WO2013016918A1 - 人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线 - Google Patents

人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013016918A1
WO2013016918A1 PCT/CN2011/082837 CN2011082837W WO2013016918A1 WO 2013016918 A1 WO2013016918 A1 WO 2013016918A1 CN 2011082837 W CN2011082837 W CN 2011082837W WO 2013016918 A1 WO2013016918 A1 WO 2013016918A1
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Prior art keywords
artificial composite
composite material
region
refractive index
angle
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PCT/CN2011/082837
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘若鹏
季春霖
岳玉涛
Original Assignee
深圳光启高等理工研究院
深圳光启创新技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201110216578.7A external-priority patent/CN102904054B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110216511.3A external-priority patent/CN102904052B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110216705.3A external-priority patent/CN102904059B/zh
Application filed by 深圳光启高等理工研究院, 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳光启高等理工研究院
Priority to EP11855260.3A priority Critical patent/EP2738876A4/en
Priority to US13/522,966 priority patent/US9099788B2/en
Publication of WO2013016918A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013016918A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/002Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of electromagnetics and, more particularly, to artificial composites and artificial composite antennas. ⁇ Background technique ⁇
  • a lens can be used to refract a plane wave through a lens to become a spherical wave, which appears to be radiated from a point source on the virtual focus of the lens.
  • the divergence of the lens is currently achieved by the refraction of the spherical shape of the lens.
  • the lens antenna has at least the following technical problems:
  • the lens is bulky and cumbersome, which is not conducive to the use of miniaturization; the lens has a large dependence on the shape, and needs to be more precise to achieve the orientation of the antenna. Propagation; Electromagnetic wave reflection interference and loss are more serious, and electromagnetic energy is reduced.
  • the jump of the refractive index of most lens antennas is along a straight line that is perpendicular to the surface of the lens, resulting in greater refraction, diffraction, and reflection of electromagnetic waves as they pass through the lens, severely affecting lens performance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-performance artificial composite material and an artificial composite material antenna in view of the above-mentioned defects of the above-mentioned refraction, diffraction and reflection, and poor lens performance.
  • the present invention provides an artificial composite material, which is divided into a plurality of regions; a plane electromagnetic wave is incident on a first surface of the artificial composite material and is opposite to the first surface
  • the surface is emitted in the form of a spherical wave; the emitted electromagnetic wave is inversely extended to intersect the virtual focus of the artificial composite;
  • the intersection of the Z-region and the first surface is the bottom surface of the Z-th region, and the z-th region
  • the intersection of the second surface is the top surface of the z-th region;
  • the angle between the virtual focus and the line connecting the point on the top surface of the z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is an angle corresponding to the angle 0 uniquely a curved surface in the Z-region, a set of points having the same angle 0 on the top surface of the Z-region
  • the corner 0 has a unique boundary of the curved surface; and the angle of refraction is the same at each corner of the unique corresponding surface; the
  • the angle between the line connecting the virtual focus and the point on the outer circumference of the top surface of the Z-zone and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is: Z is a positive integer and the closer to the area of the artificial composite material, the more Z Small; wherein, the arc length of the bus bar corresponding to the angle is the arc length and the angle meets the following formula:
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent two regions satisfy:
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions satisfy: _ ⁇ min( +l).
  • the refractive index distribution of the z-th region satisfies:
  • Cose where c is the arc length of the bus bar of the curved surface corresponding to the angle 0, the distance from the virtual focus to the artificial composite material, ⁇ is the thickness of the artificial composite material; w min is the artificial composite material Minimum refractive index.
  • the busbar of the curved surface is a parabolic arc.
  • a straight line passing through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite and perpendicular to the artificial composite material is an abscissa axis to pass through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and parallel to the The straight line of the surface is the ordinate axis, and the parabolic equation where the parabolic arc is located is:
  • the arc length of the parabolic arc satisfies the following formula:
  • the bus bar of the curved surface is an elliptical arc.
  • a straight line passing through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and perpendicular to the artificial composite material is an abscissa axis to pass through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and parallel to the second surface
  • the straight line is the ordinate axis
  • the elliptical equation of the elliptical arc is:
  • the present invention also provides an artificial composite material antenna, comprising a radiation source and an artificial composite material disposed in an electromagnetic wave propagation direction; the artificial composite material is divided into a plurality of regions; a plane electromagnetic wave is incident on the artificial composite a first surface of the material and a second surface opposite the first surface is emitted as a spherical wave; the emitted electromagnetic waves are inversely extended to intersect the artificial composite material
  • the intersection of the second surface is the top surface of the Z-th region;
  • the angle between the line connecting the virtual focus and the line on the top surface of the Z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is an angle ⁇ unique
  • the set of points having the same angle ⁇ on the top surface of the Z-region constitutes the boundary of the unique corresponding curved surface; and the angle of the angle corresponding to each of the unique curved surfaces
  • the refractive index of each region gradually decreases with the increase of the angle
  • the angle between the line connecting the virtual focus and the point on the outer circumference of the top surface of the Z-zone and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is: Z is a positive integer and the closer to the area of the artificial composite material, the more Z Small; wherein, the arc length of the bus bar corresponding to the angle is the arc length and the angle meets the following formula:
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent two regions satisfy:
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions satisfy: _ ⁇ min( +l).
  • the refractive index distribution of the z-th region satisfies:
  • Cose where c is the arc length of the bus bar of the curved surface corresponding to the angle 0, the distance from the virtual focus to the artificial composite material, ⁇ is the thickness of the artificial composite material; w min is the artificial composite material Minimum refractive index.
  • the busbar of the curved surface is a parabolic arc.
  • a straight line passing through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and perpendicular to the artificial composite material is an abscissa axis to pass through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and parallel to the second surface
  • the straight line is the ordinate axis
  • the parabolic equation where the parabolic arc is located is:
  • the arc length of the parabolic arc satisfies the following formula:
  • the bus bar of the curved surface is an elliptical arc.
  • a straight line passing through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and perpendicular to the artificial composite material is an abscissa axis to pass through a center of the second surface of the artificial composite material and parallel to the second surface
  • the straight line is the ordinate axis
  • the elliptical equation of the elliptical arc is:
  • the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the jump of the refractive index of the artificial composite material is designed as a curved surface of the bus bar, thereby greatly reducing the refraction, diffraction and reflection effect at the jump. Should, the problems caused by mutual interference are alleviated, and the artificial composite material and the artificial composite antenna have more excellent performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the effect of artificial composite materials on the divergence of electromagnetic waves according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the artificial composite material shown in FIG.
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of the artificial composite of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the arc m and 0 when the arc m shown in FIG. 3 is a parabolic arc
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the arc m and 0 when the arc m shown in FIG. 3 is an elliptical arc
  • Figure 6 is a graph of the refractive index profile of an artificial composite on the yx plane.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the divergence of electromagnetic waves by an artificial composite material 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the artificial composite material 10 being disposed opposite to the electromagnetic wave propagation direction of the radiation source.
  • the plane electromagnetic wave is incident on the first surface A of the artificial composite material and is emitted in the form of a spherical wave on the second surface B opposite to the first surface A.
  • the emitted electromagnetic waves are inversely extended to intersect the virtual focus J of the artificial composite.
  • the electromagnetic waves When a beam of electromagnetic waves propagates from one medium to another, the electromagnetic waves are refracted. When the refractive index distribution inside the material is not uniform, the electromagnetic waves are deflected toward a position where the refractive index is relatively large. As a common knowledge, we know that The refractive index of the electromagnetic wave is proportional to ⁇ . By designing the electromagnetic parameters of each point in the artificial composite material, the refractive index distribution of the artificial composite material can be adjusted, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the artificial composite material 10 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the artificial composite material 10 is divided into a plurality of regions.
  • the intersection of the z-th region and the first surface A is the bottom surface of the z-th region, and the intersection of the z-th region and the second surface B is the top surface of the z-th region.
  • the angle between the virtual focus J and the line connecting the point on the top surface of the z-th region and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material is the only angle corresponding to the angle 0.
  • FIG. 2 shows two areas (the area here is the concept of a solid, in Figure 3, two torus). The concept of introducing regions here is only to better describe the refractive index distribution of artificial composites, and is actually not a concept of entities.
  • the first area (101 in Fig. 3) corresponds to the angle of the outermost boundary surface, and the angle corresponding to the outermost boundary surface of the second area (102 in Fig. 3) is.
  • the set of points having the included angle on the top surface of the first region constitutes the boundary of the curved surface Dml that is uniquely corresponding to the angle (illustrated as circumference 11).
  • the set of points having the included angle on the top surface of the second region constitutes the boundary of the only corresponding curved surface Dm2 (illustrated as circumference 22), as described below.
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of the artificial composite material 10, showing a side view of the two regions, for illustration only, and not as a limitation of the invention.
  • the side cross-sectional view of the curved surface with the same refractive index is two arcs, symmetrically distributed with respect to L.
  • the thickness of the artificial composite 10 is shown in Figure d, and L represents a straight line perpendicular to the artificial composite.
  • the side view of each region is an arc, and the refractive index on the same arc is the same, that is, the refractive index on the curved surface formed by the rotation of the arc around L is the same.
  • the virtual surface inside the artificial composite (actually not present, just for the convenience of description, a virtual surface) is also explained.
  • the angle between the line connecting the virtual focus point J and the line on the outer circumference of the top surface of the first area and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material is a positive integer and the closer to the area of the center 0 of the artificial composite material 10
  • s is the distance from the virtual focus J to the artificial composite 10; d is the thickness of the artificial composite 10; is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, n M min ( ) is the z-th region
  • M max(; +1 M min(; +1 ) is the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the z + l region.
  • the angle or the range is [0, ) 0 phase
  • two regions 101 and 102 are shown, which are the angle between the line connecting the point on the outer circumference of the top surface of the first region 101 and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10, which is the The angle between the line connecting the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the second region 102 and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10, ⁇ , ⁇ m i (i) is known, the first region and the M min(2 ) It can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the 2 regions and M min can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions satisfy: _ ⁇ min( +l).
  • the busbars of the most boundary surfaces of each region are arcs.
  • the arc of the side view in the figure is the busbar of the most boundary surface of each area.
  • the inner boundary surface of each region has the smallest refractive index, and the outer boundary surface has the largest refractive index.
  • the angle between the line connecting the virtual focus J and the point 01 on the outer circumference of the top surface A1 of the first region 101 is L
  • the bus bar of the first boundary surface Dml of the first region 101 is ml.
  • the arc length of the arc ml is c( ), and the surface of the ml rotated by L is Dml.
  • the angle between the line connecting the virtual focus J and the point 02 on the outer circumference of the top surface A2 of the second region 102 is L2, the bus bar of the boundary surface Dm2 of the second region 102 is m2, and the arc length of the arc m2 is c ( ), the surface of m2 rotated around L is Dm2.
  • the arcs ml, m2 are symmetrically distributed with respect to L.
  • the refractive index distribution on the curved surfaces Dml and Dm2 is the same.
  • the angle between the virtual focus J and the line connecting the point on the top surface of the z-th region and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material is the variation of the refractive index of the z-th region.
  • c the arc length of the bus bar of the curved surface corresponding to the angle 0, the distance from the virtual focus J to the artificial composite material 10, which is the thickness of the artificial composite material;
  • w min is the artificial The minimum refractive index of the composite.
  • the angle 0 ranges from [0, ). In FIG. 3, as an example, the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the first region 101, and the bus bar of the curved surface is m.
  • arc m is a parabolic arc and an elliptical arc.
  • the preset decimal number such as 0. 0001
  • the preset decimal number can guarantee the ratio when the angle 0 is close to 0: the value of the angle 0 is [ ⁇
  • the line passing through the center 0 of the second surface B of the artificial composite material 10 and perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10 is the abscissa axis to pass through the center 0 of the second surface B of the artificial composite material 10 and parallel to the first
  • the straight line of the two surfaces B is the ordinate axis
  • the angle between the virtual focus J and the point 0' on the B surface is 0 with the X axis.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) tan : angle 0 uniquely corresponds to a surface in the artificial composite
  • the surface is rotated by the bus bar m around L (X-axis), and the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to the same refractive index at each point on the surface.
  • the line passing through the center 0 of the second surface B of the artificial composite material 10 and perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10 is the abscissa axis to pass through the second surface of the artificial composite material 10.
  • the line at center 0 of B and parallel to the second surface B is the ordinate axis, and the line connecting the virtual focus J to a point 0' on the B surface is 0 with the X axis.
  • the center of the circle is on the first surface A, and the coordinates are (d, c)o.
  • the direction of the shot is the direction of the center j of the sphere E in the center of the circle J and the radius j o' at which the point ⁇ ' is located, that is, the direction perpendicular to the surface of the sphere E.
  • the angle of refraction of the point 0' on the second surface B corresponding to the angle ⁇ is ⁇ , and the refractive index of the point is ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
  • Snell's law "two ⁇ ; electromagnetic waves from the outside to the artificial
  • from which the following relationship can be obtained: (0 + ) .
  • the artificial composite material can be designed as a plurality of artificial composite material sheets, each of which includes a sheet-like substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures or artificial hole structures attached to the substrate.
  • the overall refractive index distribution needs to satisfy or approximately satisfy the above formula, so that the refractive index distribution on the same curved surface is the same, and the bus bar of the curved surface is designed as a parabolic arc or an elliptical arc.
  • the design approach will continue to evolve, and there may be better artificial composite design processes to achieve the refractive index arrangement provided by the present invention.
  • each of the artificial microstructures is a planar or three-dimensional structure having a geometric pattern composed of a wire, such as, but not limited to, a "ten" shape, a flat snowflake shape, a solid snowflake shape.
  • the wire may be a copper wire or a silver wire which may be attached to the substrate by etching, plating, drilling, photolithography, electron engraving or ion etching.
  • the multiple artificial microstructures in the artificial composite increase the refractive index of the metamaterial as the angle increases.
  • the refractive index distribution of the artificial composite material can be adjusted by rationally designing the topological pattern of the artificial microstructure and the arrangement of the artificial microstructures of different sizes in the electromagnetic wave concentrating element, thereby realizing the electromagnetic wave in the planar form.
  • the spherical wave form is transformed into a divergent electromagnetic wave.
  • the units with the same refractive index are connected into a line, and the density of the line is used to indicate the size of the refractive index. Large, the refractive index distribution of the metamaterial conforming to all the above relationships is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the invention also provides an artificial composite antenna, in addition to the manual as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • the composite material 10 further includes a radiation source disposed on the side of the artificial composite material 10.
  • the specific structure and refractive index change of the artificial composite material 10 are as described above, and will not be described herein.
  • the artificial composite material as described above may have the shape shown in Fig. 2, and of course, it may be formed into other desired shapes such as an annular shape, as long as it can satisfy the refractive index change rule described above.
  • an impedance matching layer may be disposed on both sides of the artificial composite material.
  • For the content of the impedance matching layer refer to the prior art materials, and details are not described herein again.
  • the jump of the refractive index of the artificial composite material is designed to be a curved shape of the bus bar, thereby greatly reducing the refraction, diffraction and reflection effects at the jump, thereby reducing the problems caused by mutual interference, and making the artificial composite material more excellent. performance.

Abstract

一种人工复合材料,所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域;平面电磁波入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表面以球面波的形式射出;射出的电磁波反向延伸相交于所述人工复合材料的虚焦点上;第i区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第i区域的底面,第i区域与所述第二表面的交集部分为第i区域的顶面;设虚焦点与所述第i区域顶面上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为θ,夹角θ唯一对应第i区域内的一曲面,第i区域顶面上具有相同夹角θ的点的集合构成夹角θ唯一对应的曲面的边界;且夹角θ唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同;每一区域的折射率随着夹角θ的增大逐渐减小。由该复合材料制成的透镜天线,能够减少跳变处的折射、衍射和反射效应,减轻互相干涉带来的性能下降的问题。

Description

人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电磁领域, 更具体地说, 涉及人工复合材料和人工复合材料天 线。 【背景技术】
在常规的光学器件中, 利用透镜能使平面波经过透镜折射后变为球面波, 该球面波好像是从透镜虚焦点上的点光源辐射出似的。 目前透镜的发散是依靠 透镜的球面形状的折射来实现。
发明人在实施本发明过程中, 发现透镜天线至少存在如下技术问题: 透镜 的体积大而且笨重, 不利于小型化的使用; 透镜对于形状有很大的依赖性, 需 要比较精准才能实现天线的定向传播; 电磁波反射干扰和损耗比较严重, 电磁 能量减少。
而且, 多数透镜天线的折射率的跳变是沿一条简单的且垂直于透镜表面的 直线, 导致电磁波经过透镜时的折射、 衍射和反射较大, 严重影响透镜性能。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题在于, 针对现有技术的上述折射、 衍射和反射较 大、 透镜性能差的缺陷, 提供一种高性能的人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线。
为解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种人工复合材料, 所述人工复合材料划分 为多个区域; 平面电磁波入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一 表面相对的第二表面以球面波的形式射出; 射出的电磁波反向延伸相交于所述 人工复合材料的虚焦点上; 第 Z区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 Z区域的底 面, 第 z区域与所述第二表面的交集部分为第 z区域的顶面; 设虚焦点与所述第 z 区域顶面上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 夹角 0唯 一对应第 Z区域内的一曲面, 第 Z区域顶面上具有相同夹角 0的点的集合构成夹 角 0唯一对应的曲面的边界; 且夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相 同; 每一区域的折射率随着夹角 ^的增大逐渐减小。
其中, 设虚焦点与第 Z区域顶面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 的直线之间的夹角为 , Z为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 Z 越小; 其中, 夹角 对应的曲面的母线的弧长为 弧长 和夹角 满足 如下公式:
-c{ei_l)nmm in((i))
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, θ0 =0 c(0o) = d. 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z +i区域的最大折射率。
其中 , 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足:
Aimax( ) Aimin( ) Aimax( +1) Aimin( +1) °
其中 , 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足:
Figure imgf000004_0002
_ ^min( +l)。 其中, 第 z区域的折射率分布满足:
1 (s + d)
(s + d) + nmmd
cose 其中 c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母线的弧长, 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复 合材料的距离, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; wmin为所述人工复合材料的最小 折射率。
其中, 所述曲面的母线为抛物线弧。
其中, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材 料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述 :表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述抛物线弧所在的抛物线方程为:
y(x) = ax2 + bx + c ·
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系: c = (s + d) tan Θ;
lad + = 0。
其中, 所述抛物线弧的弧长 满足如下公式:
Θ
2 Itan^l + ^ 其中, 为预设小数。
其中, 所述曲面的母线为椭圆弧。
其中, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材 料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述 第二表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述椭圆弧所在的椭圆方程为:
Figure imgf000005_0001
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系:
Figure imgf000005_0002
为解决上述问题, 本发明还提供一种人工复合材料天线, 包括辐射源和设 置在电磁波传播方向上的人工复合材料; 所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 平面电磁波入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第 二表面以球面波的形式射出; 射出的电磁波反向延伸相交于所述人工复合材料 所述第二表面的交集部分为第 Z区域的顶面; 设虚焦点与所述第 Z区域顶面上一 点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 夹角 ^唯一对应第 Z区 域内的一曲面, 第 Z区域顶面上具有相同夹角 ^的点的集合构成夹角 ^唯一对应 的曲面的边界; 且夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区域的 折射率随着夹角 ^的增大逐渐减小。
其中, 设虚焦点与第 Z区域顶面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 的直线之间的夹角为 , Z为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 Z 越小; 其中, 夹角 对应的曲面的母线的弧长为 弧长 和夹角 满足 如下公式:
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中, θ0 =0 c(0o) = d. 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z +i区域的最大折射率。
其中 , 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足:
V) — V) ― V) — V)
Aimax( ) Aimin( ) Aimax( +1) Aimin( +1) °
其中 , 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足:
Figure imgf000006_0002
_ ^min( +l)。
其中, 第 z区域的折射率分布满足:
1 (s + d)
(s + d) + nmmd
cose 其中 c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母线的弧长, 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复 合材料的距离, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; wmin为所述人工复合材料的最小 折射率。 其中, 所述曲面的母线为抛物线弧。
其中, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材 料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述 第二表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述抛物线弧所在的抛物线方程为:
y(x) = ax2 + bx + c ·
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系:
c = (s + d) tan Θ;
lad + = 0。
其中, 所述抛物线弧的弧长 满足如下公式:
Θ
2 Itan^l + ^ 其中, 为预设小数。
其中, 所述曲面的母线为椭圆弧。
其中, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材 料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述 第二表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述椭圆弧所在的椭圆方程为:
Figure imgf000007_0001
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系:
Figure imgf000007_0002
实施本发明的技术方案, 具有以下有益效果: 将人工复合材料的折射率的 跳变设计为母线为弧线的曲面状, 从而大大减少跳变处的折射、 衍射和反射效 应, 减轻了互相干涉带来的问题, 使得人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线具有 更加优异的性能。 【附图说明】
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一歩说明, 附图中:
图 1是依据本发明一实施例的人工复合材料对电磁波的发散作用示意图; 图 2是图 1所示的人工复合材料的结构示意图;
图 3示出了图 2中的的人工复合材料的侧视图;
图 4是图 3所示的弧线 m为抛物线弧时, 弧线 m与 0的关系示意图; 图 5是图 3所示的弧线 m为椭圆弧时, 弧线 m与 0的关系示意图; 图 6是人工复合材料在 yx平面上的折射率分布图。
【具体实施方式】
图 1 是依据本发明一实施例的人工复合材料 10对电磁波的发散作用示意 图, 人工复合材料 10相对设置于辐射源的电磁波传播方向上。 平面电磁波入射 到所述人工复合材料的第一表面 A并在与第一表面 A相对的第二表面 B以球面 波的形式射出。 射出的电磁波反向延伸相交于所述人工复合材料的虚焦点 J上。
当一束电磁波由一种介质传播到另外一种介质时, 电磁波会发生折射, 当 物质内部的折射率分布非均匀时, 电磁波就会向折射率比较大的位置偏折, 作 为公知常识我们可知, 电磁波的折射率与^成正比关系, 通过设计人工复合 材料中每一点的电磁参数, 就可对人工复合材料的折射率分布进行调整, 进而 达到改变电磁波的传播路径的目的。
图 2是图 1所示的人工复合材料 10的结构示意图。 人工复合材料 10划分 为多个区域。 其中第 z区域与第一表面 A 的交集部分为第 z区域的底面, 第 z区 域与所述第二表面 B的交集部分为第 z区域的顶面。 设虚焦点 J与第 z区域顶面 上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线 L之间的夹角为^夹角 0唯一对应 第 Z区域内的一曲面,第 Z区域顶面上具有相同夹角 Θ的点的集合构成夹角 ^唯一 对应的曲面的边界; 且夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区 域的折射率随着夹角 ^的增大逐渐减小。 图 2示出了两个区域(这里的区域是立 体的概念, 在图 3中, 就是两个圆环体)。 这里引入区域的概念只是为了更好地 描述人工复合材料的折射率分布而进行的划分, 实际上并不是实体的概念。 第 一区域 (图 3 中的 101 ) 最外边界曲面对应的夹角为 , 第二区域 (图 3 中的 102 )最外边界曲面对应的夹角为 。 第一区域的顶面上具有夹角 的点的集合 构成夹角 唯一对应的曲面 Dml的边界(图示为圆周 11 )。第二区域的顶面上具 有夹角 的点的集合构成夹角 唯一对应的曲面 Dm2的边界 (图示为圆周 22), 详见下文所述。
图 3示出了人工复合材料 10的侧视图, 图中示出了两个区域的侧视图, 仅 用于示意, 并不作为对本发明的限制。 折射率相同的曲面的侧视截面图为两段 弧线, 相对于 L对称分布。 人工复合材料 10的厚度如图 d所示, L表示垂直于 人工复合材料的直线。 由图 4可知, 每一区域的侧视图为弧线, 相同弧线上的 折射率相同, 也即该弧线绕 L旋转所形成的曲面上的折射率相同。 为了更清楚 地描述相同曲面上的折射率相同, 对人工复合材料内部的虚拟曲面 (实际不存 在, 只是为了描述方便, 虚拟出的一个曲面) 也进行阐述。 设虚焦点 J与第 I区域顶面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直 线 L之间的夹角为 , ,为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料 10中心 0的区域对应 的 z越小;其中,夹角 对应的曲面的母线的弧长为 c( ),弧长 c( )和夹角 满 足如下公式:
Figure imgf000009_0001
其中, = 0, c(0o ) = d . s为虚焦点 J到人工复合材料 10的距离; d为 人工复合材料 10 的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, n Mmin( )分别为第 z区域的 最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1 Mmin(;+1)为第 z + l 区域的最大折射率和最小 折射率。 夹角 或 取值范围为 [0, ) 0 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小折 射率两足: ^max(i) _ ^min(i) = ^max(i+l) _ ^min(i+l)。 如图 2和 3所示, 示出了两个区域 101和 102, 是第一区域 101顶面外圆 周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 10的直线 L之间的夹角, 是第二区域 102底面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 10的直线 L之间的夹角, 设^ 、 ^mi„(i)已知, 第 1区域的 以及 Mmin(2)可用下式计算得出:
Figure imgf000010_0001
2区域的 和 Mmin 可用下式计算得出:
Figure imgf000010_0002
cos ^2 cos 在本发明一实施例中, 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足:
Figure imgf000010_0003
_ ^min( +l)。 如图 3 所示, 每一区域的最边界曲面的母线为弧线。 图中侧视图的弧线即 为每一区域最边界曲面的母线。 每一区域的内边界曲面的折射率最小, 外边界 曲面的折射率最大。 如图 2和图 3所示, 虚焦点 J与第 1区域 101顶面 A1外圆周上一点 01的 连线与 L之间的夹角为 , 第 1区域 101最边界曲面 Dml的母线为 ml , 弧线 ml的弧长为 c( ),ml绕 L旋转而成的曲面即为 Dml。虚焦点 J与第 2区域 102 顶面 A2外圆周上一点 02的连线与 L之间的夹角为 ,第 2区域 102最边界曲 面 Dm2的母线为 m2, 弧线 m2的弧长为 c( ), m2绕 L旋转而成的曲面即为 Dm2。 如图 3所示, 弧线 ml、 m2相对于 L对称分布。 曲面 Dml、 Dm2上的折 射率分布相同。
对于任一区域而言, 设虚焦点 J与第 z区域顶面上一点的连线与垂直于人工 复合材料的直线 L之间的夹角为 , 第 z区域的折射率 随着 的变化规律 两足:
Figure imgf000011_0001
c{9) L cos6> 其中 c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母线的弧长, 为虚焦点 J到人工复合材料 10 的距离, 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; wmin为所述人工复合材料的最小折 射率。 夹角 0取值范围为 [0, )。 图 3中, 作为示例, 夹角 0唯一对应第一区 域 101内的曲面, 该曲面的母线为 m。
下面分别以弧线 m为抛物线弧和椭圆弧为例进行阐述。
假设弧线 m为抛物线弧, 弧长 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000011_0002
其中, 为预设小数。 其中, 为预设小数, 比如 0. 0001, 可以保证在 角 0接近 0 的时候比值 :角 0取值范围为 [ο,
Figure imgf000011_0003
如图 4所示, 以经过人工复合材料 10第二表面 B的中心 0且垂直于人工复 合材料 10的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过人工复合材料 10第二表面 B的中心 0且 平行于第二表面 B的直线为纵坐标轴, 虚焦点 J与 B面上某一点 0'的连线与 X 轴的夹角为 0 。 假设抛物线上实线所示的抛物线弧 m 所在的抛物线方程为: y(x) = ax2 + bx + c 。 该 抛 物 线 经 过 点 ( 0, (s + i ) tan ( ) , 即 y(0) = c = (s + d) tm9 o为了使得电磁波沿着所设计的抛物线的方向传播, 则需 使电磁波经过人工复合材料第一表面 A时抛物线弧的切线是与 X轴平行的, 即 保证 (ί ) = 0。 由于 ( ) = 2αχ + 6, 因此 W) = 2i¾ + 6 = 0。 另外还要保证 电磁波到达人工复合材料第二表面 B时, 电磁波沿着夹角 对应的切线方向传 播, 因此 (O) = tan 。 B面上任意一点 0' 的电磁波的出射方向是圆心为 J的 圆球 E中圆心 J与该点 0' 所在的半径 J 0' 的方向, 也即垂直于圆球 E表面的 方向。 由以上几个条件可得到抛物线的方程为 = tan^-^ 2 + s + 。
θ(χ, y) = tan :角 0唯一对应人工复合材料内的一曲面,
Figure imgf000012_0001
该曲面就是由母线 m绕 L ( X轴) 旋转而来的, 夹角 0唯一对应的该曲面上每一 处的折射率均相同。
假设弧线 m为椭圆弧, 如图 5所示, 以经过人工复合材料 10第二表面 B的 中心 0且垂直于人工复合材料 10的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过人工复合材料 10 第二表面 B的中心 0且平行于第二表面 B的直线为纵坐标轴,虚焦点 J与 B面 上某一点 0'的连线与 X轴的夹角为 0 。 椭圆上实线所示的椭圆弧 m所在的椭圆方程为: ― +¾^~ = 1, 椭 a b
圆的中心位于第一表面 A上, 坐标为 (d, c)o 该椭圆经过点 (0, {8 + ά)ΐΆηθ ), 即 O) = (s + i)tan , 代入椭圆公式可得 + ~~ J2 - = 10 平面波入 a D
射到人工复合材料时, 需使电磁波在人工复合材料第一表面 A 的椭圆弧的切线 是与 X轴平行的, 即保证 (^) = 0。 由于椭圆上任一点 (X, y) 处的切线方程 为 ue , 由此可得满足 (^ = 0。 B面上任意一点 0'的电磁波的出
Figure imgf000013_0001
射方向是圆心为 J的圆球 E中圆心 j与该点 ο'所在的半径 j o'的方向, 也即垂 直于圆球 E表面的方向。 夹角 Θ所对应的第二表面 B上的点 0'的折射角为 θ,,该点的折射率为 η(θ), 根据斯奈尔定律可知: " 二^; 。 电磁波从外界到达人工复合材料 10的第 二表面 B时, 电磁波沿着折射角 对应的切线方向传播 (如图 6所示), 也就是 说在椭圆弧 m无限接近 0' 的位置处满足 j (0+) = tan^, 由此可得如下关系式: (0+) .
Figure imgf000013_0002
夹角 ^唯一对应人工复合材料内的一曲面,该曲面就是由母线 m绕 L(x轴) 旋转而来的, 夹角 0唯一对应的该曲面上每一处的折射率均相同。 可以理解的是, 当椭圆中的 a=b 时, 椭圆就变为真正的圆; 而对应的椭圆 弧就变为圆弧, 曲面就是圆弧绕 L (X轴) 旋转而成的曲面。 人工复合材料可用于将辐射源发射的平面波波转换为球面波。 其折射率随 着夹角 的增大从^„η( )增大到 Mmax( ), 如图 5所示。 椭圆上实线所示的椭圆弧 段为一虚拟曲面的母线, 相同曲面上的折射率相同。 可以理解的是, 本发明提 供的人工复合材料还可应用在球面波转换为平面波的情况, 也即图 1 中的可逆 情景, 人工复合材料本身的构造无需改变。 因此, 只要是应用本发明的原理而 进行的各种应用场景都属于本发明的保护范围。
人工复合材料在实际的结构设计时, 可以设计为多个人工复合材料片层, 每个片层包括片状的基板和附着在所述基板上的多个人造微结构或人造孔结 构。 多个人工复合材料片层结合在一起后整体的折射率分布需要满足或近似满 足上述公式, 使得在同一曲面上的折射率分布相同, 曲面的母线设计为抛物线 弧、 椭圆弧。 当然, 在实际设计时, 可能设计成精确的抛物线弧、 椭圆弧比较 困难, 可以根据需要设计为近似的抛物线弧、 椭圆弧或者阶梯状, 具体的精确 程度可依据需要来选择。 随着技术的不断进歩, 设计的方式也会不断更新, 可 能会有更好的人工复合材料设计工艺来实现本发明提供的折射率排布。
对于人造微结构来说, 每个所述人造微结构为由金属丝组成的具有几何图 案的平面或立体结构, 例如但不限于 "十"字形、 平面雪花状、 立体雪花状。 金属丝可以为铜丝或银丝, 可通过蚀刻、 电镀、 钻刻、 光刻、 电子刻或离子刻 的方法附着在基板上。 人工复合材料内多个人造微结构使得超材料的折射率随 着夹角 的增大而增大。 在入射电磁波确定的情况下, 通过合理设计人造微结 构的拓扑图案和不同尺寸的人造微结构在电磁波汇聚元件内的排布, 就可以调 整人工复合材料的折射率分布, 进而实现平面形式的电磁波球面波形式转变为 发散的电磁波。 为了更直观的表示人工复合材料片层在 yx面上折射率折射率分布规律, 将 折射率相同的单元连成一条线, 并用线的疏密来表示折射率的大小, 线越密折 射率越大, 则符合以上所有关系式的超材料的折射率分布如图 6所示。
本发明还提供一种人工复合材料天线, 除了包括如图 1或图 2所示的人工 复合材料 10外, 还包括设置在人工复合材料 10—侧的辐射源, 人工复合材料 10的具体结构和折射率变化如上文所述, 此处不再赘述。 前文所述的人工复合材料可以是图 2所示的形状, 当然也可以制作成是其 他需要的形状例如圆环状等, 只要是能够满足前文所述的折射率变化规律即可。 在实际应用时, 为了使得人工复合材料的性能更好, 减少反射, 可以在人 工复合材料两侧均设置阻抗匹配层。 关于阻抗匹配层的内容可参见现有技术资 料, 此处不再赘述。 本发明在人工复合材料的折射率的跳变设计为母线为曲面状, 从而大大减 少跳变处的折射、 衍射和反射效应, 减轻了互相干涉带来的问题, 使得人工复 合材料具有更加优异的性能。 上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述, 但是本发明并不局限于上述 的具体实施方式, 上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的, 而不是限制性的, 本 领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下, 在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保 护的范围情况下, 还可做出很多形式, 这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 平面电磁波入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第 二表面以球面波的形式射出; 射出的电磁波反向延伸相交于所述人工复合材料 的虚焦点上;
第 I区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 I区域的底面,第 I区域与所述第二 表面的交集部分为第 Z区域的顶面; 设虚焦点与所述第 Z区域顶面上一点的连线 与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Θ, 夹角 0唯一对应第 i区域内的一 曲面, 第 Z区域顶面上具有相同夹角 0的点的集合构成夹角 0唯一对应的曲面的 边界; 且夹角 0唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区域的折射率随 着夹角 0的增大逐渐减小。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 设虚焦点与第 z区 域顶面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 , z为 正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 z越小; 其中, 夹角 对应的曲 面的母线的弧长为 c( ), 弧长 c(^)和夹角 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000016_0001
; 其中, =0, c(90 ) = d . 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z + i区域的最大折射率。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 相邻两个区域的最 大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(0 - nmm(i) = n→i+l) - n→+l)
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 相邻三个区域的最 大折射率和最小折射率满足: ax(i+l) ― ^min(i+2) > n ax(i) - n min( +l)
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 第 z区域的折射率 分布满足:
Figure imgf000017_0001
c(0) l cos0 其中 c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母线的弧长, 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复 合材料的距离, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; Mmin为所述人工复合材料的最小 折射率。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的母线为 抛物线弧。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 以经过所述人工复 合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过 所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述第二表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述抛物线弧所在的抛物线方程为:
y(x) = ax2 + bx + c · 且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系: c = (s + d) tan Θ; lad + = 0。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述抛物线弧的弧 长 c( 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000017_0002
其中, 为预设小数。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的母线为 椭圆弧。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 以经过所述人工 复合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经 过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述第二表面的直线为纵坐标 轴, 所述椭圆弧所在的椭圆方程为:
(x - d)2 | (y - c)2 = 1
a2 b2 . 且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系: d2 [ + i )tan - c]2
~2 Ϊ2 ―丄
a D . sin ^ _ b2 d
■ η2 θ) - ^{θ) <a2 (s + d)tan0 - c
11、 一种人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 包括辐射源和设置在电磁波传 播方向上的人工复合材料; 所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 平面电磁波入 射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表面以球面 波的形式射出; 射出的电磁波反向延伸相交于所述人工复合材料的虚焦点上; 第 I区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 I区域的底面,第 I区域与所述第二 表面的交集部分为第 z区域的顶面; 设虚焦点与所述第 z区域顶面上一点的连线 与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Θ, 夹角 0唯一对应第 i区域内的一 曲面, 第 z区域顶面上具有相同夹角 ^的点的集合构成夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面的 边界; 且夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区域的折射率随 着夹角 ^的增大逐渐减小。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 设虚焦点与 第 z区域顶面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 θ ,为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 ζ越小;其中,夹角 对 应的曲面的母线的弧长为 c( ), 弧长 c(^)和夹角 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中, = 0, c(0o ) = d ., 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z + l区域的最大折射率。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 相邻两个区 域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足: "maxW - n→) = n→+l) - n→+l)
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 相邻三个区 域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(;+1) - n→+2) > n→) - n→+l)
15、 根据权利要求 12所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于,
第 z区域的折射率分布满足:
1 (s + d)
(s + d) + nmmd
cose 其中 c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母线的弧长, 为所述虚焦点到所述人工复 合材料的距离, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; wmin为所述人工复合材料的最小 折射率。
16、 根据权利要求 11所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的 母线为抛物线弧。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 以经过所述 人工复合材料第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述第二表面的直线为纵坐 标轴, 所述抛物线弧所在的抛物线方程为:
y(x) = ax2 + bx + c · 且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系: c = {s + d) tan Θ;
lad + = 0。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 所述抛 弧的弧长 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000020_0001
其中, 为预设小数。
19、 根据权利要求 11所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的 母线为椭圆弧。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的人工复合材料天线, 以经过所述人工复合材料 第二表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人 工复合材料第二表面的中心且平行于所述第二表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述椭 圆弧所在的椭圆方程为:
Figure imgf000020_0002
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系:
Figure imgf000020_0003
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