WO2013041039A1 - 大分子物质清洁燃用方法及装置 - Google Patents
大分子物质清洁燃用方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013041039A1 WO2013041039A1 PCT/CN2012/081714 CN2012081714W WO2013041039A1 WO 2013041039 A1 WO2013041039 A1 WO 2013041039A1 CN 2012081714 W CN2012081714 W CN 2012081714W WO 2013041039 A1 WO2013041039 A1 WO 2013041039A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/38—Multi-hearth arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/60—Combustion in a catalytic combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/26—Biowaste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50002—Burning with downwards directed draft through the waste mass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biomass gasification combustion method and apparatus, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for efficient cleaning and burning of macromolecular substances, and belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency clean combustion utilization. Background technique:
- Macromolecular substances include industrial wastes such as biomass and solid organic domestic waste and used tires. They are renewable energy substances. How to enable them to achieve efficient clean conversion and utilization has always been a hot research topic for science and technology workers all over the world.
- biomass tar includes pyrolysis and catalytic cracking.
- waste gasification incineration although "garbage gasification incineration” is the ultimate realization of solid organic waste”
- the existing technology can not avoid the production of highly toxic toxic substances such as dioxin, which makes the waste incineration treatment in various countries in the world difficult.
- the Chinese Patent No. 200810056512. 4 "a particulate fuel combustion method and a combustion device" cannot form a sufficient amount of a stable red hot carbon residue layer, and the pyrolysis gas of the particulate fuel has a considerable Part of the un-cracked, but in the form of tar-like macromolecular gaseous substances across its red hot carbon slag layer and directly into its "flame burning zone", so the secondary pollution of soot and tar will be inevitable.
- the Chinese invention patent number is 200410098604.
- "Biomass low N0 X combustion device and combustion method” although it has a good effect in reducing the N0 X emission, but it is from the pyrolysis chamber.
- a considerable part of the pyrolysis gas is not cracked, but mainly in the form of tar-like macromolecular gaseous substances, through its "communication port” directly into its set “combustion chamber”, so its soot and tar secondary Pollution is also inevitable.
- the Chinese invention patent No. 200610088987. 2 "the coal-burning furnace and coal combustion method for reducing the emission of coal-fired pollutants” adopts a double furnace type structure, the equipment cost is high, the degree of automation is low, and the operation is very troublesome. It can be used for manual coal combustion. It is not suitable for the combustion of biomass with high water content and solid organic waste. Otherwise, the pollution of soot and tar will be very serious, or even not working properly.
- Chinese invention patent application number is 200910043224.
- X integrated composite gasification furnace
- its anoxic combustion zone is a conical narrow space, resulting in less content, easy to burn, difficult to form temperature Accumulate and produce a sufficient amount of red hot carbon slag layer, so that the primary combustion products from its anoxic combustion zone are easy to form non-combustible flue gas mainly composed of co 2 ; and the heat from its "furnace dry distillation layer and dry layer” Degassing, and because it can not obtain the catalytic cracking of red hot carbon residue, most of them still directly enter the "outlet chamber” in the form of tar-like macromolecular substances, so that a large amount of tar-like macromolecular substances "enter the gas and gas together""Gasstove” will inevitably produce secondary pollution of tar, and only dry materials can be used. If the moisture content of the materials used is high, the secondary pollution of soot and tar will be more serious, or even impossible. jobs.
- Chinese invention patent application number is 201010152803. 0 "household suction type tar-free biomass gasification direct combustion furnace" due to the addition of biomass from the upper part, the tar-like macromolecular substance in the pyrolysis gas is not cracked Directly enter its oxyfuel Burning area, so the secondary pollution of soot and tar will be inevitable, and only dry materials can be used. If the moisture content of the materials used is high, the secondary pollution of soot and tar will be more serious, or even not working at all. .
- the object of the present invention is to provide a dry material and a wet material according to the deficiencies of the prior art, and the process is simple, the cost is low, the operation is stable, the use is convenient, the fire speed is fast, and the operation cost is Small, non-produced tar wastewater, smokeless dust and tar pollution, and can achieve zero emission of "dioxin" in the process of waste incineration. It has the dual functions of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental friendliness. Compared with fossil energy, it has obvious comparable economy. And it is a highly safe cleaning method and device for operating macromolecules that are very safe to operate.
- a method for efficient cleaning and burning of macromolecular substances comprising the following process steps:
- Step (1) adding a certain amount of biomass carbon residue or charcoal or coke or a mixture thereof to the first combustion air at below its theoretical oxygen demand for anaerobic combustion to produce the first gaseous substance , the fly ash and the red hot carbon slag layer, the first gaseous substance mainly comprises C0, 3 ⁇ 4 and N 2 ; the first gaseous substance and the fly ash are in an electronically excited state;
- Step (2) introducing the heat generated by the anaerobic combustion into the macromolecular substance, preheating and drying, and separating out part of the water, thereby increasing the reaction temperature and promoting pyrolysis gasification to produce the second a gaseous substance and a carbon residue, the second gaseous substance comprising "dioxin" and I or other "tar" macromolecular substances and a part of small molecule combustible gas and a small amount of water vapor;
- Step (3) using red hot carbon slag as a cracking catalyst, introducing a second gaseous substance into the red hot carbon slag layer for catalytic catalytic cracking to generate a third gaseous substance and fly ash;
- Gaseous substances do not contain "dioxin” and other "tar" macromolecules, but contain a certain amount of small molecule hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and some organic small molecule radicals; the third gaseous state Both the substance and the fly ash are in an electronically excited state;
- Step (4) combining the third gaseous substance in an electronically excited state with the fly ash and the first gaseous substance and the fly ash, and mixing and insulating into the oxygen-rich combustion zone to be added to the higher than the theoretical oxygen demand.
- the second combustion air is subjected to oxy-combustion combustion or heat recovery at the same time; or the third gaseous substance is combined with the fly ash and the first gaseous substance and the fly ash, and after being insulated and dusted, the heat is introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion zone to Adding the second combustion air above the theoretical oxygen demand for oxyfuel combustion or At the same time, heat recovery is performed to control the temperature of the combustion product above the melting point of the fly ash, or to control the temperature of the combustion product above the melting point of the fly ash and below the temperature at which the thermal nitrogen oxide N0 X is generated to generate slag and a fourth gaseous substance; the fourth gaseous substance is also in an electronically excited state;
- step (4) the first gaseous substance and the third gaseous substance are completely burned, and the fly ash is not generated in a large amount or the N0 X and the fly ash are not generated in a large amount;
- Step (5) discharging the fourth gaseous substance directly into the atmosphere or after being washed by water and I or heat recovered, and discharged into the atmosphere;
- step (2) "preheating and drying, and separating part of the water” means that the macromolecular substance contains water, and most of the heat is vaporized and vaporized.
- the form is separated from the material and discharged directly into the atmosphere; or the vaporized water mixed with the small molecule combustible gas is separated from the material in the form of mixed water vapor and directly introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion zone described in the step (4) to realize
- the endothermic cooling of water vapor is combined with automatic separation and instant complete combustion of small molecule combustible gas; or the vaporized water mixed with small molecular combustible gas is separated from the material in the form of mixed water vapor and is higher than its theoretical oxygen demand.
- the third combustion air is sufficiently premixed and then introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion zone described in the step (4) to achieve gas-to-gas conversion and endothermic cooling of the water vapor and instantaneous complete combustion of the small molecule combustible gas;
- the small molecule combustible vaporized water is separated from the material in the form of mixed water vapor, and after being liquefied and automatically separated by water vapor, it is sufficiently premixed with the third combustion air above its theoretical oxygen demand, and then guide Into the oxygen-rich combustion zone described in step (4), to achieve a small amount of water vapor gas conversion and endothermic cooling and instant complete combustion of small molecule combustible gas;
- the "third gaseous substance does not contain 'dioxin' and other 'tar' macromolecules" as described in step (3) is by controlling the temperature of the red hot carbon slag layer and the second gaseous substance
- the residence time in the red hot carbon slag layer is achieved by controlling the first amount of combustion air, the effective thickness of the red hot carbon slag layer, and the moisture content of the second gaseous material;
- the effective thickness of the red hot carbon slag layer Refers to the thickness of the carbon residue actually flowing through the red hot carbon slag layer;
- the temperature of the red hot carbon residue layer in step (1) or step (3) is 850 ° C;
- (2) or "dioxin" as described in step (3) includes "dioxin" and its precursors;
- the "first gaseous substance and the third gaseous substance are completely burned" described in the step (4) is by controlling the supply amount of the second combustion air, that is, the excess air ratio of the second combustion air and the first, The degree of mixing of the third gaseous substance with the second combustion air is achieved; at the same time, the "not generating a large amount of fly ash or generating a large amount of N0 !
- ⁇ P fly ash as described in the step (4) is controlled by The temperature of the combustion products in the oxy-combustion zone is achieved; at the same time the "heat recovery" described in step (iv) is directed to the direct heat recovery of the oxygen-rich combustion zone filled with mixed steam and I or by means of a partition wall heat exchanger Indirect heat recovery performed;
- the "water” in the “washing purification” described in the step (5) includes ordinary tap water and an acid, a base, and a brine solution;
- the supply amount of the third combustion air and/or the second combustion air is appropriate, and it is also possible to determine whether or not the oxyfuel combustion achieves flameless or short flame combustion without black smoke generation.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device comprises an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber, characterized in that: an oxygen supply device is arranged on the anoxic combustion chamber And a combustion product outlet; a dust removal chamber is disposed on the primary combustion product outlet; an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber is disposed on the dust chamber and/or the heat insulation conduit disposed on the dust chamber; a secondary oxygen supply device is disposed on the gas path of the combustion product outlet to the oxygen-rich combustion chamber; a ash chamber is disposed directly below the anoxic combustion chamber; and the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber and/or the oxygen-rich combustion chamber a heat recovery device is disposed; a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber are sequentially disposed directly above the anoxic combustion chamber; and an insulation insulation is disposed around the outer side of the dust removal chamber, the anoxic combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber, and the drying chamber a layer, at the same time, providing access to the
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device comprises an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber, characterized in that: an oxygen supply device is arranged on the anoxic combustion chamber Providing a grate, a primary combustion product outlet, an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber and a ash chamber directly below the anoxic combustion chamber, and providing a secondary combustion product outlet on the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber; a secondary oxygen supply device is disposed on the gas grid on the grate and the first or first combustion product outlet to the oxygen-rich combustion chamber; a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber are sequentially disposed directly above the anoxic combustion chamber, and The drying chamber is provided with a water vapor separation and discharge device to the atmosphere and I or to the oxygen-rich combustion chamber; the drying chamber, the pyrolysis chamber, the anoxic combustion chamber, the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber and the ash chamber are connected And providing an insulating insulation layer around the outside of the drying chamber, the
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device comprises an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber, characterized in that: an oxygen supply device is arranged on the anoxic combustion chamber Providing a grate, a primary combustion product outlet, an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, and a water washing and dusting chamber directly under the anoxic combustion chamber, and providing a secondary combustion product outlet on the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, and The secondary combustion product outlet is located below the liquid level of the water washing and dusting chamber; and a secondary oxygen supply device is disposed on the gas grid and/or the primary combustion product outlet to the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber; a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber are disposed in front of the anoxic combustion chamber; and a water vapor separation and discharge device to the atmosphere and/or to the oxygen-rich combustion chamber is disposed on the drying chamber; a drying chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber and
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device comprises an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber, characterized in that: an oxygen supply device is arranged on the anoxic combustion chamber Providing a primary combustion product outlet and an oxygen-rich combustion chamber directly above the anoxic combustion chamber, and disposed on the primary combustion product outlet and/or the primary combustion product outlet to the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber a secondary oxygen supply device; a pyrolysis chamber, a drying chamber and a feeding device are arranged in sequence under the anoxic combustion chamber; the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, the anoxic combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber and the drying chamber are connected; And providing a heat recovery device at the drying chamber, on the pyrolysis chamber, on the anoxic combustion chamber, on the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, and in the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber; in the anoxic combustion chamber, the heat a heat insulating layer is arranged around the outer side of the decontamination chamber and the drying chamber
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device comprises an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber, wherein the anoxic combustion chamber is a sloped combustion chamber, and
- the inclined combustion chamber is provided with a primary oxygen supply device; a primary combustion product outlet and an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber are sequentially disposed directly above the inclined combustion chamber, and at the primary combustion product outlet and/or the primary combustion product a secondary oxygen supply device is disposed on the gas path exiting the oxygen-rich combustion chamber;
- a pyrolysis chamber, a drying chamber and a feeding device are sequentially disposed on a side opposite to the inner wall of the inclined bottom plate of the inclined combustion chamber;
- An oxygen combustion chamber, an anoxic combustion chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, and a drying chamber are in communication, and are located on the drying chamber, on the pyrolysis chamber, on the anoxic combustion chamber, on the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber, and in the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber or
- N0 X is one of the main pollutants that produce photochemical smog, acid rain, causing water and air pollution
- N0 X floating in the atmosphere not only damages plants, but also has toxicity to animals. Therefore, the present inventors have proposed to implement the specific device of the method of the present invention, in addition to ensuring that all of its inventions are achieved, and strive to avoid or reduce the secondary pollution of N0 X as much as possible. For this reason, especially for N0 x and its related cases.
- the description is as follows in order to better understand the entire contents of the present invention:
- N0 X includes a nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide, N0 2 and nitrous oxide N 2 0, N0 X majority of the material produced in the combustion process NO accounts for about 90% or more, N0 2 accounts for about 5% to 10%, while 0 only accounts for about 1%.
- N0 X is the fuel type N0 X which is formed by oxidation of nitrogen compounds in fuel during combustion of fuel. It is the main source of N0 X.
- the thermal type N0 X produced by the nitrogen in the air staying in a high temperature aerobic environment above 1500 °C is the second largest source of N0 X ;
- the third is that the nitrogen in the air has a high temperature of 1170-1460 ° C. oxygen environment and at great speed generated on the premise that the organic radical CH participation type N0 X fast, a secondary source of N0 X, accounting for about 5% N0 X total amounts of the following.
- the carbon residue has a high porosity, a large specific surface area, and a small moisture content
- temperature accumulation can be instantaneously formed near the carbon residue portion of the fire source, and a surface high temperature of 1000-1200 ° C is generated.
- the fly ash near the oxygen injection port becomes slag and is automatically separated from the combustion products, and on the other hand, the carbon residue in the entire anoxic combustion chamber is quickly turned into red heat.
- the carbon residue layer so that a large number of activated carbon atoms in the free state are generated in the pores of the carbon residue, and these activated carbon atoms collide with another part of the oxygen radicals diffused from the surface of the carbon residue, due to oxygen radicals in the pores of the carbon residue
- the concentration is relatively low, and as a result of its intense collision with oxygen radicals, it eventually escapes the surface of the carbon residue in the form of CO molecules.
- the carbon residue since the carbon residue has a high porosity and a large specific surface area, the number of CO molecules that escape the surface of the carbon residue per unit time is much higher than the CO 2 fraction directly generated on the surface of the carbon residue near the oxygen injection port.
- Sub-number additionally, CO 2 molecules generated on the surface of the carbon residue and part of the fuel type N0 X which may be generated by fuel combustion and a small amount of 3 ⁇ 40 molecules entering with the combustion air, and the hot carbon residue in the reducing atmosphere of the red hot carbon residue
- the reduction reaction takes place and is finally reduced to C0, 3 ⁇ 4 and N 2 through a series of complicated chemical processes. Therefore, the biomass carbon residue or charcoal or coke of the present invention or a mixture thereof is incompletely burned, instantaneously. It can produce a sufficient amount of small molecule combustible gas and form a red hot carbon slag layer, thus having the advantages of fast fire speed, starting smokeless dust, and the like, and can effectively prevent the generation of fuel type N0 X.
- the bound water and the free water in the macromolecular substance begin to compete for the intermolecular van der Waals force and the gasification escapes.
- the macromolecular material mainly releases water vapor outward, and when most of its combined water and free water are vaporized, the macromolecular substance rapidly heats up. about
- those small molecules that combine hydrogen and van der Waals forces in macromolecular matter begin to compete for the intermolecular van der Waals forces and their hydrogen-health constraints to escape.
- the macromolecular material begins to depolymerize and the weak begins to break.
- the temperature rises to 400-50 (TC) the macromolecular substances are all depolymerized into unsaturated organic macromonomer compounds and some small molecule hydrocarbons, thereby producing a large amount of tar-containing macromolecular gaseous substances and parts.
- Pyrolysis gas of small molecule combustible gas and small amount of water vapor including phenols, acetic acid, methanol, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc.
- the present invention does not introduce the obtained pyrolysis gas into the burner or introduces it after "condensation purification".
- the "oxygen catalytic cracking" product contains a certain amount of organic small molecule radicals and is in an electronically excited state, this "small molecule radical” will bind to the growing chain molecule once it leaves the high temperature region of the cracking reaction. And releasing heat to re-form the tar-like macromolecular substance. Therefore, the present invention does not directly use the small-molecule flammable gas as a stable state, and directly introduces it into a low-temperature gas storage tank for storage, or introduces it into the combustion by using a common condensing gas guiding device.
- the insulation is introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion zone or after being insulated and dust-removed, and then introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion zone, and the combustion air is added to the oxyfuel combustion at a temperature higher than the theoretical oxygen demand.
- Combustible mixture all of which are small molecules of flammable gas or organic small molecule radicals that have been in an electronically excited state. They do not need to undergo secondary cleavage of tar-like macromolecules in the oxy-combustion zone, and can directly occur with oxygen radicals.
- the present invention has the following functions and advantages:
- FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are schematic diagrams showing internal structures of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth embodiments of the present invention, which are the second type of implementation of the present invention. Five specific implementations in the programme;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a ninth embodiment of the present invention, which is a specific embodiment of the third type of embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are schematic diagrams showing internal structures of the tenth and eleventh embodiments of the present invention, which are two specific embodiments of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the pyrolysis or combustion product temperature and the excess air ratio and the gasification product effective coefficient of a macromolecular substance in the first type of embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3; Is the pyrolysis or combustion product of a certain macromolecular substance in the second, third and fourth types of embodiments shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
- the upper abscissa indicates the effective coefficient of the gasification product, and the equivalent ratio of the small molecule combustible gas including the organic small molecule radical and its theoretical gasification value obtained by actual gasification of a certain amount of macromolecular substance is represented by ⁇ ;
- the ordinate indicates the pyrolysis or combustion product temperature of the macromolecular substance, expressed in degrees Celsius;
- Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 and Q 5 represent the macromolecular substance in the AB or AB ' segment, BC or B 'C segment, CD or C 'D segment, DD ' or The amount of combustion air obtained by DE or 05 1 or 05 'segment and DD 's segment;
- "1 # , via 2 # , and 3 # " respectively indicate that the 1 # heat energy recovery device, the 2 # heat energy recovery device, and the 3 after the temperature characteristics of the heat recovery device # cooling;
- by the water vapor means a temperature of the mixed steam heat recovery characteristics after direct cooling;
- FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are schematic diagrams showing the process blocks of two different embodiments of the present invention, respectively, but the heat transfer and indirect heat energy recovery processes are not indicated in the drawings.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 1, includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6),
- the utility model is characterized in that: a ash chamber (33) and a primary oxygen supply device (34) are arranged on a central axis directly below the anoxic combustion chamber (1); and an upper portion of the anoxic combustion chamber (1) is arranged.
- a combustion product outlet (24) and an annular air passage (4) are provided in turn; and an air outlet (17) and a dust chamber (28) are sequentially disposed on one side of the annular air passage (4);
- An infrared burning burner (19) is disposed on an upper portion of the dust removing chamber (28), an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) is disposed in the burner (19), and an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) is provided.
- said I s thermal energy recovery device (18) is a common wok on which the burner (19) oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) is placed during normal operation; a secondary oxygen supply device (26) is disposed in the dust removal chamber (28); a pyrolysis chamber (3) and a drying chamber (6) are sequentially disposed directly above the anoxic combustion chamber (1) and the three Between the straight-through structure; in the dust chamber (2 8) an insulating insulation layer (5) is arranged around the outer side of the anoxic combustion chamber (1), the pyrolysis chamber (3) and the drying chamber (6), and a furnace cover is arranged on the upper portion of the drying chamber (6).
- a water vapor separation and discharge device is provided to the furnace (19) oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20); the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) a combustion space located above the porous ceramic plate of the burner (19) and under the alloy wire mesh; the anoxic combustion chamber (1) is a lower space of the cylindrical inner furnace body (9); the heat The solution chamber (3) and the drying chamber (6) are respectively a lower half and an upper half space of a circular storage tank (10) coaxially disposed in an upper portion of the inner furnace body (9); The movable barrel is arranged between the barrel (10) and the inner furnace body (9).
- the storage tank (10) is taken out from the inner furnace body (9); the primary oxygen supply device (34) is provided by an oxygen supply ash outlet (31) disposed on the central axis of the bottom of the inner furnace body (9) a grooved ash chamber (33) surrounded by a steel plate, and a sealing cover (35) An integrated grate (32), an air inlet (36) communicating with the annular duct (30), and a fan (2) mounted on the annular duct (30); the ring
- the air passage (4) is composed of the inner furnace body (9) and a storage tank (10) coaxially disposed at an upper portion thereof, and is provided with an exhaust gas on an upper side of the annular air passage (4).
- the mouth (7) and the exhaust valve (8); the air outlet (17) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (9) adjacent to the dust removing chamber (28), and at the air outlet (17)
- a gas valve (23) is a line contact type manual gyro valve, which has the advantages of: flexible opening, high temperature resistance, and stepless adjustment of the gas supply amount
- the chamber (28) is a rectangular steel plate member disposed on one side of the inner furnace body (9), and is partitioned into left and right two parts by a suspended partition (21), and in the space on the right side thereof
- carbon particles are mainly used for recycling; at the same time, a ash outlet and a heat insulating cover (27) are arranged on the bottom side of the dust removing chamber (28); and the secondary oxygen supply device (26) is guided.
- the air duct (29), the secondary oxygen supply valve (25), the annular air duct (30) and the fan (2), the air duct (29) is a "7"-shaped metal conduit open at both ends, One end is abutted on the annular air passage (30), and the other end is disposed in the right space of the dust removal chamber (28) through the partition plate (21);
- the secondary oxygen supply valve (25) is Line contact type manual gyro valve;
- the water vapor separation and discharge device (15) is composed of an air guiding tube (16) and a steam valve (13) thereof and an oxygen supply tube (14) and a tertiary oxygen supply valve (12) .
- the high-efficiency clean burning method for the macromolecular substance used in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 14 and FIG. 16 includes the following process steps: [0051] Step (1): adding a certain amount of biomass carbon residue to the first combustion air below the theoretical oxygen demand for anaerobic combustion to generate the first gaseous substance, fly ash and red hot carbon slag layer
- the first gaseous substance mainly comprises carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen gas 3 ⁇ 4 and nitrogen gas N 2 ; the first gaseous substance and the fly ash are both in an electronically excited state;
- Step (2) introducing the heat generated by the anaerobic combustion into the macromolecular substance, preheating and drying, and separating part of the water, thereby increasing the reaction temperature and promoting pyrolysis gasification to generate the second gaseous state.
- the second gaseous substance comprising "dioxin" and/or other "tar" macromolecular substances and a part of small molecule combustible gas and a small amount of water vapor;
- Step (3) using red hot carbon slag as a cracking catalyst, introducing a second gaseous substance into the red hot carbon slag layer for catalytic catalytic cracking to generate a third gaseous substance and fly ash;
- Gaseous substances do not contain "dioxin” and other "tar" macromolecules, but contain a certain amount of small molecule hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and some organic small molecule radicals; the third gaseous state Both the substance and the fly ash are in an electronically excited state;
- Step (4) the third gaseous substance in an electronically excited state and the fly ash and the first gaseous substance and the fly ash are combined and mixed under the heat preservation condition, and then insulated and dusted, and then introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion zone. Adding the second combustion air to the oxy-enriched combustion above the theoretical oxygen demand, and performing heat recovery to control the temperature of the combustion product above the melting point of the fly ash and below the temperature at which the thermal nitrogen oxide N0 X is generated, thereby It is converted into slag and fourth gaseous matter as much as possible while reducing the formation of N0 X ;
- the first gaseous substance and the third gaseous substance are completely burned, and the N0 X and the fly ash are not generated in a large amount;
- Step (5) discharging the fourth gaseous substance after heat recovery directly into the atmosphere
- step (2) wherein, in the step (2), "preheating and drying, and separating part of the water” refers to the moisture content of the macromolecular substance, most of which is vaporized by absorption and will be mixed.
- the vaporized water with small molecular combustible gas is separated from the material in the form of mixed water vapor, and then fully premixed with the third combustion air above its theoretical oxygen demand, and then introduced into the rich described in step (4).
- Oxygen combustion zone to achieve gas conversion and endothermic cooling of water vapor and instant complete combustion of small molecule combustible gas;
- the "third gaseous substance does not contain 'dioxin' and other 'tar' macromolecular substances" described in the step (3) is controlled by the first combustion air amount, the red hot carbon residue layer
- the effective thickness and the moisture content of the second gaseous substance are achieved;
- the effective thickness of the red hot carbon residue layer refers to the thickness of the carbon residue actually flowing through the red hot carbon residue layer of the second gaseous substance;
- the "first gaseous substance and the third gaseous substance are completely combusted" described in the step (4) by controlling the supply amount of the second combustion air and the first and third gaseous substances and the second combustion air
- the degree of mixing is achieved, wherein "controlling the supply of the second combustion air” is achieved by controlling the secondary oxygen supply valve (25), wherein the tertiary oxygen supply valve (12) and the secondary oxygen supply valve are judged (25) Whether the control is appropriate is based on the oxyfuel combustion of the furnace (19) oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), whether flameless combustion is achieved and no black smoke is produced; and in step (4) The "not a large amount of !!
- fly ash is achieved by controlling the temperature of the combustion products of the furnace (19) rich oxygen combustion chamber (20), and the "burner (19) oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20)
- the temperature of the combustion product is, in turn, charged to the furnace (19) oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) by direct heat recovery by mixing the mixed steam that has been completely premixed with the third combustion air, and head (19) on the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) of the general formula 1 # heat recovery pan (18) while indirect heat recovery Achieved.
- FIG. 14 has three curves showing the relationship between pyrolysis or combustion product temperature and ⁇ and ⁇ of a macromolecular substance in different states, wherein:
- the third curve ABCDD ' _E represents the pyrolysis or combustion product temperature curve of the macromolecular substance in the ordinary non-adiabatic state after the direct heat recovery of the mixed water vapor and the indirect heat recovery of the 1 # thermal energy recovery device.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 14 Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 14 together, wherein the 8, (0, 0', D, and E points shown in FIG. 1 and A, B, C, D, and D in FIG. ', D ⁇ and E points have a one-to-one correspondence.
- the amount of combustion air obtained from the biomass carbon residue of the macromolecular substance in the CD segment is smaller than the theoretical air amount, ⁇ ⁇ 1, Biomass carbon residue is in anoxic combustion state in the CD segment, and its combustion product temperature is often maintained at 850-900 °C and increases with the increase of ⁇ , but the increase is not large, indicating that there is anoxic combustion in the CD segment.
- the reaction process is: combustion air from the fan (2), through the annular duct (30), the air inlet (36) and The ash chamber (33) finally enters the anoxic combustion chamber (1) through the oxygen supply ash outlet (31) through the grate (32).
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 the biomass located in the anoxic combustion chamber (1) When carbon residue is burned by lack of oxygen, it can produce enough small molecules to ignite in an instant.
- the gas mainly ⁇ and 3 ⁇ 4, emits heat, so that the burner (19) is quickly ignited and the smokeless dust is activated. Under normal circumstances, the fire time is generally no more than 1 minute.
- the non-combustible inorganic substance is converted into fly ash near the oxygen supply ash discharge port (31), that is, near the first combustion air injection port, and forms slag at a high temperature of 1000-1200 ° C, and finally falls through oxygen supply.
- the mouth (31) automatically falls into the ash chamber (33);
- Extractable and produced in the temperature range of about 150-200 ° C near the B point of the BC section, in addition to some organic small molecule radicals derived from pyrolysis gas pyrolysis, It is generated in the temperature range of about 750-850 ° C near the point C of the BC section.
- the amount of pyrolysis gas produced by the BC segment is large, most of them are in the form of tar macromonomer compounds constituting lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, which are present in pyrolysis gas.
- the content of gas and organic small molecule radicals is small, so ⁇ is only 0.2, and the pyrolysis product temperature is often kept in the range of 150-850 °C.
- the newly added material in the AB section produces a large amount of water vapor due to the endothermic gasification of its moisture.
- the temperature of the gasification product is often maintained in the temperature range of 50-150 °C.
- the dynamic distribution of the upper and lower layers of the mixed gas is roughly formed from the top to the bottom in the storage tank (10), wherein the upper layer AB segment is The coexistence zone of water vapor and some small molecule combustible gas and newly added material, the lower BC segment is a coexistence zone of tar macromolecular gaseous substances and organic small molecule free radicals and semi-coke dry heat materials, because the gaseous products are all Accumulated in the storage tank (10), as the pyrolysis gasification reaction of macromolecular substances in the barrel continues, the gaseous products increase continuously, and the gas pressure in the barrel gradually increases.
- the pyrolysis gasification of the macromolecular substance in the storage tank (10) and the "oxygen catalytic cracking" of the tar-like macromolecular gaseous substance in the anoxic combustion chamber (1) are continuously performed.
- the semi-coke dry heat material in the pyrolysis chamber (3) is gradually replaced by charcoal And into the lower part of the anoxic combustion chamber (1) to supplement the reaction consumption of the red hot carbon residue in the anoxic combustion chamber (1), resulting in the whole solid matter and gaseous substances in the storage tank (10)
- the amount and volume of water vapor accumulated in the upper layer of the storage tank (10) is also increasing and showing a downward expansion.
- the storage tank will be triggered (10).
- the upper layer of water vapor floods into the lower pyrolysis chamber (3), so that it finally enters the red hot carbon slag layer of the anoxic combustion chamber (1), resulting in normal pyrolysis gasification reaction in the pyrolysis chamber (3).
- the normal "oxygen catalytic cracking" reaction in the red hot carbon slag layer collapses, and the tar waste water is thus produced, thereby causing a large amount of soot to be generated in the burner (19), or even unable to work normally, and only smoke does not catch fire. Bad situation.
- the present embodiment is provided with a water vapor separation and discharge device (15) on the upper furnace cover (11) of the storage tank (10). a steam valve (13) on the cover (11) and a tertiary oxygen supply valve (12), the water vapor accumulated in the upper portion of the storage tank (10) together with the small molecule combustible gas that may be entrained, and the third combustion air
- the furnace (19) oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) is introduced to realize the gas conversion and endothermic cooling of water vapor and the instant complete combustion of small molecule combustible gas, thereby effectively avoiding the various possibilities described above.
- the beneficial effect of this is that the mixed water vapor is introduced into the burner head (19), and the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) can realize the gas conversion of water vapor and increase the gas production amount, and can also be reduced by the high temperature of the water vapor.
- the thermal reaction effectively reduces the temperature of the oxy-combustion product, so that the temperature of the combustion product is controlled above the melting point of the fly ash and below the temperature at which the thermal type N0 X is generated, so that the gasification product does not generate a large amount in the process of oxyfuel combustion. N0 X and fly ash.
- the steam valve (13) should be placed in a "properly open” state to ensure that the water vapor in the furnace does not flow back into the pyrolysis chamber with the pyrolysis gas ( 3)
- the furnace is always kept at a certain pressure, which promotes the tar-like macromolecular gaseous substances, and the "oxygen catalytic cracking" in the red hot carbon slag layer can be stably and stably carried out.
- a small molecule combustible gas mixture from an anoxic combustion chamber (1) includes a first gaseous substance, a third gaseous substance, and fly ash, in this embodiment, a primary combustion product outlet ( 24), the annular air passage (4) and the air outlet (17) are introduced into the dust removal chamber (28) by heat preservation, and after the majority of the fly ash is removed by the dust removal chamber (28), the second air supply device (26) is supplied The second combustion air is sufficiently premixed and finally introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) located in the upper furnace head (19) of the dust removal chamber (28) for oxyfuel combustion.
- the mixed water vapor from the drying chamber (6) and completely premixed with the third combustion air is introduced into the burner (19) oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), and at the same time said burner (19) provided with oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) # 1 heat recovery (18), so that the burner (19) of the final combustion product temperature in the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), a 1700 ° C
- the E' point is instantaneously lowered to the E point of 1000 °C, so that the final combustion product temperature is successfully controlled above the melting point of the fly ash of about 800 °C, and the thermal type of 1500 °C !!
- the secondary pollution of fly ash and N0 X is reduced to a minimum, achieving high efficiency and environmental friendliness.
- the device is always operated at a low pressure or a normal pressure, and its small molecule combustible gas is ready-to-use, its operation is very safe.
- the beneficial effect of the embodiment is that: since the furnace head (19) provided in the present example is an infrared balanced combustion burner, the temperature of the burner head is high and the balance is stable. Therefore, when the abnormality occurs in this embodiment, Induction of heat into the small-molecule combustible mixture of the furnace (19) oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), even if a small amount of tar-like macromolecular gaseous substances are entrained, secondary cracking and complete combustion can be realized, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of tar Secondary pollution.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 2, comprising an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6),
- the difference of the embodiment is that the movable connection between the storage tank (10) and the inner furnace body (9) is set outside the upper part of the inner furnace body (9).
- the annular water tank (38) is realized by a sealing ring (39) that abuts the upper portion of the storage tank (10) and projects into the bottom of the annular water tank (38).
- the storage bucket (10) can be pushed by the handle provided on the furnace cover (11). Rotating in the inner furnace body (9) to reduce the normal gas production with the animal material as a whole, except that the rest is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the method for efficiently cleaning and burning a macromolecular substance used in the embodiment has the same process steps as in the first embodiment.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 3, comprising an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), Compared with the first embodiment, the difference of the embodiment is that the inner furnace body (9) is integrated with the storage tank (10), and a one-way air passage (41) is provided on one side thereof.
- the one-way air passage (41) is provided with an air outlet (17), and a one-way air passage (40) is disposed directly below the one-way air passage (41), and the dust chamber (28) is disposed at One side of the one-way air passage (41), and six baffles (22) are disposed in the right space of the dust removal chamber (28), except for the arrangement of the lower two baffles and [Embodiment 1] Similarly, the other four baffles (22) are combined into a funnel shape and placed on the air outlet of the secondary oxygen supply device (26), except that the rest are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the high-efficiency clean burning method for the macromolecular substance used in the embodiment has the same process steps as in the first embodiment.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 6, includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6),
- the utility model is characterized in that: a primary oxygen supply device (34) is arranged on the anoxic combustion chamber (1); a grate (32) and a primary combustion product are arranged in sequence directly below the anoxic combustion chamber (1).
- An outlet (24), an oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), and a ash chamber (33), and a secondary oxygen supply device is disposed on the gas path of the primary combustion product outlet (24) to the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) ( 26); a pyrolysis chamber (3) and a drying chamber (6) are sequentially disposed directly above the anoxic combustion chamber (1); the ash chamber (33), the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), The anoxic combustion chamber (1), the pyrolysis chamber (3) and the drying chamber (6) are connected and a through structure, and a secondary combustion product outlet (44) is disposed on the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), and a connecting flange (43) and heat resistance are sequentially disposed on the secondary combustion product outlet (44).
- a furnace cover (11) is arranged on the drying chamber (6), and a water vapor separation and discharge device (15) to the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) is arranged on the furnace cover (11);
- Water vapor separation and draining device (15) consists of air guiding pipe (16), steam valve (13), oxygen supply pipe (14), tertiary oxygen supply valve (12), multi-function centralized control valve (42) and fan (2) composition.
- the high-efficiency clean burning method for the macromolecular substance used in the embodiment as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 15, and FIG. 17, the process steps are different from the third embodiment, the difference is that the embodiment is In the step (4), the first gaseous substance and the fly ash and the third gaseous substance and the fly ash are immediately insulated into the oxygen-rich combustion zone in the form of a small-molecule combustible mixture, and the second combustion-supporting The air is mixed and burned in the instant, which eliminates the process of heat preservation and dust removal and heat preservation of the small molecule combustible mixture, thus completely avoiding the small organic radicals in the small molecule combustible mixture, in the process of heat preservation and dust removal and heat preservation.
- the combustion mode of small-molecule combustible mixture in the oxy-combustion zone is characterized by air-mixed flame combustion, as shown in the DE section of the ABCDE temperature curve in Figure 15,
- Complete combustion is achieved at 15 o'clock; in addition, as shown by the ABCDE temperature profile in Fig.
- this embodiment not only performs direct heat recovery and indirect heat of mixed water vapor when the final gasification product is subjected to oxyfuel combustion. Recycling, and in the process of drying, pyrolysis and anaerobic combustion of macromolecular substances, an indirect heat recovery is also carried out at the same time; compared with [Example 3], the beneficial effects are as follows: The second gaseous substance containing the tar-like macromolecular substance from the pyrolysis chamber (3), when flowing backward through the anoxic combustion chamber (1), has a larger contact area with the red hot carbon residue. The residence time is longer, so the cracking of the tar-like macromolecular substance is more complete.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 7, includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), Compared with [Fourth Embodiment], the difference in this embodiment is that it is in the ash chamber (33), the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), the anoxic combustion chamber (1), and the pyrolysis chamber (3). There is no indirect heat recovery device on the drying chamber (6), and the rest is the same as [Example 4].
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), [] compared with the fourth embodiment differs from the present embodiment is that: in the combustion product outlet of the secondary (44) # 2 is also provided with heat recovery (55); the heat # 2
- the recovery device (55) is a water jacket (53); at the same time, a ash separator (46) is arranged in the ash chamber (33);
- the lower side of the mouth (44) is provided with a fire sight (54) and a heat insulating cover (27); and a heat insulating bucket (50) serving as a high groove is provided at an upper portion of the water jacket (53), in addition to The rest is the same as [Fourth Embodiment].
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 9, includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), Compared with [Fourth Embodiment], the present embodiment is different in that it is provided with a ash separator (46) in the ash chamber (33); on the secondary combustion product outlet (44) , in turn, a porous ceramic plate (57), a heat resistant alloy wire mesh (56), and a common fry pan type 2 # thermal energy recovery device (55); and at the same time, an upper portion of the water jacket (53) is used as a high position groove.
- the heat preservation bucket (50); the rest is the same as [Example 4].
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 10, comprising an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), Compared with the seventh embodiment, the difference in this embodiment is that the furnace cover (11) is not provided on the upper port of the drying chamber (6), but the preparation tank (60) is sequentially disposed above the upper portion of the drying chamber (6).
- a feed hopper (62), and a pneumatic valve (59) is simultaneously provided at the top and bottom of the preparation tank (60), while at the lower side of the pneumatic valve (59) at the top of the preparation tank (60) a compressed air introduction device (61); an annular air passage (4) is disposed on the upper port of the drying chamber (6); and an oxygen-rich combustion chamber is provided on the annular air passage (4) (20)
- a water washing and dusting chamber (also referred to as a ash chamber (33)) is provided. ) and in its a baffle (22), an overflow pipe (51), a water replenishing valve (58), a draining vane (47), and a mixed water vapor outlet (68), and a secondary combustion product of the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20)
- the high-efficiency clean burning method for the macromolecular substance used in the embodiment as shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 15 and FIG. 17, the process steps are different from those in the seventh embodiment: the difference is: from oxyfuel combustion
- the secondary combustion product after the direct heat recovery of the mixed water vapor and the indirect heat recovery and the secondary indirect heat recovery, that is, the fourth gaseous substance, in this embodiment, is then completely introduced into the cooling water for quenching.
- the water is washed and dedusted, so that the temperature of the secondary combustion products is instantaneously reduced to the G point of 100 °C from the point F of 700 °C as shown in Fig. 15, and then the acid removal treatment and the three indirect heat recovery are sequentially performed.
- the temperature of the final product is lowered to reach the H point and then discharged into the atmosphere; the pyrolysis or combustion product temperature curve is as shown by ABCDEFGH in Fig. 15, except that the other process steps are the same as those in [Example 7].
- the beneficial effect of the embodiment is that: due to the setting of the water washing and dusting chamber (69), on the one hand, the fly ash in the secondary combustion product is removed, and the obstacle is removed for the subsequent alkali washing and acid removing process, and on the other hand, it is ensured.
- the temperature of the secondary combustion products from the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) and after cooling is instantaneously reduced from 700 °C to 100 °C, which not only effectively avoids the rapid type N0 X and 1500 °C of 1170 ⁇ 1460 °C.
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 11, includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6),
- the utility model is characterized in that: a primary oxygen supply device (34) is arranged on the anoxic combustion chamber (1); and a primary combustion product outlet (24) and a rich one are arranged in front of the anoxic combustion chamber (1).
- An oxygen combustion chamber (20), and a secondary oxygen supply device (26) is disposed on the primary combustion product outlet (24); and a pyrolysis chamber is sequentially disposed directly below the anoxic combustion chamber (1) 3), drying chamber (6) and feeding device (72); said oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), anoxic combustion chamber (1), pyrolysis chamber (3) and drying chamber (6) are connected and the fourth Between the anoxic combustion chambers (1), the pyrolysis chamber (3) and the drying chamber (6), an insulating insulation layer (5) is arranged, and in the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) having a # 1 heat recovery device (18); at the same time, a water vapor separation and discharge device (15) to the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) is provided on the drying chamber (6), the water The steam separation and discharge device (15) is I.e. steam valve the control valve (13) of the duct (16).
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 12, comprising an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), Compared with [Ninth Embodiment], the difference in this embodiment is that the anoxic combustion chamber (1) is a slope combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber (3), the drying chamber (6) and the feeding.
- the device (72) is disposed on the side opposite to the inclined bottom plate (73) of the bevel combustor in turn, and all of the four are horizontally arranged, and the rest are the same as those in the [Example 9].
- a macromolecular substance high-efficiency cleaning and burning device as shown in FIG. 13, includes an oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), an anoxic combustion chamber (1), a pyrolysis chamber (3), and a drying chamber (6), Compared with the tenth embodiment, the difference is that the water vapor separation and discharge device (15) provided in the drying chamber (6) of the embodiment is a feed control valve for directly discharging water vapor into the atmosphere.
- a feed hopper (62) of the switch (79), and the feeding device (72) is a chain grate (77), and a scrap collection chamber (78) is disposed below the chain grate (77);
- the inclined bottom plate (73) of the inclined combustion chamber is provided with a pneumatic switch (74), and the inclined bottom plate (73) is a rotating shaft movable bottom plate, and the pneumatic switch (74) can be used to push and rotate along the rotating shaft.
- the multifunctional control valve (42) is disposed in the In the ash chamber (33), the upper air outlet communicates with the annular air passage (30) through the air guiding tube, and the lower air outlet port points to the bottom of the ash chamber (33), so that Effectively improve the carbon conversion of residual carbon in the ash; additionally equipped with thermal insulation cavity (81) in which the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20), and equipped with a heat recovery device 1 # (18) in said cavity (81)
- a water film dust collector (75) is arranged on the exhaust port (7) of the furnace (81), and an air blower (76) is arranged on the water film dust collector (75), and other than that,
- the parts are the same as those in [Example 10].
- the "simultaneous heat recovery" described in step (4) means only one indirect heat recovery at the same time; the pyrolysis or combustion product temperature curve is as shown in Figure 15 AB ' -C -D- Except for Ei, the other process steps are the same as those of [Example 10].
- the method and apparatus for efficient cleaning and burning of macromolecular substances utilizes anoxic combustion to produce a temperature higher than the ash melting point and lower than the thermal type N0 X forming temperature, that is, greater than 800 ° C and less than
- the combustion products at 1500 °C, including fly ash and various gaseous substances on the one hand, the fly ash forms slag and separates from the combustion products, on the other hand, the heat-type N0 X can be effectively avoided, and at the same time,
- the fuel type N0 X which may be generated when the material is burned is reduced to non-toxic and harmless N 2 under the high-temperature reduction of red hot carbon residue, thereby effectively avoiding the large amount of fly ash and N0 X ;
- the pyrolysis gas containing the tar-like macromolecular gaseous substance accumulated in the lower portion of the storage tank (10) is introduced into the red hot carbon slag layer at 850 ° C or higher, and is made of red hot carbon residue.
- the catalyst is cracked to complete the oxygenation catalytic cracking in the anoxic environment of the red hot carbon residue, so that the tar macromolecular gaseous substance is completely converted into a small molecule combustible gas and an organic small molecule free radical, and then the small amount is obtained.
- Molecular combustible gas and organic small molecule free radicals are all introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20) for oxyfuel combustion.
- the present invention is provided with a water vapor separation and discharge device (15) to the atmosphere and I or to the oxygen-enriched combustion chamber (20) on the drying chamber (6),
- the negative reaction of the steam to the pyrolysis gasification reaction temperature of the pyrolysis chamber (3) and the oxygenation catalytic cracking reaction temperature of the anoxic combustion chamber (1) are avoided, and the pyrolysis chamber (3) and the anoxic combustion chamber are ensured ( 1) Stable operation at a predetermined reaction temperature;
- the water vapor separation and discharge device (15) the mixed water vapor is introduced into the oxygen-rich combustion chamber (20), and the temperature of the oxygen-rich combustion product can be effectively reduced, so that finally
- the temperature of the combustion product is controlled above the melting point of the fly ash and below the temperature at which the thermal type N0 X is generated, so that the large amount of fly ash and N0 X is effectively prevented again; at the same time, the water vapor separation and discharge device is passed (15).
- the pyrolysis gas containing tar-like macromolecular gaseous substances can be controlled to operate in the opposite direction through the speed of the anoxic combustion chamber (1) red hot carbon slag layer, thereby
- the invention can effectively extend the residence time of the tar-like macromolecular gaseous substance in the red hot carbon slag layer, ensure the complete cracking thereof, and provide material guarantee for the subsequent complete combustion of the flammable oxygen-rich gas; in addition, due to the "gasification” of the present invention "Combustion" is ready-to-use under low pressure or normal pressure, so its operation is very safe. At the same time, since all the reactions described above are completed in the same furnace, the operation process is simplified and the equipment cost is reduced. Compared with the prior art, there is a clear comparable economy.
- the dust chamber (28) can be designed into a cyclone dust chamber, an inertia dust chamber, a dry electrostatic precipitator or a combination thereof in addition to the gravity sedimentation chamber;
- the water jacket (53) can also be designed as an air-cooled warm stove structure to allow fresh air from the blower and/or indoors from the draft fan.
- the circulating air flows spirally from top to bottom in the water jacket (53), and finally forms a warm air directly into the room to meet the needs of winter indoor heating in cold regions, and can also be used for heating various greenhouses.
- the field of energy use such as industrial baking; in the embodiment shown in Fig.
- the inner furnace body (9) can also be changed from a circular structure to a rectangular structure to maximize the waste incineration power generation process. Limit the waste incineration capacity and power generation capacity to a limit.
- the pneumatic valve (59) can also be a solenoid valve or other form of electric valve; in the embodiment shown in Figures 11 and 12, the feeding device (72) can also be designed as a screw-propelled, pneumatic pressure. Pusher type, hydraulic push type, hydraulic push type, spring energy storage push type, manual push type, lift frame push type and combined screw feed type, etc.; in the embodiment shown in Fig. 13, it can also be removed.
- the feed hopper (62) with feed switch (79) makes the feed port a mouth-washing structure to accommodate combustible materials of different lengths and sizes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP12833368.9A EP2762778A4 (en) | 2011-09-24 | 2012-09-21 | CLEAN METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BURNING A MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL |
US14/346,683 US9951946B2 (en) | 2011-09-24 | 2012-09-21 | High-efficiency clean burning method and device of macromolecular substance |
JP2014531089A JP6130837B2 (ja) | 2011-09-24 | 2012-09-21 | 高分子物質の効率的でクリーンな燃焼方法及び装置 |
EA201490685A EA201490685A1 (ru) | 2011-09-24 | 2012-09-21 | Технология эффективного и чистого сжигания макромолекулярных веществ и его аппаратура |
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CN201110302766.1A CN102322630B (zh) | 2011-09-24 | 2011-09-24 | 大分子物质高效清洁燃用方法及装置 |
CN201110302766.1 | 2011-09-24 |
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WO2013041039A1 true WO2013041039A1 (zh) | 2013-03-28 |
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US (1) | US9951946B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2762778A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6130837B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102322630B (zh) |
EA (1) | EA201490685A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013041039A1 (zh) |
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Cited By (10)
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CN106753478A (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 殷秀峰 | 一种固体燃料分级燃烧装置及其分级燃烧方法 |
CN106753478B (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2022-07-29 | 殷秀峰 | 一种固体燃料分级燃烧装置及其分级燃烧方法 |
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CN111853806A (zh) * | 2020-08-01 | 2020-10-30 | 鑫源昊(浙江)环保能源科技有限公司 | 一种带有无烟泄漏过渡仓的磁化低温裂解装置 |
CN113587107A (zh) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-02 | 泰安圣智环境技术有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾热解系统和热解方法 |
CN114251668A (zh) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种废印刷电路板高温热解气化综合回收方法及装置 |
CN114251668B (zh) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种废印刷电路板高温热解气化综合回收方法及装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102322630B (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
CN102322630A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
JP6130837B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2762778A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
US9951946B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 |
JP2014534402A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
EA201490685A1 (ru) | 2015-04-30 |
EP2762778A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
US20150338093A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
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