WO2013040869A1 - 一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013040869A1
WO2013040869A1 PCT/CN2012/070457 CN2012070457W WO2013040869A1 WO 2013040869 A1 WO2013040869 A1 WO 2013040869A1 CN 2012070457 W CN2012070457 W CN 2012070457W WO 2013040869 A1 WO2013040869 A1 WO 2013040869A1
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ether
preparation
ketone
aryl
ethyl
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PCT/CN2012/070457
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French (fr)
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郑之詹
宋飞
潘咏梅
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北京桑普生物化学技术有限公司
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Priority to KR1020137019556A priority Critical patent/KR20140063503A/ko
Priority to US14/003,200 priority patent/US9018418B2/en
Priority to JP2013538059A priority patent/JP5739003B2/ja
Priority to EP20120833676 priority patent/EP2703382A4/en
Publication of WO2013040869A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013040869A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/08Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/02Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C217/00Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/02Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/04Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C217/06Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted
    • C07C217/08Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/16Preparation of ethers by reaction of esters of mineral or organic acids with hydroxy or O-metal groups

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of compound synthesis, and in particular to a process for the preparation of aryl polyoxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds. Background technique
  • the aryl polyoxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds have long been used as wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersing agents and cleaning agents because of their excellent properties.
  • Such surfactants are widely used in cosmetic preservatives, disinfectants in dairy products and food companies, fungicides, clinical reagents for determining protein content, and pharmaceutical auxiliaries due to their bactericidal and antifungal activity. It is typically benzethonium chloride, which has a broad-spectrum microbial killing effect and is stable over a wide range of pH values and temperatures. It is widely used in various equipment sterilization and disinfection sanitary washing products, and also has very high application in cosmetic additives. Broad prospects.
  • No. 6,794,543 provides the preparation of aryl polyoxyalkylbenzyl diammonium derivatives by reaction of an aryl polyoxyalkylate with benzyldiamine or substituted benzyldiamine in a suitable solvent.
  • Process Although the invention claims to simplify the preparation process, the practical application involves the preparation of the aryl polyoxyalkyl halide of the raw material used, and the collection and purification operation of the product quaternary ammonium species is too complicated, and the reaction time is high, and the reaction time is long. The temperature and pressure resistance of the equipment. Summary of the invention
  • the problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an aryl polyoxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, The operation is simple and the reaction conditions are low.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a method for preparing an aryl polyoxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound comprising:
  • n is an integer from 2 to 6;
  • R 2 is H or d ⁇ C 16 alkyl;
  • R 3 is H or d ⁇ C 16 alkyl;
  • R 4 is C ds alkyl; 1 is or C1;
  • X is Cl, Br or I.
  • R 2 is a ⁇ C 6 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a d-C 6 alkyl group.
  • the phenol is phenol, indophenol, 5-mercapto-2-isopropylphenol, 2-mercapto-5-isopropylphenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-sec-butylphenol, p-tert-amyl a phenol, a p-octyl phenol or a p-tert-octyl phenol;
  • the bis-tertyl polyalkylene ether is ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiethyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiisopropyl Ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodibutyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodipentyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodiethyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodiisopropyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ ' - one of dibromodibutyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ ,-dd
  • the molar ratio of the phenol to the dihalogenated polyalkylene ether in the 1) is from 1:1.0 to 1:10.
  • the phase transfer catalyst in the above 1) and 2) is one or more of a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt, a polyether compound or a cyclic crown acid compound.
  • the amount of the phase transfer catalyst in the 1) is 1% to 50% of the number of moles of the phenol; and the amount of the phase transfer catalyst in the 2) is the number of moles of the aryl polyoxyalkylate 1% to 50%.
  • the chemical formula of the quaternary phosphonium salt is formula (g):
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are all C 2 to C 8 alkyl groups; R 9 , R 10 , R u and R 12 are all C 2 to C 8 alkyl groups; Y—is HS 0 4 — Br—or Cl—.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt is a tetraalkylammonium salt or a benzoinyltrialkylammonium salt
  • the quaternary phosphonium salt is a tetraalkylphosphine salt or a benzoinyltrialkylphosphonium salt.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and tetrabutylammonium sulfate;
  • the quaternary phosphonium salt Is a mercaptotriphenylphosphonium bromide;
  • the polyether compound is one or both of a chain polyethylene glycol or a polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether;
  • the cyclic crown ether compound is 18 crown 6, 15 crown 5, one or more of cyclodextrin compounds.
  • the 1) is carried out under alkaline conditions, and the added base is one or more of sodium amide, sodium decoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate; the base and the phenol
  • the molar ratio is 1:1.0 ⁇ 1:5.0.
  • the reaction temperature of the 1) is 40 ° C to 250 ° C, and the reaction time is 1 h to 72 h.
  • the 1) is carried out in an organic solvent, which is dimercaptosulfoxide, mercaptoethyl sulfoxide, hydrazine, hydrazine-dimercaptoamide, hydrazine, hydrazine-dimercaptoacetamide , diethyl phthalamide, dipropylene glycol dioxime ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dioxime ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoterpene ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol Ether ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, butanone, mercaptoisobutyl ketone, decyl n-butyl ketone, mercapto tert-butyl ket
  • the amination reagent in the 2) is ammonia, decylamine, diamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine One.
  • the molar ratio of the 2) aryl polyoxyalkyl halide to the aminating agent is 1:1.0 ⁇
  • the reaction temperature of the 2) is 40 ° C ⁇ 200 ° C, and the reaction time is lh ⁇ 48 h.
  • the alkylating agent in the 3) is one of benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, p-nonyloxybenzyl chloride, 2-mercapto-allyl chloride, iodonane, and ethyl bromide. .
  • the molar ratio of the 3) aryl polyoxyalkylamine to the alkylating agent is 1: 1 ⁇
  • the reaction temperature of the 3) is 40 ° C ⁇ 250 ° C, and the reaction time is lh ⁇ 48 h.
  • the 3) is carried out in an organic solvent which is a halogenated hydrocarbon, a ketone, an acid and an aromatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically methyl ethyl ketone, decyl isobutyl ketone, hydrazine N-butyl ketone, decyl t-butyl ketone, decyl isoamyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, ethyl t-butyl ketone, ethyl isoamyl ketone, 2- Hexanone, 3-hexanone, diethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, dimercaptosulfoxide, mercap
  • the 3) is a crystallization solvent which is one or more of carbon disulfide, isopropyl ether, petroleum ether, and cyclohexane.
  • the invention uses a phase transfer catalyst in the preparation process of the aryl polyoxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, can significantly reduce the temperature and pressure of the reaction system, shorten the reaction time, the total reaction yield can be increased to 75%, and the operation is simple. The cost is low, the product is easy to separate, and the purity can reach the pharmaceutical grade specification, which is convenient for large-scale production. Detailed ways
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing an aryl polyoxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, comprising:
  • 1 ⁇ is 11 or d ⁇ C 16 alkyl, either linear or branched, ortho, meta or para; n is an integer from 2 to 6; 1 is 81" or 01.
  • the phenol may be phenol, indophenol, 5-mercapto-2-isopropylphenol, 2-mercapto-5-isopropylphenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-sec-butylphenol, p-tert-amylphenol, pair One of sec-octylphenol or p-tert-octylphenol; dihalogenated polyalkylene ether is ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiethyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiisopropyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ ' - Dichlorodibutyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodipentyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodiethyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodiisopropyl ether, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodibutyl ether One of ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodipentyl ether.
  • the molar ratio of the phenol to the dihalogenated polyalkylene ether is preferably 1:1 to 1:10, more preferably 1:1.5 to 1:5.5.
  • the phase transfer catalyst used in the reaction is one or more of a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt, a polyether compound or a cyclic crown ether compound, and the amount of the phase transfer catalyst is 1% of the mole of the phenol. 50%.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are all C 2 -C 8 alkyl groups, which may be the same or different groups;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R u and R 12 are all C 2 ⁇ C 8 Alkyl groups, which may be the same or different groups;
  • Y- is HS0 4 —, Br" or Cl-.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt is preferably a tetraalkylammonium salt or a benzoinyltrialkylammonium salt, more preferably benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylsulfate
  • the quaternary phosphonium salt is preferably a tetraalkylphosphine salt or a benzoyltrialkylphosphine salt, more preferably a decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide.
  • the polyether compound is preferably one or two of a chain polyethylene glycol or a polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether; the cyclic crown ether compound is preferably 18 crown 6, 15 crown 5, cyclodextrin One or more of the elite compounds.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out under basic conditions, and the added base is one or more of sodium amide, sodium decoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, and the molar ratio of the base to the phenol is 1: 1.0 ⁇ 1:5.0.
  • the reaction temperature is from 40 ° C to 250 ° C, and the reaction time is from 1 h to 72 h.
  • the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent which is not reactive with phenol, bis[3 ⁇ 4 generation polyalkylene ether or phase transfer catalyst, and the organic solvent may be dimercapto sulfoxide, mercaptoethyl sulfoxide, hydrazine, hydrazine-II.
  • the reaction yield of this step reaction can reach above 88%.
  • the aminating reagent may be selected from ammonia, primary amines and secondary amines, and specifically may be ammonia, decylamine, diamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine, and piperazine.
  • ammonia decylamine
  • diamine ethylamine
  • diethylamine monoethanolamine
  • diethanolamine diethanolamine
  • diphenylamine diphenylamine
  • cyclohexylamine and piperazine.
  • One of pyridine and morpholine One of pyridine and morpholine.
  • the molar ratio of the aryl polyoxyalkyl halide to the aminating agent is preferably 1:1.0 1:12.0, more preferably 1:2.0 to 1:6.0.
  • the reaction temperature of this step is 40 °C ⁇ 200 °C, and the reaction time is lh ⁇ 48h.
  • the reaction yield of this step reaction can reach more than 90%.
  • an aryl polyoxyalkylamine is reacted with an alkylating agent to give an aryl polyoxyalkyl group of the formula (e) Quaternary ammonium compounds;
  • R4 is d ⁇ C 16 alkyl; X is Cl, Br or I.
  • the alkylating agent is an alkyl halide, preferably one of benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, p-methoxybenzyl chloride, 2-mercapto-1-ylallyl chloride, iodonane or ethyl bromide.
  • the molar ratio of the aryl polyoxyalkylamine to the alkylating agent is preferably from 1:1 to l:10 h.
  • the reaction temperature of this step is 40 °C ⁇ 250 °C, and the reaction time is lh ⁇ 48h.
  • the reaction is carried out in a slightly more polar organic solvent
  • the organic solvent is a halogenated hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, and an aromatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and specifically may be butanone, decyl isobutyl ketone, or fluorenyl group.
  • the reaction is carried out by using a crystallization solvent which is one or more of a weakly polar solvent such as carbon disulfide, isopropyl ether, petroleum ether or cyclohexane.
  • a crystallization solvent which is one or more of a weakly polar solvent such as carbon disulfide, isopropyl ether, petroleum ether or cyclohexane.
  • the reaction yield of this step reaction can reach more than 95%.
  • reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and the organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to recover toluene and an excess of ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiethyl ether.
  • the steaming residue is about 144.6g of yellow viscous liquid, and the content of tert-octylphenoxyethoxyethyl chloride is detected by gas phase. 96.8%.
  • the above product was added to a 0.5 L sealable reaction vessel, and 11.4 g of benzyltriethylammonium chloride and 135.3 g of a 33% aqueous solution of diammonium were added thereto, and the mixture was sealed, heated to 160 ° C, stirred for 3 hours, and the reaction solution was separated and removed.
  • the aqueous phase 138.2 g of the organic phase was collected, and the conversion of p-octylphenoxyethoxyethyldiamine was determined by gas phase to be 100%, and the concentration was 97.8%.
  • the p-tert-octylphenoxyethoxydiguanamine obtained above was placed in a 1 L four-neck reaction flask, and 100.2 g of mercaptoisobutyl ketone and 126.6 g of benzyl chloride were sequentially added thereto, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. 168.2 g of cyclohexane was slowly added, and the crystals were cooled and crystallized, and 172.7 g of a white solid was collected to obtain benzethonium chloride.
  • the content of benzethonium chloride was titrated at 99.2% by the method described in U.S. Patent No. USP29, page 247.
  • the melting point was measured at 159.0 ⁇ 160.TC.
  • the total yield of the three steps was calculated by taking p-tert-octylphenol as a reference of 77.5%.
  • the reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and the organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to recover decyl isobutyl ketone and excess ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiethyl ether.
  • the evaporation residue was about 176.2 g of a yellow viscous liquid, and the content of tert-octylphenoxyethoxyethyl chloride was 95.0% by gas phase detection.
  • the above product was added to a 1 L closable reaction vessel, and 7.8 g of decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and 52.0 g of a 40% aqueous solution of ceramide were added. After sealing, the temperature was raised to 46 ° C, and the reaction was stirred for 48 hours. The phase was collected, 124.8 g of the organic phase was collected, and the conversion of p-octylphenoxyethoxyethyldiamine was determined by gas phase to be 100%, and the concentration was 94.7%.
  • the above-obtained p-tert-octylphenoxyethoxydiamine was added to a 1 L four-neck reaction flask, and 100. Og of tetrahydrofuran and 73.0 g of p-methoxybenzyl chloride were sequentially added thereto, and the temperature was raised to 45 ° C. After reacting for 45 hours, 150.0 g of petroleum ether was slowly added, and the crystals were cooled and crystallized, and 156.0 g of a white solid was collected to obtain benzethonium chloride, and the titration content was 99.6%. The total yield of the three steps was calculated by reference to p-tert-octylphenol of 75.1%.
  • the reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and the organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to recover decyl isobutyl ketone and excess ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromodiethyl ether.
  • the evaporation residue was about 93.0 g of a yellow viscous liquid, and the content of tert-octylphenoxyethoxyethyl bromide was 95.6% by gas phase detection.
  • the above product was added to a 0.5 L sealable reaction vessel, and 1.0 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 68.5 g of a 40% aqueous solution of diammonium were added, and the mixture was sealed, and the temperature was raised to 130 ° C.
  • the reaction was stirred for 5 hours, and the reaction liquid was separated and removed.
  • the phase was collected, 67.8 g of the organic phase was collected, and the conversion of p-octylphenoxyethoxyethyldiamine was determined by gas phase to be 100%, and the concentration was 94.8%.
  • the above-obtained p-tert-octylphenoxyethoxydiamine was added to a 1 L four-neck reaction flask, and 150.1 g of N-decylpyrrolidone and 50.0 g of benzyl chloride were successively added thereto, and the mixture was heated to reflux at 203 ° C. After reacting for 1.5 hours, 122.0 g of cyclohexane was slowly added thereto, and the crystals were cooled and cooled, and 84.7 g of a white solid was collected to obtain benzethonium chloride, and the titration content was 99.6%. The melting point was determined to be 159.7 to 161.0 °C. The total yield of the three steps was calculated to be 76.0% based on the reference of tert-octylphenol.
  • reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and the organic phase was separately distilled under reduced pressure to recover decyl isobutyl ketone and excess ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiethyl ether.
  • the steaming residue was about 304.8 g of a yellow viscous liquid, and the content of 5-mercapto-2-isopropylphenoxyethoxyethyl chloride was determined by gas phase to be 96.8%.
  • the above product was added to a 0.5 L closable reaction vessel, and 15.4 g of polyethylene glycol and 135.3 g of a 40% aqueous solution of diammonium were added thereto, and the mixture was sealed, and the temperature was raised to 160 ° C.
  • the reaction was stirred for 3 hours, and the aqueous solution was separated and removed, and collected.
  • the organic phase was 251.0 g, and the conversion of 5-nonyl-2-isopropylphenoxyethoxydiamine was 99.2% by gas phase measurement, and the concentration was 94.8%.
  • the 5-mercapto-2-isopropylphenoxyethoxydiguanamine obtained above was placed in a 1 L four-neck reaction flask, and 180.0 g of trichloroethylene and 155.0 g of benzyl chloride were sequentially added thereto, and the mixture was heated to reflux. After reacting for 4 h, slowly adding 200.0 g of cyclohexane, cooling and crystallizing, collecting 292.4 g of a white solid, and titrating the quaternary ammonium salt content of 5-nonyl-2-isopropylphenoxyethoxydiamine at 97.2. %. The total yield of the three steps was 75.1% based on thymol.
  • the reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and the organic phase was separately distilled under reduced pressure to recover dimethyl sulfoxide and excess ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodibutyl ether.
  • the steaming residue was about 148.8 g of a yellow viscous liquid, and the content of sec-butylphenoxybutoxybutyl chloride was 67.7% by gas phase detection, and the by-products were more.
  • the above product was added to a 1 L closable reaction vessel, and 60.0 g of 8-crown ether-6 and 300 g of a 40% aqueous solution of diethylamine were added thereto. After sealing, the temperature was raised to 200 ° C, and the reaction was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and organic was collected. The phase was 191.0 g, and the conversion of sec-butylphenoxybutoxybutyldiethylamine by gas phase was 97.1%, and the concentrated content was 62.7%.
  • the obtained sec-butylphenoxybutoxybutyldiethylamine was added to a 1 L four-neck reaction flask, and 70.0 g of mercaptoisobutyl ketone and 200.0 g of benzyl chloride were sequentially added thereto, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. 50.0 g of petroleum ether was slowly added, and the crystals were cooled and crystallized, and 132.0 g of a white solid was collected, and the total yield of the three steps was about 56.4% based on the reference of sec-butylphenol.
  • the reaction liquid was separated to remove the aqueous phase, and the organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to recover toluene and excess ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichlorodiethyl ether.
  • the steaming residue was about 162.0 g of a yellow viscous liquid, and the content of p-octylphenoxyethoxyethyl chloride in the liquid mixture was 43.4% by gas phase detection.

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Abstract

提供了一种制备芳基多氧烷基季胺化合物的方法,包括:1)酚与二卤代多亚烷基醚在相转移催化剂作用下反应得到芳基多氧烷基卤化物;2)芳基多氧烷基卤化物与胺化试剂在相转移催化剂作用下反应得到芳基多氧烷基胺化物;3)芳基多氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂反应得到芳基多氧烷基季胺化合物。该方法操作简便,成本低。

Description

一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法 本申请要求于 2011 年 9 月 19 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110278338.X,发明名称为"一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法"的 中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及化合物合成领域,具体涉及一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合 物的方法。 背景技术
长期以来芳基多氧烷基季铵类物质因其显示出的优良特性, 被用作润湿 剂、 乳化剂、 分散剂及清洗剂。 这类表面活性物质由于其杀菌及抗真菌活性, 被广泛应用于化妆品防腐剂、 奶制品及食品企业中的消毒剂、 杀菌剂、 测定蛋 白质含量的临床试剂和药物助剂。典型的是苄索氯铵, 具有广谱微生物杀伤作 用, 在较宽的 pH值和温度范围内稳定, 广泛应用于各种设备杀菌和消毒卫生 洗涤等产品, 此外在化妆品添加剂应用中也具有非常广阔的前景。
美国专利 US 2115250、 US 2229024给出了相关物质的制备方法, 根据现 有工艺,芳基多氧烷基胺类通常在一种碱性条件下由等摩尔量的酚和二 代多 亚烷基醚回流反应来制备,得到的产物再与一种胺化剂反应,反应完成后采用 碱土金属的氢氧化物中和胺的氢卤化物。这种方法的两步反应都涉及高温且反 应时间较长, 对设备的耐温和耐压要求苛刻。
US 6794543提供了由芳基多氧烷基 化物与苄基二曱胺或取代的苄基二 曱胺在一种合适的溶剂中反应制备芳基多氧烷基苄基二曱铵类衍生物的工艺。 尽管该发明声称简化了制备工艺,但实际应用中还要涉及所用原料芳基多氧烷 基卤化物的制备,且产品季铵类物质的收集纯化操作过于复杂,还存在高温反 应时间长, 反应设备的耐温和耐压问题。 发明内容
本发明解决的问题在于提供一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法, 操作简单, 反应条件要求低。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明的技术方案为:
一种芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的制备方法, 包括:
1 )式(a)所示的酚与式(b)所示的二 代多亚烷基醚在相转移催化剂作 用下
Figure imgf000003_0001
(a) (b) (c)
2 )所述芳基多氧烷基 化物与胺化试剂在相转移催化剂作用下反应得到式 ( d ) 所示的芳基多氧烷基胺化物;
—— O (CH2)nO(CH2)n Ν、
R3
(d)
3) 所述芳基多氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂反应得到式(e)所示的芳基多氧 烷基季铵类化合物;
Figure imgf000003_0002
(e) 其中, !^为!!或^ ~ C16烷基, 位于邻位、 间位或对位; n为 2 ~ 6的整数; R2为 H或 d ~C16烷基; R3为 H或 d ~C16烷基; R4为 C ds烷基; 1为 或 C1; X为 Cl、 Br或 I。
作为优选, !^为。 〜^。烷基, R2为 ~C6烷基, R3为 d~C6烷基。
作为优选,所述酚为苯酚、 曱酚、 5-曱基 -2-异丙苯酚、 2-曱基 -5-异丙苯酚、 对叔丁基苯酚、 对仲丁基苯酚、 对叔戊基曱酚、 对仲辛基苯酚或对叔辛基苯酚 中的一种;所述二 1¾代多亚烷基醚为 β,β'-二氯二乙醚、 β,β'-二氯二异丙醚、 β,β'- 二氯二丁醚、 β,β'-二氯二戊醚、 β,β'-二溴二乙醚、 β,β'-二溴二异丙醚、 β,β'-二 溴二丁醚、 β,β,-二溴二戊醚中的一种。
作为优选, 所述 1) 中酚与二卤代多亚烷基醚的摩尔比为 1:1.0~ 1:10。 作为优选, 所述 1)和 2) 中的相转移催化剂为季铵盐、 季膦盐、 聚醚类 化合物或环状冠酸化合物中的一种或几种。
作为优选, 所述 1) 中相转移催化剂的量为所述酚的摩尔数的 1%~50%; 所述 2) 中相转移催化剂的量为所述芳基多氧烷基 化物的摩尔数的 1%~ 50%。
作为优选, 所 f), 所述季膦盐的化学式为式(g):
Figure imgf000004_0001
(f) (g)
其中 R5、 R6、 R7、 R8均为 C2~C8烷基; R9、 R10、 Ru、 R12均为 C2 ~ C8烷基; Y—为 HS04—、 Br—或 Cl—。
作为优选, 所述季铵盐为四烷基铵盐或苯曱基三烷基铵盐; 所述季膦盐为 四烷基膦盐或苯曱基三烷基膦盐。
作为优选, 所述季铵盐为苄基三乙基氯化铵、 四丁基氯化铵、 四丁基溴化 铵、 四丁基硫酸铵中的一种或几种; 所述季膦盐为曱基三苯基溴化膦; 所述聚 醚类化合物为链状聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇二烷基醚类中的一种或两种; 所述环 状冠醚类化合物为 18冠 6、 15冠 5、 环糊精类化合物中的一种或几种。
作为优选, 所述 1 )在碱性条件下进行, 加入的碱为氨基钠、 曱醇钠、 氢 氧化钠、 氢氧化钾、 碳酸钾中的一种或几种; 所述碱与所述酚的摩尔比为 1:1.0~ 1:5.0。
作为优选, 所述 1 ) 的反应温度为 40°C ~250°C, 反应时间为 lh~72h。 作为优选, 所述 1)在有机溶剂中进行, 所述有机溶剂为二曱基亚砜、 曱 基乙基亚砜、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二曱基乙酰胺、 二乙基曱酰胺、 二丙 二醇二曱醚、 二丙二醇二乙醚、 二乙二醇二曱醚、 二乙二醇二乙醚、 乙二 醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇二曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 丁酮、 曱基异丁 基酮、 曱基正丁基酮、 曱基叔丁基酮、 曱基异戊基酮、 乙基异丁基酮、 乙基正 丁基酮、 乙基叔丁基酮、 乙基异戊基酮、 2-己酮、 3-己酮、 二乙基酮、 环己酮、 环戊酮、 三氯乙烯、 三氯乙烷、二氯乙烷、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 Ν-曱基吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 曱苯、 二曱苯、 乙苯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸丁酯中的一种或 几种。
作为优选, 所述 2 ) 中胺化试剂为氨、 曱胺、 二曱胺、 乙胺、 二乙胺、 单 乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 二苯曱胺、 环己胺、 哌啶、 吗啉中的一种。
作为优选, 所述 2 )中芳基多氧烷基卤化物与胺化试剂的摩尔比为 1:1.0 ~
1:12.0。
作为优选, 所述 2 ) 的反应温度为 40°C ~ 200°C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 48h。 作为优选, 所述 3 ) 中烷化试剂为苄基氯、 苄基溴、 对曱氧基氯化苄、 2- 曱基- -烯丙基氯、 碘曱烷、 溴乙烷中的一种。
作为优选, 所述 3 ) 中芳基多氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂的摩尔比为 1: 1 ~
1:10。
作为优选, 所述 3 ) 的反应温度为 40°C ~ 250°C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 48h。 作为优选, 所述 3 )在有机溶剂中进行, 所述有机溶剂为含有 2 ~ 8个碳 原子的卤代烃、 酮、 酸及芳烃类, 具体为丁酮、 曱基异丁基酮、 曱基正丁基酮、 曱基叔丁基酮、 曱基异戊基酮、 乙基异丁基酮、 乙基正丁基酮、 乙基叔丁基酮、 乙基异戊基酮、 2-己酮、 3-己酮、 二乙基酮、 环己酮、 环戊酮、 二曱基亚砜、 曱基乙基亚砜、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二曱基乙酰胺、 二乙基曱酰胺、 二 丙二醇二曱醚、 二丙二醇二乙醚、 二乙二醇二曱醚、 二乙二醇二乙醚、 乙 二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇二曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 三氯乙烯、 三氯 乙烷、 二氯乙烷、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 Ν-曱基吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 曱苯、 二曱 苯、 乙苯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
作为优选, 所述 3 )使用结晶溶剂, 所述结晶溶剂为二硫化碳、 异丙醚、 石油醚、 环己烷中的一种或几种。
本发明在芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的制备过程中使用相转移催化剂 ,可 以明显降低反应体系的温度和压力, 缩短反应时间, 反应总收率可以提高到 75%, 且操作简单, 成本低, 产物易于分离, 纯度可达医药级规格, 便于规模 化生产。 具体实施方式
为了进一步了解本发明, 下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描 述, 但是应当理解, 这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点, 而不是 对本发明权利要求的限制。
本发明提供一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法, 包括:
1 )式(a)所示的酚与式(b)所示的二 代多亚烷基醚在相转移催化剂作 用下 示的芳基多氧烷基
Figure imgf000006_0001
(a) (b) (c)
其中, 1^为11或 d~C16烷基, 直链或支链都可, 位于邻位、 间位或对位; n为 2 ~ 6的整数; 1为81"或01。
酚可以为苯酚、 曱酚、 5-曱基 -2-异丙苯酚、 2-曱基 -5-异丙苯酚、 对叔丁基 苯酚、对仲丁基苯酚、对叔戊基曱酚、对仲辛基苯酚或对叔辛基苯酚中的一种; 二卤代多亚烷基醚为 β,β'-二氯二乙醚、 β,β'-二氯二异丙醚、 β,β'-二氯二丁醚、 β,β'—二氯二戊醚、 β,β'-二溴二乙醚、 β,β'-二溴二异丙醚、 β,β'-二溴二丁醚、 β,β'- 二溴二戊醚中的一种。
酚与二卤代多亚烷基醚的摩尔比优选为 1:1 ~ 1:10,更优选为 1:1.5 ~ 1:5.5。 反应所使用的相转移催化剂为季铵盐、季膦盐、 聚醚类化合物或环状冠醚 化合物中的一种或几种, 相转移催化剂的量为所述酚的摩尔数的 1%~50%。
季铵盐的化学式为式(f), 季膦盐的化学式为式(g):
Figure imgf000006_0002
(f) (g)
其中 R5、 R6、 R7、 R8均为 C2~C8烷基, 可以是相同的或不同的基团; R9、 R10、 Ru、 R12均为 C2~C8烷基, 可以是相同的或不同的基团; Y—为 HS04—、 Br" 或 Cl—。
季铵盐优选为四烷基铵盐或苯曱基三烷基铵盐,更优选为苄基三乙基氯化 铵、 四丁基氯化铵、 四丁基溴化铵、 四丁基硫酸铵中的一种或几种; 季膦盐优 选为四烷基膦盐或苯曱基三烷基膦盐, 更优选为曱基三苯基溴化膦。 另外,聚醚类化合物优选为链状聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇二烷基醚类中的一种 或两种; 环状冠醚类化合物优选为 18冠 6、 15冠 5、 环糊精类化合物中的 一种或几种。
此反应优选在碱性条件下进行, 加入的碱为氨基钠、 曱醇钠、 氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾、 碳酸钾中的一种或几种, 碱与所述酚的摩尔比为 1:1.0 ~ 1:5.0。
优选的, 反应温度为 40 °C ~ 250 °C , 反应时间为 1 h ~ 72h。
优选反应在与酚、二 [¾代多亚烷基醚、相转移催化剂都不反应的有机溶剂 中进行, 有机溶剂可为二曱基亚砜、 曱基乙基亚砜、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺、 Ν,Ν- 二曱基乙酰胺、 二乙基曱酰胺、 二丙二醇二曱醚、 二丙二醇二乙醚、 二乙二 醇二曱醚、 二乙二醇二乙醚、 乙二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇二曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 丁酮、 曱基异丁基酮、 曱基正丁基酮、 曱基叔丁基酮、 曱基 异戊基酮、 乙基异丁基酮、 乙基正丁基酮、 乙基叔丁基酮、 乙基异戊基酮、 2- 己酮、 3-己酮、 二乙基酮、 环己酮、 环戊酮、 三氯乙烯、 三氯乙烷、 二氯乙烷、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 Ν-曱基吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 曱苯、 二曱苯、 乙苯、 乙酸乙 酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
该步反应的反应收率可达到 88%以上。
2 )生成的芳基多氧烷基 化物与胺化试剂在相转移催化剂作用下反应得到 式(d )所示的芳基多氧烷基胺化物;
— O (CH2)nO(CH2)n Ν、
R3
(d)
为11或 d ~ C16烷基; 为11或 d ~ c16烷基。
其中胺化试剂可选用氨、 伯胺、 仲胺类, 具体可以为氨、 曱胺、 二曱胺、 乙胺、 二乙胺、 单乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 二苯曱胺、 环己胺、 哌啶、 吗啉中的一 种。
芳基多氧烷基卤化物与胺化试剂的摩尔比优选为 1:1.0 1: 12.0, 更优选为 1:2.0 ~ 1:6.0。
该步反应的反应温度为 40 °C ~ 200 °C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 48h。
该步反应的反应收率可达到 90%以上。
3 ) 芳基多氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂反应得到式(e )所示的芳基多氧烷基 季铵类化合物;
Figure imgf000008_0001
( e )
R4为 d ~ C16烷基; X为 Cl、 Br或 I。
烷化试剂为卤代烷, 优选为苄基氯、 苄基溴、 对曱氧基氯化苄、 2-曱基 -1- 烯丙基氯、 碘曱烷、 溴乙烷中的一种。
芳基多氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂的摩尔比优选为 1:1 ~ l:10h。
该步反应的反应温度为 40 °C ~ 250 °C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 48h。
优选反应在极性稍强的有机溶剂中进行, 有机溶剂为含有 2 ~ 8个碳原子 的卤代烃、 酮、 醚及芳烃类, 具体可以为丁酮、 曱基异丁基酮、 曱基正丁基酮、 曱基叔丁基酮、 曱基异戊基酮、 乙基异丁基酮、 乙基正丁基酮、 乙基叔丁基酮、 乙基异戊基酮、 2-己酮、 3-己酮、 二乙基酮、 环己酮、 环戊酮、 二曱基亚砜、 曱基乙基亚砜、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二曱基乙酰胺、 二乙基曱酰胺、 二 丙二醇二曱醚、 二丙二醇二乙醚、 二乙二醇二曱醚、 二乙二醇二乙醚、 乙 二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇二曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 三氯乙烯、 三氯 乙烷、 二氯乙烷、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 Ν-曱基吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 曱苯、 二曱 苯、 乙苯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
反应使用结晶溶剂进行结晶, 结晶溶剂为二硫化碳、 异丙醚、 石油醚、 环 己烷等极性较弱的溶剂中的一种或几种。 该步反应的反应收率可达到 95%以 上。
实施例 1 :
103.0g对 (α,α,γ,γ-四曱基丁基)苯酚加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 加入 8.4g苄 基三乙基氯化铵、 143.0g P,p,-二氯二乙醚、 225.0g曱苯, 加热升温至 110°C回 流,緩慢滴加 105.0g浓度 20%的氢氧化钠溶液, 滴加完毕后维持回流反应 5h , 取上层有机相做气相色语检测, 对叔辛基酚的转化率达到 99.7%。 反应液分离 除去水相, 有机相减压蒸馏分别回收曱苯和过量的 β,β'-二氯二乙醚。 蒸余物 呈黄色粘稠状液体约 144.6g,经气相检测对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基氯的含量 96.8%。
把上述产物加入 0.5L可密闭反应釜中, 加入 11.4g苄基三乙基氯化铵、 135.3g浓度 33%二曱胺水溶液, 密闭后升温至 160°C , 搅拌反应 3h,反应液分 离除去水相, 收集有机相 138.2g, 经气相检测对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱 胺的转化率为 100%, 经浓缩含量为 97.8%。
上述得到的对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 依次加入 100.2g曱基异丁基酮、 126.6g苄基氯, 升温至回流, 反应 2h, 緩慢 加入 168.2g环己烷, 降温结晶, 收集白色固体 172.7g, 制得苄索氯铵, 参考 美国药典 USP29第 247页所述方法滴定苄索氯铵的含量在 99.2%。 测定熔点 在 159.0 ~ 160.TC。 以对叔辛基苯酚为参照计算三步总收率 77.5%。
实施例 2:
96.0g对 (α,α,γ,γ-四曱基丁基)苯酚加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 加入 15.5g曱 基三苯基溴化膦、 590.0g P,p,-二氯二乙醚、 225.0g N,N-二曱基曱酰胺, 加热升 温至回流, 緩慢滴加 130.0g浓度 20%的氢氧化钾溶液, 滴加完毕后维持回流 反应 20h, 取上层有机相做气相色谱检测, 对叔辛基酚的转化率达到 99.0%。 反应液分离除去水相, 有机相减压蒸馏分别回收曱基异丁基酮和过量的 β,β'- 二氯二乙醚。 蒸余物呈黄色粘稠状液体约 176.2g, 经气相检测对叔辛基苯氧基 乙氧基乙基氯的含量 95.0%。
把上述产物加入 1L可密闭反应釜中, 加入 7.8g曱基三苯基溴化膦、 52.0g 浓度 40%二曱胺水溶液, 密闭后升温至 46°C , 搅拌反应 48h,反应液分离除去 水相, 收集有机相 124.8g, 经气相检测对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺的转 化率为 100%, 经浓缩含量为 94.7%。
上述得到的对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 依次加入 lOO.Og四氢呋喃、 73.0g对曱氧基氯化苄, 升温至 45 °C , 反应 45h, 緩慢加入 150.0g石油醚, 降温结晶, 收集白色固体 156.0g, 制得苄索氯铵, 滴定含量在 99.6%。 以对叔辛基苯酚为参照计算三步总收率 75.1%。
实施例 3:
51.5g对 (α,α,γ,γ-四曱基丁基)苯酚加入 1L的四口反应瓶中,依次加入 9.8g 四丁基溴化铵、 400.0g P,p,-二溴二乙醚、 150.0g N-曱基吡咯烷酮, 加热升温至 205°C回流, 緩慢滴加 98.0g浓度 15%的氢氧化钾溶液, 滴加完毕后维持回流 反应 8h。 反应液分离除去水相, 有机相减压蒸馏分别回收曱基异丁基酮和过 量的 β,β'-二溴二乙醚。 蒸余物呈黄色粘稠状液体约 93.0g, 经气相检测对叔辛 基苯氧基乙氧基乙基溴的含量 95.6%。
把上述产物加入 0.5L可密闭反应釜中, 加入 l.Og四丁基溴化铵、 68.5g 浓度 40%二曱胺水溶液, 密闭后升温至 130°C , 搅拌反应 5h,反应液分离除去 水相, 收集有机相 67.8g, 经气相检测对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺的转 化率为 100%, 经浓缩含量为 94.8%。
上述得到的对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 依次加入 150.1g N-曱基吡咯烷酮、50.0g苄基氯,升温至 203 °C回流,反应 1.5h, 緩慢加入 122.0g环己烷, 降温结晶, 收集白色固体 84.7g, 制得苄索氯铵, 滴 定含量在 99.6%。 测定熔点在 159.7〜161.0°C。 以对叔辛基苯酚为参照计算三 步总收率 76.0%。
实施例 4:
150.2g麝香草酚加入 1L的四口反应瓶中,依次加入 13.9g四丁基氯化铵、 715.0g P,p,-二氯二乙醚、 300.0g曱基异丁基酮,加热升温 45°C ,緩慢滴加 400.0g 浓度 15%的氢氧化钠溶液, 滴加完毕后维持回流反应 72h。 反应液分离除去水 相, 有机相减压蒸馏分别回收曱基异丁基酮和过量的 β,β'-二氯二乙醚。 蒸余 物呈黄色粘稠状液体约 304.8g, 经气相检测 5-曱基 -2-异丙基苯氧基乙氧基乙 基氯的含量 96.8%。
把上述产物加入 0.5L可密闭反应釜中, 加入 15.4g聚乙二醇、 135.3g浓 度 40%二曱胺水溶液, 密闭后升温至 160°C , 搅拌反应 3h,反应液分离除去水 相, 收集有机相 251.0g, 经气相检测对 5-曱基 -2-异丙基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二 曱胺的转化率为 99.2%, 经浓缩含量为 94.8%。
上述得到的 5-曱基 -2-异丙基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺加入 1L的四口反应 瓶中, 依次加入 180.0g三氯乙烯、 155.0g苄基氯, 升温至回流, 反应 4h, 緩 慢加入 200.0g环己烷, 降温结晶, 收集白色固体 292.4g, 滴定 5-曱基 -2-异丙 基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺的季铵盐含量在 97.2%。 以麝香草酚为参照计算三 步总收率 75.1%。
实施例 5:
87.0g对仲丁基苯酚加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 加入 lOO.Og聚乙二醇 400、 84.0gP,p,-二氯二丁醚、 200.0g二曱基亚砜, 加热升温至 190°C回流, 緩慢滴加 350.0g浓度 20%的氢氧化钠溶液, 滴加完毕后维持回流反应 lh, 取上层有机 相做气相色语检测, 对仲丁基苯酚的转化率达到 92.1%, 在此催化剂作用下, 反应速度明显加快, 但有更多副产物产出。反应液分离除去水相, 有机相减压 蒸馏分别回收二曱基亚砜和过量的 β,β'-二氯二丁醚。 蒸余物呈黄色粘稠状液 体约 148.8g, 经气相检测对仲丁基苯氧基丁氧基丁基氯的含量 67.7%, 副产物 较多。
把上述产物加入 1L可密闭反应釜中,加入 60.0gl8-冠醚 -6、300g浓度 40% 二乙胺水溶液, 密闭后升温至 200°C , 搅拌反应 lh, 反应液分离除去水相, 收 集有机相 191.0g, 经气相检测对仲丁基苯氧基丁氧基丁基二乙胺的转化率为 97.1%, 经浓缩含量为 62.7%。
上述得到的对仲丁基苯氧基丁氧基丁基二乙胺加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 依次加入 70.0g曱基异丁基酮、 200.0g苄基氯, 升温至回流, 反应 2h, 緩慢加 入 50.0g石油醚, 降温结晶, 收集白色固体 132.0g, 以对仲丁基苯酚为参照计 算三步总收率约为 56.4%。
对比例:
对照实施例 1 , 不加相转移催化剂, 合成苄索氯铵。
103.0g对 (α,α,γ,γ-四曱基丁基)苯酚加入 1L的四口反应瓶中, 加入 143.0g β,β'-二氯二乙醚、 225.0g曱苯, 加热升温至回流, 緩慢滴加 105.0g浓度 20% 的氢氧化钠溶液, 滴加完毕后维持回流反应 6h, 取上层有机相做气相色谱检 测, 对叔辛基酚的转化率达到 45.4%。 反应液分离除去水相, 有机相减压蒸馏 分别回收曱苯和过量的 β,β'-二氯二乙醚。 蒸余物呈黄色粘稠状液体约 162.0g, 经气相检测液体混合物中对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基氯的含量 43.4%。
取 160.0g对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基氯加入 0.5L可密闭反应釜中,加入 135.3g浓度 33%二曱胺水溶液, 密闭后升温至 180°C , 搅拌反应 4h,反应液分 离除去水相, 收集有机相 168.9g, 经气相检测对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱 胺的转化率为 40.1%, 经浓缩含量为 37.9%。
取 170.0g对叔辛基苯氧基乙氧基乙基二曱胺加入 1L的四口反应瓶中,依 次加入 100.2g曱基异丁基酮、 126.6g苄基氯, 升温至回流, 反应 2h, 緩慢加 入 168.2g环己烷, 降温结晶, 收集白色固体 156.8g, 参考美国药典 USP29第 247页所述方法滴定苄索氯铵的含量在 99.2%。 测定熔点在 159.0〜162.0°C。 以 对叔辛基苯酚为参照计算三步总收率不足 15%,与使用相转移催化剂有明显差 距, 不具有实际应用价值。
通过实施例 1-5和对比例的对比, 可以看到, 如果不加入相转移催化剂进 行合成, 反应收率很低, 不具有实际应用价值。 用本发明的方法, 加入相转移 催化剂进行合成反应, 反应收率高, 产物的纯度高, 可达医药级规格。
以上对本发明所提供的一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法进行 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以 对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护 范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种制备芳基多氧烷基季铵类化合物的方法, 其特征在于, 包括: 1 )式(a)所示的酚与式(b)所示的二 代多亚烷基醚在相转移催化剂作 用下
Figure imgf000013_0001
(a) (b) (c)
2 )所述芳基多氧烷基 化物与胺化试剂在相转移催化剂作用下反应得到式 ( d ) 所示的芳基多氧烷基胺化物;
—— O (CH2)nO(CH2)n N、
3
(d)
3) 所述芳基多氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂反应得到式(e)所示的芳基多氧 烷基季铵类化合物;
Figure imgf000013_0002
(e) 其中, !^为!!或^ ~ C16烷基, 位于邻位、 间位或对位; n为 2 ~ 6的整数; R2为 H或 d ~C16烷基; R3为 H或 d ~C16烷基; R4为 C ds烷基; 1为 或 C1; X为 Cl、 Br或 I。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, :^为。 〜^。烷基, R2 为 d~C6烷基, R3为 d~C6烷基。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述酚为苯酚、 曱酚、 5-曱基 -2-异丙苯酚、 2-曱基 -5-异丙苯酚、对叔丁基苯酚、对仲丁基苯酚、 对叔戊基曱酚、对仲辛基苯酚或对叔辛基苯酚中的一种; 所述二 代多亚烷基 醚为 β,β'-二氯二乙醚、 β,β'-二氯二异丙醚、 β,β'-二氯二丁醚、 β,β'-二氯二戊醚、 β,β'—二溴二乙醚、 β,β'-二溴二异丙醚、 β,β'-二溴二丁醚、 β,β'-二溴二戊醚中的 一种。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 1 ) 中酚与二卤 代多亚烷基醚的摩尔比为 1:1 ~ 1:10。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 1 )和 2 ) 中 的相转移催化剂为季铵盐、季膦盐、聚醚类化合物或环状冠酸化合物中的一种 或几种。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 1 ) 中相转移催 化剂的量为所述酚的摩尔数的 1%~50%; 所述 2) 中相转移催化剂的量为所 述芳基多氧烷基 化物的摩尔数的 1%~50%。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述季铵盐的化学式 为式(f), 所述季 Rii Y
Figure imgf000014_0001
(f) (g)
其中 R5、 R6、 R7、 R8均为 C2~C8烷基; R9、 R10、 Ru、 R12均为 C2 ~ C8烷基; Y一为 HS04—、 Br—或 CI一。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述季铵盐为四烷基 铵盐或苯曱基三烷基铵盐; 所述季膦盐为四烷基膦盐或苯曱基三烷基膦盐。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述季铵盐为苄基三 乙基氯化铵、 四丁基氯化铵、 四丁基溴化铵、 四丁基硫酸铵中的一种或几种; 所述季膦盐为曱基三苯基溴化膦;所述聚醚类化合物为链状聚乙二醇或聚乙二 醇二烷基醚类中的一种或两种; 所述环状冠醚类化合物为 18冠 6、 15冠 5、 环糊精类化合物中的一种或几种。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 1 )在碱性 条件下进行, 加入的碱为氨基钠、 曱醇钠、 氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾、 碳酸钾中的 一种或几种; 所述碱与所述酚的摩尔比为 1:1.0~ 1:5.0。
11、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 1 ) 的反应 温度为 40 °C ~ 250 °C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 72h。
12、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 1 )在有机 溶剂中进行,所述有机溶剂为二曱基亚砜、曱基乙基亚砜、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二曱基乙酰胺、 二乙基曱酰胺、 二丙二醇二曱醚、 二丙二醇二乙醚、 二 乙二醇二曱醚、 二乙二醇二乙醚、 乙二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇二 曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 丁酮、 曱基异丁基酮、 曱基正丁基酮、 曱基叔丁基酮、 曱基异戊基酮、 乙基异丁基酮、 乙基正丁基酮、 乙基叔丁基酮、 乙基异戊基酮、 2-己酮、 3-己酮、 二乙基酮、 环己酮、 环戊酮、 三氯乙烯、 三氯乙烷、 二氯乙 烷、 氯仿、 四氯化碳、 Ν-曱基吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 曱苯、 二曱苯、 乙苯、 乙 酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
13、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 2 ) 中胺化 试剂为氨、 曱胺、 二曱胺、 乙胺、 二乙胺、 单乙醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 二苯曱胺、 环己胺、 哌啶、 吗啉中的一种。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 2 ) 中芳基多 氧烷基卤化物与胺化试剂的摩尔比为 1 : 1.0 ~ 1 : 12.0。
15、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 2 )的反应 温度为 40 °C ~ 200 °C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 48h。
16、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 3 ) 中烷化 试剂为苄基氯、 苄基溴、 对曱氧基氯化苄、 2-曱基 -1-烯丙基氯、 碘曱烷、 溴乙 烷中的一种。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 3 ) 中芳基多 氧烷基胺化物与烷化试剂的摩尔比为 1 : 1 ~ 1 : 10。
18、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 3 )的反应 温度为 40°C ~ 250 °C , 反应时间为 lh ~ 48h。
19、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 3 )在有机 溶剂中进行, 所述有机溶剂为含有 2 ~ 8个碳原子的卤代烃、 酮、 醚及芳烃类, 具体为丁酮、 曱基异丁基酮、 曱基正丁基酮、 曱基叔丁基酮、 曱基异戊基酮、 乙基异丁基酮、 乙基正丁基酮、 乙基叔丁基酮、 乙基异戊基酮、 2-己酮、 3-己 酮、 二乙基酮、 环己酮、 环戊酮、 二曱基亚砜、 曱基乙基亚砜、 Ν,Ν-二曱基曱 酰胺、 Ν,Ν-二曱基乙酰胺、 二乙基曱酰胺、 二丙二醇二曱醚、 二丙二醇二乙 醚、 二乙二醇二曱醚、 二乙二醇二乙醚、 乙二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙 二醇二曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 三氯乙烯、 三氯乙烷、 二氯乙烷、 氯仿、 四氯化 碳、 N-曱基吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 曱苯、 二曱苯、 乙苯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 乙酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
20、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 3 )使用结 晶溶剂,所述结晶溶剂为二硫化碳、异丙醚、石油醚、环己烷中的一种或几种。
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JP2014503487A (ja) 2014-02-13
CN102993031A (zh) 2013-03-27
JP5739003B2 (ja) 2015-06-24
EP2703382A4 (en) 2015-03-18
US20140187819A1 (en) 2014-07-03
US9018418B2 (en) 2015-04-28
KR20140063503A (ko) 2014-05-27
EP2703382A1 (en) 2014-03-05

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