WO2013016906A1 - 人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线 - Google Patents

人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013016906A1
WO2013016906A1 PCT/CN2011/082303 CN2011082303W WO2013016906A1 WO 2013016906 A1 WO2013016906 A1 WO 2013016906A1 CN 2011082303 W CN2011082303 W CN 2011082303W WO 2013016906 A1 WO2013016906 A1 WO 2013016906A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
artificial composite
composite material
region
angle
refractive index
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/082303
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘若鹏
季春霖
岳玉涛
Original Assignee
深圳光启高等理工研究院
深圳光启创新技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201110216631.3A external-priority patent/CN103036063B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110216693.4A external-priority patent/CN102904058B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110216711.9A external-priority patent/CN102904060B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110216541.4A external-priority patent/CN102904053B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110216677.5A external-priority patent/CN102904056B/zh
Application filed by 深圳光启高等理工研究院, 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳光启高等理工研究院
Priority to US13/522,964 priority Critical patent/US8902507B2/en
Priority to EP11855265.2A priority patent/EP2738873A4/en
Publication of WO2013016906A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013016906A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0087Simple or compound lenses with index gradient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of electromagnetics and, more particularly, to artificial composites and artificial composite antennas. ⁇ Background technique ⁇
  • a spherical wave radiated from a point source located at a focus of a lens is refracted by a lens to become a plane wave.
  • the convergence of the lens is achieved by the diffraction of the spherical shape of the lens.
  • the spherical wave emitted from the radiator 30 is concentrated by the spherical lens 40 and then emitted as a plane wave.
  • the lens antenna has at least the following technical problems:
  • the spherical lens 40 is bulky and cumbersome, which is disadvantageous for miniaturization; the spherical lens 40 has a large dependence on the shape and requires relatively accurate The directional propagation of the antenna is realized; the electromagnetic wave reflection interference and loss are relatively serious, and the electromagnetic energy is reduced.
  • the index of refraction of most lenses is along a straight line that is perpendicular to the surface of the lens, resulting in greater refraction, diffraction, and reflection of the electromagnetic wave as it passes through the lens, severely affecting lens performance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-performance artificial composite material and an artificial composite material antenna in view of the above-mentioned defects of the above-mentioned refraction, diffraction and reflection, and poor lens performance.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: constructing an artificial composite material, the artificial composite material is divided into a plurality of regions; electromagnetic waves are incident on the first surface of the artificial composite material and are in the first a second surface opposite the surface;
  • An intersection of the first region and the first surface is a bottom surface of the first region, and an intersection portion of the first region and the second surface is a top surface of the Z region; a radiation source and a bottom surface of the Z region are disposed
  • the angle between the line of one point and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is ⁇ , the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the i-th region, and the set of points having the same angle 0 on the bottom surface of the Z-th region constitutes an angle 0 is the boundary of the only corresponding surface; and the refractive index of each surface on the only corresponding surface of the angle 0 is the same, the bus bar of the surface is a parabolic arc; the refractive index of each region gradually increases with the angle 0 Reduced.
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the Z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is ⁇
  • Z is a positive integer and closer to the artificial
  • the smaller the Z corresponding to the area of the center of the composite material, the arc length of the bus bar corresponding to the angle is C( ), and the arc length c( ⁇ ) and the angle satisfy the following formula:
  • adjacent three The maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the regions satisfy: ri n ix(i+l) ⁇ ⁇ min(i) ⁇ ⁇ max(i+2) ⁇ ⁇ min(i+l)
  • Artificial compounding in the present invention In the material, the refractive index of the Z-th region satisfies:
  • is the thickness of the artificial composite; the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the bottom surface of the second region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material, c (The arc length of the busbar of the surface corresponding to the angle 0.
  • the arc length satisfies the following formula:
  • the angle of refraction of the point on the first surface corresponding to the included angle is ⁇ the refractive index of the point is satisfied:
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is ⁇ , z is a positive integer and The closer to the area of the artificial composite material, the smaller the z is; the angle is satisfied by the following formula:
  • s is the radiation source The distance to the artificial composite material; ⁇ is the thickness of the artificial composite material; 1 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, n ⁇ i) ri mm (i) is the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the first region, respectively, " max (; +1) , n ⁇ i + l) are the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the first region, respectively.
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions are both:
  • the refractive index of the z-th region satisfies:
  • is the angle between the radiation source and the line on the bottom surface of the z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material.
  • an impedance matching layer is disposed on both sides of the artificial composite material.
  • the invention also provides an artificial composite antenna, comprising an artificial composite material and a radiation source disposed at a focus of the artificial composite material; the artificial composite material is divided into a plurality of regions; and an electromagnetic wave is incident on the artificial composite material a surface is emitted at a second surface opposite to the first surface; an intersection of the first region and the first surface is a bottom surface of the first region, and an intersection of the first region and the second surface is The top surface of the Z region; the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the bottom surface of the Z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is ⁇ , and the angle uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the i-th region, The set of points having the same angle on the bottom surface of the Z region constitutes the boundary of the curved surface corresponding to the angle; and the refractive index of each of the surfaces corresponding to the unique angle is the same, and the busbar of the curved surface is a parabolic arc; The refractive index of the region gradually decreases
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the Z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is a positive integer and the closer to the artificial composite
  • the smaller the Z corresponding to the area of the center of the material, the arc length of the busbar corresponding to the angle is c(0 t ), and the arc length c( ⁇ ) and the angle satisfy the following formula:
  • d the thickness of the artificial composite material; is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave;
  • M min(; ) The maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the z- th region, respectively, M max (; +1 ) is the maximum refractive index of the z + i region.
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions satisfy: n ma x(i+l) ⁇ n mm(i)> 77 max(i+2) _ n mm(i+l)
  • the refractive index of the Z-th region satisfies:
  • is the thickness of the artificial composite material; the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the bottom surface of the second region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material, c (the busbar of the curved surface corresponding to the angle 0) The length of the arc.
  • the busbar of the curved surface is a parabolic arc, an elliptical arc or an arc.
  • the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the jump of the refractive index of the artificial composite material is designed to be curved, thereby greatly reducing the refraction, diffraction and reflection effects at the jump, and alleviating the problems caused by mutual interference.
  • Artificial composite materials and antennas using artificial composite materials have superior performance.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing a concentrated spherical electromagnetic wave of a conventional spherical shape
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a concentrated electromagnetic wave of an artificial composite material 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the artificial composite material 10 shown in FIG. Figure 4 shows a side view of the artificial composite material 10 of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the arcs m and 0 when the arc shown in FIG. 4 is a parabolic arc
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the arcs m and 0 when the arc shown in FIG. 4 is an elliptical arc
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the arc m when the arc shown in Figure 4 is an arc;
  • Figure 8 is a graph of the refractive index profile of the artificial composite 10 on the yx plane.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an artificial composite material concentrating electromagnetic waves according to an embodiment of the present invention, and an artificial composite material 10 having an electromagnetic wave concentrating function is used to convert electromagnetic waves emitted from the radiation source 20 into plane waves.
  • the refractive index of electromagnetic waves is proportional to the proportional relationship.
  • the electromagnetic waves will refract.
  • the refractive index distribution inside the material is not uniform, the electromagnetic waves will By deflecting the position with a relatively large refractive index, by designing the electromagnetic parameters of each point in the artificial composite material, the refractive index distribution of the artificial composite material can be adjusted, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the electromagnetic wave diverging in the form of a spherical wave emitted from the radiation source 20 can be converted into an electromagnetic wave in the form of a plane wave suitable for long-distance transmission by designing the refractive index distribution of the artificial composite material 10.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the artificial composite material 10 shown in Figure 2 .
  • the artificial composite material 10 is divided into a plurality of regions; electromagnetic waves are incident on the first surface A of the artificial composite material 10 and are emitted at a second surface B (shown in Fig. 4) opposite to the first surface A.
  • the intersection of the z-th region and the first surface A is the bottom surface of the z-th region, and the intersection of the z-th region and the second surface B is the top surface of the z-th region.
  • the angle between the radiation source and a point on the bottom surface of the z-th region and the line L passing through the center of the artificial composite material and perpendicular to the artificial composite material is 0, and the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the z-th region;
  • the set of points having the same angle 0 on the bottom surface of the z-th region constitutes the boundary of the uniquely corresponding curved surface, that is, the circumference of the curved surface of the curved surface around the straight line L; and the angle ⁇ uniquely corresponding to the surface
  • the refractive index of each place is the same; the refractive index of each region gradually decreases with the increase of the angle ⁇ .
  • Figure 3 shows two areas (the area here is the concept of a solid, in Figure 3, two areas).
  • the concept of introducing regions here is only to better describe the refractive index distribution of artificial composites, and is actually not a concept of entities.
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of the artificial composite 10, showing a side view of two areas, for illustration only, not as a pair Limitations of the invention.
  • the thickness of the artificial composite 10 is shown in Figure d, and L represents a straight line perpendicular to the artificial composite.
  • the side view of each region is a parabolic arc segment, and the refractive index on the same arc is the same, that is, the refractive index on the curved surface formed by the rotation of the arc around L is the same.
  • the surface involved in the text is a virtual surface, just for the convenience of describing a concept.
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source 20 and the line on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the z-th region and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10 is a positive integer and the closer to the area of the center 0 of the artificial composite material 10
  • n M min ( ) the z-th region
  • Maximum refractive index and minimum refractive index, M max(; +1 M min(; +1 ) the maximum refractive index and minimum ⁇ of the z + l region
  • two regions 101 and 102 are shown, which are the angle between the line connecting the one point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the first area 101 and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10, which is the second
  • the angle between the line connecting the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the region 102 and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10 is known as ⁇ , ⁇ m iggi i), and the first region and w max(2 ) are available.
  • the formula is calculated:
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions satisfy: n max(M) ⁇ n mm(i)> _ ⁇ min( +l).
  • the busbars of the most boundary surfaces of each region are arcs.
  • the arc of the side view in the figure is the busbar of the most boundary surface of each area.
  • the surface inside the region is also explained.
  • the inner boundary surface of each region has the largest refractive index and the outer boundary surface has the smallest refractive index.
  • the angle between the line connecting the point of the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface A1 of the first region 101 is L
  • the bus bar of the boundary surface Dml of the first region 101 is ml
  • the arc is ml.
  • the arc length is), and the surface that ml rotates around L is Dml.
  • the angle between the line connecting the point of the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface A2 of the second region 102 is L2
  • the bus bar of the boundary surface Dm2 of the second region 102 is m2
  • the arc length of the arc m2 is c( ), m2
  • the surface rotated around L is Dm2.
  • the arcs ml and m2 are symmetrically distributed with respect to L.
  • the refractive index distribution on the curved surfaces Dml and Dm2 is the same.
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source to a point on the bottom surface of the z-th region and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material is such that the refractive index of the z-th region satisfies with:
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ' m cos ⁇ where is the thickness of the artificial composite material 10; the angle between the line connecting the radiation source 20 and the point on the bottom surface of the second region and the line L perpendicular to the artificial composite material, c ( The arc length of the bus bar of the curved surface corresponding to the angle 0, the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the z-th region, and the refractive index of each of the surfaces corresponding to the angle 0 uniquely is the same.
  • the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to the surface in the first area 101, and the busbar of the surface is m.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the arc m and 0 when the arc shown in FIG. 4 is a parabolic arc.
  • the surface is rotated by the bus bar m around L (X-axis), and the only angle corresponding to the angle is the same at each point on the surface.
  • the arc length c of the arc m (satisfying the following formula
  • the line L passing through the center 0 of the first surface A of the artificial composite material 10 and perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10 is the abscissa axis to pass through the center 0 of the first surface A of the artificial composite material 10 and is parallel to
  • the straight line of the first surface A is the ordinate axis
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and a point 0' on the A side with the X axis is 0, and the bus line of the virtual curved surface corresponding to the angle 0 is a parabolic arc m shown by a broken line.
  • the angle 0 (X, y) satisfies the following relationship:
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the relationship between the arc m and 0 when the arc shown in Fig. 4 is an elliptical arc.
  • the straight line L passing through the center 0 of the first surface A of the artificial composite material 10 and perpendicular to the artificial composite material 10 is the abscissa axis, passing through the center 0 of the first surface A of the artificial composite material 10 and parallel to the line of the first surface A
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and a point 0' on the A side to the X axis is ⁇
  • the bus line of the virtual surface corresponding to the angle 0 is an elliptical arc m indicated by a solid line.
  • the center of the ellipse is on the second surface B with coordinates (d, c).
  • the ellipse passes through the point (O ⁇ tan), ie
  • Electromagnetic wave reaches artificial compound
  • the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the artificial composite material, and the curved surface is rotated by the bus bar m around the L (X axis), and the angle of the angle 0 uniquely corresponds to the same refractive index at each point on the curved surface.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the arc m when the arc shown in Fig. 4 is an arc.
  • the busbars of the side surfaces (including the outer and inner surfaces) of each zone are circular segments.
  • the busbar of the outer surface of the z-zone is a circular arc segment, and the arc segment of the side view in the figure is the busbar of the outer surface of each zone.
  • the surface inside the area is also explained.
  • intersection of the perpendicular line connecting the radiation source with a point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the z-th region and the side of the artificial composite material remote from the radiation source is the center of the circular arc segment, the intersection point and the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the region
  • the vertical line segment between the upper points is the radius of the arc segment.
  • a bus bar of an inner surface of the z-th region is a circular arc segment, wherein an intersection of a perpendicular line connecting the radiation source with a point on the inner circumference of the bottom surface of the z-th region and an intersection of the artificial composite material away from the radiation source is the circle Arc
  • the center of the segment, the perpendicular line between the intersection point and a point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the region is the radius of the arc segment, where z ⁇ 2.
  • the first area is solid and has no inner surface.
  • the inner surface of the z +1 region closely adheres to the outer surface of the z-th region, that is, the inner surface of the z+1th region has the same curvature as the outer surface of the z-th region.
  • the inner surface of each region has the largest refractive index and the outer surface has the smallest refractive index.
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the first region and L is the intersection of the perpendicular line connecting the radiation source with the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the first region and the other side of the artificial composite material.
  • the busbar that is the outer surface of the first region ie, the most boundary surface Dml in Fig. 3
  • ml is the arc segment that is rotated by the radius of ( ⁇ is the center of the circle.
  • the radiation source and the second region The angle between the line connecting the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface and L is such that the intersection of the perpendicular line connecting the radiation source with the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the second area and the other side of the artificial composite material is 0 2 , the second area an outer surface (outermost boundary surface in FIG.
  • m2 is (3 ⁇ 4 of a circle, the radius of the arc segment 2 from rotating; a radiation source on the outer circumferential region of the bottom surface and the third point
  • the angle between the line and L is such that the intersection of the perpendicular line of the radiation source with the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the third area and the other side of the artificial composite material is 0 3 , the outer surface of the third area
  • the busbar is m3 ;
  • m3 is a circular arc segment with a radius of 0 3 and a radius of rotation. As shown in Figure 7, the arc The segments ml, m2, m3 are symmetrically distributed with respect to L.
  • the angle between the line connecting the radiation source and the point on the outer circumference of the bottom surface of the z-th region and the line perpendicular to the artificial composite material is ⁇
  • the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index of the adjacent three regions satisfy: n x( +l) mmiinn(( )) ⁇ /
  • the artificial composite 10 can be used to convert electromagnetic waves emitted by a radiation source into plane waves.
  • the refractive index of each region decreases from w ma ⁇ to M min ( ) as the angle increases, as shown in FIG.
  • the artificial composite material 10 provided by the present invention can also be applied to the case where plane waves are concentrated to the focus, that is, the reversible scene in FIG.
  • the configuration of the artificial composite material 10 itself does not need to be changed, and it is only necessary to place the radiation source on the second surface B-side, and the principle is the same at this time, but the radiation source in the definition of 0 should be on the first surface A side. And located at the virtual radiation source location of the artificial composite focus.
  • Various application scenarios that are performed by applying the principles of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the artificial composite material can be designed as a plurality of artificial composite material sheets, each of which includes a sheet-shaped substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures or artificial hole structures attached to the substrate.
  • the overall refractive index distribution needs to satisfy or approximately satisfy the above formula, so that the refractive index distribution on the same curved surface is the same, and the bus bar of the curved surface is designed as an elliptical arc, a parabolic arc, or an arc.
  • it may be designed as a precise elliptical arc or parabola.
  • Arcs are difficult to design, and can be designed as approximate elliptical arcs, parabolic arcs, arcs or steps. The exact degree of accuracy can be selected according to needs. As the technology continues to advance, the design approach will continue to evolve, and there may be better artificial composite design processes to achieve the refractive index arrangement provided by the present invention.
  • each of said artificial microstructures is a planar or three-dimensional structure having a geometric pattern consisting of at least one wire, such as, but not limited to, a "work" shape, a "ten” shape, or an elliptical shape.
  • the wire may be a copper wire or a silver wire which may be attached to the substrate by etching, plating, drilling, photolithography, electron engraving or ion etching.
  • the multiple artificial microstructures in the artificial composite reduce the refractive index of the artificial composite as the angle increases.
  • the refractive index distribution of the artificial composite material can be adjusted by rationally designing the topological pattern of the artificial microstructure and the arrangement of the artificial microstructures of different sizes in the electromagnetic wave concentrating element, thereby realizing the spherical wave form divergence.
  • the electromagnetic wave is converted into an electromagnetic wave in a planar form.
  • the units with the same refractive index are connected into a line, and the density of the line is used to indicate the size of the refractive index.
  • the refractive index profile of the artificial composite material meeting all the above relationships is shown in Fig. 8.
  • parabolic arc and the elliptical arc are exemplified in detail above.
  • the present invention is also applicable to other kinds of curves, such as irregular curves.
  • the case where the principle of the refractive index distribution of the present invention is satisfied is included in the protection.
  • the invention also provides an artificial composite antenna, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the artificial composite antenna comprises an artificial composite material 10 and a radiation source 20 disposed on the focal point of the artificial composite material 10, and the specific structure of the artificial composite material 10 And the refractive index change is as described above, and will not be described again here.
  • the artificial composite material as described above may have the shape shown in Fig. 3, and may of course be other annular shapes as needed, as long as it satisfies the refractive index change rule described above.
  • the artificial composite material of the present invention can be used as a lens, and can also be used in an antenna for communication, and has a wide range of uses.
  • an impedance matching layer may be disposed on both sides of the artificial composite material.
  • the content of the impedance matching layer can be referred to the prior art, and will not be described here.
  • the hopping of the refractive index of the artificial composite material is designed to be curved, thereby greatly reducing the refraction, diffraction and reflection effects at the transition, and alleviating the problems caused by mutual interference, so that the artificial composite material Has more excellent performance.

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Abstract

本发明涉及人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线,人工复合材料划分为多个区域;电磁波入射到人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表面射出;第i区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第i区域的底面,第i区域与所述第二表面的交集部分为第i区域的顶面;设辐射源与所述第i区域底面上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为θ,夹角θ唯一对应第i区域内的一曲面,第i区域底面上具有相同夹角θ的点的集合构成夹角θ唯一对应的曲面的边界;且夹角θ唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同;每一区域的折射率随着夹角θ的增大逐渐减小。本发明将人工复合材料的折射率的跳变设计为曲面状,减少了跳变处的折射、衍射和反射效应。

Description

人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电磁领域, 更具体地说, 涉及人工复合材料和人工复合材料天 线。 【背景技术】
在常规的光学器件中, 利用透镜能使位于透镜焦点上的点光源辐射出的球 面波经过透镜折射后变为平面波。 目前透镜的汇聚是依靠透镜的球面形状的折 射来实现, 如图 1所示, 辐射器 30发出的球面波经过球形的透镜 40汇聚后以 平面波射出。 发明人在实施本发明过程中, 发现透镜天线至少存在如下技术问 题: 球形透镜 40的体积大而且笨重, 不利于小型化的使用; 球形透镜 40对于 形状有很大的依赖性, 需要比较精准才能实现天线的定向传播; 电磁波反射干 扰和损耗比较严重, 电磁能量减少。 而且, 多数透镜的折射率的跳变是沿一条 简单的且垂直于透镜表面的直线, 导致电磁波经过透镜时的折射、 衍射和反射 较大, 严重影响透镜性能。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题在于, 针对现有技术的上述折射、 衍射和反射较 大、 透镜性能差的缺陷, 提供一种高性能的人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是: 构造一种人工复合材料, 所 述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 电磁波入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面 并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表面射出;
第 I区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 I区域的底面,第 I区域与所述第二 表面的交集部分为第 Z区域的顶面; 设辐射源与所述第 Z区域底面上一点的连线 与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Θ, 夹角 0唯一对应第 i区域内的一 曲面, 第 Z区域底面上具有相同夹角 0的点的集合构成夹角 0唯一对应的曲面的 边界; 且夹角 0唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同,所述曲面的母线为抛 物线弧; 每一区域的折射率随着夹角 0的增大逐渐减小。 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 设辐射源与第 Z区域底面外圆周上一点的 连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 ^, Z为正整数且越靠近人工复 合材料中心的区域对应的 Z越小;其中,夹角 对应的曲面的母线的弧长为 C( ), 弧长 c(^)和夹角 满足如下公式:
c{ei_l)nma -c{9i)nmm in((i))-
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, θ0 =0, c(00) = d., 为所述辐射源到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z +i区域的最大折射率。 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小折射 率满足: ax( ) = n min( +l) 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射 率满足: rin ix(i+l) ― ^min(i)〉 ^max(i+2) ― ^min(i+l) 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 第 Z区域的折射率满足:
1 . , s 、
xd + s
ο(θ)' →) cos^, 其中, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为辐射源与第 ζ区域底面上一点的 连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角, c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母 线的弧长。
在本发明所述的人工复合材料中,所述曲面的母线为抛物线弧时,弧长 满足如下公式:
g(|tan< | + Vl + tan2 θ) + δ ^^—^ ~ ~2
Θ
2 'tan< | + ^ 其中, 为预设小数。 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 以经过所述人工复合材料第一表面的中 心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第 一表面的中心且平行于所述第一表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述抛物线弧所在的 抛物线方程为: y(x) = tan^(-^ 2 + + 。 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 所述曲面的母线为椭圆弧时,
以经过所述人工复合材料第一表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直 线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第一表面的中心且平行于所述第一表 面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述椭圆弧所在的椭圆方程为:
(x - d)2 | (y - c)2 = 1
a2 b2 '
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系: d2 + (s tan θ - cf —
a2 b2 ' b2 d
Figure imgf000005_0001
在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 夹角 所对应的第一表面上的点的折射 角为^ 该点的折射率为 满足:
sin^
η{θ) = 。
sin^' 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 设辐射源与第 z区域底面外圆周上一点的 连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 ^, z为正整数且越靠近人工复 合材料中心的区域对应的 z越小; 其中, 夹角 满足如下公式:
s为所述辐射源
Figure imgf000005_0002
到所述人工复合材料的距离; ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 1为电磁波的波长, n→i) rimm(i)分别为第 I区域的最大折射率和最小折射率, "max(;+1)、 n→i+l)分 别为第 区域的最大折射率和最小折射率。 在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小折射 率两足: nmax(i) ~ nmin(i ) =
Figure imgf000006_0001
在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射 率两足:
Figure imgf000006_0002
在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 第 z区域的折射率满足:
'
Figure imgf000006_0003
其中, Θ为辐射源与第 z区域底面上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直 线之间的夹角。
在本发明所述的人工复合材料中, 所述人工复合材料两侧设置有阻抗匹配 层。
本发明还提供一种人工复合材料天线, 包括人工复合材料和设置在所述人 工复合材料焦点上的辐射源; 所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 电磁波入射 到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表面射出; 第 I区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 I区域的底面,第 I区域与所述第二 表面的交集部分为第 Z区域的顶面; 设辐射源与所述第 Z区域底面上一点的连线 与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Θ, 夹角 唯一对应第 i区域内的一 曲面, 第 Z区域底面上具有相同夹角 的点的集合构成夹角 唯一对应的曲面的 边界; 且夹角 唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同,所述曲面的母线为抛 物线弧; 每一区域的折射率随着夹角 的增大逐渐减小。
在本发明所述的人工复合材料天线中, 设辐射源与第 Z区域底面外圆周上一 点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Z为正整数且越靠近人 工复合材料中心的区域对应的 Z越小; 其中, 夹角 对应的曲面的母线的弧长为 c(0t ) , 弧长 c(^ )和夹角 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中, θ0 = 0 , c(00 ) = d ., 为所述辐射源到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长; Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z +i区域的最大折射率。
在本发明所述的人工复合材料天线中, 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小 折射率满足: nmax(i) ~ nmm(i ) = ^maxii+l) _ nmm(i+l)。
在本发明所述的人工复合材料天线中, 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小 折射率满足: n max(i+l) ~ nmm(i)〉 77max(i+2) _ nmm(i+l)
在本发明所述的人工复合材料天线中, 第 Z区域的折射率满足:
Figure imgf000007_0002
' ) ο(θΥ cos^ '
其中, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为辐射源与第 ζ区域底面上一点的 连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角, c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母 线的弧长。
在本发明所述的人工复合材料天线中, 所述曲面的母线为抛物线弧、 椭圆 弧或圆弧。
实施本发明的技术方案, 具有以下有益效果: 将人工复合材料的折射率的 跳变设计为曲面状, 从而大大减少跳变处的折射、 衍射和反射效应, 减轻了互 相干涉带来的问题, 使得人工复合材料和使用人工复合材料的天线具有更加优 异的性能。
【附图说明】
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一歩说明, 附图中:
图 1是现有的球面形状的透镜汇聚电磁波的示意图;
图 2是依据本发明一实施例的人工复合材料 10汇聚电磁波的示意图; 图 3是图 2所示的人工复合材料 10的结构示意图; 图 4示出了图 3中的的人工复合材料 10的侧视图;
图 5是图 4所示的弧线为抛物线弧时, 弧线 m与 0的关系示意图; 图 6是图 4所示的弧线为椭圆弧时, 弧线 m与 0的关系示意图;
图 7是图 4所示的弧线为圆弧时, 弧线 m的构造示意图;
图 8是人工复合材料 10在 yx平面上的折射率分布图。
【具体实施方式】
图 2是依据本发明一实施例的人工复合材料汇聚电磁波的示意图, 具有电 磁波汇聚功能的人工复合材料 10用于将辐射源 20发射的电磁波转换为平面波。
作为公知常识我们可知, 电磁波的折射率与 成正比关系, 当一束电磁 波由一种介质传播到另外一种介质时, 电磁波会发生折射, 当物质内部的折射 率分布非均匀时, 电磁波就会向折射率比较大的位置偏折, 通过设计人工复合 材料中每一点的电磁参数, 就可对人工复合材料的折射率分布进行调整, 进而 达到改变电磁波的传播路径的目的。 根据上述原理可以通过设计人工复合材料 10的折射率分布使从辐射源 20发出的球面波形式发散的电磁波转变成适于远距 离传输的平面波形式的电磁波。
图 3是图 2所示的人工复合材料 10的结构示意图。 人工复合材料 10划分 为多个区域; 电磁波入射到人工复合材料 10的第一表面 A并在与第一表面 A 相对的第二表面 B (如图 4所示) 射出。
其中第 z区域与第一表面 A的交集部分为第 z区域的底面, 第 z区域与第二 表面 B的交集部分为第 z区域的顶面。 设辐射源与第 z区域底面上一点的连线与 经过人工复合材料中心 0且垂直于人工复合材料的直线 L之间的夹角为 0, 夹 角 0唯一对应第 z区域内的一曲面;第 z区域底面上具有相同夹角 0的点的集合构 成夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面的边界, 该边界即曲面的母线绕着直线 L旋转得来的 圆周; 且夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区域的折射率随 着夹角 ^的增大逐渐减小。 图 3示出了两个区域(这里的区域是立体的概念, 在 图 3中, 就是两个区域)。 这里引入区域的概念只是为了更好地描述人工复合材 料的折射率分布而进行的划分, 实际上并不是实体的概念。 图 4示出了人工复 合材料 10的侧视图, 图中示出了两个区域的侧视图, 仅用于示意, 并不作为对 本发明的限制。 人工复合材料 10的厚度如图 d所示, L表示垂直于人工复合材 料的直线。 由图 4可知, 每一区域的侧视图为抛物线弧段, 相同弧线上的折射 率相同, 也即该弧线绕 L旋转所形成的曲面上的折射率相同。 文中涉及的曲面 为虚拟曲面, 仅为了描述方便引出的一概念。
设辐射源 20与第 z区域底面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 10 的直线 L之间的夹角为 , ,为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料 10中心 0的区域 对应的 z越小; 其中, 夹角 对应的曲面的母线的弧长为 c( ), 弧长 c( )和夹 角 满足如下公式:
H xW— (9
Figure imgf000009_0001
其中, θ0 = 0 c(0o ) = d . 为辐射源 20到人工复合材料 10的距离; 为 人工复合材料 10 的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, n Mmin( )分别为第 z区域的 最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1 Mmin(;+1)为第 z +l 区域的最大折射率和最小 π
折射率。 夹角 或 取值范围为 [0, 相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小折 射率满足: nn ax( ) = n. ax(i+l ) n. min( +l)
如图 3和 4所示, 示出了两个区域 101和 102, 是第一区域 101底面外圆 周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 10的直线 L之间的夹角, 是第二区域 102底面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料 10的直线 L之间的夹角, 设^ 、 ^mi„ i)已知, 第 1区域的 以及 wmax(2)可用下式计算得出:
Figure imgf000009_0002
.
cos
2区域的 和 wmax(3)可用下式计算得出: λ
Figure imgf000010_0001
在本发明一实施例中, 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足: nmax(M) ~ nmm(i)〉
Figure imgf000010_0002
_ ^min( +l)。
如图 4所示, 每一区域的最边界曲面的母线为弧线。 图中侧视图的弧线即 为每一区域最边界曲面的母线。 为了更清楚地描述相同曲面上的折射率相同, 对区域内部的曲面也进行阐述。 每一区域的内边界曲面的折射率最大, 外边界 曲面的折射率最小。
如图 3和图 4所示,辐射源与第 1区域 101底面 A1外圆周上一点的连线与 L之间的夹角为 , 第 1区域 101最边界曲面 Dml的母线为 ml , 弧线 ml的弧 长为 ), ml绕 L旋转而成的曲面即为 Dml。 辐射源与第 2区域 102底面 A2 外圆周上一点的连线与 L之间的夹角为 ,第 2区域 102最边界曲面 Dm2的母 线为 m2, 弧线 m2的弧长为 c( ), m2绕 L旋转而成的曲面即为 Dm2。 如图 4 所示, 弧线 ml、 m2相对于 L对称分布。 曲面 Dml、 Dm2上的折射率分布相同。
对于任一区域而言, 设辐射源与第 z区域底面上一点的连线与垂直于人工复 合材料的直线 L之间的夹角为 , 第 z区域的折射率 随着 的变化规律满 足:
1 . , s 、
ο(θ) ' m cos ^, 其中, 为人工复合材料 10的厚度; 为辐射源 20与第 ζ区域底面上一点 的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线 L之间的夹角, c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面 的母线的弧长, 夹角 0唯一对应第 z区域内的一曲面, 且夹角 0唯一对应的曲面 上每一处的折射率均相同。 图 4 中, 作为示例, 夹角 0唯一对应第一区域 101 内的曲面, 该曲面的母线为 m。
图 5是图 4所示的弧线为抛物线弧时, 弧线 m与 0的关系示意图。 假设抛 物线弧 m所在抛物线的方程为 = αχ2 + 6x + c。该抛物线经过点(0, stm O ), 即 (O) = c = s tan 。 为了使得经过人工复合材料 10后电磁波平行射出, 则需 使电磁波经过人工复合材料 10第二表面 B时抛物线弧 m的切线是与 X轴平行 的, 即保证 (ί ) = 0。 由于 ( ) = 2αχ + 6,
Figure imgf000011_0001
= 2ad + b = 0 0 另外还 要保证电磁波到达人工复合材料 10第一表面 Α时,电磁波沿着夹角 Θ对应的切 线方向传播, 因此 (O) = tan 。 由以上几个条件可得到抛物线的方程为 y(x) = tme(-^- x2 + x + s) , 由此可得夹角 0与抛物线弧 m上每一点 (x, y) 的关系式 :角 0唯一对应人工复合材料内的-
Figure imgf000011_0002
曲面, 该曲面就是由母线 m绕 L ( X轴) 旋转而来的, 夹角 唯一对应的该曲 面上每一处的折射率均相同。 弧线 m 的弧长 c( 满足如下公式
Figure imgf000011_0003
中, 为预设小数, 比如 0. 0001, 可以保证在夹角 0接近 0 的时候比值 夹角 ø取值范围为 [0, )。
Figure imgf000011_0004
如图 5所示, 以经过人工复合材料 10第一表面 A的中心 0且垂直于人工 复合材料 10的直线 L为横坐标轴, 以经过人工复合材料 10第一表面 A的中心 0且平行于第一表面 A的直线为纵坐标轴,辐射源与 A面上某一点 0'的连线与 X轴的夹角为 0, 夹角 0对应的虚拟曲面的母线为虚线所示的抛物线弧 m, 夹 角 0 一点 (X , y) 满足如下关系式:
Figure imgf000011_0005
图 6是图 4所示的弧线为椭圆弧时, 弧线 m与 0的关系示意图。 以经过人 工复合材料 10第一表面 A的中心 0且垂直于人工复合材料 10的直线 L为横坐 标轴, 以经过人工复合材料 10第一表面 A的中心 0且平行于第一表面 A的直 线为纵坐标轴, 辐射源与 A面上某一点 0'的连线与 X轴的夹角为 ^, 夹角 0对 应的虚拟曲面的母线为实线所示的椭圆弧 m。 椭圆上实线所示的椭圆弧 m所在的椭圆方程为: ― + ¾^~ = 1, a b
椭圆的中心位于第二表面 B上, 坐标为 (d, c)。 该椭圆经过点 (O^tan ) , 即
X0) o 为了使得经过人工复
Figure imgf000012_0001
合材料后电磁波平行射出, 则需使电磁波经过人工复合材料第二表面 B时椭圆 弧的切线是与 X轴平行的, 即保证 (^ ) = 0。 由于椭圆上任一点 (X, y ) 处的 切线方程为 £ =— ^ ^ , 由此可得满足 W) = o。 夹角 Θ所对应的第一表面 A上的点 0'的折射角为 θ,,该点的折射率为 η(θ), 根据斯奈尔定律可知: "( = "^ 。 电磁波到达人工复合材料 10第一表面 A 时, 电磁波沿着折射角 对应的切线方向传播(如图 5所示), 也就是说在椭圆 弧 m无限接近 0'的位置处满足 (0+) = tan ^, 由此可得如下关系式: sin^ b2 d
(0+) = ta
Figure imgf000012_0002
夹角 0唯一对应人工复合材料内的一曲面, 该曲面就是由母线 m绕 L ( X 轴) 旋转而来的, 夹角 0唯一对应的该曲面上每一处的折射率均相同。
图 7是图 4所示的弧线为圆弧时, 弧线 m的构造示意图。 每一区域的侧表 面(包括外表面和内表面)的母线为圆弧段。第 z区域的外表面的母线为圆弧段, 图中侧视图的圆弧段即为每一区域外表面的母线。 为了更清楚地描述相同曲面 上的折射率相同, 对区域内部的曲面也进行阐述。 其中辐射源与第 z区域底面外 圆周上一点的连线的垂线与所述人工复合材料远离所述辐射源的一面的交点为 所述圆弧段的圆心, 所述交点与区域底面外圆周上一点之间的垂线段为所述圆 弧段的半径。
第 z区域的内表面的母线为圆弧段, 其中辐射源与第 z区域底面内圆周上一 点的连线的垂线与所述人工复合材料远离所述辐射源的一面的交点为所述圆弧 段的圆心, 所述交点与区域底面外圆周上一点之间的垂线段为所述圆弧段的半 径, 其中 z≥2。 第一个区域是实心的, 没有内表面。 第 z +1 区域的内表面紧密 贴合于第 z区域的外表面, 也即第 z +1 个区域的内表面与第 z个区域的外表面的 各处曲率相同。 每一区域的内表面的折射率最大, 外表面的折射率最小。
辐射源与第 1区域底面外圆周上一点的连线与 L之间的夹角为 , 辐射源 与第 1 区域底面外圆周上一点的连线的垂线^与人工复合材料的另一面的交点 是 第 1区域外表面 (即图 3中的最边界曲面 Dml ) 的母线为 ml ; ml是以 (^为圆心、 为半径旋转而来的圆弧段。 同理, 辐射源与第 2个区域底面外圆 周上一点的连线与 L之间的夹角为 , 辐射源与第 2区域底面外圆周上一点的 连线的垂线 与人工复合材料的另一面的交点是 02, 第 2区域外表面 (即图 3 中的最边界曲面 Dm2 ) 的母线为 m2; m2是以 (¾为圆心、 2为半径旋转而来的 圆弧段; 辐射源与第 3个区域底面外圆周上一点的连线与 L之间的夹角为 , 辐射源与第 3个区域底面外圆周上一点的连线的垂线 ^与人工复合材料的另一 面的交点是 03, 第 3个区域外表面的母线为 m3 ; m3是以 03为圆心、 ^为半径 旋转而来的圆弧段。 如图 7所示, 圆弧段 ml、 m2、 m3相对于 L对称分布。
图 4所示的弧线为圆弧时, 设辐射源与第 z区域底面外圆周上一点的连线与 垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 ^, z为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料 中心的区域对应的 z越小; 其中, 夹角 满足如下公式: sinc(^.) = -^(wmax(/+1) -" ■));
0 , s为所述辐射源
Figure imgf000013_0001
到所述人工复合材料的距离; ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; A为电磁波的波长, n→)、 分别为第 I区域的最大折射率和最小折射率, "max(;+1)、 n→i+l)分 别为第 区域的最大折射率和最小折射率。相邻两个区域的最大折射率和最小 折射率满足: "maxW— MminW = ^max(W) - ^mi„(W)。 夹角 ^或 取值范围为 [0, ^)。 →)已知, 第 1区域的 以及 wmax(2)可用下式计算得出 d
sinc(^) = -(wmax(2) -wmin(1)
Figure imgf000014_0001
cos ' sin c(90) sinc(^)
2区域的 和 wmax(3)可用下式计算得出 d
sinc((92) = Omax(3)— wmin(2): n. 2
Figure imgf000014_0002
第 3区域的 可用下式计算得 sinc((¾) = omax(4) -wmin(3)) ;
Figure imgf000014_0003
cos ^3 cos ^2 s n c 92 s nc ^3
在本发明一实施例中, 相邻三个区域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足: n x( +l) mmiinn(( ))〉 /
mmaaxx(( ++22)) min( +l)
人工复合材料 10可用于将辐射源发射的电磁波转换为平面波。其每一区域 的折射率随着夹角的增大从 wma ^减小到 Mmin( ), 如图 4所示。 可以理解的是, 本发明提供的人工复合材料 10还可应用在平面波汇聚到焦点的情况, 也即图 2 中的可逆情景。 人工复合材料 10本身的构造无需改变, 只需将辐射源放置在第 二表面 B—侧即可, 而此时的原理一样, 但是 0的定义中的辐射源就应该是处 于第一表面 A侧且位于人工复合材料焦点的虚拟辐射源位置。 只要是应用本发 明的原理而进行的各种应用场景都属于本发明的保护范围。
人工复合材料在实际的结构设计时, 可以设计为多个人工复合材料片层, 每个片层包括片状的基板和附着在所述基板上的多个人造微结构或人造孔结 构。 多个人工复合材料片层结合在一起后整体的折射率分布需要满足或近似满 足上述公式, 使得在同一曲面上的折射率分布相同, 曲面的母线设计为椭圆弧、 抛物线弧、 或圆弧。 当然, 在实际设计时, 可能设计成精确的椭圆弧或抛物线 弧比较困难, 可以根据需要设计为近似的椭圆弧、 抛物线弧、 圆弧或者阶梯状, 具体的精确程度可依据需要来选择。 随着技术的不断进歩, 设计的方式也会不 断更新, 可能会有更好的人工复合材料设计工艺来实现本发明提供的折射率排 布。
对于人造微结构来说, 每个所述人造微结构为由至少一根金属丝组成的具 有几何图案的平面或立体结构, 例如但不限于 "工"字形、 "十"字形或者椭圆 形。 金属丝可以为铜丝或银丝, 可通过蚀刻、 电镀、 钻刻、 光刻、 电子刻或离 子刻的方法附着在基板上。 人工复合材料内多个人造微结构使得人工复合材料 的折射率随着夹角 的增大而减小。 在入射电磁波确定的情况下, 通过合理设 计人造微结构的拓扑图案和不同尺寸的人造微结构在电磁波汇聚元件内的排 布, 就可以调整人工复合材料的折射率分布, 进而实现球面波形式发散的电磁 波转变为平面形式的电磁波。
为了更直观的表示人工复合材料片层在 yx面上折射率折射率分布规律, 将 折射率相同的单元连成一条线, 并用线的疏密来表示折射率的大小, 线越密折 射率越大, 则符合以上所有关系式的人工复合材料的折射率分布如图 8所示。
上文以抛物线弧和椭圆弧为例进行了详细阐述, 作为非限制性例子, 本发 明还可以适用于其他种类的曲线, 例如不规则的曲线。 满足本发明折射率分布 原理的情况都包含在保护之列。
本发明还提供一种人工复合材料天线, 如图 2和图 3所示, 人工复合材料 天线包括人工复合材料 10和设置在人工复合材料 10焦点上的辐射源 20, 人工 复合材料 10的具体结构和折射率变化如上文所述, 此处不再赘述。
前文所述的人工复合材料可以是图 3 所示的形状, 当然也可以是其他需要 的形状圆环状, 只要是能够满足前文所述的折射率变化规律即可。 本发明的人 工复合材料可以用作透镜使用, 也可以用于通信领域的天线中, 用途广泛。
在实际应用时, 为了使得人工复合材料的性能更好, 减少反射, 可以再人 工复合材料两侧均设置阻抗匹配层。 关于阻抗匹配层的内容可参见现有技术资 料, 此处不再赘述。
本发明在人工复合材料的折射率的跳变设计为曲面状, 从而大大减少跳变 处的折射、 衍射和反射效应, 减轻了互相干涉带来的问题, 使得人工复合材料 具有更加优异的性能。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述, 但是本发明并不局限于上述 的具体实施方式, 上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的, 而不是限制性的, 本 领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下, 在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保 护的范围情况下, 还可做出很多形式, 这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 电磁波入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表 面射出;
第 I区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 I区域的底面,第 I区域与所述第二 表面的交集部分为第 Z区域的顶面; 设辐射源与所述第 Z区域底面上一点的连线 与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Θ, 夹角 0唯一对应第 i区域内的一 曲面, 第 Z区域底面上具有相同夹角 0的点的集合构成夹角 0唯一对应的曲面的 边界; 且夹角 0唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区域的折射率随 着夹角 0的增大逐渐减小。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 设辐射源与第 z区 域底面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 , z为 正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 z越小; 其中, 夹角 对应的曲 面的母线的弧长为 c( ), 弧长 c(^ )和夹角 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000017_0001
cos cos
其中, θ0 = 0 , c(00 ) = d ., 为所述辐射源到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长, Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z +i区域的最大折射率。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 相邻两个区域的最 大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(0 - nmm(i) = n→i+l) - n→+l)
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 相邻三个区域的最 大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(;+1) - nmm(i) > n→i+2) - n→+l)。 ;、 根据权利要求 2所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于,
两足:
1
η 二 xd + s
α(θ) ' maxw cos^, 其中, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为辐射源与第 ζ区域底面上一点的 连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角, c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母 线的弧长。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的母线为 抛物线弧时, 弧长 c( 满足如下公式:
log(|tan θ\ + Vl + tan2 Θ ) + ^ + ~~ Ί
Θ
2 tan< + ^ 其中, 为预设小数。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 以经过所述人工复 合材料第一表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直线为横坐标轴, 以经过 所述人工复合材料第一表面的中心且平行于所述第一表面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述抛物线弧所在的抛物线方程为: y(x) = tan^(-^ 2 + + 。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的母线为 椭圆弧时, 以经过所述人工复合材料第一表面的中心且垂直于所述人工复合材料的直 线为横坐标轴, 以经过所述人工复合材料第一表面的中心且平行于所述第一表 面的直线为纵坐标轴, 所述椭圆弧所在的椭圆方程为:
Figure imgf000018_0001
且上式中的 a、 b、 c满足如下关系:
Figure imgf000018_0002
b2 d
Figure imgf000019_0001
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 夹角 0所对应的第 一表面上的点的折射角为 0', 该点的折射率为 满足:
sin^
η θ) = 。
sin^'
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 设辐射源与第 z区 域底面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 , ,为 正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 z越小; 其中, 夹角 ^满足如下 公式:
d_
sinc( ) = ("max(d (0
= ; s为所述辐射源
Figure imgf000019_0002
到所述人工复合材料的距离; 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; /1为电磁波的波长,
^max( "minW分别为第/区域的最大折射率和最小折射率, "max( +1)、 "mi„(m)分 别为第 Z +1区域的最大折射率和最小折射率。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 相邻两个区域的 最大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(0 - nmm(i) = η→Μ ) - η→Μ)
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 相邻三个区域的 最大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(;+1) - nmm(i) > n→+2) - η→Μ)
13、 根据权利要求 10所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 第 ζ区域的折射 率满足:
sin (9 , , s 、
άχθ、 mdX、" cose 其中, Θ为辐射源与第 Ζ区域底面上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直 线之间的夹角。
14、 根据权利要求 1~13任一项所述的人工复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述人 工复合材料两侧设置有阻抗匹配层。
15、 一种人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 包括人工复合材料和设置在所 述人工复合材料焦点上的辐射源; 所述人工复合材料划分为多个区域; 电磁波 入射到所述人工复合材料的第一表面并在与所述第一表面相对的第二表面射 出;
第 I区域与所述第一表面的交集部分为第 I区域的底面,第 I区域与所述第二 表面的交集部分为第 ζ区域的顶面; 设辐射源与所述第 ζ区域底面上一点的连线 与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 Θ, 夹角 0唯一对应第 i区域内的一 曲面, 第 z区域底面上具有相同夹角 ^的点的集合构成夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面的 边界; 且夹角 ^唯一对应的曲面上每一处的折射率均相同; 每一区域的折射率随 着夹角 ^的增大逐渐减小。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 设辐射源与 第 z区域底面外圆周上一点的连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角为 θ ,为正整数且越靠近人工复合材料中心的区域对应的 ζ越小;其中,夹角 对 应的曲面的母线的弧长为 c( ), 弧长 c(^ )和夹角 满足如下公式:
Figure imgf000020_0001
其中, θ0 = 0 , c(00 ) = d ., 为所述辐射源到所述人工复合材料的距离; d 为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为电磁波的波长; Mmin(;)分别为第 z区域 的最大折射率和最小折射率, Mmax(;+1)为第 z +l区域的最大折射率。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 相邻两个区 域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足: "maxW - n→) = n→+l) - n→+l)
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 相邻三个区 域的最大折射率和最小折射率满足: "max(;+1) - n→) > n→+2) - n→+l)。 19、 根据权利要求 17所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 第 z区域的 折射率满足:
1 s
η, (Θ) = d x d + s ) .
'、 ) ο(θΥ cos ^ ' 其中, ^为所述人工复合材料的厚度; 为辐射源与第 ζ区域底面上一点的 连线与垂直于人工复合材料的直线之间的夹角, c( 为夹角 0对应的曲面的母 线的弧长。
20、 根据权利要求 15所述的人工复合材料天线, 其特征在于, 所述曲面的 母线为抛物线弧、 椭圆弧或圆弧。
PCT/CN2011/082303 2011-07-29 2011-11-16 人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线 WO2013016906A1 (zh)

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CN201110216711.9 2011-07-29
CN201110216631.3A CN103036063B (zh) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 一种透镜天线
CN201110216631.3 2011-07-29
CN201110216541.4 2011-07-29
CN201110216693.4A CN102904058B (zh) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 一种超材料
CN201110216711.9A CN102904060B (zh) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线
CN201110216677.5 2011-07-29
CN201110216541.4A CN102904053B (zh) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线
CN201110216677.5A CN102904056B (zh) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 人工复合材料和人工复合材料天线

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US20060028385A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Davis Mark R Metamaterial scanning lens antenna systems and methods
CN201515017U (zh) * 2009-11-04 2010-06-23 东南大学 一种透镜天线

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2658008C2 (ru) * 2014-06-24 2018-06-19 Тайхо Фармасьютикал Ко., Лтд. Новое пирролопиримидиновое соединение или его соль, фармацевтическая композиция, содержащая ее, в частности, агент для предотвращения и/или лечения опухолей, и тому подобное, на основе ингибиторного воздействия на nae

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