WO2013023453A1 - 沥青混凝土搅拌站及其除尘装置 - Google Patents

沥青混凝土搅拌站及其除尘装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023453A1
WO2013023453A1 PCT/CN2012/073892 CN2012073892W WO2013023453A1 WO 2013023453 A1 WO2013023453 A1 WO 2013023453A1 CN 2012073892 W CN2012073892 W CN 2012073892W WO 2013023453 A1 WO2013023453 A1 WO 2013023453A1
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Prior art keywords
dust
dust collecting
draft fan
induced draft
removing device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/073892
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程战锋
赵继成
王延恒
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重工股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一重工股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2013023453A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023453A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B08B15/007Fume suction nozzles arranged on a closed or semi-closed surface, e.g. on a circular, ring-shaped or rectangular surface adjacent the area where fumes are produced

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and in particular to an asphalt concrete mixing station dust removing device, and an asphalt concrete mixing station including the dust removing device.
  • asphalt concrete mixing plant In the construction of high-speed and high-grade roads, asphalt concrete mixing plant (collected as asphalt mixing plant) is one of the key machinery for asphalt pavement construction.
  • the production method of the equipment is to intermittently or continuously add the metered hot aggregate, mineral powder and asphalt to the mixing mainframe for mixing, and mix it into the required asphalt concrete under the specified time and conditions.
  • the finished asphalt concrete is generally unloaded into the finished material storage bin for temporary storage, and then discharged into the transport vehicle and transported to the pavement construction site.
  • the mixing station of the asphalt mixing station has a high position, and a large amount of dust and smoke are generated during discharging (especially when discharging the aggregate mixture including aggregate and mineral powder). Dust and smoke are diffused to a large area by the influence of wind power, etc., and the dust has a great influence on the environment.
  • the dust removal system used in the prior art is mainly composed of a closed grab body, a draft pipe, a dust suction port, a wind turbine assembly, a duct and an asphalt station dust collector assembly, and electrical control.
  • the air is ventilated by the air suction duct and the air intake duct, and the dust is led to the dust collector through the air duct for treatment. Due to the limited number of air inlets and the horizontal arrangement, it is impossible to collect the dust that is floating upwards effectively, and the dust collecting effect is not good; and the air guiding device is operated at a constant power, no matter whether the dust is more or less, the continuous and constant execution of suction is required. Dust work is both energy consuming and time consuming.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a dust removing device for a asphalt concrete mixing station, which can significantly improve the dust collecting effect, improve the dust removing efficiency, and reduce the energy consumption.
  • the dust removing device of the asphalt concrete mixing station of the present invention is used for treating dust during the unloading process of the mixing host, and includes:
  • the first draft end of the induced draft fan is provided with a dust collecting passage, and the second end of the induced draft fan is provided with a dust exhausting passage; a control system, the control system controls the operation of the induced draft fan drive mechanism;
  • the dust collection channel includes:
  • the dust collecting cover includes a peripheral plate and an inner side plate, wherein the peripheral plate communicates with a lower portion of the unloading device of the stirring main body, the inner side plate has a porous structure, and an annular passage is formed between the outer peripheral plate and the inner side plate ;
  • a dust collecting pipe a first end of the dust collecting pipe is connected to the dust collecting cover, and a second end of the dust collecting pipe is connected to the induced draft fan;
  • the peripheral panel has a dust collecting port, and the first end of the dust collecting duct communicates with the dust collecting hood through the dust collecting port.
  • the inner plate aperture in the direction of the dust collecting port is smaller than the inner plate aperture in the opposite direction of the dust collecting port.
  • a skirt is further disposed around the peripheral panel of the dust collecting hood.
  • the dust removing device of the present invention further includes:
  • a frequency converter wherein the frequency converter is connected to an induced draft fan driving mechanism
  • a dust concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of dust
  • the control system controls the frequency converter according to the dust concentration detected by the dust concentration sensor to adjust the air intake amount of the induced draft fan.
  • control system is further provided with a standard value of the dust concentration, and when the real-time dust concentration is higher or lower than the standard value, the air intake amount of the induced draft fan is different.
  • the dust removing device of the present invention further includes:
  • the time relay controls the induced draft fan driving mechanism, and when the induced draft fan driving mechanism starts to operate, the time relay stops after running for a preset time.
  • the induced draft fan drive mechanism maintains the induced draft fan in a state of maximum air intake.
  • the dust removing device of the present invention further includes:
  • the main body discharge sensor is used to detect whether the mixing host is in a discharge state
  • An aggregate discharge sensor for detecting whether the aggregate is discharged to the mixing host
  • Asphalt injection sensor for detecting whether the asphalt is sprayed to the mixing host;
  • the control system controls the operation of the induced draft fan drive mechanism when the aggregate is discharged into the mixing host, the asphalt is sprayed into the mixing host, and the mixing host begins to discharge.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an asphalt concrete mixing station comprising the aforementioned dust removing device.
  • the dust collecting passage of the present invention is composed of an inner side plate having a porous structure, an annular passage, etc., and under the premise of ensuring the dust collecting area, the dust collecting holes can be made negative by adjusting the hole diameter or the hole spacing.
  • the pressure tends to be uniform, so that the dust can be uniformly sucked into the induced draft fan, the dust collecting effect is good, and the dust collecting efficiency is high; in addition, the induced draft fan of the present invention is not operated at a constant power, and on the other hand, the suction can be improved when the dust concentration is high.
  • the dust effect can reduce energy consumption when the dust concentration is low, and has the advantages of energy saving and high efficiency; moreover, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly asphalt concrete mixing station, which can be completely completed after applying the dust removing device of the present invention. Avoid the release of dust into the external environment, which has the advantage of being green.
  • the invention also has the advantages of structural unit, safe and reliable, small modification of the existing structure of the asphalt concrete mixing station, and good comprehensive performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial structural view of an asphalt concrete mixing plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of a dust collecting hood according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial structural view of a dust removing device for an asphalt concrete mixing plant according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of a dust removing device for an asphalt concrete mixing station according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial structural view showing an asphalt concrete mixing plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mixing host 6, the self-propelled trolley 7, the storage bin 8 and the legs 9 of the asphalt concrete mixing plant are schematically shown.
  • the mixture is temporarily stored in the storage bin 8 by the self-propelled trolley 7, and then discharged from the storage bin 8 to the road construction site.
  • Other structures of asphalt concrete mixing plant such as powder tanks, metering systems, etc., can refer to the prior art, in the process of unloading the mixture from the mixing machine, especially when unloading the aggregate mixture including aggregate and mineral powder, Produces a large amount of dust that has a greater impact on the environment.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention can effectively treat the dust.
  • the dust removing device of the asphalt concrete mixing plant of the present invention comprises at least an induced draft fan 1 and a control system 5.
  • the first end of the induced draft fan 1 is provided with a dust collecting passage 2, and the second end is provided with a dust discharging passage 3.
  • the induced draft fan 1 can adopt an axial flow induced draft fan or a centrifugal induced draft fan.
  • the induced draft fan 1 can be a vane type induced draft fan or other types of induced draft fans commonly used by those skilled in the art, and each type of induced draft fan 1 has a drive mechanism.
  • the drive mechanism 10 can be a motor that drives the rotation of the blade through the rotation of the output shaft of the motor to increase the air pressure and thereby absorb the dust.
  • the control system 5 can control the operation of the induced draft fan drive mechanism 10.
  • the dust collecting passage 2 and the dust exhausting passage 3 may be pipes of various structures, dust accommodating devices, etc., and constitute a passage path through which the dust flows as a whole, and the dust enters the draft fan 1 from the dust collecting passage 2 and is discharged from the dust exhausting passage 3.
  • a dust disposal device such as a collecting device may be provided at the outlet of the dust exhaust passage 3.
  • the preferred structure of the dust collecting passage 2 of the present invention includes a dust collecting hood 21 and a dust collecting duct 22.
  • 2 is a structural view of a dust collecting cover 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dust collecting cover 21 includes a peripheral board 21a and an inner side board 21b.
  • the peripheral board 21a communicates with a lower portion of the unloading device of the stirring main unit, and the inner side plate 21b It has a porous structure and forms an annular passage between the peripheral plate 21a and the inner side plate 21b.
  • the annular passage may be various structures such as a polygon, a circle, and the like, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a transition hopper 11 (shown in FIG. 1) may be disposed at the lower portion of the unloading device, and the dust hood 21 is closedly connected to the unloading device (such as the discharge door) of the mixing host through the transition hopper 11.
  • the aperture or hole spacing of the inner side plate 21b can be adjusted so that the negative pressure at each of the dust collecting holes tends to be uniform, preferably in the direction of the dust collecting port 210 (left side shown in FIG. 2).
  • the side plate aperture is smaller than the inner plate aperture of the opposite direction of the dust collecting port (the right side shown in Fig. 2), thereby ensuring uniformity of dust collection.
  • the first end of the dust collecting duct 22 shown in Fig. 1 is in communication with the dust collecting hood 21, and the second end is connected to the air ventilator 1; the dust passes through the porous structure of the inner side plate 21b, the annular passage, and the dust collecting duct 22 to enter the induced draft fan 1.
  • the dust collecting hood structure can effectively improve the dust collecting effect and the dust collecting efficiency.
  • An opening may be provided in the peripheral plate 21a or the inner side plate 21b of the dust collecting hood 21, and the first end of the dust collecting duct 22 is disposed on the opening, thereby achieving communication between the dust collecting duct 22 and the dust collecting hood 21.
  • the opening is provided on the peripheral panel 21a, that is, the dust collecting port 210 shown in Fig. 1, and the first end of the dust collecting duct 22 communicates with the dust collecting hood 21 through the dust collecting port 210.
  • a skirt 21c is further disposed around the peripheral panel 21a.
  • the skirt 21c may be partially or completely surrounded, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the extended skirt 21 c can confine the floating dust to a limited space, which is conducive to the dust storage and the suction operation of the induced draft fan 1 .
  • the present invention may further include a frequency converter 4 and a dust concentration sensor Sl.
  • the dust concentration sensor S1 is used for detecting the concentration of the dust.
  • the dust concentration sensor S 1 can be disposed at a plurality of locations where the flowing dust can be contacted, and the corresponding dust concentration signal is obtained by sensing or detecting the dust concentration.
  • the dust concentration sensor S 1 can apply the principle of light scattering, that is, the dust has different light scattering characteristics according to different concentrations to determine the dust concentration.
  • the dust removing device of the present invention can digitally display the dust concentration or not, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the inverter 4 is connected to the induced draft fan drive mechanism 10 , and the frequency converter 4 can change the induced draft fan drive mechanism
  • the induced draft fan 1 has a different amount of air.
  • the control system 5 controls the inverter 4 to adjust the amount of air introduced by the induced draft fan 1 based on the dust concentration detected by the dust concentration sensor S1.
  • the amount of air introduced can be achieved by the power or speed of the induced draft fan drive mechanism 10.
  • Different control logic schemes can be preset in the control system 5 to achieve different driving according to different dust concentrations.
  • the control system 5 is also pre-set with a standard value of the dust concentration, and the amount of air induced by the induced draft fan 1 is different when the real-time dust concentration is higher or lower than the standard value.
  • the induced draft fan 1 of the present invention does not operate at a constant power, and therefore has the advantages of energy saving and high efficiency.
  • the concentration value detected by the dust concentration sensor S 1 is small when the agitating main unit is just beginning to discharge. In order to improve the efficiency of the suction, it is preferable that the induced draft fan 1 has a large amount of air introduction at the beginning of the discharge stage.
  • the dust removing device of the present invention may further be provided with a stirring main body discharge sensor S2, an aggregate discharge sensor S3, and an asphalt injection sensor S4.
  • the stirring main body discharging sensor S 2 is used for detecting whether the stirring main body is in a discharging state;
  • the aggregate discharging sensor S 3 is used for detecting whether the aggregate is discharged to the stirring main body;
  • the asphalt injection sensor S4 is used for detecting whether the asphalt is stirred by the main machine. injection.
  • the above sensor may be disposed on a corresponding unloading device or spraying device, and the corresponding dog state is detected by means of mechanical induction or electromagnetic induction.
  • the control system 5 controls the driving of the induced draft fan 10, and the amount of air introduced in the state can be adjusted by the inverter 4 to be compared. Big. Since the dust content in the mixture is small when the asphalt is in the spray state, in order to reduce the energy consumption, it is not necessary to open the induced draft fan drive mechanism 10 in this state.
  • the control system 5 can be implemented by using the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and the PC system 5 1 and the drive rejection 52 shown in FIG. 3, and the sensor signal can be transmitted to the PLC, and the computer issues an instruction, and the PLC passes The drive reject 52 controls the frequency converter 4 to drive the induced draft fan drive mechanism 10.
  • the dust removing device includes a time relay 5 3 which is connected to the drive reject 52 and the PLC and PC system 51.
  • the time relay 5 3 is used to control the induced draft fan drive mechanism 1 0.
  • the time relay 53 stops after a preset time of operation.
  • the preset time value can be determined experimentally in advance to achieve the highest dust removal efficiency and lowest energy consumption.
  • the operation start state of the induced draft fan drive mechanism 10 can be determined by an artificial operation.
  • the dust removal device further includes a stirring main body discharge sensor S2, an aggregate discharge sensor S3, and an asphalt injection. Sensor S4.
  • the control system 5 controls the induced draft fan drive mechanism to operate.
  • Each sensor signal can be transmitted to the PLC, the computer issues an instruction, and the PLC controls the drive rejection 52 through the time relay 53.
  • the drive reject 52 can control the high speed operation of the induced draft fan drive mechanism, and accordingly, the induced draft fan 1 can maintain the maximum air intake state, so that the dust is efficiently sucked out.
  • the present invention also provides an asphalt concrete mixing station including the above dust removing device.
  • Other structures of the asphalt concrete mixing plant can refer to the prior art, and are not described herein again.
  • the asphalt concrete mixing plant of the present invention comprises a sealed chamber or an open structure.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
  • the dust collecting passage 2 of the present invention is composed of an inner side plate 21b having a porous structure, an annular passage, etc., and under the premise of ensuring the dust collecting area, by adjusting the aperture or the hole spacing, the negative pressure at each dust collecting hole tends to be uniform. Therefore, it is ensured that the dust is uniformly sucked into the induced draft fan 1, the dust collecting effect is good, and the dust collecting efficiency is high.
  • the induced draft fan 1 of the present invention is not operated at a constant power, and on the one hand, the dust collecting effect can be improved when the dust concentration is high, and the energy consumption can be reduced when the dust concentration is low, which has the advantages of energy saving and high efficiency.
  • the invention provides an environment-friendly asphalt concrete mixing station. After the dust removing device of the invention is applied, the dust can be completely prevented from being released into the external environment, and the green environment has the advantages.
  • the invention also has the advantages of simple structure, safe and reliable structure, small modification of the existing structure of the asphalt concrete mixing station, and good comprehensive performance.

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Abstract

一种沥青混凝土搅拌站及其除尘装置。该除尘装置用于处理搅拌主机(6)卸料过程中的粉尘,包括引风机(1)、收尘通道(2)、排尘通道(3)及控制系统(15),其中所述收尘通道(2)包括:吸尘罩(21),所述吸尘罩(21)包括外围板(21a)和内侧板(21b),所述外围板(21a)与搅拌主机(6)的卸料装置下部连通,所述内侧板(21b)具有多孔结构,所述外围板(21a)和内侧板(21b)之间形成环形通道;收尘管道(22),所述收尘管道(22)的第一端与所述吸尘罩(21)连通,所述收尘管道(22)第二端连接所述引风机(1);粉尘依次经过内侧板(21b)的多孔结构、环形通道、收尘管道(22)进入引风机(1)。该装置具有吸尘效率高、节能高效、绿色环保等优点。

Description

沥青混凝土搅拌站及其除尘装置
本申请要求于 2011 年 08 月 15 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110233512.9、 发明名称为"沥青混凝土搅拌站及其除尘装置"的中国专 利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域, 具体地说, 涉及一种沥青混凝土搅拌站除 尘装置, 以及包括该除尘装置的沥青混凝土搅拌站。
背景技术
在高速和高等级公路建设中, 沥青混凝土搅拌站 (筒称沥青搅拌站) 是沥青路面施工的关键机械之一。 设备的生产方式为间歇或连续式按级向 搅拌主机内加入经计量的热骨料、 矿粉、 沥青进行搅拌, 在规定时间及条 件下拌和成符合要求的沥青混凝土。 成品沥青混凝土一般卸入成品料储仓 内暂存, 再卸入运输车运往路面施工工地。
沥青搅拌站的搅拌主机位置较高, 在卸料时有大量的粉尘、 烟气产生 (在卸出包括骨料和矿粉的骨料混合料时尤为突出)。粉尘、烟气受风力等 的影响扩散到较大区域, 其中的粉尘对环境影响较大。
现有技术中采用的除尘系统主要由封闭抢机体、 引风管、 吸尘口、 风 机总成、 风道及沥青站除尘器总成和电器控制等部分组成。 工作时, 由风 机通过吸尘口、 引风管对封闭舱进行抽风, 将粉尘经风道引至除尘器进行 处理。 由于引风口数量有限、 水平布置, 无法对向上飘逸的粉尘进行有效 收集, 吸尘效果不佳; 并且该引风装置为恒功率运行, 无论粉尘是多还是 少, 都要持续、 恒量的执行吸尘工作, 既耗能、 又费时。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷和不足, 本发明的目的在于提供一种沥 青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置, 该除尘装置可以明显改善吸尘效果, 提高除尘 效率, 减少能量消耗。
本发明的沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置, 用于处理搅拌主机卸料过程中 的粉尘, 包括:
引风机, 所述引风机的第一端设置有收尘通道, 所述引风机的第二端 设置有排尘通道; 控制系统, 所述控制系统控制引风机驱动机构工作;
所述收尘通道包括:
吸尘罩, 所述吸尘罩包括外围板和内侧板, 所述外围板与搅拌主机的 卸料装置下部连通, 所述内侧板具有多孔结构, 所述外围板和内侧板之间 形成环形通道;
收尘管道, 所述收尘管道的第一端与所述吸尘罩连通, 所述收尘管道 第二端连接所述引风机;
粉尘依次经过内侧板的多孔结构、 环形通道、 收尘管道进入引风机。 作为上述技术方案的优选, 所述外围板上具有收尘口, 所述收尘管道 的第一端通过该收尘口与所述吸尘罩连通。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 在收尘口方向的内侧板孔径小于收尘口相 对方向的内侧板孔径。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 在所述吸尘罩外围板的下方还环绕设置有 裙板。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 本发明的除尘装置还包括:
变频器, 所述变频器连接引风机驱动机构;
粉尘浓度传感器, 用于检测粉尘的浓度;
所述控制系统根据粉尘浓度传感器检测的粉尘浓度, 控制所述变频器 从而调整引风机的引风量。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 所述控制系统还预设有粉尘浓度标准值, 在实时粉尘浓度高于或低于标准值时, 使得引风机的引风量不同。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 本发明的除尘装置还包括:
时间继电器, 所述时间继电器控制引风机驱动机构, 当所述引风机驱 动机构开始运行后, 所述时间继电器使其运行预设时间后停止。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 所述引风机驱动机构使所述引风机保持最 大引风量状态。
作为上述技术方案的优选, 本发明的除尘装置还包括:
搅拌主机卸料传感器, 用于检测搅拌主机是否为卸料状态;
骨料卸料传感器, 用于检测骨料是否向搅拌主机卸料;
沥青喷射传感器, 用于检测沥青是否向搅拌主机进行喷射; 当骨料卸入搅拌主机、 无沥青喷入搅拌主机, 并且搅拌主机开始卸料 时, 所述控制系统控制引风机驱动机构工作。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种沥青混凝土搅拌站, 该沥青混凝土 搅拌站包括前述的除尘装置。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的收尘通道由具有多孔结构的内侧板、 环形 通道等构成, 在保障吸尘面积的前提下, 通过调整孔径或孔间距, 可使各 吸尘孔处负压趋于一致, 因此可以保证粉尘均匀地被吸入到引风机中, 吸 尘效果好、 吸尘效率高; 此外, 本发明的引风机并非恒功率运行, 一方面 在粉尘浓度高时可以提高吸尘效果, 另一方面在粉尘浓度低时可以减少能 量消耗, 具有节能高效的优点; 而且, 本发明提供了一种环境友好型的沥 青混凝土搅拌站, 应用本发明的除尘装置后, 基本可以完全避免粉尘释放 到外部环境中, 具有绿色环保的优点。 另外, 本发明还具有结构筒单、 安 全可靠、 对沥青混凝土搅拌站的现有结构改动小、 综合性能好等优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案, 下面将对 实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员 来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的 附图。
图 1是本发明一实施例的沥青混凝土搅拌站的部分结构图;
图 2是本发明一实施例的吸尘罩的结构图;
图 3是本发明一实施例的沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置的部分结构图; 图 4是本发明另一实施例沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置的部分结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没 有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的 范围。
图 1所示是本发明一实施例的沥青混凝土搅拌站的部分结构图。 在该 图中, 示意性地表示了沥青混凝土搅拌站的搅拌主机 6、 自行运料小车 7、 储料仓 8及支腿 9。 搅拌主机 6在卸出混合料后, 通过自行运料小车 7将 混合料暂存在储料仓 8内, 再从储料仓 8卸入运输车运往路面施工工地。 沥青混凝土搅拌站的其它结构如粉料罐、 计量系统等可以参考现有技术, 在搅拌主机卸出混合料的过程中, 尤其在卸出包括骨料、 矿粉的骨料 混合料时, 会产生大量对环境影响较大的粉尘。 本发明提供的技术方案可 以对该粉尘进行有效处理。
如图 1-4所示, 本发明的沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置至少包括引风机 1及控制系统 5。
引风机 1的第一端设置有收尘通道 2 , 第二端设置有排尘通道 3。根据 收尘通道 2和排尘通道 3的相对位置关系的不同, 引风机 1可以采用轴流 式引风机或者离心式引风机。 引风机 1可以采用叶片式引风机或其它本领 域技术人员常使用的各类引风机, 各类引风机 1均具有驱动机构。 以叶片 式引风机为例,其驱动机构 10可以是一个电机,通过电机输出轴的旋转带 动叶片的旋转, 提高气压进而吸取粉尘。 控制系统 5可以控制引风机驱动 机构 10工作。
收尘通道 2和排尘通道 3可以是各种结构的管道、 粉尘收容装置等, 整体上构成粉尘流动的通行路径, 粉尘从收尘通道 2进入引风机 1 , 并从 排尘通道 3排出。 排尘通道 3的出口可以设置粉尘处理装置, 如收集装置 等。
如图 1所示,本发明收尘通道 2的优选结构包括吸尘罩 21和收尘管道 22。 图 2所示是本发明一实施例的吸尘罩 21的结构图, 该吸尘罩 21包括 外围板 21a和内侧板 21 b , 外围板 21a与搅拌主机的卸料装置下部连通, 内侧板 21b具有多孔结构, 并在外围板 21a和内侧板 21b之间形成环形通 道。 该环形通道可以是多边形、 圓形等各种结构, 本发明并不受限于此。
本发明可以在卸料装置下部设置有过渡料斗 11 (如图 1所示), 吸尘 罩 21通过过渡料斗 11与搅拌主机的卸料装置(如卸料门 )封闭连接。 在 保障吸尘面积的前提下, 可以通过调整内侧板 21b的孔径或孔间距, 使得 各吸尘孔处负压趋于一致, 优选在收尘口 210方向 (图 2所示左侧) 的内 侧板孔径小于收尘口相对方向 (图 2所示右侧) 的内侧板孔径, 从而保证 吸尘均匀性。
图 1所示的收尘管道 22的第一端与吸尘罩 21连通, 第二端连接引风 机 1 ; 粉尘依次经过内侧板 21b的多孔结构、 环形通道、 收尘管道 22进入 引风机 1。 上述吸尘罩结构可以有效提高吸尘效果和吸尘效率。
可以在吸尘罩 21的外围板 21a或内侧板 21 b上设有开口, 收尘管道 22的第一端设置在该开口上, 从而实现收尘管道 22和吸尘罩 21的连通。 优选该开口设置在外围板 21a上, 即图 1所示的收尘口 210 , 收尘管道 22 的第一端通过该收尘口 210与吸尘罩 21连通。
优选地, 在外围板 21 a的下方还环绕设置有裙板 21 c。 裙板 21 c可以 部分环绕, 也可以全部环绕, 本发明并不受限于此。 伸出的裙板 21 c可以 将飘溢的粉尘局限于一个有限的空间, 有利于粉尘的收容和引风机 1的吸 尘作业。
如图 3所示, 本发明还可以包括变频器 4和粉尘浓度传感器 Sl。 粉尘 浓度传感器 S1用于检测粉尘的浓度, 该粉尘浓度传感器 S 1可以设置在多 个能接触到流动粉尘的位置, 通过对粉尘浓度的感应或检测, 获得相应的 粉尘浓度信号。粉尘浓度传感器 S 1可以应用光散射原理, 即根据不同浓度 时粉尘具有不同的光散射特性来确定粉尘的浓度。 本发明的除尘装置可以 数字化显示粉尘浓度, 也可以不进行相应显示, 本发明并不受限于此。
变频器 4连接引风机驱动机构 10 , 变频器 4可以改变引风机驱动机构
1 0 如电机的供电频率和幅值等参数, 从而相应地改变电机运动磁场的周 期, 进而达到平滑调整其转速的目的。 在不同的转速下, 引风机 1具有不 同的引风量。
控制系统 5根据粉尘浓度传感器 S1检测的粉尘浓度, 控制变频器 4 从而调整引风机 1的引风量。引风量可以通过引风机驱动机构 10的功率或 转速来实现。 控制系统 5内可以预设不同的控制逻辑方案, 以根据不同粉 尘浓度实现不同的驱动。 作为一个实施例, 控制系统 5还预设有粉尘浓度 标准值, 在实时粉尘浓度高于或低于标准值时, 使得引风机 1的引风量不 同。 为了提高吸尘效果, 在实时粉尘浓度高于标准值时, 进行高转速运行; 此外, 为了减少能量消耗, 在实时粉尘浓度低于标准值时, 进行低转速运 行。 本发明的引风机 1并非恒功率运行, 因此具有节能高效的优点。
此外,在搅拌主机刚开始进行卸料时,粉尘浓度传感器 S 1检测的浓度 值较小。 为了提高吸尘效率, 优选在刚开始卸料阶段, 引风机 1具有较大 引风量。 此时, 如图 2所示, 本发明的除尘装置还可以设置有搅拌主机卸 料传感器 S2、 骨料卸料传感器 S 3和沥青喷射传感器 S4。 其中搅拌主机卸 料传感器 S 2用于检测搅拌主机是否为卸料状态; 骨料卸料传感器 S 3用于 检测骨料是否向搅拌主机卸料;沥青喷射传感器 S4用于检测沥青是否搅拌 主机进行喷射。 上述传感器可以设置在相应的卸料装置或喷射装置上, 通 过机械感应或电磁感应等方式检测相应的^犬态。
当骨料卸入搅拌主机、 无沥青喷入搅拌主机, 并且搅拌主机开始卸料 时,控制系统 5控制引风机驱动机构 1 0工作,可以通过变频器 4使该状态 时的引风量调整为较大。 由于沥青为喷射状态时, 混合料中的粉尘含量较 少,因此为了减少能量消耗,在该状态时可以不用打开引风机驱动机构 1 0。 应当清楚, 控制系统 5可以采用图 3所示的 PLC (可编程逻辑控制器)及 PC系统 5 1、 驱动拒 52等控制执行元件实现, 传感器信号可以下传给 PLC , 电脑发出指令, PLC通过驱动拒 52控制变频器 4从而驱动引风机驱动机构 1 0。
图 4是本发明另一实施例沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置的部分结构图, 与图 3不同,该除尘装置包括时间继电器 5 3 ,该时间继电器连接驱动拒 52 和 PLC及 PC系统 51。该时间继电器 5 3用于控制引风机驱动机构 1 0 , 当引 风机驱动机构 1 0开始运行后, 时间继电器 5 3使其运行预设时间后停止。 该预设时间值可以提前通过试验确定, 以达到最高的除尘效率与最低的能 耗。 引风机驱动机构 1 0的运行开始状态可以由人为操作确定, 优选地, 与 图 3实施例所示相似, 该除尘装置还包括搅拌主机卸料传感器 S2、 骨料卸 料传感器 S 3和沥青喷射传感器 S4。 当骨料卸入搅拌主机、 无沥青喷入搅 拌主机, 并且搅拌主机开始卸料时, 控制系统 5 控制引风机驱动机构 1 0 工作。
各传感器信号可以下传给 PLC , 电脑发出指令, PLC 通过时间继电器 5 3控制驱动拒 52。 驱动拒 52可以控制引风机驱动机构高速运行, 相应地 可以使得引风机 1保持最大引风量状态, 从而使得粉尘被高效吸除。 除了上述沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置外, 本发明还提供一种包括上述 除尘装置的沥青混凝土搅拌站。 该沥青混凝土搅拌站的其它结构可以参考 现有技术, 本文不再赘述。 本发明的沥青混凝土搅拌站包括密封仓或开放 式等结构。
综上所述, 与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下优点:
1 )吸尘效率高
本发明的收尘通道 2由具有多孔结构的内侧板 21b、环形通道等构成, 在保障吸尘面积的前提下, 通过调整孔径或孔间距, 可使各吸尘孔处负压 趋于一致, 因此可以保证粉尘均匀地被吸入到引风机 1中, 吸尘效果好、 吸尘效率高。
2 ) 节能高效
本发明的引风机 1并非恒功率运行, 一方面在粉尘浓度高时可以提高 吸尘效果, 另一方面在粉尘浓度低时可以减少能量消耗, 具有节能高效的 优点。
3 )绿色环保
本发明提供了一种环境友好型的沥青混凝土搅拌站, 应用本发明的除 尘装置后, 基本可以完全避免粉尘释放到外部环境中, 具有绿色环保的优 点。
另外, 本发明还具有结构筒单、 安全可靠、 对沥青混凝土搅拌站的现 有结构改动小、 综合性能好等优点。
因此, 本发明的有益效果是显而易见的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种沥青混凝土搅拌站除尘装置,用于处理搅拌主机卸料过程中的 粉尘, 其特征在于, 包括:
引风机(1 ), 所述引风机(1 )的第一端设置有收尘通道(2), 所述引 风机( 1 ) 的第二端设置有排尘通道( 3 );
控制系统( 5 ), 所述控制系统( 5 )控制引风机驱动机构 ( 10 )工作; 所述收尘通道(2 ) 包括:
吸尘罩(21 ), 所述吸尘罩(21 ) 包括外围板 la)和内侧板( b), 所述外围板(21a) 与搅拌主机的卸料装置下部连通, 所述内侧板(21b) 具有多孔结构, 所述外围板(21a)和内侧板(21b)之间形成环形通道; 收尘管道( 22 ), 所述收尘管道( 22 )的第一端与所述吸尘罩( 21 )连 通, 所述收尘管道( 22 )第二端连接所述引风机( 1;);
粉尘依次经过内侧板(21b) 的多孔结构、 环形通道、 收尘管道(22 ) 进入引风机(1)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 所述外围板( 21a ) 上具有收尘口 (210), 所述收尘管道(22) 的第一端通过该收尘口 (210) 与所述吸尘罩(21 )连通。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 在收尘口 (210) 方向的内侧板孔径小于收尘口 (210)相对方向的内侧板孔径。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的除尘装置,其特征在于,在所述外围板( 21a ) 的下方还环绕设置有裙板(21c)。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 还包括: 变频器(4), 所述变频器(4)连接引风机驱动机构 (10);
粉尘浓度传感器(S1 ), 用于检测粉尘的浓度;
所述控制系统( 5 )根据粉尘浓度传感器( S1 )检测的粉尘浓度, 控制 所述变频器(4 )从而调整引风机(1 ) 的引风量。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制系统(5 ) 还预设有粉尘浓度标准值, 在实时粉尘浓度高于或低于标准值时, 使得引 风机(1 ) 的引风量不同。
7、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 还包括: 时间继电器(53), 所述时间继电器(53)控制引风机驱动机构(10), 当所述引风机驱动机构 (10)开始运行后, 所述时间继电器(53)使其运 行预设时间后停止。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 所述引风机驱动机 构 (10)使所述引风机(1 )保持最大引风量状态。
9、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的除尘装置, 其特征在于, 还包括: 搅拌主机卸料传感器( S2 ), 用于检测搅拌主机是否为卸料状态; 骨料卸料传感器( S3 ), 用于检测骨料是否向搅拌主机卸料;
沥青喷射传感器(S4), 用于检测沥青是否向搅拌主机进行喷射; 当骨料卸入搅拌主机、 无沥青喷入搅拌主机, 并且搅拌主机开始卸料 时, 所述控制系统(5 )控制引风机驱动机构 (10) 工作。
10、 一种沥青混凝土搅拌站, 其特征在于, 所述沥青混凝土搅拌站包 括权利要求 1-9任一项所述的除尘装置。
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