WO2013008803A1 - 発酵能を有する細菌を用いた多能性細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
発酵能を有する細菌を用いた多能性細胞の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing pluripotent cells using a bacterium having fermentation ability.
- ES cells called embryonic stem cells, were discovered from mouse embryos in 1981 and human embryos in 1998. Research has been conducted mainly on constructing tissues and organs as ES cells have the ability to change into various types of cells other than the cells that make up the placenta (pluripotency). However, ES cells have a large ethical problem because they use fertilized eggs that become life if they grow smoothly. Another major problem is the problem of rejection. Even if differentiated cells or organs created based on ES cells are transplanted into patients, the immune system may recognize them as non-self and attack them.
- Non-Patent Document 1 (Takahashi and Yamanaka, Cell 126, 663-676, 2006); and Non-Patent Document 2 (Takahashi et al., Cell 131, 861-872, 2007 ]].
- iPS cells Since the cells used at this time are derived from somatic cells such as the patient's own differentiated skin, even if cells differentiated from iPS cells are transplanted into the patient, the immune system recognizes the organ as self and the transplant is rejected. There is nothing. The discovery of iPS cells has cleared the problem of “bioethics” that ES cells had.
- iPS cells are attracting worldwide attention as a trump card for regenerative medicine, but there remains a technical problem that cells become cancerous.
- One of the causes of canceration is due to the c-Myc gene introduced into the cells.
- iPS cells were also produced by three factors other than the c-Myc gene.
- the introduction of genes into cells did not use retroviruses, but instead of using adenoviruses and plasmids, iPS cells were made, making it a step closer to the safer and practical use of iPS cells.
- some artificial genes are forcedly expressed in cells that have undergone cell differentiation, the possibility that these cells will become cancerous in the future cannot be denied.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing reprogrammed embryonic stem cells (ES) -like cells using Mycobacterium leprae or its components. That is, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing reprogrammed ES -like cells comprising contacting Mycobacterium leprae bacteria or components thereof with adult differentiated cells, and cells produced by this method. Are listed. However, Mycobacterium leprae is a leprosy, and there is a safety concern for its application to regenerative medicine.
- ES Embryonic Stem
- iPS induced pluripotent Stem
- the present inventor paid attention to bacteria having fermentation ability such as lactic acid bacteria and natto bacteria, and investigated the relationship between bacteria having fermentation ability and cells. That is, the present inventor has developed human skin cells (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, CELLAPPLICATIONS, INC. Cat No.106-05a) to lactic acid bacteria [Lactococcus lactis subsp. JCM20101), Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus (JCM20026), Lactobacillus sp. (JCM20061)] or Bacillus natto, respectively, forms cell masses like ES cells and iPS cells and is stained by alkaline phosphatase staining It was confirmed.
- human skin cells Human Dermal Fibroblasts, CELLAPPLICATIONS, INC. Cat No.106-05a
- lactic acid bacteria lactis subsp. JCM20101
- Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus JCM20026)
- these cell clusters expressed a marker molecule (SSEA-4) that is specifically expressed in ES cells and iPS cells. Furthermore, when these cell masses were differentiated, they differentiated into cells derived from mesoderm or ectoderm.
- SSEA-4 marker molecule
- pluripotent stem cells induced by lactic acid bacteria present in our bodies we can overcome ethics and canceration problems, and have high safety in regenerative medicine applications. Can be manufactured.
- the pluripotent cells produced by the method of the present invention can contribute to the treatment of diseases for which there has been no therapeutic method so far as a material for regenerative medicine.
- a method for producing a pluripotent cell from a somatic cell comprising a step of bringing a somatic cell into contact with a bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof or a secretion thereof.
- the method according to (1), wherein the somatic cell is a mammalian somatic cell.
- the method according to (1) or (2), wherein the somatic cell is a human or mouse somatic cell.
- the method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the bacteria having fermentative ability are lactic acid bacteria or natto bacteria.
- the lactic acid bacterium is a lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactococcus, Streptococcus, or Lactobacillus.
- the lactic acid bacterium is Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, Lactobacillus sp., Or Lactobacillus acidophilus.
- the step of bringing a somatic cell into contact with a bacterium having fermentation ability, its component or its secretion is a step of infecting a somatic cell with a bacterium having fermentation ability, its component or its secretion
- Method. (10) A pluripotent cell obtainable by the method according to any one of (1) to (9).
- (11) A method for producing somatic cells induced to differentiate from pluripotent cells, comprising the following steps.
- a somatic cell differentiated from a pluripotent cell which can be obtained by the method according to (11).
- a kit for producing pluripotent cells from somatic cells comprising a bacterium having fermentative ability, a component thereof, or a secreted product thereof.
- a method for producing non-cancer cells from cancer cells comprising a step of bringing cancerous cells into contact with bacteria having fermentation ability, components thereof or secretions thereof.
- the method according to (14), wherein the cancer cell is a human cancer cell.
- the bacterium having fermentation ability is lactic acid bacteria or natto bacteria.
- the lactic acid bacterium is a lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactococcus, Streptococcus, or Lactobacillus.
- the lactic acid bacterium is Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, Lactobacillus sp., Or Lactobacillus acidophilus.
- the step of contacting a cancer cell with a bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof or a secretion thereof is a step of infecting the cancer cell with a bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof or a secretion thereof.
- (20) A non-cancer cell obtainable by the method according to any one of (14) to (19).
- (21) An anticancer agent comprising lactic acid bacteria, components thereof or secretions thereof.
- lactic acid bacterium is a lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactococcus, Streptococcus, or Lactobacillus.
- the lactic acid bacterium is Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, Lactobacillus sp., Or Lactobacillus acidophilus.
- pluripotent stem cells can be produced by infecting somatic cells with bacteria having fermentation ability such as lactic acid bacteria that exist in the human body and coexist with the cells.
- bacteria having fermentation ability such as lactic acid bacteria that exist in the human body and coexist with the cells.
- the method for producing pluripotent cells using a bacterium having fermentation ability such as lactic acid bacteria according to the present invention is applied to the medical field (drug discovery research, drug safety, efficacy and side effect test), disease research (cause of incurable disease). Elucidation, development of therapeutic and preventive methods), regenerative medicine (functional repair of nerves, blood vessels and organs), and foods.
- FIG. 1 shows HDF cells cultured with lactic acid bacteria.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of staining HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria and staining the formed cell mass with an alkaline phosphatase coloring solution.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of staining HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria and staining the formed cell mass with an anti-SSEA-4 (MILLIPORE) antibody.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of RT-PCR of HDF cells infected with lactic acid bacteria and cDNA derived from the cell mass.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of examining whether a cell mass can be maintained for a long time after infecting HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria or Lactobacillus sp.
- FIG. 1 shows HDF cells cultured with lactic acid bacteria.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of staining HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria and staining the formed cell mass with an alkaline phosphatase coloring solution.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of staining HDF cells
- FIG. 6 shows that HDF cells are infected with lactic acid bacteria and stained with anti- ⁇ -SMA antibody (blood vessel marker), anti-Desmin antibody (mesoderm marker), anti-Tuj1 antibody (nerve cell marker), and anti-GFAP antibody (glial cell marker). The results are shown.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of culturing using a culture solution that induces differentiation induction in bone cells, fat cells or chondrocytes after infecting HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of observation of the cell mass after infecting HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria with an electron microscope.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of purifying tRNA from control HDF cells (C-HDF) and HDF cells (Bala-HDF) infected with lactic acid bacteria, and conducting microarray gene expression analysis.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of infecting HDF cells with lactic acid bacteria and then administering the unilateral testes of SCID mice to examine the formation of malformed species after 3 months.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of isolating Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts cells from E12.5 GFP mice, infecting them with lactic acid bacteria (JCN1021), and culturing them for 5 days.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of infecting lactic acid bacteria (JCM1021) with breast cancer cells (MCF7), liver cancer cells (HepG2), and lung cancer cells (A549) and culturing them for 4 days.
- FIG. 13 shows the results of adding yogurt to liver cancer cells (HepG2) and breast cancer cells (MCF7) and culturing for 9 days.
- FIG. 14 shows that cells were collected on days 4, 8, and 12 after infecting liver cancer cells (HepG2) with lactic acid bacteria (JCM1021), and using cancer cell markers c-Myc and CEA. The results of RT-PCR are shown.
- FIG. 15 shows the result of producing a cell mass of lung cancer cells (A549) and transplanting it subcutaneously into nude mice (8-week-old female), and forming a tumor after about 1 month.
- FIG. 16 shows the result of taking out and measuring the weight 40 days after transplanting the tumor subcutaneously. The control was in the absence of lactic acid bacteria (JCM1021), and the lactic acid bacteria were injected three times in the presence of lactic acid bacteria (2 ⁇ 10 8 in 0.2 ml) on the 3rd and 6th days after transplanting the tumor.
- FIG. 17 shows HDF cells cultured with natto or E. coli.
- the method for producing a pluripotent cell from a somatic cell comprises a step of bringing a somatic cell into contact with a bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof or a secreted product thereof.
- somatic cell used for initialization in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any somatic cell can be used. That is, the somatic cells referred to in the present invention include all cells other than germ cells among the cells constituting the living body, and may be differentiated somatic cells or undifferentiated stem cells.
- the origin of the somatic cell may be any of mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles and amphibians, but is not particularly limited, but is preferably a mammal (for example, a rodent such as a mouse or a primate such as a human). Preferably it is human or mouse.
- any fetal, neonatal or adult somatic cells may be used.
- somatic cells isolated from the patient suffering from the disease.
- cancer cells can be used as somatic cells.
- a non-cancer cell can be produced from a cancer cell by bringing the bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof or a secretion thereof into contact with the cancer cell.
- the step of bringing a somatic cell (including a cancer cell) into contact with a bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof or a secretion thereof can be performed in vitro.
- the pluripotent cell referred to in the present invention is capable of self-renewal over a long period of time under a predetermined culture condition (specifically, in the presence of lactic acid bacteria), and various cells (external cells) under a predetermined differentiation-inducing condition. It refers to a cell (such a cell is also referred to as a stem cell) having pluripotency into a germ layer cell, a mesoderm cell, or an endoderm cell.
- somatic cells are brought into contact with a bacterium having fermentation ability, a component thereof, or a secretion thereof.
- the type of bacteria having fermentative ability used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be an aerobic bacterium such as lactic acid bacterium or natto bacterium, or an anaerobic bacterium such as bifidobacteria.
- the kind of lactic acid bacteria used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Lactic acid bacteria is a general term for bacteria having the ability to produce lactic acid from sugars by fermentation. Typical lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc.
- lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus can also be used in the present invention.
- lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactococcus, Streptococcus, or Lactobacillus can be used.
- Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, Lactobacillus sp., Or Lactobacillus acidophilus can be used particularly preferably.
- bacterial components having fermentative ability include, but are not limited to, cell walls, nucleic acids, proteins, intracellular organelles, lipids, sugars, carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycosylated sugars. Absent.
- the pluripotent cell or non-cancer cell of the present invention can be isolated and cultured by culturing in the presence of a bacterium having fermentation ability using a normal medium for cell culture.
- the medium for culturing the pluripotent cells of the present invention includes various growth factors, cytokines, hormones, etc. (for example, FGF-2, TGF ⁇ -1, activin A, Nanoggin, BDNF) as necessary.
- cytokines, hormones, etc. for example, FGF-2, TGF ⁇ -1, activin A, Nanoggin, BDNF
- NGF, NT-1, NT-2, NT-3 and other components involved in the growth and maintenance of human ES cells may be added.
- the differentiation ability and proliferation ability of the separated pluripotent cells can be confirmed by using confirmation means known for ES cells.
- the uses of the pluripotent cells and non-cancer cells produced by the method of the present invention are not particularly limited, and can be used for various tests / researches and disease treatments.
- a growth factor such as retinoic acid, EGF, or glucocorticoid
- desired differentiated cells for example, nerve cells, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, pancreas
- stem cell therapy by autologous cell transplantation can be achieved by returning the differentiated cells thus obtained to the patient.
- Examples of central nervous system diseases that can be treated using the pluripotent cells of the present invention include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral infarction, spinal cord injury and the like.
- pluripotent cells can be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons and transplanted into the striatum of Parkinson's disease patients. Differentiation into dopaminergic neurons can be promoted by co-culturing mouse stromal cell line PA6 cells and the pluripotent cells of the present invention under serum-free conditions.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can be induced to differentiate into neural stem cells and then transplanted to the site of injury.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can be used for the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver failure.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can be differentiated into hepatocytes or hepatic stem cells and transplanted.
- Hepatocytes or hepatic stem cells can be obtained by culturing the pluripotent cells of the present invention in the presence of activin A for 5 days and then culturing with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) for about 1 week.
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can be used for the treatment of pancreatic diseases such as type I diabetes.
- pancreatic diseases such as type I diabetes
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can be differentiated into pancreatic ⁇ cells and transplanted into the pancreas.
- the method of differentiating pluripotent cells of the present invention into pancreatic ⁇ cells can be performed according to the method of differentiating ES cells into pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can be used for the treatment of heart failure associated with ischemic heart disease.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention are preferably differentiated into cardiomyocytes and then transplanted to the site of injury.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention can obtain cardiomyocytes in about 2 weeks after the formation of embryoid bodies by adding noggin 3 days before the formation of embryoid bodies and adding it to the medium.
- non-cancer cells can be produced from cancer cells by contacting the cancer cells with bacteria having fermentation ability such as lactic acid bacteria, components thereof or secretions thereof. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria, their components or secretions thereof are useful as anticancer agents, and anticancer agents containing lactic acid bacteria, their components or secretions thereof can be provided.
- an anticancer derived from a lactic acid bacterium is obtained by contacting a lactic acid bacterium, its component or its secretion with a cancer cell, and measuring the degree of conversion from the cancer cell to a non-cancer cell. Components can be screened.
- the anticancer component derived from lactic acid bacteria identified by the above screening is useful as an anticancer agent.
- Example 1 HDF cells Human Dermal Fibroblasts, CELL APPLICATIONS, INC. Cat No. 106-05a
- CMF Fibroblast Growth Medium
- a 10 cm petri dish Cells were washed with 10 ml CMF (Ca 2+ Mg 2+ free buffer).
- 1 ml of a 0.25% trypsin solution (containing 1 mM EDTA) was added and dispersed throughout.
- the cells were placed in a CO2 incubator (37 ° C) for 5 minutes. 3 ml of trypsin inhibitor solution (CELL APLICATION INC.) was added and suspended, and the number of cells was counted.
- Example 2 In 6 well plate, the lactic acid bacteria in HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ) [Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis (JCM20101), Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus (JCM20026), Lactobacillus sp. (JCM20061)] each infected with ( 7 ⁇ 10 7 ), cultured at 34 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 8 days, the cell mass was transferred to a 4-well plate, placed in an alkaline phosphatase coloring solution (Roche), and developed for 1 hour at room temperature. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the cell mass was colored purple, suggesting that HDF cells infected with lactic acid bacteria have pluripotency.
- Example 3 In 6 well plate, HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ) in lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis subsp Lactis;. JCM20101 ) were infected (7 x 10 7), 34 °C, 8 days of culture in 5% CO 2 incubator Thereafter, the formed cell mass was fixed with 4% PFA for 15 minutes at room temperature, and stained with a mouse anti-SSEA-4 (MILLIPORE) antibody. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the cell cluster expressed SSEA-4 antigen specifically expressed by pluripotent cells.
- lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp Lactis;. JCM20101
- MILLIPORE mouse anti-SSEA-4
- Example 4 HDF cells (2 ⁇ 10 5 / ml) were seeded on a 12-well plate, infected with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021, 2 ⁇ 10 7 ) and cultured in a 34 ° C., 5% CO 2 incubator for 8 days. The culture solution was changed half by half every 5 days, and tRNA was purified from the cell mass (20 cells) formed after 2 weeks using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). CDNA was synthesized using Oligo (dT) primer and SuperScript TM III (Invitrogen), and RT-PCR was performed with primer sets for several genes reported to be involved in pluripotency.
- lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus
- tRNA was purified from the cell mass (20 cells) formed after 2 weeks using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen).
- CDNA was synthesized using Oligo (dT) primer and SuperScript TM III (Invitrogen), and
- the amplified DNA was electrophoresed using a 2% agarose gel, and the band was confirmed by ethidium bromide staining.
- c-Myc, Nanog, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, and TDGF1 expression induction not observed in HDF cells was observed, but the expression of REX1, Fgf4, GDF3, and ECAT16 was observed.
- REX1, Fgf4, GDF3, and ECAT16 was observed.
- Example 5 In 6 well plate, HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ) in lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus;. JCM20026 ) or (Lactobacillus sp .; JCM20061) the post-infection (2 x 10 7), 5 % CO 2
- the cells were cultured in an incubator, and the culture solution was changed by half every 5 days to examine whether the cell mass could be maintained for a long time.
- Fibroblast Growth Medium CELL APLICATION INC.
- Fibroblast Growth Medium CELL APLICATION INC.
- the four photos on the left show 30 days after culture, and the two on the right show 50 days after culture.
- the cell mass was cultured in the presence of lactic acid bacteria, the cell mass could be maintained after 50 days, but the cell mass cultured in the absence of lactic acid bacteria caused cell death. It was suggested that lactic acid bacteria are necessary to maintain the mass.
- Example 6 In 6 well plate, HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ) in lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis subsp Lactis;. JCM20101,2 x 10 7) were infected with a poly-L-lysine cell mass formed after 8 days The cells were cultured for 7 days on a cover glass coated with laminin (Sigma, 50 ⁇ g / ml).
- mouse anti- ⁇ -SMA antibody Sigma, blood vessel marker
- rabbit anti-Desmin antibody Thermo, mesoderm marker
- mouse anti-Tuj1 antibody R & D, neuronal marker
- rabbit anti-GFAP Stained with antibody (Dako, glial cell marker).
- Example 7 In 6 well plate, the HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ) Lactobacillus; infected with (Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM1021,2 x 10 7) , were transferred to cell mass 4 well plate after 2 weeks.
- a culture solution (GIBCO; A10072-01, A10070-01, A10071-01) that induces differentiation into bone cells (B; A is 96 well after staining of B), adipocytes (C), and chondrocytes (D) 500 ml was added, and the culture medium was changed half by half every 3 days, and further cultured for 2 weeks.
- Example 8 In 6 well plate, the lactic acid bacteria in HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ); infected with (Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM1021,2 x 10 7) , the culture medium was replaced by half in five days every formed cells The lump was observed with an electron microscope by a general resin-embedded ultrathin section method (consigned to Tokai Electron Microscope Analysis). As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, lactic acid bacteria (red arrow in the left figure) were present in the cytoplasm. The right figure shows an enlarged view of the square area of the left photograph.
- Example 9 Microarray gene expression analysis by purifying tRNA using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) from HDF cell mass (Bala-HDF, 20 cells) infected with control HDF cells (C-HDF) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021) (Agilent Whole Genome (4 ⁇ 44K) Human 1 color method).
- Trizol reagent Invitrogen
- C-HDF control HDF cells
- lactic acid bacteria Lactoferrin (25 ⁇ g / ml) was added to increase the efficiency of cell mass formation, so the cells were described as Bala-HDF.
- lactoferrin 25 ⁇ g / ml
- FIG. 9A a cluster analysis was performed on a gene having a gene expression increase or decrease of 2 times or more.
- Gene group whose expression is increased in Bala-HDF compared to C-HDF is Group I, and gene group whose expression level is hardly changed in Bala-HDF is compared to Group II and C-HDF.
- the group of genes whose expression was decreased in Bala-HDF was set as Group III.
- FIG. 9-2 the analysis was performed focusing on a group of genes reported to be involved in stem cell pluripotency.
- Example 10 In 6 well plate, the lactic acid bacteria in HDF cells (5 x 10 5/2 ml ); after the (Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM1021,2 x 10 7) were infected, a cell mass collected after 2 weeks, trypsinized, 5 by administering x 10 5/30 ⁇ l cells on one side testis SCID mice (male 9-10 weeks old), it was examined in the formation of teratomas after 3 months. As a result, as shown in the photograph of FIG. 10, the testis administered with lactic acid bacteria-infected cells (upper) was slightly larger than the control testis (lower; testis on the opposite side of the same mouse individual), but the malformed species The formation of was not confirmed. Paraffin sections (6 ⁇ m) were prepared and HE stained. There was no difference in the structure of testis transplanted with HDF cells infected with JCM1021 and control testis.
- Example 11 The mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF cell) collection method produced by RIKEN Center for Developmental Sciences was followed. Day 12.5 embryonic GFP mice were removed from the uterus and the head, tail, limbs and viscera were removed. The remaining tissue with surgical scissors was minced and incubated in 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes. After filtration with a cell strainer, the cells were suspended in a cell culture solution, and cells for one fetus were spread on one 10 cm petri dish. When it became confluent, it was infected with lactic acid bacteria (JCM1021) as in the case of HDF cells and cultured for 5 days. As a result, as shown in the photograph of FIG. 11, MEF cells infected with lactic acid bacteria formed cell clusters.
- JCM1021 lactic acid bacteria
- Example 12 Breast cancer cell lines (MCF7; RBRC-RCB1904), lung cancer cell lines (A549; RBRC-RCB0098), and liver cancer cell lines (HEP G2; RBRC-RCB1648) were obtained from RIKEN BioResource Center.
- MCF7 RBRC-RCB1904
- lung cancer cell lines A549; RBRC-RCB0098
- liver cancer cell lines HEP G2; RBRC-RCB16478
- 1 ⁇ 10 8 lactic acid bacteria per well (Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis (JCM20101)) is placed in a 6 well plate in advance, and 5 ⁇ 10 5 cancer cells are added. Incubate in a 34 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, cell clusters can be observed after several days. The picture is from 4 days after culturing.
- Example 13 The same experiment as in Example 1 was performed, but 50 ⁇ l of commercially available yoghurt per well was previously placed in a 6-well plate, and 5 ⁇ 10 5 cancer cells were added. Incubate in a 34 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, cell clusters can be observed after several days. The picture is from 9 days after culturing.
- Example 14 An experiment similar to Example 12 was performed using a liver cancer cell line (HEP G2) and a lactic acid bacterium (JCM20101). Cells were collected on days 4, 8, and 12 after infection, and RT-PCR was performed using cancer cell markers c-Myc and carcino embryonic antigen (CEA). The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, both marker molecules were expressed on day 0, but c-Myc was observed to decrease in expression from day 4 and CEA was observed from day 8.
- HEP G2 liver cancer cell line
- JCM20101 lactic acid bacterium
- Example 15 The Hanging Drop method, the cells were suspended in culture medium at a ratio of 1 x 10 5/20 [mu] l were trypsinized, after dropping to the petri dish lid, flip the lid, place overnight. On the next day, a cell mass is observed at the tip of the drop, and the cells are transplanted as a mass to a mouse.
- a hanging drop method was performed using a lung cancer cell line (A549) to prepare a cell mass. Five of these cell masses were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice (8 weeks old, female). After about one month, a tumor is formed ( Figure 15). The tumor is removed and trimmed to a size of 4 x 4 mm. The control soaks the tumor mass in PBS solution.
- the tumor mass is immersed in a solution (1 ⁇ 10 8 / ml) of lactic acid bacteria (JCM20101) for 20 minutes at room temperature. Thereafter, a lump of tumor was transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice (8 weeks old, female). Mice containing lactic acid bacteria were injected with a solution containing lactic acid bacteria on the 3rd and 6th days. After 40 days, the tumor was removed and weighed. The results are shown in FIG. Compared with mice transplanted with tumor, tumors were smaller in mice infected with lactic acid bacteria and then injected with lactic acid bacteria.
- Example 16 As in Example 1, 1 ⁇ 10 8 natto or E. coli (XLI-blue: Stratagene) per well was placed in a 6 well plate in advance, and 5 ⁇ 10 5 HDF cells (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, CELL APPLICATIONS, INC. Cat No. 106-05a). Incubate in a 34 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 17, a cell mass can be observed after several days in the presence of Bacillus natto, but no cell mass was formed in the presence of E. coli. The photograph shows the 8 days after culturing.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程を含む、体細胞から多能性細胞を製造する方法。
(2) 体細胞が、哺乳類動物の体細胞である、(1)に記載の方法。
(3) 体細胞がヒト又はマウスの体細胞である、(1)又は(2)に記載の方法。
(4) 体細胞が、がん細胞である、(1)から(3)の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(5) 発酵能を有する細菌が、乳酸菌、又は納豆菌である、(1)から(4)の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(6) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、(5)に記載の方法。
(7) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、(6)に記載の方法。
(8) 体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程が、体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を感染させる工程である、(1)から(7)の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(9) 体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる前に、体細胞をトリプシン処理する工程を含む、(1)から(8)の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(10) (1)から(9)の何れかに記載の方法により得ることができる多能性細胞。
(11) 以下の工程を含む、多能性細胞から分化誘導された体細胞を製造する方法。
(a)(1)から(9)の何れかに記載の方法により多能性細胞を製造する工程;及び
(b)工程(a)で得られた多能性細胞を分化誘導する工程。
(12) (11)に記載の方法により得ることができる、多能性細胞から分化誘導された体細胞。
(13) 発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を含む、体細胞から多能性細胞を製造するためのキット。
(14) がん細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程を含む、がん細胞から非がん細胞を製造する方法。
(15) がん細胞がヒトのがん細胞である、(14)に記載の方法。
(16) 発酵能を有する細菌が、乳酸菌、又は納豆菌である、(14)又は(15)に記載の方法。
(17) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、(16)に記載の方法。
(18) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、(17)に記載の方法。
(19) がん細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程が、がん細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を感染させる工程である、(14)から(18)の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(20) (14)から(19)の何れかに記載の方法により得ることができる非がん細胞。
(21) 乳酸菌、その成分又はその分泌物を含む、抗がん剤。
(22) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、(21)に記載の抗がん剤。
(23) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、(21)又は(22)に記載の抗がん剤。
(24) がん細胞に、乳酸菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程、及びがん細胞から非がん細胞への転換の程度を測定する工程を含む、乳酸菌由来の抗がん成分をスクリーニングする方法。
(25) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、(24)に記載の方法。
(26) 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、(24)又は(25)に記載の方法。
本発明による体細胞から多能性細胞を製造する方法は、体細胞に発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明で用いる発酵能を有する細菌の種類は特に限定されず、乳酸菌、納豆菌などの好気性細菌でもよいし、ビフィズス菌などの嫌気性細菌でもよい。
本発明で用いる乳酸菌の種類は特に限定されない。乳酸菌とは、発酵によって糖類から乳酸を産生する能力を有する菌の総称である。代表的な乳酸菌としては、ラクトバシラス属 (Lactobacillus) 、ビフィドバクテリウム属 (Bifidobacterium)、エンテロコッカス属 (Enterococcus) 、ラクトコッカス属 (Lactococcus) 、ペディオコッカス属(Pediococcus)、リューコノストック属 (Leuconostoc) 、ストレプトコッカス属(Streptococcus)などに属する乳酸菌が挙げられ、本発明においてもこれらの乳酸菌を使用することができる。好ましくは、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌を使用することができる。乳酸菌としては、特に好ましくは、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilusを使用することができる。
10cmシャーレでHDF細胞(Human Dermal Fibroblasts, CELL APPLICATIONS, INC. Cat No.106-05a)をFibroblast Growth Medium(CELL APLICATION INC.)で培養した。10mlのCMF(Ca2+ Mg2+フリーバッファー)で細胞を洗浄した。0.25%トリプシン溶液(1mM EDTA含)を1ml加えて全体にいきわたらせた。細胞をCO2インキュベーター(37℃)に5分間入れた。トリプシン阻害溶液(CELL APLICATION INC.)3mlを加え懸濁し、細胞数をカウントした。あらかじめ6 well plate に1 wellあたり7 x 107の乳酸菌[Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis (JCM20101)、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (JCM20026)、Lactobacillus sp. (JCM20061)、Lactobacillus acidophilus (JCM1021)]を各々入れておき、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)を加えた。乳酸菌は理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター 微生物材料開発室から購入したものを使用した。細胞をそのまま34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで培養した。
その結果、数日後には細胞塊が観察でき、図1の写真は培養してから8日後のものを示す。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌[Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis (JCM20101)、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (JCM20026)、Lactobacillus sp. (JCM20061)]を各々感染させ(7 x 107)、34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで8日間培養後、細胞塊を4 well plateに移し、アルカリファスファターゼ発色液(Roche)に入れ、室温で1時間発色させた。
その結果、図2に示すように細胞塊が紫色に発色したことから、乳酸菌を感染させたHDF細胞が多能性を有することが示唆された。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌(Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis; JCM20101)を感染させ(7 x 107)、34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで8日間培養後、形成された細胞塊を4% PFAで室温15分間固定し、マウス抗SSEA-4(MILLIPORE)抗体で染色した。
その結果、図3に示すように細胞塊は多能性細胞が特異的に発現するSSEA-4抗原を発現していた。
HDF細胞(2 x 105/ml)を12well plateにまき、乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021、2 x 107)と感染させ34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで8日間培養した。5日間おきに培養液を半分ずつ交換し、2週間後に形成された細胞塊(20個)からTrizol試薬(Invitrogen)を用いてtRNAを精製した。 Oligo(dT)プライマーとSuperScriptTM III(Invitrogen)を用いてcDNAを合成し、多能性に関与すると報告されているいくつかの遺伝子に対するプライマーセットによりRT-PCR法を行った。2%アガロースゲルを用いて増幅されたDNAを電気泳動し、エチジウムブロマイド染色によりバンドを確認した。
その結果、乳酸菌を感染させた細胞塊では、HDF細胞では発現していないc-Myc、Nanog、Oct3/4、Sox2、TDGF1の発現誘導が観察されたが、REX1、Fgf4、GDF3、ECAT16の発現はみられなかった。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌 (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus; JCM20026)または(Lactobacillus sp.; JCM20061)を感染後(2 x 107)、5% CO2インキュベータで培養し、5日おきに培養液を半分ずつ交換し、細胞塊を長期間維持できるか検討した。培養には、乳酸菌を加えたFibroblast Growth Medium(CELL APLICATION INC.)、または、加えないFibroblast Growth Medium(CELL APLICATION INC.)を用いた。左の4枚の写真は培養30日後、右の2枚の写真は培養50日後を示す。
その結果、図5に示すように、乳酸菌の存在下で細胞塊を培養すると50日後も細胞塊は維持できたが、乳酸菌非存在下で培養した細胞塊は細胞死をおこしたことから、細胞塊の維持には乳酸菌が必要であることが示唆された。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌(Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis; JCM20101、2 x 107)を感染させ、8日後に形成された細胞塊をポリLリジンとラミニン(Sigma、50μg/ml)でコートしたカバーグラス上で7日間培養した。4% PFAで室温15分間固定後、マウス抗α-SMA抗体(Sigma、血管マーカー)、ウサギ抗Desmin抗体 (Thermo、中胚葉マーカー)、マウス抗Tuj1抗体(R&D、神経細胞マーカー)、ウサギ抗GFAP抗体(Dako、グリア細胞マーカー)で染色した。
その結果、図6に示すように、分化させた後の細胞は各々の抗体で認識されたことから、HDF細胞が様々なタイプの細胞に分化したことが示された。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021、2 x 107)を感染させ、2週間後に細胞塊を4 well plateに移した。骨細胞(B; AはBの染色後の96 well)、脂肪細胞(C)、軟骨細胞(D)に分化誘導をうながす培養液(GIBCO; A10072-01, A10070-01, A10071-01)を500 ml加え、3日間おきに培養液を半分ずつ交換し、さらに2週間培養した。細胞分化を調べるために、各々のplate内の細胞をAlizarin Red S染色(骨)、Oil Red O染色(脂肪)、Alcian Blue染色(軟骨)により染色した。
その結果、図7に示すように、乳酸菌を感染させた細胞塊はAlizarin Red S染色(骨)、Oil Red O染色(脂肪)、Alcian Blue染色(軟骨)により染色されたことにより、細胞の分化が確認できた。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021、2 x 107)を感染させ、5日間おきに培養液を半分ずつ交換し、形成された細胞塊を一般的な樹脂包埋超薄切片法により電子顕微鏡で観察した(株式会社 東海電子顕微鏡解析に委託)。
その結果、図8に示すように、乳酸菌(左図の赤矢印)は細胞質内に存在していた。右図は左写真の四角領域の拡大図を示す。
コントロールのHDF細胞(C-HDF)と乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021)を感染させたHDF細胞塊(Bala-HDF、20個)からTrizol試薬(Invitrogen)を用いてtRNAを精製し、マイクロアレイ遺伝子発現解析を行った(Agilent Whole Genome (4 x 44K) Human 1色法)。この実験では、細胞塊形成の効率を上げるために、ラクトフェリン(25μg/ml)を加えているので、細胞をBala-HDFと記載した。解析は株式会社Oncomicsに委託した。
図9-1は遺伝子発現の増減が2倍以上ある遺伝子についてクラスター解析を行った。C-HDFに対してBala-HDFで発現が増加している遺伝子群をグループI、C-HDFに対してBala-HDFで発現量がほとんど変化しない遺伝子群をグループII、C-HDFに対してBala-HDFで発現が減少している遺伝子群をグループIIIとした。図9-2では、幹細胞の多能性に関与すると報告されている遺伝子群に注目して解析を行った。
6 well plate内で、HDF細胞(5 x 105/2 ml)に乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus; JCM1021、2 x 107)を感染させた後、2週間後に細胞塊を集め、トリプシン処理を行い、5 x 105/30 μl細胞をSCIDマウス(オス9-10週令)の片側精巣に投与して、奇形種の形成を3ヶ月後に調べた。
その結果、図10の写真のように、乳酸菌感染細胞を投与した精巣(上)ではコントロールの精巣(下;同一マウス個体の反対側の精巣)と比べて少し大きくはなっていたが、奇形種の形成は確認されなかった。パラフィン切片(6μm)を作製し、HE染色を行った。JCM1021を感染させたHDF細胞を移植した精巣とコントロールの精巣の構造には差が見られなかった。
理化学研究所 発生・再生科学総合研究センター作製のマウス胚線維芽細胞(MEF細胞)採取方法に従った。12.5日目胚のGFPマウスを子宮から摘出し、頭部、尾部、四肢および内臓を除去した。手術用ハサミで残った組織を細かく切り刻み、0.25% trypsin-EDTA液に37℃で15分間インキュベートした。セルストレーナーで濾過後、細胞培養液に懸濁し、10cmシャーレ1枚に胎児1匹分の細胞をまいた。コンフルエントになったら、HDF細胞の場合と同様に乳酸菌(JCM1021)を感染させ、5日間培養した。
その結果、図11の写真のように、乳酸菌を感染させたMEF細胞は細胞塊を形成した。
理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンターから乳がん細胞株(MCF7; RBRC-RCB1904)、肺がん細胞株(A549; RBRC-RCB0098)、肝がん細胞株(HEP G2; RBRC-RCB1648)を入手した。実施例1と同様に、あらかじめ6 well plate に1 wellあたり1 x 108の乳酸菌[Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis (JCM20101)]を入れておき、5 x 105のがん細胞を加える。そのまま34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで培養する。
結果を図12に示す。図12に示すように数日後には細胞塊が観察できる。写真は培養してから4日後のものである。
実施例1と同様の実験を行ったが、あらかじめ6 well plate に1 wellあたり50μlの市販ヨーグルトを入れておき、5 x 105のがん細胞を加える。そのまま34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで培養する。
結果を図13に示す。図13に示すように数日後には細胞塊が観察できる。写真は培養してから9日後のものである。
実施例12と同様の実験を肝がん細胞株(HEP G2)と乳酸菌(JCM20101)を用いて行った。感染から4, 8, 12日目に細胞を回収し、がん細胞のマーカーであるc-Mycとcarcino embryonic antigen(CEA)を用いてRT-PCR法を行った。
結果を図14に示す。図14に示すように、両マーカー分子とも0日目には発現しているが、c-Mycは4日目、CEAは8日目から発現の減少が観察された。
Hanging Drop法とは、細胞をトリプシン処理して1 x 105 / 20μlの割合で培養液に懸濁し、シャーレの蓋にドロップした後、蓋をひっくり返し、1晩置く。翌日、ドロップの先端に細胞塊が観察され、細胞を塊としてマウスに移植するための方法である。肺がん細胞株(A549)を用いてHanging Drop法を行い、細胞塊を作製した。これらの細胞塊5個をヌードマウス(8週齢、メス)の皮下に移植した。約1ヶ月後、腫瘍が形成される(図15)。この腫瘍を取り出し、4 x 4 mmの大きさにトリミングする。コントロールは腫瘍の固まりをPBS液に浸ける。実験対象として、腫瘍の固まりを乳酸菌(JCM20101)の液(1 x 108 /ml)に室温で20分間浸ける。その後、1個の腫瘍の固まりをヌードマウス(8週齢、メス)の皮下に移植した。乳酸菌の実験対象マウスには、3、6日目に乳酸菌を含む液を注入した。40日後に、腫瘍を取り出し、その重さを計測した。
結果を図16に示す。腫瘍を移植したマウスと比べ、乳酸菌を感染させ、その後乳酸菌を注入したマウスでは、腫瘍が小さくなっていた。
実施例1と同様に、あらかじめ6 well plate に1 wellあたり1 x 108の納豆菌または大腸菌(XLI-blue: Stratagene社)を入れておき、5 x 105のHDF細胞(Human Dermal Fibroblasts, CELL APPLICATIONS, INC. Cat No.106-05a)を加える。そのまま34℃、5% CO2インキュベータで培養する。
結果を図17に示す。図17に示すように、納豆菌存在下では数日後に細胞塊が観察できるが、大腸菌存在下では、細胞塊は形成されなかった。写真は培養してから8日後のものを示す。
Claims (26)
- 体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程を含む、体細胞から多能性細胞を製造する方法。
- 体細胞が、哺乳類動物の体細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 体細胞がヒト又はマウスの体細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 体細胞が、がん細胞である、請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 発酵能を有する細菌が、乳酸菌、又は納豆菌である、請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程が、体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を感染させる工程である、請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 体細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる前に、体細胞をトリプシン処理する工程を含む、請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から9の何れかに記載の方法により得ることができる多能性細胞。
- 以下の工程を含む、多能性細胞から分化誘導された体細胞を製造する方法。
(a)請求項1から9の何れかに記載の方法により多能性細胞を製造する工程;及び
(b)工程(a)で得られた多能性細胞を分化誘導する工程。 - 請求項11に記載の方法により得ることができる、多能性細胞から分化誘導された体細胞。
- 発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を含む、体細胞から多能性細胞を製造するためのキット。
- がん細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程を含む、がん細胞から非がん細胞を製造する方法。
- がん細胞がヒトのがん細胞である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 発酵能を有する細菌が、乳酸菌、又は納豆菌である、請求項14又は15に記載の方法。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- がん細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程が、がん細胞に、発酵能を有する細菌、その成分又はその分泌物を感染させる工程である、請求項14から18の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項14から19の何れかに記載の方法により得ることができる非がん細胞。
- 乳酸菌、その成分又はその分泌物を含む、抗がん剤。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、請求項21に記載の抗がん剤。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、請求項21又は22に記載の抗がん剤。
- がん細胞に、乳酸菌、その成分又はその分泌物を接触させる工程、及びがん細胞から非がん細胞への転換の程度を測定する工程を含む、乳酸菌由来の抗がん成分をスクリーニングする方法。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus属、Streptococcus属、又はLactobacillus属の乳酸菌である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 乳酸菌が、Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis、Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 、Lactobacillus sp.、又はLactobacillus acidophilus である、請求項24又は25に記載の方法。
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