WO2013026385A1 - 四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺 - Google Patents

四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺 Download PDF

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WO2013026385A1
WO2013026385A1 PCT/CN2012/080398 CN2012080398W WO2013026385A1 WO 2013026385 A1 WO2013026385 A1 WO 2013026385A1 CN 2012080398 W CN2012080398 W CN 2012080398W WO 2013026385 A1 WO2013026385 A1 WO 2013026385A1
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group
polysaccharide
generation
culture
vaccine
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PCT/CN2012/080398
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蔡勇
周蓉
李声友
侯文礼
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成都康华生物制品有限公司
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02Bacterial antigens
    • A61K39/095Neisseria
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/04Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of vaccine preparation, in particular to a preparation process of a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Background technique
  • Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is a purulent meningitis caused by meningococcus, which is called a cerebral ventricle.
  • the epidemic of the cerebral palsy was discovered as early as the 16th century, and the susceptible population was mainly children and adolescents.
  • Symptoms of the disease are divided into common type and explosive type; common type manifests as menstrual irritation such as severe headache, frequent vomiting, irritability and neck tonic Kelniig's sign and Bruzinski's sign, accompanied by respiratory, circulatory failure or other concurrent
  • the disease is more common in children. The onset is sharp and the condition is dangerous. If it is not rescued in time, it is often life-threatening within 24 hours.
  • the explosive mortality rate can reach 40 ⁇ 60%.
  • Meningococcal cryptococcus is concealed in the nasopharyngeal secretions of patients or carriers, mainly through coughing, sneezing, talking, etc., which are directly transmitted from the air by droplets and enter the respiratory tract to cause infection.
  • This zone has extended eastward to Ethiopia and has expanded to Senegal to the west, involving 18 countries, with a population of approximately 300 million, and an expanding trend. Since 1980, this area It is regularly outbreaks. In recent years, the outbreak of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis has been dominated by the past A group, and gradually evolved into the coexistence of group A and other groups. In 1996, the largest epidemic of epidemic cerebrospinal fever occurred in sub-Saharan African countries. The number of reported cases was over 180,000, and the deaths were 18,000. The epidemic flora was dominated by B and C. In 2000 and 2001, there were two outbreaks of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in the Haji region of Saudi Arabia.
  • epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis also has the characteristics of bacterial drift, such as the prevalence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in group A in the United States, and the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in group B, and later changed to Group C epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is prevalent, and it is now converted to the Y group.
  • the prevalence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in China is mainly based on group A.
  • group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine With the widespread use of group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, the population has certain immunity to group A meningococcal bacteria, and the proportion of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by group A meningococcal bacteria is decreasing year by year, and by C Cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by group and other groups of meningococcal disease have increased year by year. In recent years, local outbreaks of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in C group have occurred occasionally. From December last year to January this year, 60 cases of C group epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis occurred in 11 cities in Anhui province, and 8 cases died.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation process of a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, which can prepare a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, which is a tetravalent vaccine, and has a plurality of immunological effects by one injection; And the vaccine safety and various calibration parameters are in line with the standard.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is: a preparation process of a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the strains for production are group A strains of Neisseria meningitidis, group C strains of Neisseria meningitidis, group Y of N. meningitidis and group W135 of meningitis Streptococcus species;
  • the culture is terminated in the late stage of the logarithmic growth phase or in the early stage of the stationary phase.
  • the sample is subjected to a pure bacteria test. After passing the test, the formaldehyde solution is added to the harvested culture solution to the final concentration by volume fraction. 1%, sterilized for 30 minutes;
  • De-bacteria The sterilized culture solution was centrifuged through a 14000 rpm tubular continuous flow centrifuge at a centrifugal flow rate of 1500 to 1600 ml/min, and the supernatant was collected;
  • the collected precipitate was uniformly ground with 1 mol/LCaC12 to obtain a mixed polysaccharide complex; the polysaccharide complex of the mixed hook was collected in a bottle, placed on a magnetic stirrer, and stirred for 1 hour to make the polysaccharide and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is fully dissociated;
  • Denuclease Add 95% ethanol cooled at 2 ⁇ 8 °C to the polysaccharide complex to a final concentration of 25% by volume, shake well, store at 2 ⁇ 8 °C, and let the group A polysaccharide sit. Store for 1 ⁇ 3 hours, group C and W135 are stored for 16 ⁇ 20 hours, Y group polysaccharides are stored for 10 ⁇ 14 hours; centrifuged at 4000rpm for 30 minutes, precipitated, and the supernatant is collected;
  • Precipitating and collecting polysaccharides adding 95% ethanol to the above supernatant by adding 2-8 °C to the final concentration: Group A is 80% by volume fraction; Group C, Group Y and Group W135 by volume fraction Calculated as 75%, fully shaken, allowed to stand for 1 to 2 hours after the precipitation appeared; centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes to collect the precipitate; washed twice with absolute ethanol and acetone, collect the polysaccharide precipitate, and air-dried with compressed air; Is a crude polysaccharide; stored at -20 ° C or below, to be purified;
  • Precipitating polysaccharide Add 95% ethanol to the harvest liquid collected in step (10) to a final concentration of 80% by volume group A, group C, group Y and group W135 by volume The number is 75%; shake well, place the cold storage at 2 ⁇ 8 °C for 1 hour, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate; wash with ethanol and acetone for more than 2 times, collect the polysaccharide precipitate, air dry, and dry the precipitate. It is a refined polysaccharide, stored at -20 ° C or below; the extraction process is carried out below 15 ° C. The fine polysaccharide is dissolved in sterile water for injection, and is filtered as a stock solution after filtration. It is required to pass the 0.2 ⁇ filter membrane integrity test before and after filtration, and the original solution is sampled and tested;
  • Dispensing, lyophilizing, preparing vaccine products The above-mentioned semi-finished products are packed with washing and drying hydrating components, glass-controlled injection bottles are packed, and the packing specification is 0.5ml/bottle. The halogenated butyl rubber stopper is automatically added during the dispensing process. After the sub-packing is completed, freeze-drying within 6 hours after the dispensing; vacuum tamping and capping after completion of lyophilization; fluoroscopy and labeling of finished rolled products; finished lyophilized vaccine finished product , send 2 ⁇ 8 ° C cold storage to save.
  • the method of judging that the bacterial culture reaches the late phase of the logarithmic growth phase or the quiescent phase is that the bacterial concentration does not increase, reaching 16 billion /ml or the pH starts to rise to 7.0 to 7.5.
  • the step (3) culture conditions of the large tank culture the medium amount is 300 ⁇ 600L, the aeration rate is 10 ⁇ 30m3 / h, the stirring speed is 200 ⁇ 350rpm, and the pH is maintained at 6.70 ⁇ with 20% NaOH solution. 7.40;
  • the concentration of the bacterial liquid and the Gram staining microscopic examination are carried out. If the contaminated bacteria are found, they are discarded after sterilization at 121 °C for 30 minutes.
  • the formula of the 10% sheep blood agar medium is: 10 ml of sheep blood, 100 ml of agar medium; 100 ml of agar medium.
  • modified semi-integrated solid medium is formulated as: 1000 ml, including
  • hydrochloric acid casein hydrolyzate or hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed casein is calculated as 1300mg according to total nitrogen; 2% hydrochloric acid casein hydrolysate is calculated as 1300mg according to total nitrogen; yeast dialysate 50ml; starch 5g; potassium dihydrogen phosphate lg; magnesium sulfate 0.6 g; glucose 2g; agar 26g.
  • the modified semi-integrated liquid medium is composed of a liquid solution and a liquid liquid
  • the formula of 10000ml is:
  • the liquid solution comprises 50% hydrochloric acid casein hydrolyzate or hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed casein calculated as 13000mg according to total nitrogen; yeast dialysate 100ml; potassium chloride 10g; L-glutamic acid sodium 10g; 12.5 g of ammonium; 7.5 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate; 2.5 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate; 3 ml of 10% cystine solution;
  • the liquid B includes 6 g of magnesium sulfate and 55 g of glucose.
  • the present invention has advantages over the prior art in that: the present invention adopts an ultrafiltration membrane process to achieve the purpose of simultaneously removing the heteroprotein and endotoxin in one step; not only ensuring the ACYW135 four prepared by the present invention.
  • the purity and immunological activity of the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine meets the standards, reducing the economic cost of the preparation process.
  • the invention discloses a preparation process of a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and those skilled in the art can learn from the contents of the paper and appropriately improve the process parameters. It is to be noted that all such alternatives and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in the present invention.
  • the method and the application of the present invention have been described by the preferred embodiments, and it is obvious that the method and application described herein may be modified or appropriately modified and combined without departing from the scope of the present invention. The technique of the present invention is applied.
  • Example 1 Preparation of ACYW135 tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
  • the preparation process of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine comprises the following steps:
  • the strains for production are group A strains of Neisseria meningitidis, group C strains of Neisseria meningitidis, group Y of N. meningitidis and group W135 of meningitis Streptococcus species;
  • Seed batch systems should be established for the production of strains.
  • the original seed lot should verify its record, history, source and biological characteristics.
  • the second generation was passed down, and the second generation culture was collected into sterile skim milk and mixed and lyophilized to prepare the main seed batch.
  • plant one main seed strain After the start, the culture was transferred to the second generation under the same conditions as above, and then lyophilized as a working seed batch after amplification.
  • the biological characteristics of the main seed batch and the working seed batch must be checked after lyophilization.
  • the biological characteristics of the main seed batch and the working seed batch should be consistent with the original seed strain.
  • the main seed batch is used to produce a working seed lot, and the working seed lot is used to produce a vaccine.
  • the main seed batch is prepared after the original seed batch is opened and passed through the second generation. After the main seed batch is opened, the second generation preparation working seed batch is transferred; after the working seed batch is opened, the production seed is passed for 4 generations. The number of passages after the work seed batch is opened to the inoculation fermenter shall not exceed 5 generations.
  • the third generation was passed.
  • the strain was inoculated into a modified semi-integrated liquid medium of 30 ⁇ 40 L, and the fourth generation was continued.
  • the fourth generation was continued, and the deep-stage aeration was carried out for 3-8 hours at 35 ⁇ 37 °C. Smear microscopy and determination of bacterial concentration.
  • the 4th generation strain is inoculated as a production seed to the large tank culture.
  • the culture condition of the large tank culture is: liquid culture in a culture tank, and the medium is a modified semi-integrated liquid medium, and the medium amount is 300 to 600L.
  • the mixture was agitated and cultured in a deep aeration.
  • the aeration rate is 10 ⁇ 30m3 / h, and the stirring speed is 200 ⁇ 350rpm.
  • the pH was maintained in the range of 6.70 to 7.40 with 20% NaOH solution.
  • the concentration of the bacterial liquid and the Gram staining microscopic examination are carried out. If the contaminated bacteria are found, they should be discarded after being sterilized at 121 °C for 30 minutes.
  • Large tank cultures produce vaccine stocks, and each working seed is used for 1 batch of vaccine stock.
  • the culture is terminated in the late stage of the logarithmic growth phase or in the early stage of the stationary phase.
  • the sample is subjected to the pure bacteria test.
  • the formaldehyde solution is added to the harvested culture solution to the final concentration by volume fraction. 1%, sterilized for 30 minutes; the culture was terminated in the late stage of the logarithmic growth phase or in the early stage of the stationary phase.
  • the A group, the C group and the W135 group were generally cultured for 6.5 ⁇ 1 hour, and the Y group culture was generally 11 ⁇ 3 hours.
  • the culture can be terminated, and the sampling is carried out for pure bacterial test when the culture is terminated.
  • the test solution was added to the harvested culture solution to a final concentration of 1% (V/V) and sterilized for 30 minutes.
  • Bacterial removal The sterilized culture solution was centrifuged through a 14000 rpm tubular continuous flow centrifuge at a centrifugal flow rate of 1500 to 1600 ml/min, and the supernatant was collected.
  • the collected precipitate was uniformly ground with 1 mol/LCaC12 to obtain a mixed polysaccharide complex; the polysaccharide complex of the mixed hook was collected in a bottle, placed on a magnetic stirrer, and stirred for 1 hour to make the polysaccharide and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is sufficiently dissociated.
  • Denuclease Add 95% ethanol cooled at 2 ⁇ 8 °C to the polysaccharide complex to a final concentration of 25% by volume, shake well, store at 2 ⁇ 8 °C, and let the group A polysaccharide sit. Store for 1 ⁇ 3 hours, group C and W135 are stored for 16 ⁇ 20 hours, Y group polysaccharides are stored for 10 ⁇ 14 hours; centrifuged at 4000rpm for 30 minutes, precipitated, and the supernatant is collected;
  • Precipitating and collecting polysaccharides adding 95% ethanol to the above supernatant by adding 2-8 °C to the final concentration: Group A is 80% by volume fraction; Group C, Group Y and Group W135 by volume fraction Calculated as 75%, fully shaken, allowed to stand for 1 to 2 hours after the precipitation appeared; centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes to collect the precipitate; washed twice with absolute ethanol and acetone, collect the polysaccharide precipitate, and air-dried with compressed air; It is a crude polysaccharide; it is stored at -20 ° C or below and is to be purified.
  • the ultrafiltration operating pressure is 200 kPa, and the ultrafiltration membrane process achieves a one-step removal of the heteroprotein and endotoxin, so that the number of process steps is small and the destruction of the antigen is reduced.
  • the content of heteroprotein in polysaccharides of group A and group C was ⁇ 10 mg/g
  • the content of heteroprotein in group Y polysaccharide was ⁇ 35.61 ⁇
  • the content of heteroprotein in group W135 was ⁇ 35.2 mg/g
  • A, C The endotoxin content of polysaccharides of Y and W135 groups were ⁇ 12EU/g, respectively.
  • Antigen recovery rate Group A polysaccharide >65.2%
  • Precipitating Polysaccharide Add 95% ethanol to the harvest liquid collected in step (10) to a final concentration of 80% by volume group A, group C, Y group and W135 group by volume fraction of 75 Shake well, place the cold storage at 2 ⁇ 8 °C for 1 hour, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate by centrifugation for 10 minutes, wash the mixture with anhydrous ethanol and acetone for more than 2 times, collect the polysaccharide precipitate, and dry it with compressed air.
  • the dried precipitate is refined polysaccharide. , stored at -20 ° C or below; the extraction process is carried out below 15 ° C.
  • the sterile polysaccharide is dissolved in sterile water for injection, and is filtered as a stock solution after filtration. It is required to pass the 0.2 ⁇ filter membrane integrity test before and after filtration, and the original solution is sampled and tested;
  • the fluoroscopy is carried out by visual inspection by bottle-by-bottle inspection, and the unqualified products such as capping, loading, empty bottles, broken bottles, foreign bodies, and shrinkage are removed.
  • the ambient temperature of the inspection shall not exceed 30 °C, and the inspection shall be completed in time for labeling.
  • Labeling is carried out by labeling machine.
  • One bottle of vaccine ACYW1305 is labeled with a four-valent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and the finished products are delivered in a timely manner at 2 ⁇ 8 ° C for storage.
  • the ambient temperature of the entire fluoroscopy and labeling process must not exceed 30 °C.
  • the raw liquid production yield of the vaccine preparation process of the invention opening one working seed can produce crude polysaccharide per 100L large tank culture amount: group A 16 ⁇ 51g, group 9 ⁇ 29, group 2 ⁇ 6g, W135 Group 3 ⁇ 9g.
  • the yield of each batch of refined polysaccharide in the preparation process of the vaccine of the present invention (the amount of refined polysaccharide obtained) / (the amount of crude polysaccharide input before refining) X 100%, the yield of each process from the extraction and purification of crude polysaccharide to refined polysaccharide For: group A 35 ⁇ 59%, group C 41 ⁇ 57%, group Y 35 ⁇ 79%, W135 group 29 ⁇ 77%.
  • the medium used in the above preparation process is as follows:
  • the first generation is 10% sheep blood agar medium
  • the second generation to the third generation are modified semi-integrated solid medium
  • the fourth generation production seed strain preparation and the fifth generation large tank culture are improved.
  • Semi-integrated liquid medium The modified semi-integrated liquid medium for production does not contain a component which forms a precipitate with the added cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and does not contain harmful or other allergens.
  • the main seed batch and the working seed batch strain of the present invention must be subjected to biological property verification after lyophilization, and the biological characteristics of the main seed batch and the working seed batch strain should be consistent with the original seed batch.
  • the biological property verification content and corresponding methods are as follows:
  • the strain was inoculated on a 10% sheep blood agar medium, and meningococcal bacteria did not grow at 25 °C. After culturing for 16-20 hours at 35 ⁇ 37 °C and 5-10% carbon dioxide, smooth, moist and off-white colonies grow, and the fungus is easily removed, showing a uniform suspension in 0.85% sodium chloride solution. Staining microscopy was Gram-negative diplococcus and monococci.
  • Biochemical characteristics Inoculated in glucose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, fructose and sugar biochemical reaction tubes, cultured at 35 ⁇ 37 °C for 5-7 days, A, C, Y, W135 group fermented glucose, maltose , acid production does not produce gas, does not ferment lactose, mannitol, fructose and sucrose.
  • c Serological test The fungus will be cultured at 35 ⁇ 37 °C for 16 ⁇ 20 hours, suspended in After 0.85% sodium chloride solution (containing 0.5% formaldehyde), or heated at 56 ° C for 30 minutes, sterilize 1.0 109 ⁇ 2.0 109 per 1 ml of bacteria, and make quantitative agglutination reaction with the same group of serum, place 35 ⁇
  • the vaccine preparation prepared by the present invention forms a distinct sedimentation line with the meningococcal antibodies of the C, Y, and W135 groups, respectively.
  • At least 1 batch of vaccine was taken every 5 batches to check the molecular size of the polysaccharide.
  • the Kd values of the A, C, Y and W135 groups were ⁇ 0.4.
  • the growth of the test bacteria was observed by direct inoculation.
  • the guinea pig is given a dose of 5 ml (10 human dose), and the mouse is injected at a dose of 0.5 ml (1 human dose), which is in compliance with the regulations.
  • the injected dose is 0.1 ⁇ g of polysaccharide per IKg of rabbit body weight, which is in compliance with regulations.
  • the preparation process of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine proposed by the present invention can be better achieved by the embodiments, and the related art can obviously without departing from the scope, spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the technique of the present invention is carried out by modifying or appropriately modifying and combining the preparation process of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine described herein. It is to be understood that all such alternatives and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and are considered to be included in the spirit, scope and content of the present invention.

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Abstract

本发明公开四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:选用菌种;种子批的建立及传代;生产疫苗原液;收获及杀菌;去菌体;沉淀、解离;去核酸;沉淀收集多糖;超滤膜过程去除杂蛋白和内毒素;沉淀精多糖;半成品配制;分装、冻干,制备疫苗成品。该制备工艺制备得到的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗为四价疫苗,注射一针即有多种免疫效用;并且该疫苗安全性和各项检定参数都符合标准。

Description

四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺 本申请要求于 2011 年 8 月 25 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110245718.3、 发明名称为"四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺"的中 国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及疫苗制备领域,具体的, 涉及四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的 制备工艺。 背景技术
流行性脑脊髓膜炎是由脑膜炎双球菌引起的化脓性脑膜炎, 筒称流 脑。 流脑的流行早在 16世纪即被发现, 易感人群主要为儿童及青少年。 发病症状分普通型和爆发型; 普通型表现为剧烈头疼、 频繁呕吐、烦躁不 安和颈项强直凯尔尼格征和布鲁津斯基征阳性等脑膜刺激症状, 伴有呼 吸、 循环衰竭或其它并发症; 爆发型多见于儿童病人。 起病急剧, 病情凶 险, 如不及时抢救, 常在 24小时内危及生命。 爆发型病死率最高可达 40~60%。 任何年龄都可发病, 其中 14岁以下年龄、 尤其是 7岁以下儿童 发病率最高。脑膜炎双球菌隐藏于患者或带菌者的鼻咽分泌物中,主要通 过咳嗽、打喷嚏、说话等由飞沫直接从空气传播,进入呼吸道而引起感染。
从全球来看,流脑散发病例和地方性流行仍然在危害人类健康。其流 行的地域分布极广,几乎遍及各大洲。各国之间流脑的发病水平差异 4艮大, 在发展中国家发病率相对较高, 在非洲发病率最高。 当今, 全世界每年发 生 30万〜 35万流脑病例。 高发地区依然是非洲、 亚洲和南美洲。 非洲撒 哈拉以南的 "脑膜炎地带 "的发病率最高, 在流行年度可高达 400 /十万〜 800 /十万。 由于地理及气候原因,流行季节一般在 11月底至次年 6月底 之间。 这一地带向东已延伸至埃塞俄比亚,往西已扩大到塞内加尔, 涉及 18个国家, 约有 3亿人口, 且还有扩大的趋势。 自 1980年起, 这一地带 呈有规律地暴发流行。 近年来, 流行性脑脊髓膜炎爆发流行由过去的 A 群为主, 逐渐演变为 A群与其他群并存。 1996年, 南撒哈拉非洲国家发 生一次历史上最大的流脑流行,报道病例数达 18万以上,死亡 18000人, 流行菌群以 B群和 C群为主。 2000年与 2001年沙特阿拉伯哈吉地区两 次爆发流行性脑脊髓膜炎, 共发病 500多例, 其中 230多例为 W135 群, 其余均为 A群。 据 WHO报告, 2002年春季布基纳法索爆发流脑, 发病 12, 587例, 死亡 1 , 447 例, 死亡率 11.5%。 也主要以 W135 群为主。 我国在 1938年、 1949年、 1959年、 1967年、 1977年共发生过五次全国 性流脑大流行, 平均约 8 ~ 10年流行一次, 主要以 A群脑膜炎双球菌引 起的流脑流行为主。 1967年春季发病率达到最高峰, 为 403/10万, 病死 率 5.49%。 80年代初我国研制的 A群流脑多糖疫苗获准投入使用, 预防 效果良好, 80年代以后我国未再发生全国性的大流行。 1985年发病率为 9.9/10万, 1986年 ~ 1989年的发病率依次为 7.56/10万、 3.21/10万、 1.97/10 万、 1.32/10万。 疫苗的使用, 有效地控制了流行高峰。 但散发病例仍然 存在。根据流行规律,推测近几年我国将是流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行周期。 近年来,流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行还具有菌群漂移的特点,如美国从前为 A群流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行, 以后为 B群流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行, 再后 来又转为 C群流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行, 目前则转为 Y群流行。 我国的流 行性脑脊髓膜炎流行主要以 A群为主。 随着 A群流脑多糖疫苗的广泛使 用, 人群对 A群流脑双球菌具有一定的免疫力, 由 A群流脑双球菌引起 的流行性脑脊髓膜炎比例呈逐年下降趋势, 而由 C群及其他群流脑双球 菌引起的流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例逐年上升。 最近几年 C群流行性脑脊髓 膜炎局部爆发偶有发生, 去年 12月至今年 1月安徽省 11市共发生 C群 流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例 60例, 死亡 8例。 福建省去年底也发生 4例 C群 流行性脑脊髓膜炎。从流行趋势看, C群流行性脑脊髓膜炎发病例数逐年 增多, 发病范围逐渐扩大。 此外, 也不排除非洲国家流行的 W135群流行 性脑脊髓膜炎, 美国流行的 Y群等流行性脑脊髓膜炎输入我国的可能性。 在非洲和亚洲都存在流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行带, 过去也都以 A群流行性 脑脊髓膜炎流行为主,但非洲流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行带已转为 W135群流 行为主, A群流行为辅的现象。 随着国际间交流的增加, 人员流动频繁, 在国外流行的 Y型和 W135型流脑输入我国的可能性也在增加。 因此, 研制 (A+C+Y+W135 ) 四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗具有重要意义。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备 工艺,该制备工艺可以制备得到的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗,为四价疫苗, 注射一针即有多种免疫效用;并且该疫苗安全性和各项检定参数都符合标 准。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:四价脑膜炎球菌多糖 疫苗的制备工艺, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:
(1)选用菌种: 生产用菌种为 A群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种、 C群脑膜 炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种、 Y群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种和 W135群脑膜炎奈瑟氏 球菌菌种;
( 2 )种子批的建立及传代: 将 1支原始种子冻干菌种开启后, 接种 在 10%羊血琼脂培养基上, 放于 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境培养 16 ~ 20小时传第二代, 将第二代培养物采入无菌脱脂牛奶中, 混勾冻干 制备主代种子批; 再将 1支主种子批菌种开启后, 接种在 10%羊血琼脂 培养基上, 放于 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境培养 16 ~ 20小时传第 二代, 冻干为工作种子批;所述主种子批和所述工作种子批菌种冻干后进 行生物学特性检定,所述主种子批和所述工作种子批菌种的生物学特性与 原始种子批菌种一致;
( 3 )生产疫苗原液: 开启工作种子批菌种 1支, 接种于 10%羊血琼 脂培养基制备第一代,将第 1代菌种接种于改良半综合固体培养基,继续 传代第 2代, 将第 2代菌种接种于改良半综合固体培养基, 继续传代第 3 代, 将第 3代菌种接种于改良半综合液体培养基, 继续传代第 4代, 继续 将第 4代菌种接种至大罐培养, 大罐培养为第 5代, 第 5代的大罐培养 为改良半综合液体培养基; 第 5代大罐培养的培养物生产疫苗原液, 每 1 支工作种子用于 1批疫苗原液生产;所述第 5代大罐培养采用培养罐液体 培养;
(4)收获及杀菌: 于对数生长期的后期或静止期的前期收获终止培 养,终止培养时取样进行纯菌试验,合格后在收获的培养液中加入甲醛溶 液至终浓度按体积分数计为 1%, 杀菌 30分钟;
(5)去菌体: 将已杀菌的培养液经 14000rpm管式连续流离心机离 心, 离心流速为 1500~ 1600ml/min, 收集上清液;
(6)沉淀、 解离: 所述步骤(5)收集的上清液, 加入 10%十六烷 基三甲基溴化铵至终浓度按体积分数计为 0.1%,充分混匀, A群静置 3 ~ 5小时, Y群静置 5 ~8小时, C、 W135群静置 8~12小时;以 14000rpm 管式连续流离心机离心, 离心流速为 2000 ~ 2500ml/min , 离心后收集沉 淀物;将收集的沉淀物用 lmol/LCaC12研磨均匀,得到混匀的多糖复合物; 将所述混勾的多糖复合物收集于瓶中, 放在磁力搅拌器上, 搅拌 1小时, 使多糖与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵充分解离;
( 7 )去核酸: 在多糖复合物中加入 2 ~ 8°C冷却过的 95%的乙醇至终 浓度按体积分数计为 25%, 摇匀, 2~8°C存放, A群多糖静置存放 1~3 小时, C群和 W135群静置存放 16~20小时, Y群多糖静置存放 10 ~ 14小时; 4000rpm离心 30分钟, 去沉淀, 收集上清液;
( 8 )沉淀收集多糖: 于上述上清液中加入 2 ~ 8°C冷却过 95%乙醇至 最终浓度为: A群按体积分数计为 80%; C群、 Y群及 W135群按体积分 数计为 75%, 充分振摇, 待沉淀出现后静置 1 ~2小时; 4000rpm离心 5 分钟收集沉淀; 用无水乙醇和丙酮洗涤 2次以上, 收集多糖沉淀, 压缩空 气风干; 干燥沉淀物即为多糖粗制品; 保存在 -20°C或以下, 待纯化;
( 9 )超滤膜过程去除杂蛋白和内毒素: 将所述步骤( 8 )得到的多糖 粗制品溶解于 1 / 10饱和中性乙酸钠溶液中, A群使其浓度达 15 ~ 20mg /ml, C群、 Y群和 W135群使其浓度达 10~15mg/ml; 用截留分子量 为 6000道尔顿的超滤膜进行超滤, 使杂蛋白和内毒素被截留在超滤膜上 从而被去除掉, 收集超滤液为收获液;
( 10)沉淀精多糖: 将步骤(10)收集的收获液中加入 95%的乙醇 至终浓度为 A群按体积分数计为 80%, C群、 Y群及 W135群按体积分 数计为 75%; 充分摇匀, 置冷库 2 ~ 8°C 1小时, 4000rpm l0分钟离心收 集沉淀物; 用无水乙醇和丙酮洗涤 2次以上, 收集多糖沉淀, 压缩空气风 干, 干燥沉淀物即为精多糖, 保存在 -20°C或以下; 提取过程在 15 °C以下 进行。 用无菌注射用水溶解精多糖, 经除菌过滤后即为原液,要求过滤前 后 0.2μιη滤膜完整性试验合格, 原液取样后进行检定;
( 11 )半成品配制: 合并单批或两批以上的原液后即为半成品, 用无 菌无热原乳糖和灭菌注射用水稀释至含 Α群、 C群、 Y群、 W135群多糖 分别为 100.0 g/ml, 乳糖为 20mg/ml; 稀释后立即经 0.2μιη过滤, 过滤 抽样送检, 于 2 ~ 8°C保存;
( 12 )分装、 冻干, 制备疫苗成品: 上述半成品采用洗烘灌联动机组 分装, 玻璃管制注射剂瓶盛装, 分装规格为 0.5ml/瓶, 分装过程中自动加 卤化丁基橡胶塞, 分装完成后, 在分装后 6小时内冻干; 冻 干完成即进 行真空压塞和轧盖; 完成轧盖的制品进行透视检查及贴签; 完成贴签的制 品即冻干疫苗成品, 送 2 ~ 8°C冷库保存。
进一步的, 所述步骤(4 ) 菌体培养达到对数生长期的后期或静止期 的前期的判断方法为, 细菌浓度不再增加, 达到 160亿 /ml或 pH开始回 升至 7.0 ~ 7.5。
进一步的, 所述步骤(3 ) 大罐培养的培养条件: 培养基量为 300 ~ 600L, 通气量为 10 ~ 30m3/h, 搅拌速度为 200 ~ 350rpm, 用 20%NaOH 溶液维持 pH在 6.70 ~ 7.40;在培养过程中,进行菌液浓度测定和革兰氏染 色镜检, 如发现污染杂菌, 121 °C , 30min灭菌处理后废弃。
进一步的, 所述 10%羊血琼脂培养基的配方为: 以 100ml计, 含有 羊血 10ml; 琼脂培养基 100 ml。
进一步的, 所述改良半综合固体培养基的配方为: 以 1000ml计, 含 有
50%盐酸酪素水解液或盐酸水解酪蛋白按总氮计算为 1300mg; 2%盐 酸酪素水解液按总氮计算为 1300mg; 酵母透析液 50ml; 淀粉 5g; 磷酸 二氢钾 lg; 硫酸镁 0.6g; 葡萄糖 2g; 琼脂 26g。
进一步的, 所述改良半综合液体培养基由甲液和乙液构成, 以 10000ml计的配方为: 所述甲液包括 50%盐酸酪素水解液或盐酸水解 酪蛋白按总氮计算为 13000mg; 酵母透析液 100ml; 氯化钾 10g; L-谷氨 酸钠 10g; 氯化铵 12.5g; 十二水合磷酸氢二钠 7.5g; 磷酸二氢钠 2.5g; 10%胱氨酸溶液 3ml; 所述乙液包括硫酸镁 6g和葡萄糖 55g。
综上所述, 本发明与现有技术相比, 其优点在于: 本发明采用了超滤 膜过程实现了一步法同时去除杂蛋白和内毒素的目的;不仅确保了本发明 制备得到的 ACYW135四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的纯度和免疫活性符合 标准, 减少了制备工艺的经济成本。 具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺,本领域技术 人员可以借鉴本文内容, 适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是, 所 有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为 包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相 关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应 用进行改动或适当变更与组合, 来实现和应用本发明技术。
下面结合实施例, 对本发明作进一步的详细说明, 但本发明的实施 方式不限于此。 实施例 1 ACYW135四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备
四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺, 包括如下步骤:
(1)选用菌种: 生产用菌种为 A群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种、 C群脑膜 炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种、 Y群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种和 W135群脑膜炎奈瑟氏 球菌菌种;
( 2 )种子批的建立及传代: 生产用菌种应建立种子批系统。 原始种 子批应验明其记录、 历史、 来源和生物学特性。 将 1支原始种子冻干菌种 开启后, 接种在 10%羊血琼脂培养基上, 放于 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化 碳环境培养 16 ~ 20小时, 在 35 ~ 37°C条件下传第二代, 将第二代培养物 采入无菌脱脂牛奶中混匀冻干制备主代种子批。再将 1支主种子批菌种开 启后, 采用上述相同条件培养传至第二代, 扩增后冻干为工作种子批。 主 种子批和工作种子批菌种冻干后均必须进行生物学特性检定,主种子批和 工作种子批菌种的各种生物学特性应与原始种子批菌种一致。主种子批菌 种用于生产工作种子批,工作种子批用于生产疫苗。主种子批由原始种子 批开启后传 2代制备,主种子批开启后传 2代制备工作种子批; 工作种子 批开启后传 4代制备生产用种子。工作种子批开启后至接种发酵罐培养传 代次数不得超过 5代。
( 3 )生产疫苗原液: 开启工作种子批菌种 1支, 接种于 10%羊血琼 脂培养基 2支, 放 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境培养 16 ~ 20小时, 涂片镜检合格, 将第 1代菌种接种于改良半综合固体培养基 4 ~ 6瓶, 继 续传代第 2代, 于 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境培养 10 ~ 18小时, 涂片镜检合格后将第 2代菌种接种于改良半综合固体培养基 20 ~ 25瓶, 继续传代第 3代, 于 35 ~ 37°C培养 10 ~ 18小时, 涂片镜检合格后将第 3 代菌种接种于改良半综合液体培养基 30 ~ 40 L, 继续传代第 4代, 继续 将第 4代, 于 35 ~ 37°C深层通气搅拌培养 3 ~ 8小时, 涂片镜检及细菌浓 度测定合格后将将第 4代菌种作为生产用种子接种至大罐培养。所述大罐 培养的培养条件为: 采用培养罐液体培养,培养基为改良半综合液体培养 基, 培养基量为 300 ~ 600L。 于大罐培养基中接种第 4代生产用种子后, 深层通气搅拌培养。 通气量为 10 ~ 30m3/h, 搅拌速度为 200 ~ 350rpm。 用 20%NaOH溶液维持 pH在 6.70 ~ 7.40范围。 在培养过程中, 进行菌液 浓度测定和革兰氏染色镜检, 如发现污染杂菌, 应 121 °C 30min灭菌处理 后废弃。 大罐培养的培养物生产疫苗原液,每 1支工作种子用于 1批疫苗 原液生产。
( 4 )收获及杀菌: 于对数生长期的后期或静止期的前期收获终止培 养,终止培养时取样进行纯菌试验,合格后在收获的培养液中加入甲醛溶 液至终浓度按体积分数计为 1%, 杀菌 30分钟; 于对数生长期的后期或 静止期的前期收获终止培养, A群、 C群及 W135群培养一般为 6.5 士 1 小时, Y群培养一般为 11 ± 3小时, 当细菌浓度不再增加,达到 160亿 /ml 或 pH开始回升至 7.0 ~ 7.5时即可终止培养,终止培养时取样进行纯菌试 验, 在收获的培养液中加入甲醛溶液至终浓度 1% (V/V), 杀菌 30分钟。
(5)去菌体: 将已杀菌的培养液经 14000rpm管式连续流离心机离 心, 离心流速为 1500~ 1600ml/min, 收集上清液。
(6)沉淀、 解离: 所述步骤(5) 收集的上清液, 加入 10%十六烷 基三甲基溴化铵至终浓度按体积分数计为 0.1%,充分混匀, A群静置 3 ~ 5小时, Y群静置 5 ~8小时, C、 W135群静置 8~12小时;以 14000rpm 管式连续流离心机离心, 离心流速为 2000 ~ 2500ml/min , 离心后收集沉 淀物;将收集的沉淀物用 lmol/LCaC12研磨均匀,得到混匀的多糖复合物; 将所述混勾的多糖复合物收集于瓶中, 放在磁力搅拌器上, 搅拌 1小时, 使多糖与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵充分解离。
( 7 )去核酸: 在多糖复合物中加入 2 ~ 8°C冷却过的 95%的乙醇至终 浓度按体积分数计为 25%, 摇匀, 2~8°C存放, A群多糖静置存放 1~3 小时, C群和 W135群静置存放 16~20小时, Y群多糖静置存放 10 ~ 14小时; 4000rpm离心 30分钟, 去沉淀, 收集上清液;
( 8 )沉淀收集多糖: 于上述上清液中加入 2 ~ 8°C冷却过 95%乙醇至 最终浓度为: A群按体积分数计为 80%; C群、 Y群及 W135群按体积分 数计为 75%, 充分振摇, 待沉淀出现后静置 1 ~2小时; 4000rpm离心 5 分钟收集沉淀; 用无水乙醇和丙酮洗涤 2次以上, 收集多糖沉淀, 压缩空 气风干; 干燥沉淀物即为多糖粗制品; 保存在 -20°C或以下, 待纯化。
( 9 )超滤膜过程去除杂蛋白和内毒素: 将所述步骤( 8 )得到的多糖 粗制品溶解于 1 / 10饱和中性乙酸钠溶液中, A群使其浓度达 15 ~ 20mg /ml, C群、 Y群和 W135群使其浓度达 10~15mg/ml; 用截留分子量 为 6000道尔顿的超滤膜进行超滤, 使杂蛋白和内毒素被截留在超滤膜上 从而被去除掉, 收集超滤液为收获液。
所述超滤运行压力为 200kPa, 超滤膜过程实现了一步法去除杂蛋白 和内毒素的效果, 因此工艺步骤较少, 并且减少了对抗原的破坏。 经超滤 膜过程处理后 A、 C群多糖中杂蛋白含量分别 <10mg/g, Y群多糖中杂 蛋白含量<35.61^ , W135群多糖中杂蛋白含量 <35.2mg/g, A、 C、 Y及 W135群多糖内毒素含量分别 <12EU/ g, 抗原回收率: A群多糖 >65.2%, C群多糖 > 75.5%, Y及 Wl 35群多糖分别〉 80%。
(10)沉淀精多糖: 将步骤(10)收集的收获液中加入 95%的乙醇 至终浓度为 A群按体积分数计为 80%, C群、 Y群及 W135群按体积分 数计为 75%; 充分摇匀, 置冷库 2~8°C1小时, 4000rpm, 10分钟离心收 集沉淀物; 用无水乙醇和丙酮洗涤 2次以上, 收集多糖沉淀, 压缩空气风 干, 干燥沉淀物即为精多糖, 保存在 -20°C或以下; 提取过程在 15°C以下 进行。 用无菌注射用水溶解精多糖, 经除菌过滤后即为原液,要求过滤前 后 0.2μιη滤膜完整性试验合格, 原液取样后进行检定;
(11)半成品配制: 合并单批或两批以上的原液后即为半成品, 用 无菌无热原乳糖和灭菌注射用水稀释至含 Α群、 C群、 Y群、 W135群多 糖分别为 100.0 μ g/ml, 乳糖为 20mg/ml; 稀释后立即经 0.2μιη过滤, 过 滤抽样送检, 于 2~8°C保存;
(12)分装、 冻干, 制备疫苗成品: 上述半成品采用洗烘灌联动机 组分装, 玻璃管制注射剂瓶盛装, 分装规格为 0.5ml/瓶, 分装过程中自动 加卤化丁基橡胶塞, 分装完成后, 在分装后 6小时内冻干; 冻干完成即进 行真空压塞和轧盖; 完成轧盖的制品进行透视检查及贴签; 完成贴签的制 品即冻干疫苗成品, 送 2~8°C冷库保存。 所述透视检查采用目测法逐瓶 透检, 剔除脱盖、 装量、 空瓶、 破瓶、 异物、 萎缩等外观不合格产品。 透 视检查环境温度不得高于 30°C, 检查完成及时进行贴签。 采用贴标机进 行贴签, 每瓶疫苗贴上 (ACYW135)四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗标签 1张, 完成贴签的制品及时送 2 ~ 8°C冷库保存待包装。 整个透视检查及贴签过 程环境温度不得高于 30°C。
本发明疫苗制备工艺的原液生产收率: 开启 1支工作种子按每 100L 大罐培养量计可制造出粗制多糖: A群 16~51g 、( 群9~29 、丫群2~ 6g 、 W135群 3~9g。
本发明疫苗制备工艺每批精多糖的收率 = (收得精多糖量) / (精 制前投入的粗多糖量) X 100% , 从粗多糖至精多糖的提取纯化过程的收 率各群分别为: A群 35 ~ 59%、 C群 41~57% 、 Y群 35~79% 、 W135 群 29 ~ 77%。 实施例 2 生产用培养基
上述制备工艺过程使用的培养基如下:
生产用种子的制备第 1代为 10%羊血琼脂培养基, 第 2代至第 3代 为改良半综合固体培养基,第 4代的生产用种子菌种制备以及第 5代的大 罐培养为改良半综合液体培养基。生产用的改良半综合液体培养基不含有 能与加入的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成沉淀的成分,不含有对人体有害或 其他过敏原物质。
a 10%羊血琼脂培养基
Figure imgf000011_0001
b 改良半综合固体培养基的配方(以 1000ml为例计)见下表:
Figure imgf000011_0002
c 流脑半综合液体培养基的配方(以 10000ml为例计)见下表:
Figure imgf000012_0001
实施例 3种子批的检定
本发明工艺的主种子批和工作种子批菌种冻干后均必须进行生物学 特性检定,主种子批和工作种子批菌种的各种生物学特性应与原始种子批 菌种一致。 所述生物学特性检定内容和相应方法如下:
a 形态及培养特性: 菌种接种在含 10%羊血琼脂培养基上, 脑膜炎 球菌在 25°C不生长。 于 35~37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境下培养 16 ~ 20 小时, 长出光滑、 湿润、 灰白色的菌落, 菌苔易取下, 在 0.85%氯化钠溶 液中呈现均匀混悬液。 染色镜检为革兰氏阴性双球菌、 单球菌。
b 生化特性: 接种于葡萄糖、 麦芽糖、 乳糖、 甘露醇、 果糖及 糖 生化反应管, 在 35~37°C条件下培养 5~7日, A、 C、 Y、 W135群菌种 发酵葡萄糖、 麦芽糖, 产酸不产气, 不发酵乳糖、 甘露醇、 果糖及蔗糖。
c 血清学试验: 将在 35~37°C培养 16~20小时的菌苔, 混悬于 0.85%氯化钠溶液 (含有 0.5%甲醛)中, 或 56°C加热 30分钟杀菌以后, 使 每 1 ml含菌 1.0 109 ~ 2.0 109,与同群血清做定量凝集反应,放置 35 ~
37°C过夜, 次日再放置室温 2小时观察结果, 以肉眼可见清晰凝集现象 ( + )之血清最高稀释度为凝集效价,所述凝集效价必须达到原血清效价 之半方可。 实施例 4 疫苗成品的检定
(1) 鉴别试验:采用免疫琼脂双扩散法, 本发明制备得到的疫苗成 品分别与 、 C、 Y、 W135群脑膜炎球菌抗体形成明显的沉淀线。
(2) 物理外观: 为白色疏松体, 加入下述 PBS后迅速溶解, 溶解 后应为澄明液体, 无异物。 所述 PBS配方见下表:
Figure imgf000013_0001
(3)化学检定:
a 水分: 不高于 3.0%。
b 多糖含量测定: 采用定量免疫化学方法测定, 每 1人用剂量
(0.5ml)含 A群多糖 35 ~ 66 g, C群多糖为 35 ~ 65 μ g, Y群多糖为 35~65 g, W135群多糖为 35~65 g。
c 分子大小测定
每 5批疫苗至少抽 1批检查多糖分子大小。 A、 C、 Y及 W135群多 糖 Kd值分别 < 0.4。 Kd值小于 0.5的洗脱液多糖回收率: A群多糖 > 65.2%, C群多糖 > 75.5%, Y及 W135群多糖分别〉 80%。
d无菌检查
采用直接接种法观察试验菌的生长情况。
e异常毒性检查 豚鼠注射剂量为 5ml (10个人用剂量), 小鼠注射剂量为 0.5 ml ( 1个 人用剂量), 符合规定。
实验 1
Figure imgf000014_0001
因此, 本发明制备的疫苗合格 实验 2
Figure imgf000015_0001
实验 1和实验 2的结果显示,观察期到后动物均健康存活且体重增加 因此判断本发明制备的疫苗是安全的。
f 热原检查
注射剂量按家兔体重每 IKg注射 0.1 μ g多糖, 符合规定。 实验 3
Figure imgf000016_0001
因此, 本发明制备的疫苗合格。
如上所述, 便可较好地实现本发明 本发明提出的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺已通过实施例进 行了描述,相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本 文所述的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺进行改动或适当变更与组 合, 来实现本发明技术。 特别需要指出的是, 所有相类似的替换和改动对 本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的, 它们都被视为包括在本发明的精神、 范围和内容中。

Claims

1、 四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺, 其特征在于, 包括如下步 骤:
(1)选用菌种: 生产用菌种为 A群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种、 C群脑膜 炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种、 Y群脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌菌种和 W135群脑膜炎奈瑟氏 球菌菌种;
( 2 )种子批的建立及传代: 将 1支原始种子冻干菌种开启后, 接种 在 10%羊血琼脂培养基上, 放于 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境培养 16 ~ 20小时传第二代, 将第二代培养物采入无菌脱脂牛奶中, 混勾冻干 制备主代种子批; 再将 1支主种子批菌种开启后, 接种在 10%羊血琼脂 培养基上, 放于 35 ~ 37°C、 5 ~ 10%二氧化碳环境培养 16 ~ 20小时传第 二代, 冻干为工作种子批;所述主种子批和所述工作种子批菌种冻干后进 行生物学特性检定,所述主种子批和所述工作种子批菌种的生物学特性与 原始种子批菌种一致;
( 3 )生产疫苗原液: 开启工作种子批菌种 1支, 接种于 10%羊血琼 脂培养基制备第一代,将第 1代菌种接种于改良半综合固体培养基,继续 传代第 2代, 将第 2代菌种接种于改良半综合固体培养基, 继续传代第 3 代, 将第 3代菌种接种于改良半综合液体培养基, 继续传代第 4代, 继续 将第 4代菌种接种至大罐培养, 大罐培养为第 5代, 第 5代的大罐培养 为改良半综合液体培养基; 第 5代大罐培养的培养物生产疫苗原液, 每 1 支工作种子用于 1批疫苗原液生产;所述第 5代大罐培养采用培养罐液体 培养;
( 4 )收获及杀菌: 于对数生长期的后期或静止期的前期收获终止培 养,终止培养时取样进行纯菌试验,合格后在收获的培养液中加入甲醛溶 液至终浓度按体积分数计为 1% , 杀菌 30分钟;
( 5 )去菌体: 将已杀菌的培养液经 14000rpm管式连续流离心机离 心, 离心流速为 1500 ~ 1600ml/min, 收集上清液;
( 6 )沉淀、 解离: 所述步骤(5 )收集的上清液, 加入 10%十六烷 基三甲基溴化铵至终浓度按体积分数计为 0.1%,充分混匀, A群静置 3 ~ 5小时, Y群静置 5 ~8小时, C、 W135群静置 8~12小时;以 14000rpm 管式连续流离心机离心, 离心流速为 2000 ~ 2500ml/min , 离心后收集沉 淀物;将收集的沉淀物用 lmol/LCaCl2研磨均匀,得到混匀的多糖复合物; 将所述混勾的多糖复合物收集于瓶中, 放在磁力搅拌器上, 搅拌 1小时, 使多糖与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵充分解离;
( 7 )去核酸: 在多糖复合物中加入 2 ~ 8°C冷却过的 95%的乙醇至终 浓度按体积分数计为 25%, 摇匀, 2~8°C存放, A群多糖静置存放 1~3 小时, C群和 W135群静置存放 16~20小时, Y群多糖静置存放 10 ~ 14小时; 4000rpm离心 30分钟, 去沉淀, 收集上清液;
(8)沉淀收集多糖: 于上述上清液中加入 2 ~8°C冷却过 95%乙醇至 最终浓度为: A群按体积分数计为 80%; C群、 Y群及 W135群按体积分 数计为 75%, 充分振摇, 待沉淀出现后静置 1 ~2小时; 4000rpm离心 5 分钟收集沉淀; 用无水乙醇和丙酮洗涤 2次以上, 收集多糖沉淀, 压缩空 气风干; 干燥沉淀物即为多糖粗制品; 保存在 -20°C或以下, 待纯化;
( 9 )超滤膜过程去除杂蛋白和内毒素: 将所述步骤( 8 )得到的多糖 粗制品溶解于 1 / 10饱和中性乙酸钠溶液中, A群使其浓度达 15 ~ 20mg /ml, C群、 Y群和 W135群使其浓度达 10~15mg/ml; 用截留分子量 为 6000道尔顿的超滤膜进行超滤, 使杂蛋白和内毒素被截留在超滤膜上 从而被去除掉, 收集超滤液为收获液;
(10)沉淀精多糖: 将步骤(10)收集的收获液中加入 95%的乙醇 至终浓度为 A群按体积分数计为 80%, C群、 Y群及 W135群按体积分 数计为 75%; 充分摇匀, 置冷库 2~8°C1小时, 4000rpml0分钟离心收 集沉淀物; 用无水乙醇和丙酮洗涤 2次以上, 收集多糖沉淀, 压缩空气风 干, 干燥沉淀物即为精多糖, 保存在 -20°C或以下; 提取过程在 15°C以下 进行; 用无菌注射用水溶解精多糖, 经除菌过滤后即为原液,要求过滤前 后 0.2μιη滤膜完整性试验合格, 原液取样后进行检定;
(11)半成品配制: 合并单批或两批以上的原液后即为半成品, 用无 菌无热原乳糖和灭菌注射用水稀释至含 Α群、 C群、 Y群、 W135群多糖 分别为 100.0 g/ml, 乳糖为 20mg/ml; 稀释后立即经 0.2μιη过滤, 过滤 抽样送检, 于 2 ~ 8°C保存;
( 12 )分装、 冻干, 制备疫苗成品: 上述半成品采用洗烘灌联动机组 分装, 玻璃管制注射剂瓶盛装, 分装规格为 0.5ml/瓶, 分装过程中自动加 卤化丁基橡胶塞, 分装完成后, 在分装后 6小时内冻干; 冻 干完成即进 行真空压塞和轧盖; 完成轧盖的制品进行透视检查及贴签; 完成贴签的制 品即冻干疫苗成品, 送 2 ~ 8°C冷库保存。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺, 其 特征在于, 所述步骤(4 ) 菌体培养达到对数生长期的后期或静止期的前 期的判断方法为, 细菌浓度不再增加, 达到 160亿 /ml或 pH开始回升至 7.0 ~ 7.5。
3. 根据权利要求 2任一项所述的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工 艺, 其特征在于,
所述步骤(3 ) 大罐培养的培养条件: 培养基量为 300 ~ 600L, 通气 量为 10 ~ 30m3/h, 搅拌速度为 200 ~ 350rpm, 用 20%NaOH溶液维持 pH 在 6.70 ~ 7.40;在培养过程中, 进行菌液浓度测定和革兰氏染色镜检, 如 发现污染杂菌, 121 °C , 30min灭菌处理后废弃。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺, 其 特征在于, 所述 10%羊血琼脂培养基的配方为: 以 100ml计, 含有羊血 10ml; 琼脂培养基 100 ml。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备 工艺, 其特征在于,
所述改良半综合固体培养基的配方为: 以 1000ml计, 含有
50%盐酸酪素水解液或盐酸水解酪蛋白按总氮计算为 1300mg;
2%盐酸酪素水解液按总氮计算为 1300mg;
酵母透析液 50ml;
淀粉 5g;
磷酸二氢钾 lg;
硫酸镁 0.6g; 葡萄糖 2g;
琼脂 26g。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备 工艺, 其特征在于, 所述改良半综合液体培养基由甲液和乙液构成, 以 10000ml计的配方为:
所述甲液包括
50%盐酸酪素水解液或盐酸水解酪蛋白按总氮计算为 13000mg; 酵母透析液 100ml;
氯化钾 10g;
L-谷氨酸钠 10g;
氯化铵 12.5g;
十二水合騎酸氢二钠 7.5g;
磷酸二氢钠 2.5g;
10%胱氨酸溶液 3ml;
所述乙液包括疏酸镁 6g和葡萄糖 55g。
PCT/CN2012/080398 2011-08-25 2012-08-21 四价脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备工艺 WO2013026385A1 (zh)

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