WO2013044854A1 - 用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂以及使用该催化剂制备丙烯酸的方法 - Google Patents

用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂以及使用该催化剂制备丙烯酸的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013044854A1
WO2013044854A1 PCT/CN2012/082340 CN2012082340W WO2013044854A1 WO 2013044854 A1 WO2013044854 A1 WO 2013044854A1 CN 2012082340 W CN2012082340 W CN 2012082340W WO 2013044854 A1 WO2013044854 A1 WO 2013044854A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
acrylic acid
lactic acid
zeolite
type zeolite
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/082340
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陶丽芝
严波
徐柏庆
Original Assignee
株式会社日本触媒
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社日本触媒 filed Critical 株式会社日本触媒
Publication of WO2013044854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013044854A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/70Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
    • B01J29/7007Zeolite Beta
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/16Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr
    • B01J27/18Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr with metals other than Al or Zr
    • B01J27/1802Salts or mixtures of anhydrides with compounds of other metals than V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, e.g. phosphates, thiophosphates
    • B01J27/1806Salts or mixtures of anhydrides with compounds of other metals than V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, e.g. phosphates, thiophosphates with alkaline or alkaline earth metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/347Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
    • C07C51/377Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to two types of catalysts for preparing lactic acid by dehydration reaction, one type of catalyst containing zeolite zeolite molecular sieves, and the other type of hydroxyapatite catalyst, and a preparation method of acrylic acid using the catalysts.
  • Lactic acid can be produced by fermentation of a saccharide compound, and a saccharide compound as a raw material can be obtained from a regenerative plant resource such as sugar cane and sugar beet which is widely available, and carbon derived from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, lactic acid can be regarded as a carbon neutral substance.
  • lactic acid is a renewable natural resource.
  • Acrylic acid is a major organic chemical intermediate.
  • the acrylic acid widely used in the past is produced by a gas phase oxidation catalytic process of propane, propylene or acrolein with molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Propane, propylene and acrolein are used as raw materials. Fossil resources are available. Therefore, the development of technology for producing acrylic acid from renewable resources has become one of the goals of pursuing carbon neutrality.
  • the preparation of acrylic acid from lactic acid or a derivative thereof is a method of producing acrylic acid from a renewable resource.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a method of dehydrating a lactate to prepare an acrylate and an acrylic acid using a cerium type zeolite catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a NaY type zeolite modified with K, Mg, Co. Sr or B (with Na + Is a cationic Y zeolite).
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a method of dehydrating lactic acid to produce acrylic acid using a Y-type zeolite catalyst in which K + , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , La 3+ , or Sr 2+ is used as a balance Y-type zeolite skeleton charge. cation.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a method of dehydrating a lactate using a cerium type zeolite catalyst.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses a method of dehydrating lactic acid using a NaY-type zeolite catalyst.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses a catalyst in which an active component is supported on a porous inorganic carrier, wherein the porous inorganic carrier is HZSM-5 and HY zeolite. Patent It is disclosed in Scheme 6 that a shaped Y-type zeolite is used as a catalyst.
  • Patent Document 7 discloses a method of dehydrating lactic acid using a fluidized bed reactor filled with a Y-type zeolite catalyst.
  • Patent Document 8 discloses a catalyst in which an alkali metal is impregnated into a molded Y-type zeolite.
  • Patent Document 9 discloses a catalyst in which a ZSM-5 type zeolite is impregnated with a base and phosphoric acid.
  • Patent Document 1 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101186576
  • Patent Document 2 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101255109
  • Patent Document 3 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101260035
  • Patent Document 4 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101279910
  • Patent Document 5 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101352688
  • Patent Document 6 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101462069
  • Patent Document 7 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101462945
  • Patent Document 8 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101474572
  • Patent Document 9 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101602010 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention provides two types of catalysts capable of efficiently producing acrylic acid from lactic acid, and a process for preparing acrylic acid using the catalysts.
  • the first type of catalyst of the present invention is used for the production of acrylic acid from lactic acid, characterized in that it contains a zeolite beta. It is known earlier that the cerium type zeolite can be used as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid from lactic acid. However, the present invention significantly improves the yield of acrylic acid formed from lactic acid by using ⁇ -type zeolite in a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid from lactic acid.
  • a ⁇ -type zeolite containing at least one cation selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal ion and an alkaline earth metal ion is preferred, and ⁇ is further preferably contained in at least two cations selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal ion and an alkaline earth metal ion.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite preferably has a Si/Al molar ratio of not more than 30, more preferably 20 or less.
  • the second type of catalyst of the present invention is used to prepare acrylic acid from lactic acid, characterized in that the catalyst contains hydroxyapatite (Ca IQ (P0 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ).
  • the catalyst contains hydroxyapatite (Ca IQ (P0 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ).
  • hydroxyapatite Ca IQ (P0 4 ) 6 (OH) 2
  • it is preferred to be at a temperature.
  • the degree is 600 ° C or lower, more preferably 500 ° C or lower, and it is more preferred to calcine the hydroxyapatite at 450 ° C or lower.
  • the present invention also provides a process for producing acrylic acid, which comprises the step of selectively dehydrating lactic acid in the presence of the catalyst of the present invention to selectively obtain a catalytic reaction process of acrylic acid.
  • the lactic acid is subjected to a dehydration reaction using the catalyst of the present invention, and acrylic acid can be efficiently produced.
  • the first type of catalyst of the present invention is used for selectively producing acrylic acid by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction, and is characterized by containing a zeolite ⁇ .
  • acrylic acid can be produced from lactic acid using a cerium type zeolite catalyst, but the selectivity and yield of acrylic acid are not sufficiently high.
  • acrylic acid can be obtained in a higher yield.
  • Beta-type zeolites belong to a class of known substances which are composed of a negatively charged aluminosilicate crystal skeleton and a negatively charged cation of a balanced framework inserted therein, and have a composition of M m [Al n Si 64 .n0 128 ] - xH 2 0 (M represents a balanced cation, m, n, x are positive real numbers).
  • M represents a balanced cation, m, n, x are positive real numbers.
  • m depends on the valence states of n and M, for example, in the case where M. is a monovalent cation, m is equal to n; the nature of M can be changed by cation exchange.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite belongs to the BEA structure, and its crystal structure can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
  • the cation which acts to balance the negative charge of the skeleton in the p-type zeolite may be either a single species or a plurality of cations.
  • the type of the cation in the ⁇ zeolite catalyst of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one of an alkali metal ion and an alkaline earth metal ion. When such a ⁇ -type zeolite is used as a catalyst, a high acrylic acid yield can be easily obtained.
  • the alkali metal ions include lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, barium ions, barium ions, etc.; alkaline earth metal ions include ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, barium ions, barium ions, and the like. In the preparation of the ⁇ zeolite catalyst of the present invention, only one of these metal ions may be used, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
  • the molar content ⁇ of the alkali metal in the ⁇ -type zeolite and the molar content q of the alkaline earth metal and the molar content r of the aluminum are calculated (p+ The 2q) /r ratio is preferably 0.80 or more, more preferably 0.90 or more, still more preferably 0.98 or more, and particularly preferably 1.0.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite catalyst will contain only alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth metal ions as the anode which balances the negative charge of its skeleton. Ion.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite preferably has at least two kinds of cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions as cations which balance the negative charge of its skeleton.
  • a cerium type zeolite is used as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid from lactic acid, a high acrylic acid yield can be obtained.
  • it is a ⁇ -type zeolite catalyst containing two or more kinds of alkali metal ions.
  • At least two cations selected from the group consisting of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, and magnesium ions are preferably used as at least two of alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions from the viewpoints of easy preparation of the catalyst, preparation cost, and the like. cation. Further, from the viewpoint of catalyst performance, the cations in the ⁇ -type zeolite are more preferably sodium ions and potassium ions.
  • the ratio of sodium ions to potassium ions is not particularly limited, but the ratio of potassium ions/sodium ions (K/Na molar ratio) is preferably more than 50/50, more preferably It is 80/20 or more, more preferably 85/15 or more, and particularly preferably 90/10 or more.
  • K/Na molar ratio the ratio of potassium ions/sodium ions
  • the K/Na molar ratio is preferably 98/2 or less.
  • the ratio of aluminum to silicon atoms contained in the ⁇ -type zeolite is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of improving the performance of the catalyst, the Si/Al molar ratio is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 25 or less, still more preferably 20 or less.
  • a ⁇ -type zeolite containing at least two kinds of cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions and having a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less is particularly preferable. Further, a ⁇ -type zeolite containing sodium ions and potassium ions and having a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less is preferable.
  • the second type of catalyst of the present invention is used to prepare acrylic acid from lactic acid, which is characterized by containing hydroxyapatite.
  • the hydroxyapatite belongs to a known inorganic substance, and it is required to be calcined in view of obtaining good catalytic performance.
  • the calcination temperature is preferably 60 (TC or less, more preferably 50 (TC or less, further preferably 450 ° C or less).
  • the catalyst of the present invention may contain other components in addition to zeolite or hydroxyapatite.
  • it may also be a zeolite beta or hydroxyapatite supported on a specific support, i.e., a supported beta zeolite or a hydroxyapatite catalyst.
  • the carrier material may be inorganic oxide or composite oxide such as silica, alumina, titania or zirconia, other crystalline silicate (metallosilicate) such as hetero atom-containing zeolite molecular sieve, inorganic substances such as activated carbon and silicon carbide. Etc., metal or alloy such as stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the catalyst of the present invention may also be an unsupported catalyst.
  • it can be in
  • the shape of the catalyst in the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the shape may include a spherical shape, a granular shape, a columnar shape, a ring shape, a saddle shape, a honeycomb shape, a powder shape, or the like.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite and hydroxyapatite according to the present invention may be commercially available or commercially available, or may be produced by a known method.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite used in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably subjected to cation exchange as needed, and the hydroxyapatite is preferably subjected to a suitable baking treatment as needed.
  • Beta zeolite can be passed through a silicon source, an aluminum source, a base, a templating agent or a structure directing agent.
  • the compounds which can be used as the silicon source are sodium silicate, silica sol, silica aerogel, methoxy silane, etc.; compounds which can be used as an aluminum source are alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum mineral acid salts (for example, chlorine).
  • the specific amount of each raw material to be used is set in accordance with the desired composition of the ?-type zeolite. For example, the amount of silicon source and aluminum source used in the preparation process determines the Si/Al molar ratio of the p-type zeolite.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite can be prepared by hydrothermally mixing a mixture of the raw materials in a closed pressure vessel (autoclave) (hydrothermal synthesis).
  • the hydrothermal synthesis has a temperature in the range of from 100 ° C to 25 CTC for a period of from 12 hours to 300 hours, and as a result, an aluminosilicate crystal having a structural structure of zeolite ⁇ must be obtained.
  • the obtained ⁇ -type zeolite is washed and dried, and further calcined in a temperature range of 4 (KTC-65 (TC) for 1 hour to 12 hours to remove the sample.
  • Structure directing agent tetraethylammonium compound
  • a beta zeolite having a Si/Al molar ratio of less than 15 it is preferred to use a mixture containing a silicon source, an aluminum source, and a structure directing agent only in contact with water vapor without contact with liquid water.
  • Dry gel conversion method (DGC method). The dry gel conversion method is a technical method specifically described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-114511.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite may be added to a solution containing the target metal cation for cation exchange.
  • a ⁇ -type zeolite such as K + or an alkaline earth metal ion (such as Mg 2+ ) is added to a solution containing an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion, followed by heating and stirring.
  • a cation exchange reaction can occur.
  • the degree of cation exchange can be adjusted by operating parameters such as the concentration of the target metal cation in the solution, the temperature and time of the exchange reaction, and the number of exchanges.
  • the operation of the ion exchange reaction does not achieve the desired degree of cation exchange, it is preferred to increase the number of operations of the ion exchange reaction; by repeating the operation of the ion exchange reaction a plurality of times, the degree of cation exchange is increased to a desired degree.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite contains at least two kinds of cations selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal ion and an alkaline earth metal ion
  • it is preferably produced by the following method.
  • a method of co-exchange in which a zeolite beta is added to a solution containing both cationic cations and cation B.
  • the selectivity of the ⁇ -type zeolite to the cationic ruthenium should be higher than that of the cation ruthenium;
  • the molar concentration of the selective low cation A should be appropriately higher than the molar concentration of the cation B.
  • the ⁇ -type zeolite subjected to the above cation exchange may be subjected to drying and/or baking treatment as needed.
  • the roasting process can heat the sample to 4ocrc-65 in an air atmosphere (rc can be held for 1 hour to 12 hours).
  • the hydroxyapatite can be synthesized by using an ordinary container and appropriately heating an aqueous solution containing a calcium source, a phosphorus source, and a base (adjusted pH).
  • the compounds which can be used as a calcium source are calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, etc.
  • compounds which can be used as a phosphorus source are various soluble phosphates such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and the like.
  • the heating temperature during the synthesis ranges from 40 ° C to 65 ° C for a period of from 4 hours to 20 hours. Subsequently, the prepared hydroxyapatite is washed and dried, and further calcined in an air atmosphere at a temperature ranging from 400 C to 650 ° C for 1 hour to 12 hours.
  • the catalyst containing zeolite ⁇ or hydroxyapatite of the present invention can be produced by the above method.
  • the use of these catalysts for the dehydration reaction of lactic acid allows selective preparation of acrylic acid. Therefore, the use of the catalyst of the present invention can effectively achieve the dehydration of lactic acid to produce acrylic acid. [Preparation method of acrylic acid]
  • the method for producing acrylic acid of the present invention comprises a catalytic reaction process for dehydrating lactic acid to obtain acrylic acid in the presence of the catalyst of the invention.
  • the lactic acid used as a raw material may be refined lactic acid or crude lactic acid.
  • Lactic acid can also be synthesized from biomass as a raw material, for example, by fermentation of sugars (a type of biomass derivative) to produce lactic acid.
  • the lactic acid dehydration process for preparing the acrylic acid can be carried out by contacting the raw material gas containing lactic acid with the catalyst in a reactor of any selected fixed bed reactor, fluidized bed reactor or moving bed reactor.
  • the gas phase dehydration reaction is carried out; it can also be carried out by a liquid phase dehydration reaction in which an aqueous solution containing lactic acid is brought into contact with a catalyst.
  • the liquid phase dehydration reaction can utilize either a combination of a fixed bed and a distillation column, or a combination of a stirred tank and a distillation column; either a one-stage stirred tank or a multi-stage stirred tank can be used.
  • the acrylic acid preparation method of the present invention may be either a batch process or a continuous reaction process, but it is usually preferred to carry out the process in a continuous process.
  • acrylic acid of the present invention it is preferred to prepare acrylic acid by a vapor phase dehydration reaction process in which a raw material gas containing lactic acid is brought into contact with a catalyst from the viewpoint of improving industrial production efficiency.
  • a method of preparing acrylic acid from lactic acid by a vapor phase dehydration reaction using a fixed bed reactor will be described in detail.
  • the fixed bed reactor is preferably a reaction tube filled with the catalyst of the present invention.
  • a bed filled with the catalyst of the present invention is present in the reaction tube.
  • the raw material gas introduced into the catalyst layer may contain only lactic acid molecules, and in order to adjust the concentration of lactic acid in the raw material gas, the lactic acid vapor may be diluted with an inert gas and then subjected to a dehydration reaction.
  • an inert gas which can be used as such an inert gas is nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, air or the like.
  • the reaction feed process preferably heats the lactic acid so that it is already in a gaseous state at least when it reaches the catalyst bed.
  • the concentration of lactic acid in the raw material gas is usually in the range of 1% to 30% (V/V), preferably 2% (V/V) or more, and more preferably 5% (V/V) for economical and efficient preparation of acrylic acid. ) the above.
  • the flow rate of the feed gas is expressed by the flow rate of the feed gas per unit volume of the catalyst (ie, volumetric space velocity: GHSV), usually SOOh-'-SOOOOh' 1 , preferably 30,000 h- 1 or less, for economical
  • GHSV volumetric space velocity
  • the reaction temperature is usually preferably 280 ° C or higher, more preferably 320 ° C or higher, and still more preferably 350 ° C or higher.
  • the upper limit reaction temperature is preferably 450 ° C or lower, more preferably 420 ° C or lower, and still more preferably 390 ° C or lower.
  • the "reaction temperature" in the gas phase dehydration reaction means a set temperature of a heating medium or the like that controls the temperature of the reactor.
  • the method for producing acrylic acid of the present invention may include a step of collecting and separating a gas containing acrylic acid by a liquid medium, or a condensation and trapping of a gas containing an acrylic acid, in addition to a reaction step of dehydrating lactic acid to obtain acrylic acid. Separation process.
  • a liquid medium is used to trap an acrylic acid-containing gas in a trap
  • the liquid that can be used as a trap medium is water, acrylic acid-containing water, or a high-boiling solvent (diphenyl ether or Biphenyl, etc.).
  • the method for producing acrylic acid of the present invention may further include a purification step in the subsequent stage of the collection step or the condensation step.
  • a purification step an acrylic acid solution is purified by a conventionally known method (for example, distillation or crystallization) to obtain an acrylic acid having a purity of ruthenium.
  • the acrylic acid prepared by the above method can be used as a raw material for preparing an acrylic acid derivative such as an acrylate, a water-absorbent resin such as polyacrylic acid or sodium polyacrylate, a hydrophilic resin, a coating material, and an adhesive.
  • an acrylic acid derivative such as an acrylate, a water-absorbent resin such as polyacrylic acid or sodium polyacrylate, a hydrophilic resin, a coating material, and an adhesive.
  • a P-type zeolite powder ( ⁇ zeolite, Tianjin Nanhua Catalyst Co., Ltd.) having a Si/Al molar ratio of 19 and a cation having a negative charge of a balanced skeleton (HT) is heated to 42 (TC was calcined for 1 hour, then heated to 540 ° C for 5 hours.
  • the ion exchange operation was repeated 4 times to complete the cation exchange of the ⁇ zeolite.
  • the obtained zeolite powder was dried at 11 (TC overnight, then at 540 ⁇ ). After calcination for 5 hours, a ⁇ -type zeolite (Nap zeolite) having sodium ions as a cation was obtained.
  • X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis confirmed that the Nap zeolite obtained had a Na/A! molar ratio of 1.0 (i.e., Na + exchange). 100%).
  • Preparation Example 5 The ⁇ zeolite powder in Preparation Example 1 was replaced with ⁇ zeolite having a Si/Al molar ratio of 17 calcined at 540 ° C (self-made sample, by adding an appropriate amount of HF to the raw material liquid, and water heat at 140 ° C). The synthesis was carried out, and the ion exchange process of Preparation Example 2 was repeated to obtain a fourth KNap sample, which was designated as Catalyst 4.
  • Preparation Example 5 The ⁇ zeolite powder in Preparation Example 1 was replaced with ⁇ zeolite having a Si/Al molar ratio of 17 calcined at 540 ° C (self-made sample, by adding an appropriate amount of HF to the raw material liquid, and water heat at 140 ° C). The synthesis was carried out, and the ion exchange process of Preparation Example 2 was repeated to obtain a fourth KNap sample, which was designated as Catalyst 4.
  • Acrylic acid is produced by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction using a fixed bed reactor packed with each of the above catalysts 1-6.
  • the fixed bed reactor was a quartz reaction tube having an inner diameter of 6 to 7 mm, which was set to a vertical direction, and the reaction raw material was introduced into the reactor through a downward flowing gas stream.
  • the reactor was filled with 20-40 mesh (0.42-0.84 mm) of catalyst particles 0.5 g as a catalyst bed, and a certain thickness (ca. 5 mm) of quartz wool was packed on the upper and lower sides of the catalyst bed.
  • the quartz wool on the upper portion of the catalyst bed was further filled with 0.5 mL of quartz sand.
  • the present invention uses a simulated typical refined lactic acid fermentation product, i.e., an aqueous solution of lactic acid having a weight concentration of 35.7% (10 mol%) as a reaction raw material.
  • the catalyst in the reactor was preheated at a temperature of 360 ° C for 1 hour at a temperature of 360 ° C before the reaction raw material was fed to the reactor.
  • the gas flow is regulated using a mass flow meter.
  • the liquid reaction material is fed into the reactor from a container for storing the raw material using a micro liquid syringe pump.
  • an atmosphere flow rate: 15.5 mL/min
  • An "ice-water" cold trap is disposed at the outlet of the reactor to condense the product of the trapping reaction therein; a gas purifying bottle containing an appropriate amount of water is disposed behind the cold trap so as to escape from the cold trap A small amount of light product is captured in the water.
  • condensate was collected every 1 hour and analyzed by gas chromatography (Agilent HP7890 chromatography). This gas chromatograph was a capillary HiCap CBP20-S25-050 (inner diameter 0.32 mm X length 25 m) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation as a separation column and FID as a detector. By adding 2-propanol as an internal standard substance in the condensate, the product is realized. Quantitative analysis'.
  • the material balance of the reaction process indicates that it is difficult to quantitatively detect lactic acid by gas chromatography.
  • concentration of unreacted lactic acid in the condensate is less than 15% by weight, the above-described gas chromatographic analysis does not detect lactic acid at all.
  • the amount of unreacted lactic acid can be accurately determined by ion chromatography (Metrohm 761) equipped with a Metmsep A supp5 column.
  • LA conversion lactic acid conversion
  • AA selectivity acrylic acid selectivity
  • AA yield acrylic acid yield
  • LA conversion rate (%) (moles of lactic acid consumed in the reaction) I (moles of lactic acid input to the reactor) x ioo
  • AA selectivity (%) (the number of moles of carbon atoms in the acrylic acid generated in the reaction) / (the number of moles of carbon atoms in the lactic acid consumed in the reaction) x ioo
  • Table 1 shows the compositions of Catalysts 1-6 and the results of preparing acrylic acid by lactic acid dehydration using fixed bed reactors filled with these catalysts respectively;
  • Table 2 shows the use of fixed bed reactions packed with catalysts 7-12, respectively.
  • the reaction results on the catalysts 1-4, 7-12 are based on the analysis of the collected condensate within 1 hour from the 7th to 8th hour after the start of the reaction; the reaction result on the catalyst 6 is based on The results of analysis of the trapped condensate were carried out within 1 hour from the 5th to 6th hour after the start of the reaction.
  • the catalyst using the zeolite beta has a higher acrylic acid yield than the catalyst using the cerium zeolite (catalyst 6).
  • the catalysts 1-3 containing both sodium ions and potassium ions significantly improved the yield of acrylic acid as compared with the catalyst 4 containing only sodium ions as the exchange cation.
  • the catalysts 1 and 4 having a Si/Al molar ratio of 19 and 17 exhibited a particularly high acrylic acid yield as compared with the catalysts 2 and 3 having a Si/Al molar ratio of 28.
  • the present invention can produce acrylic acid from lactic acid in high yield. Since lactic acid is a renewable biological resource, it is possible to contribute to greenhouse gas emission reduction if lactic acid can be used as a raw material to efficiently produce acrylic acid.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的催化剂可用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸,以含有β型沸石分子筛或羟基磷灰石为特征。此外,本发明的丙烯酸的制备方法的特征在于,在本发明的催化剂的存在下,乳酸发生脱水反应可以有选择地生成丙烯酸。通过在由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂中使用β型沸石分子筛或羟基磷灰石,明显提高了丙烯酸的选择性和收率。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及两类用于使乳酸发生脱水反应制备丙烯酸的催化剂, 一类 是含有 β型沸石分子筛的催化剂、 另一类是羟基磷灰石催化剂, 以及使用 该这些催化剂的丙烯酸的制备方法, 属于化工催化剂技术领域。 背景技术
众所周知, 化石资源的使用导致了温室气体二氧化碳的排放。 在世界 范围内, 人们正寻求发展能够减少或抑制二氧化碳排放的各种方法。 此外, 由于化石资源将面临枯竭, 其价格有可能上升, 因此必须开发以可再生资 源为基础的化学品和能源生产技术。 乳酸能够通过糖类化合物的发酵而生 产, 而作为原料的糖类化合物可以从广泛易得的甘蔗和甜菜等再生性植物 资源获取, 其中的碳源自大气中的二氧化碳。 因此, 乳酸可看成是碳中性 物质。 即, 即使最终使乳酸燃烧, 构成乳酸的碳也只是变回到二氧化碳返 回到大气中, 对大气中二氧化碳总量的增减也没有影响。 因此, 乳酸是可 再生自然资源。
丙烯酸是一种主要的有机化工中间体, 以往广泛使用的丙烯酸是通过 以分子氧为氧化剂的丙烷、 丙烯或丙烯醛的气相氧化催化工艺而生产的, 作为原料的丙烷、 丙烯、 丙烯醛均由化石资源得到。 因此, 开发以可再生 资源为原料生产丙烯酸的技术也成为追求碳中性的目标之一。 由乳酸或其 衍生物制备丙烯酸即是以可再生资源为原料生产丙烯酸的方法。 例如, 专 利文献 1公开了一种使用 Υ型沸石催化剂将乳酸酯脱水制备丙烯酸酯和丙 烯酸的方法, 其中的催化剂包括用 K、 Mg、 Co. Sr或者 B修饰的 NaY型 沸石(以 Na+为阳离子的 Y型沸石)。专利文献 2公开了使用 Y型沸石催化 剂将乳酸脱水以制备丙烯酸的方法,其中的催化剂以 K+、 Ca2+、 Ba2+、 La3+、 或者 Sr2+作为平衡 Y型沸石骨架电荷的阳离子。 专利文献 3公开了使用 Υ 型沸石催化剂将乳酸酯脱水的方法。 专利文献 4公开了使用 NaY型沸石催 化剂将乳酸脱水的方法。 专利文献 5 公开了将活性组分负载在多孔性无机 载体上的催化剂, 其中多孔性无机载体为 HZSM-5和 HY沸石。 在专利文 献 6中公开了使用成型的 Y型沸石为催化剂。 专利文献 7公开了利用填充 有 Y型沸石催化剂的流化床式反应器将乳酸脱水的方法。 专利文献 8中公 幵了在成型的 Y型沸石中浸渍有碱金属的催化剂。 专利文献 9 公开了在 ZSM-5型沸石中浸渍有碱和磷酸的催化剂。
现有技术文献
专利文.献
专利文献 1 : 中国专利申请公开第 101186576号公报
专利文献 2: 中国专利申请公开第 101255109号公报
专利文献 3 : 中国专利申请公开第 101260035号公报
专利文献 4: 中国专利申请公开第 101279910号公报
专利文献 5: 中国专利申请公开第 101352688号公报
专利文献 6: 中国专利申请公开第 101462069号公报
专利文献 7: 中国专利申请公开第 101462945号公报
专利文献 8: 中国专利申请公开第 101474572号公报
专利文献 9: 中国专利申请公开第 101602010号公报 发明内容
在专利文献 1-9 中公开的用于由乳酸或其衍生物制备丙烯酸的各种催 化剂上, 由乳酸生成丙烯酸的选择性和收率均不够高。 因此, 仍有必要寻 找能够以更高收率制备丙烯酸的催化剂。 本发明提供两类能够有效地由乳 酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂、 以及使用了这些催化剂的丙烯酸的制备方法。
本发明的第一类催化剂用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸, 其特征在于, 含有 β 型沸石。 稍早己知 Υ型沸石可以用作由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂。 但是, 本发明通过在由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂中使用 β型沸石, 明显提高了由 乳酸生成丙烯酸的收率。
为了获得高性能 β型沸石催化剂, 优选含有选自碱金属离子和碱土金 属离子中至少一种阳离子的 β型沸石, 更优选含有选自碱金属离子和碱土 金属离子中的至少两种阳离子的 β型沸石。 另外, 为进一步提高催化剂的 性能, β型沸石优选 Si/Al摩尔比不超过 30, 更优选为 20以下。
本发明的第二类催化剂用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸, 其特征在于该催化剂 含有羟基磷灰石 (CaIQ(P04)6(OH)2)。 为了获得高性能的催化剂, 优选在温 度为 600°C以下, 更优选 500°C以下, 进一步优选在 450'C以下焙烧羟基磷 灰石。
本发明还提供了一种丙烯酸的制备方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括在 本发明的催化剂的存在下, 使乳酸脱水有选择地得到丙烯酸的催化反应工 艺。 使用本发明的催化剂使乳酸进行脱水反应, 能够有效地制备丙烯酸。 以下介绍本发明的具体实施方式
【催化剂】
本发明的第一类催化剂用于使乳酸进行脱水反应选择性制备丙烯酸, 其特征在于, 含有 β型沸石。 早先, 己知使用 Υ型沸石催化剂能够由乳酸 制备丙烯酸, 但生成丙烯酸的选择性和收率均不够高。 使用本发明的 β型 沸石催化剂, 能够以更高的收率制得丙烯酸。
β型沸石属于一类已知的物质,它们是由带负电荷的铝硅酸盐晶体骨架 以及插入其中的平衡骨架负电荷的阳离子构成, 其组成为 Mm[AlnSi64.n0128] - xH20 (M表示平衡阳离子, m、 n、 x是正实数)。 在所 述的组成式中, m取决于 n和 M的价态, 例如, 在 M.为 1价阳离子的情况 下, m与 n相等; 通过阳离子交换可以改变 M的性质。 β型沸石属于 BEA 结构, 其晶体结构可以通过 X射线衍射确认。
在 ρ型沸石中起平衡骨架负电荷作用的阳离子可以是单一一种, 也可 以是多种。 本发明对 β沸石催化剂中阳离子的种类虽然没有特别的限定, 但是, 优选碱金属离子和碱土金属离子中的至少一种阳离子。使用这样的 β 型沸石为催化剂时, 很容易得到高的丙烯酸收率。 其中, 碱金属离子包括 锂离子、 钠离子、 钾离子、 铷离子、 铯离子等; 碱土金属离子包括铍离于、 镁离子、 钙离子、 锶离子、 钡离子等。 在制备本发明的 β沸石催化剂时, 可以仅使用这些金属离子中的一种, 也可以两种以上并用。
在 β型沸石中的阳离子为碱金属离子或碱土金属离子的情况下, 由 β 型沸石中的碱金属的摩尔含量 ρ和碱土金属的摩尔含量 q以及铝的摩尔含 量 r计算出的 (p+2q) /r比值优选为 0.80以上, 更优选为 0.90以上, 更优 选为 0.98以上, 特别优选为 1.0。 在 (p+2q) /r比值为 1.0时, β型沸石催 化剂中将只含有碱金属离子和 /或碱土金属离子作为平衡其骨架负电荷的阳 离子。
β 型沸石优选具有选自碱金属离子和碱土金属离子中的至少两种阳离 子作为平衡其骨架负电荷的阳离子。 使用这样的卩型沸石作为由乳酸制备 丙烯酸的催化剂时, 可获得高的丙烯酸收率。 更优选的是含有两种以上的 碱金属离子的 β型沸石催化剂。
从催化剂的容易制备性和制备成本等方面考虑, 优选选自锂离子、 钠 离子、 钾离子、 钙离子、 以及镁离子中的至少两种阳离子作为碱金属离子 和碱土金属离子中的至少两种阳离子。进一步从催化剂性能方面考虑, β型 沸石中的阳离子更优选为钠离子和钾离子。
在 β型沸石含有钠离子和钾离子的情况下, 钠离子和钾离子的比例没 有特别的限定, 但钾离子 /钠离子的比例(K/Na摩尔比)优选为大于 50/50, 更优选为 80/20以上, 进一步优选为 85/15以上, 特别优选为 90/10以上。 通常, 钾离子含量越高的 β沸石催化剂上丙烯酸的收率也越高。 另一方面, 作为 K/Na摩尔比的上限, 优选 K/Na摩尔比为 98/2以下。
β型沸石中所含的铝和硅原子的比例没有特别的限定,但是从提髙催化 剂性能方面考虑, 优选 Si/Al摩尔比为 30以下, 更优选为 25以下, 进一步 优选为 20以下。
作为本发明的第一类催化剂, 特别优选含有选自碱金属离子和碱土金 属离子中的至少两种阳离子、 并且 Si/Al摩尔比为 20以下的 β型沸石。 进 一步优选含有钠离子和钾离子、 并且 Si/Al摩尔比为 20以下的 β型沸石。
本发明的第二类催化剂用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸, 其特征在于含有羟基 磷灰石。 羟基磷灰石属于己知的无机物, 从获得好的催化性能方面考虑, 需要对其进行焙烧处理, 优选焙烧温度为 60(TC以下, 更优选 50(TC以下, 进一步优选 450°C以下。
本发明的催化剂, 除了 卩型沸石或羟基磷灰石以外, 还可以含有其它 成分。 例如, 还可以是负载在特定载体上的 β型沸石或羟基磷灰石, 也即 负载型 β沸石或羟基磷灰石催化剂。 其中的载体材料可以是二氧化硅、 氧 化铝、 二氧化钛、 氧化锆等无机氧化物或复合氧化物, 含杂原子的沸石分 子筛等其他结晶性硅酸盐 (metallosilicate), 活性炭、 碳化硅等无机物等, 不锈钢、 铝等金属或合金。
当然, 本发明的催化剂还可以为非负载型催化剂。 例如, 可以在 |3型 沸石中添加粘合剂并制成各种现状的成型催化剂; 还可以通过将特定形状 的二氧化硅载体变换为沸石等而制成完全不含粘合剂的沸石催化剂。
本发明对催化剂的形状没有特别的限定。 例如, 可列举的形状包括球 状、 粒状、 柱状、 环状、 鞍状、 蜂窝状、 粉末状等。
【催化剂的制备方法】
本发明所涉及的 β型沸石和羟基磷灰石可以是商业产品或市售品, 也 可以通过公知的方法制备。 但是, 本发明的催化剂中使用的 β型沸石优选 根据需要迸行阳离子交换, 羟基磷灰石也优选根据需要进行适当的焙烧处 理。
β 型沸石可以通过在硅源、 铝源、 碱、 模板剂或结构导向剂
( Structure-directing Agent )> 以及水的存在下, 采用水热合成方法而制备。 例如, 作为 β型沸石的制备方法, 可以参考特开平 6-287015号专利公报。
可用作硅源的化合物有硅酸钠、 硅溶胶、 二氧化硅气溶胶、 垸氧基硅 烷等; 可用作铝源的化合物有氧化铝、 氢氧化铝、 铝的无机酸盐 (例如氯 化铝、 硝酸铝、 硫酸铝、 碳酸铝等) 等的水溶液; 可用作结构导向剂的代 表性化合物是四乙基铵化合物 (例如四乙基氢氧化铵、 四乙基氯化铵等)。 各个原料的具体用量, 要根据所期望的 β型沸石的组成进行设定。 例如, 在制备过程中硅源与铝源的用量决定了 ρ型沸石的 Si/Al摩尔比。
β型沸石可以通过在密闭式压力容器(高压釜)中加热所述原料的混合 物进行制备 (水热合成)。 水热合成的温度范围为 100°C-25CTC, 时间为 12 小时 -300小时, 其结果, 必须得到具有 β型沸石结构特征的的铝硅酸盐晶 体。 在水热合成后, 要将所得到的 β型沸石进行洗洚和干燥, 并进一步在 空气氛围下, 在 4(KTC-65(TC的温度范围內焙烧 1小时 -12小时, 以除去样 品中的结构导向剂 (四乙基铵化合物)。
在制备 Si/Al摩尔比低于 15的 β型沸石方面, 优选使用那些能够在不 与液态水接触的情况下, 使含有硅源、 铝源、 以及结构导向剂的混合物仅 与水蒸气接触的干凝胶转化法 (DGC 法)。 干凝胶转化法是在特开 2001-114511号专利公报中专门记载的技术方法。
为了在 β型沸石引入所希望的金属阳离子, 将 β型沸石加入到含有目 标金属阳离子的溶液中进行阳离子交换即可。 例如, 要制备含有碱金属离 子(如 K+)或碱土金属离子(如 Mg2+) 的 β型沸石为例, 只需将 β型沸石 加入到含有碱金属离子或碱土金属离子的溶液中, 然后进行加热、 搅拌, 即可发生阳离子交换反应。 阳离子交换的程度, 可以通过溶液中目标金属 阳离子的浓度、 交换反应的温度和时间、 以及交换次数等操作参数进行调 节。 如果经过一次离子交换反应的操作不能达到所希望的阳离子交换程度, 则优选增加离子交换反应的操作次数; 通过将离子交换反应的操作重复多 次, 使阳离子交换度提高到所希望的程度。
对于 β型沸石含有选自碱金属离子和碱土金属离子中的至少两种阳离 子的情况, 优选采用以下方法进行制备。 例如, 如果希望在 β型沸石中含 有阳离子 Α和阳离子 Β, 优选釆用: ( I )将 β型沸石加入到含有阳离子 A 的溶液中先与 A进行交换, 然后再移入到含有阳离子 B的溶液中与 B进行 交换的分步交换方法; ( Π )将 β型沸石加入到同时含有阳离子 Α和阳离子 B 的溶液中的共同交换方法。 另外, 在所述方法 ( I ) 和 (II ) 中, 必须 留意以下情况。 由于沸石分子筛的晶体骨架结构通常会对一些特定的阳离 子表现出选择性, 因此, 在所述的分步交换方法( I ) 中, β型沸石对阳离 子 Β的选择性应当比阳离子 Α髙; 在所述的共同交换方法 (Π ) 的离子交 换溶液中, 选择性低的阳离子 A的摩尔浓度应适当高出阳离子 B的摩尔浓 度。
经过上述阳离子交换的 β型沸石, 可以根据需要实施干燥和 /或焙烧处 理。 例如, 焙烧处理可以在空气氛围下、 把样品加热到 4ocrc-65(rc保持 1 小时 -12小时即可。
羟基磷灰石可以使用普通的容器, 适当加热含有钙源、 磷源、 碱 (调 节 pH) 的水溶液进行合成。 可用作钙源的化合物有硝酸钙、 氯化钙、 氢氧 化钙等, 可用作磷源的化合物有各种可溶性磷酸盐, 如磷酸氨、 磷酸氢氨 等。 合成时的加热温度范围为 40°C-65°C, 时间为 4小时 -20小时。 随后, 要将所制备的羟基磷灰石进行洗涤和干燥, 并进一步在空气氛围下, 在 400 C-650°C的温度范围内焙烧 1小时 -12小时即可。
通过以上方法可以制备本发明的含有 β型沸石或羟基磷灰石的催化剂。 将这些催化剂用于使乳酸进行脱水反应可以有选择地制备丙烯酸。 因此, 使用本发明的催化剂可以有效实现乳酸脱水制备丙烯酸。 【丙烯酸的制备方法】
下面对本发明的丙烯酸的制备方法进行说明。 本发明的丙烯酸的制备 方法包括在^:发明的催化剂的存在下, 使乳酸脱水得到丙烯酸的催化反应 工艺。
用作原料的乳酸可以是精制乳酸, 也可以是粗乳酸。 乳酸还可以是以 生物质为原料合成的乳酸, 例如通过糖类 (一类生物质衍生物) 发酵可以 生产乳酸。
本发明,中的乳酸脱水制备丙烯酸反应过程, 可以在任意选定的固定床 反应器、 流化床反应器、 移动床反应器等反应器内, 通过使含有乳酸的原 料气与催化剂相接触的气相脱水反应进行; 还可以通过使含有乳酸的水溶 液与催化剂相接触的液相脱水反应而进行。 在后一种的情况下的液相脱水 反应既可以利用固定床和蒸馏塔的组合, 也可以利用搅拌槽和蒸馏塔的组 合; 既可以使用一段式搅拌槽, 也可以使用多段式搅拌槽, 还可以使用多 段式蒸馏塔, 以及组合了这些已知方法的各种化工反应技术进行实施。 本 发明的丙烯酸制备方法既可以是间歇式, 也可以是连续式反应工艺, 但通 常优选以连续式工艺进行实施。
本发明的制备丙烯酸的工艺方法, 从有利于提高工业生产效率考虑, 优选通过使含有乳酸的原料气体与催化剂相接触的气相脱水反应工艺制备 丙烯酸。 以下, 对通过使用固定床反应器的气相脱水反应, 实现由乳酸制 备丙烯酸的方法, 进行详细说明。
固定床反应器优选填充有本发明的催化剂的反应管。 优选在反应管中 存在着填充有本发明的催化剂的床层。
导入到催化剂层的原料气可以仅仅含有乳酸分子, 为了调节原料气中 乳酸的浓度, 也可以用惰性气体稀释乳酸蒸汽再进行脱水反应。 例如, 可 用作此类惰性气体的稀释剂有, 氮气、 二氧化碳气体、 水蒸气、 空气等。 反应进料工艺优选把乳酸加热, 使其至少在到达催化剂床层时已经处于气 体状态。
原料气中的乳酸浓度范围通常为 1%-30% (V/V) , 优选为 2%(V/V)以 上, 为了经济且高效地进行丙烯酸的制备, 更优选为 5% (V/V) 以上。
原料气的流量, 以单位体积催化剂上的原料气流速 (即体积空速: GHSV) 表示, 通常为 SOOh-'-SOOOOh'1 , 优选为 30000h— 1以下, 为了经济且 高效地进行丙烯酸的制备, 更优选为 200001 ·1以下。
对于乳酸的气相脱水反应, 过低或多高的反应温度均会降低丙烯酸的 收率, 因此, 反应温度通常优选为 280°C以上, 更优选为 320°C以上, 进一 步优选为 350°C以上。此外,上限反应温度优选为 450°C以下,更优选为 420°C 以下, 进一步优选为 390'C以下。 在此, 所谓的气相脱水反应中的 "反应温 度" 的意思是指对反应器的温度进行控制的载热体等的设定温度。
通过乳酸的气相脱水反应, 得到粗制的含有丙烯酸的气体产物 (以下 称作 "含丙烯酸的气体")。 含丙烯酸的气体, 可以通过冷凝或溶剂捕集等 以丙烯酸溶液的方式回收。 即, 本发明的丙烯酸的制备方法, 除了使乳酸 脱水得到丙烯酸的反应工序以外, 还可以包括利用液体介质捕集含丙烯酸 的气体的捕集分离工序、 或者冷凝并捕集含丙烯酸的气体的冷凝分离工艺。 在捕集分离工序中, 在捕集塔中利用液体介质捕集含丙烯酸的气体, 此时 可用作捕集介质的液体有水、 含丙烯酸的水、 或者高沸点溶剂 (二苯基醚 或联苯等) 等。
为进一步提高在捕集工序或冷凝工序得到的溶液中丙烯酸的含有率或 浓度, 本发明的丙烯酸的制备方法还可以在捕集工序或冷凝工序的后段设 置精制工序。 在精制工序中, 采用以往公知的方法 (例如蒸馏或结晶等) 精制丙烯酸溶液, 即可得到髙纯度的丙烯酸。
通过以上方法, 制备的丙烯酸可以用作制备丙烯酸酯等丙烯酸衍生物, 聚丙烯酸、 '聚丙烯酸钠等吸水性树脂或亲水性树脂, 涂料以及粘着剂等的 原料。 实施例
以下具体介绍本发明的实施例。 但是, 本发明当然并不受下述实施例 限制, 只要处在上述和下述的宗旨范围内, 还可以有其它的实施方法, 这 些均应包含在本发明的技术范围内。
( 1 ) 催化剂的制备
制备例 1
在马氟炉中将 Si/Al摩尔比为 19、 以质子 (HT) 为平衡骨架负电荷的 阳离子的 P型沸石粉末 (Ηβ沸石, 天津南化催化剂有限公司产品)加热到 42(TC焙烧 1小时, 然后再升温到 540°C焙烧 5小时。 将焙烧过的 Ηβ沸石 15 g加入到 300 mL的 0.5 M NaN03水溶液(NaN03, 北京北化精细化学品 有限公司的分析纯试剂) 中, 在 80°C下保持 1小时进行离子交换。 重复该 离子交换操作 4次,完成 Ηβ沸石的阳离子交换。将得到的沸石粉末在 11(TC 干燥一晚, 然后再在 540Ό下焙烧 5小时, 得到以钠离子为阳离子的 β型沸 石(Nap沸石)。 X射线荧光(XRF)分析确认,所制得的 Nap沸石的 Na/A! 摩尔比为 1.0 (也即, Na+交换度为 100%)。将 15g的 Nap沸石加入到 300mL 用油浴保持在 80°C的 0,5MKBr水溶液 (KBr, 北京益利精细化学品有限公 司的分析纯试剂) 中, 保持 1 小时进行离子交换, 之后过滤分离。 从滤饼 中取出一半的量, 在 110'C下干燥一晚, 然后再在 540°C下焙烧 5小时, 即 得到以钾离子和钠离子为平衡阳离子的卩型沸石 (ΚΝ3β沸石), 记为催化 剂 1。 制备例 2
使用 Si/Al摩尔比为 28的 Ηβ沸石粉末 (天津南化催化剂有限公司产品) 作为原料, 采用与制备例 1 相同的离子交换与干燥、 焙烧过程, 得到第二 个 ΚΝ&β样品, 记为催化剂 2。 制备例 3
在重复制备上述催化剂 2 的基础上, 再重复一次在 0.5M Br溶液中 (300ml, 80°C ) 的离子交换操作(即, 将 Ν β沸石用 KBr溶液连续交换 2 次)。 过滤分离后, 在 110°C下干燥一晚, 再在 540°C下焙烧 5小时, 得到 第三个 ΚΝ&β样品, 记为催化剂 3。 制备例 4
将制备例 1中的 Ηβ沸石粉末, 换成在 540'C焙烧过的 Si/Al摩尔比为 17的 Ηβ沸石 (自制样品, 通过在原料液中添加适量 HF、 经在 140'C的水 热合成制得), 重复制备例 2的离子交换过程, 得到第四个 KNap样品, 记 为催化剂 4。 制备例 5
将制备例 1得到的 Na|3沸石作为催化剂 5。 制备例 6
将 15 g的以钠离子为平衡骨架负电荷的阳离子的 Y型沸石 (NaY沸石, 中国天津南化催化剂有限公司产品)放入到 300mL的用油浴保持在 80Ό的 0.5ΜΚΒΙ·水溶液中, 保持 1小时进行离子交换, 之后过滤分离。在 110'C下 将过滤后的固体干燥一晚,然后再在 540°C下焙烧 5小时, 得到以钾离子和 钠离子为阳离子的 Y型沸石 (KNaY沸石), 记为催化剂 6。 制备例 7
羟基磷灰石的制备。 将 150ml浓度为 0.5M(NH4)2HPO4 (分析纯, 中国 国药集团有限公司产品)的水溶液,倒入预先配制的 250ml的 Ca(N03)24¾0 (分析纯,北京现代东方精细化学有限公司)的乙醇溶液中,用 0.5MN¾OH (氨水) 调节溶液 pH至大于 10。 接着在 40°C下搅拌 4h, 之后停止搅拌, 并将此混合物置于 4(TC的干燥箱中静置老化 12小时。过滤收集其中的成淀, 用去离子反复洗涤沉淀,直到滤液的电导值小于 l< S/cm;将滤饼固体置于 110°C下干燥 12h, 然后置于管式炉中于流动空气 (50ml min ' ) 中加热到 360°C焙烧 5h, 得到 360°C焙烧的羟基磷灰石 Ca1()(P04)6(OH)2样品 (CaP-360), 记为催化剂 7。 制备例 8
采用与制备例 7 相同制备过程, 但在最后将样品的焙烧温度提高到 400 °C , 得到 CaP-400样品, 记为催化剂 8。 制备例 9
采用与制备例 7 相同制备过程, 但在最后将样品的焙烧温度提高到 500。C, 得到 CaP-500样品, 记为催化剂 9。 制备例 10
将制备例 7中的焙烧温度提高到 600'C,得到 CaP-600样品,记为催化 剂 10。 制备例 11
将制备例 7中的焙烧温度提高到 700°C, 得到 CaP-700样品,记为催化 剂 11。 制备例 12
将市售的商品羟基磷灰石(Ca1()(P04)6(OH)2,北京现代东方精细化学有 限公司试剂, 纯度 99.9%) 在 400°C焙烧 5h作为参照样品 (CaP-C-400), 记为催化剂 12。
(2 ) 使用催化剂由乳酸制备丙烯酸
使用填充有上述各催化剂 1-6的固定床反应器, 使乳酸发生脱水反应, 制备丙烯酸。 固定床反应器使用内径为 6-7mm的石英反应管, 将其设置为 垂直方向, 通过下向流动气流将反应原料输入到反应器。 在反应器中填充 20-40目 (0.42-0.84mm) 的催化剂颗粒 0.5g作为催化剂床层, 在催化剂床 层的上、 下方分别填塞一定厚度 (ca. 5mm) 石英棉。 为了将输入到反应器 的液体反应原料进行预热并实现完全气化, 在催化剂床层上部的石英棉的 上面还填充有 0.5mL的石英砂。本发明使用模拟的典型精制乳酸发酵产物, 即重量浓度为 35.7% ( 10摩尔%) 的乳酸水溶液作为反应原料。
在把反应原料输入到反应器之前, 以流量为 15.5mL/min的干燥氮气, 在 360°C的温度下对反应器中的催化剂进行 1小时的预热处理。气体流量利 用质量流量计进行调节。 接着, 利用微型液体注射泵将液体反应原料由存 储原料的容器输入到反应器中。 同时, 在反应器的入口通入作为载气的氣 气 (流量: 15.5mL/min), 帮助反应原料平稳通过催化剂床层。 在反应器的 出口设置有"冰 -水"冷阱, 以便在其中冷凝捕集反应的产物; 在这个冷阱的 后面还设置有一个盛有适量水的气体净化瓶, 以便将逃逸出冷阱的少量轻 质产物捕集到水中。 在反应过程中, 每隔 1 小时收集一次冷凝物, 并通过 气相色谱(安捷伦 HP7890色谱)分析其组成。该气相色谱以岛津制作所制 的毛细管 HiCap CBP20-S25-050 (内径 0.32mmX长度 25m) 作为分离柱、 FID作为检测器。 通过在冷凝物添加 2-丙醇作为内标物质, 实现了对产物 的定量分析'。
对反应过程进行的物料衡算表明, 气相色谱分析很难定量检测乳酸。 特别地, 当冷凝物中未反应的乳酸的浓度不足 15wt%时, 上述的气相色谱 分析根本就检测不到乳酸。 通过设置有 Metmsep A supp5 柱的离子色谱 (Metrohm 761 ) 能够准确测定未反应的乳酸的量。
基于气相色谱和离子色谱的测定结果, 根据下述计算式, 计算出乳酸 转化率 (LA转化率)、 丙烯酸选择性 (AA选择性)、 丙烯酸收率 (AA收 率)。
LA转化率 (%) = (反应中消耗掉的乳酸的摩尔数) I (输入到反应器 的乳酸的摩尔数) x ioo
AA选择性 (%) = (反应中生成的丙烯酸中的碳原子的摩尔数) / (反 应中消耗掉的乳酸中的碳原子的摩尔数) x ioo
AA收率 (%) =LA转化率 X AA选择性 /100
表 1给出了催化剂 1-6的组成,以及使用分别填充有这些催化剂的固定 床反应器进行乳酸脱水反应制备丙烯酸的结果; 表 2给出了使用分别填充 有催化剂 7-12的固定床反应器中乳酸脱水制备丙烯酸反应的结果。 其中, 催化剂 1-4、7-12上的反应结果是基于在反应开始后第 7-8小时的 1小时内, 对捕集到的冷凝物进行分析的结果; 催化剂 6上的反应结果是基于在反应 开始后第 5-6小时的 1小时内, 对捕集到的冷凝物进行分析的结果。
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 2
Figure imgf000014_0001
使用了 β型沸石的催化剂 (催化剂 1-5), 与使用了 Υ型沸石的催化剂 (催化剂 6)相比, 丙烯酸收率均变得更高。 即使在 β型沸石中, 与只含有 钠离子作为交换阳离子的催化剂 4相比, 同时含有钠离子和钾离子的催化 剂 1-3明显提高了丙烯酸的收率。 其中, 与 Si/Al摩尔比为 28的催化剂 2、 3相比, Si/Al摩尔比为 19和 17的催化剂 1和 4显示出特别高的丙烯酸收 率。
以市售的商品羟基磷灰石和焙烧温度为 700 °C的自制羟基磷灰石为催 化剂 (催化剂 11、 12) 时, 丙烯酸的收率低于 15%。 .但是, 使用焙烧温度 低于 600°C的自制羟基磷灰石为催化剂(催化剂 7-9)所得到的丙烯酸收率, 与使用了 β型沸石的催化剂 1-3相当。 工业实用性
本发明可以以高收率由乳酸制备丙烯酸。 由于乳酸是可再生生物资源, 因此, 如果能够以乳酸为原料有效地制备丙烯酸, 就可能对温室气体减排 作出贡献。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂, 其特征在于, 该催化剂含有 β型沸石。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其特征在于, 所述 β型沸石含有选 自碱金属离子和碱土金属离子中的至少一种阳离子。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其特征在于, 所述 β型沸石含有选 自碱金属离子和碱土金属离子中的至少两种阳离子。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其特征在于, 所述 ( 型沸石含有钠 离子和钾离子。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其特征在于, 所述 β型沸石的 Si/Al 摩尔比为 30以下。
6、根据权利要求 4所述的催化剂, 其特征在于, 所述 β型沸石的 Si/Al 摩尔比为 20以下。
7、 一种用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂, 其特征在于, 该催化剂含有 羟基磷灰石。
8、 根据权利要求 7 所述的催化剂, 其特征在于, 所述羟基磷灰石的 Ca /P摩尔比为 5/3, 焙烧温度范围为 360-600°C。
9、 一种丙烯酸的制备方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括在权利要求 1-8 中任意一项所述的催化剂的存在下, 使乳酸脱水得到丙烯酸的催化工艺。
PCT/CN2012/082340 2011-09-28 2012-09-28 用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂以及使用该催化剂制备丙烯酸的方法 WO2013044854A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110295891.4 2011-09-28
CN 201110295891 CN103007997A (zh) 2011-09-28 2011-09-28 用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂以及使用该催化剂制备丙烯酸的方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013044854A1 true WO2013044854A1 (zh) 2013-04-04

Family

ID=47957429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2012/082340 WO2013044854A1 (zh) 2011-09-28 2012-09-28 用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂以及使用该催化剂制备丙烯酸的方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN103007997A (zh)
WO (1) WO2013044854A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104399519B (zh) * 2014-10-29 2017-12-26 清华大学 用于乳酸脱水制取丙烯酸的沸石催化剂及其制备方法
FR3029805B1 (fr) * 2014-12-10 2017-01-13 Centre Nat Rech Scient Production d'acides ou d'esters d'acides carboxyliques insatures avec un catalyseur a base d'halogeno-apatite
CN106946686A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-07-14 佛山慧创正元新材料科技有限公司 一种基于掺杂改性羟基磷灰石催化的丙烯酸的制备方法
CN116371461B (zh) * 2023-03-31 2024-09-13 北京化工大学 催化乳酸酯脱水制丙烯酸酯的沸石催化剂及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1120976A (zh) * 1995-08-16 1996-04-24 南开大学 一种用于制备苯乙烯和乙苯的催化剂
CN101462044A (zh) * 2009-01-12 2009-06-24 中国石化扬子石油化工有限公司 一种生产巴豆醛用的催化剂
WO2011052178A1 (ja) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 株式会社サンギ 不飽和カルボン酸および/またはその誘導体の合成方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1120976A (zh) * 1995-08-16 1996-04-24 南开大学 一种用于制备苯乙烯和乙苯的催化剂
CN101462044A (zh) * 2009-01-12 2009-06-24 中国石化扬子石油化工有限公司 一种生产巴豆醛用的催化剂
WO2011052178A1 (ja) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 株式会社サンギ 不飽和カルボン酸および/またはその誘導体の合成方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103007997A (zh) 2013-04-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
RU2643969C2 (ru) Однореакторный способ синтеза cu-ssz-13, соединение, полученное с помощью способа, и его использование
US10526208B2 (en) Method for preparing the silicoaluminate form of the AEI zeolite structure with high yields, and its application in catalysis
CN105517954A (zh) 含有磷的aei型沸石及其制造方法
US7718829B2 (en) Production method of acrolein
RU2656599C2 (ru) Способ карбонилирования диметилового эфира
Zhang et al. Na 2 HPO 4-modified NaY nanocrystallites: efficient catalyst for acrylic acid production through lactic acid dehydration
CN105692644A (zh) 一种制备多级孔沸石的方法
CN103191776A (zh) Zsm-5分子筛催化剂的制备方法
WO2013044854A1 (zh) 用于由乳酸制备丙烯酸的催化剂以及使用该催化剂制备丙烯酸的方法
CN103007983A (zh) 一种用于甲醇制汽油的hzsm-5分子筛催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN101269819B (zh) 含介孔结构的zsm-5分子筛的制备方法
Liu Conversion of harmful fly ash residue to zeolites: innovative processes focusing on maximum activation, extraction, and utilization of aluminosilicate
Zhang et al. Enhanced selectivity in the conversion of glycerol to pyridine bases over HZSM-5/11 intergrowth zeolite
CN104549435A (zh) 一种稀土改性的zsm-5分子筛催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN104174417B (zh) 磷酸铝催化剂及其制备和应用
CN103073019A (zh) 一种多级孔沸石分子筛的制备方法
CN101239325B (zh) 蒙脱土/zsm-5分子筛复合材料及其制备方法
CN110105190B (zh) 基于乳酸酯水溶液的丙烯酸的制备方法
CN104768645A (zh) 基于硼沸石的催化剂的制备
CN109420520A (zh) 一种多级结构zsm-5沸石分子筛催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN104761476A (zh) 一种二甲基硫醚的制备方法
CN107790173A (zh) 一种制备二甲基硫醚的催化剂以及合成二甲基硫醚的方法
CN102839010A (zh) 一种同时具有酸性和碱性的改性镁铝尖晶石的制备方法
CN100548488C (zh) 乙苯氧化脱氢催化剂
CN105540605B (zh) 一种合成富铝Beta沸石的方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12835381

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12835381

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1