WO2013007107A1 - 一种电机变频调速系统 - Google Patents

一种电机变频调速系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013007107A1
WO2013007107A1 PCT/CN2012/070281 CN2012070281W WO2013007107A1 WO 2013007107 A1 WO2013007107 A1 WO 2013007107A1 CN 2012070281 W CN2012070281 W CN 2012070281W WO 2013007107 A1 WO2013007107 A1 WO 2013007107A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator winding
current
phase
detected
winding
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PCT/CN2012/070281
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王怡华
程世国
宁国云
曾贤杰
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大禹电气科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 大禹电气科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 大禹电气科技股份有限公司
Priority to DK12811643.1T priority Critical patent/DK2731262T3/en
Priority to EP12811643.1A priority patent/EP2731262B1/en
Publication of WO2013007107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013007107A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to motor technology, in particular to a motor frequency conversion speed regulation system. Background technique
  • high-voltage inverters use variable-voltage speed control, usually using high-voltage inverters to control high-voltage motors.
  • the capacity of the high-voltage inverter used is usually larger than the rated capacity of the high-voltage motor.
  • the high-voltage inverter has high cost, large volume, complicated control system, and difficult operation and maintenance, which seriously hinders its popularization application. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a motor variable frequency speed control system, which is characterized in that it comprises: a motor, comprising:
  • a first stator winding having a first winding pole number G for connection to a high voltage alternating current source
  • Frequency control device including:
  • a rectifying unit having an input end connected to a low voltage AC power source
  • Inverting unit at least one of its input ends is connected to an output end of the rectifying unit, and an output end thereof is connected to the second stator winding;
  • a first current detecting unit configured to detect a three-phase current of the first stator winding
  • a second current detecting unit configured to detect a three-phase current of the second stator winding
  • a controller one of its inputs is connected to the first current detecting unit, and the other of the inputs is connected to the second current detecting unit, one of the outputs thereof and the inverter unit At least one of the input terminals is connected for bases separated from each of the detected three-phase current of the first stator winding and the three-phase current of the second stator winding according to a given value
  • the wave component and the harmonic component are separately controlled to obtain a control signal output to the inverter unit.
  • the first stator winding of the motor can be directly powered by a high voltage alternating current power source such as a high voltage power grid, and the second stator winding can be powered by a frequency conversion speed regulating device, so that low voltage and low power can be used.
  • the frequency conversion speed control device controls the high voltage and high power motor, which saves energy, and the overall efficiency of the system is much higher than that of the conventional frequency converter and its motor system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a motor variable frequency speed control system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a frequency conversion control method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a frequency conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a specific example of the control method a schematic diagram of the separation of the three-phase current of the control winding;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the separation of three-phase currents of a power winding in a specific example of a frequency conversion control method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing a vector control in a specific example of a frequency conversion control method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a controller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the motor variable frequency speed control system of the embodiment includes: a motor and a frequency conversion speed regulating device.
  • the motor comprises a first stator winding and a second stator winding, wherein the first stator winding (ie, the power winding or the high voltage winding) has a first winding pole pair number G for connection A high-voltage AC power source such as a high-voltage power grid, wherein the second stator winding (ie, the control winding or the low-voltage winding) has a second winding pole number D for connecting to the low-voltage variable frequency speed regulating device.
  • the motor also includes a rotor having a multi-phase winding type winding. In one example, the number m of phases of the rotor winding satisfies the following relationship:
  • n 60xf g /G, where f g is a high voltage alternating current power frequency
  • the magnetomotive force rotation speed of the low voltage winding is:
  • n 60xf d /D, where f d is the fundamental frequency of the variable frequency power supply;
  • n 60x (f g ⁇ f d ) /(G+D),
  • the frequency conversion speed regulation of the motor can be realized by the frequency conversion control of the low voltage winding.
  • the motor described above is a brushless doubly-fed machine.
  • the frequency conversion speed regulating device connected to the motor and performing frequency conversion and speed regulation on the motor comprises: a rectifying unit 110, the input end of which is connected to the low voltage alternating current power source such as the low voltage power grid through the input contactor 120; the inverter unit 130, a plurality of input terminals, at least one of which is connected to an output end of the rectifying unit, and an output end and a second stator winding
  • control winding connected, receiving the DC power output of the rectifying unit and the control signal output by the controller 160; the first current detecting unit 140, for the first stator winding
  • the three-phase current of the (power winding) is detected, and the input end thereof is connected with the first stator winding, that is, the power winding, as shown in FIG. 1 , which can be connected to the first stator of the power grid and the motor.
  • the winding is the power winding, and the output end thereof is connected to the controller 160;
  • the second current detecting unit 150 is configured to detect the three-phase current of the second stator winding, and the input end thereof is connected with the second stator winding, such as As shown in FIG. 1, it can be connected between the inverter unit and the second stator winding of the motor, that is, the control winding, and the output end thereof is connected to the controller 160.
  • the controller 160 has multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
  • the alternating current power source is coupled to the other of the outputs of the controller, the output of which is coupled to the first stator winding for controlling the on and off of the power winding based on a signal output by the controller.
  • the motor variable frequency speed control system of this embodiment may further include: an encoder 180 directly connected to the shaft of the brushless doubly-fed machine for outputting a rotor to the controller and the brushless doubly-fed motor Location related information.
  • the information output from the encoder determines the rotor speed and the rotor magnetomotive phase angle.
  • the encoder can be mounted on the shaft of the motor.
  • the motor variable frequency speed control system of this embodiment may further include: a control panel 190 connected to the controller 160 for receiving an operation command and displaying a current state.
  • the operator can input a corresponding control signal to the controller via the control panel, such as inputting a corresponding given signal.
  • the motor variable frequency speed control system of the embodiment further includes: a voltage stabilizing capacitor 181 connected in parallel to the output end of the rectifying unit for regulating the output voltage of the rectifying unit.
  • the inventors of the present invention found the harmonics of the winding in the process of implementing the present invention so that the motor is There is an unstable defect in operation.
  • the controller 160 passes the three of the detected first stator windings.
  • Controlling the wave components separately to obtain the control signal output to the inverter unit can overcome the interaction of the power winding, the control winding and the rotor winding magnetic field during operation of this type of motor, possibly due to harmonics
  • the existence of the motor is unstable and the stability of the motor is enhanced. It is made possible to perform frequency conversion debugging of the above-described motor having two stator windings in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the input contactor, the rectifying unit, the stabilizing capacitor, and the inverting unit absorb energy from the low-voltage grid to supply energy to the control winding of the motor, and the power winding of the motor absorbs energy from the high-voltage grid through the first contactor.
  • an example working process of the variable frequency speed regulating device includes: after the input contactor is closed, the low voltage grid voltage is rectified by the rectifying unit to convert the alternating current into direct current; the direct current is stabilized by the stabilizing capacitor to obtain a stable direct current voltage.
  • the inverter unit outputs DC power when the motor is not running yet; after the start signal is obtained on the operation panel, the controller outputs a control signal to close the first contactor, and then the voltage of the high voltage grid is directly added to the power of the motor. On the winding, the motor starts to run; then, according to the speed reference signal on the operation panel, the output voltage of the inverter unit is changed by the controller, thereby realizing the speed regulation of the motor.
  • the encoder of the invention is mounted on the shaft of the brushless doubly-fed motor, directly connected to the motor shaft, and the output signal is sent to the controller to detect the rotation speed of the motor.
  • the first current detecting unit and the second current detecting unit can detect the three-phase current of the control winding and the power winding through the current Hall sensor, respectively, and the output signal is sent to the controller.
  • the inverter unit of the present invention inverts the direct current outputted by the rectifying unit into a three-phase alternating current to supply the control winding of the brushless doubly-fed motor, and the output three-phase alternating current voltage may be a sine wave or a superposition of several sine waves.
  • the amplitude and frequency of several frequency voltages can be varied according to the controller's control command signal.
  • the frequency conversion speed regulating device of the embodiment of the invention controls the fundamental wave component and the harmonic component of the power winding and the control winding current according to the detected three-phase current of the power winding and the control winding, respectively, and can control the inverter The waveform, amplitude and frequency of the output voltage of the unit, so as to achieve stable operation of the brushless doubly-fed motor under different loads and speeds.
  • the method for controlling the frequency conversion by the controller in the variable frequency speed regulating device of the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S210 separating the detected current of the control winding and the current of the power winding into corresponding fundamental components and harmonic components, respectively;
  • Step S220 respectively control the fundamental component and the harmonic component corresponding to the current of the control winding and the fundamental component and the harmonic component corresponding to the current of the power winding;
  • Step S230 synthesizing the control outputs of the fundamental components and the harmonic components to obtain an output control voltage.
  • the above control may be a closed loop control, such as closed loop control implemented using a proportional integral regulator.
  • a proportional integral regulator such as a proportional integral regulator
  • control algorithms such as proportional integral differentiation, etc.
  • the above control can be implemented using a control device that implements a corresponding control algorithm.
  • the detected three-phase current can be divided into corresponding fundamental wave components and harmonic components by the following steps:
  • the detected three-phase current is subtracted from its fundamental component to obtain a harmonic component of the detected three-phase current.
  • the fundamental component and the harmonic component corresponding to the three-phase current of the control winding and the fundamental component and the harmonic component corresponding to the three-phase current of the power winding respectively Controls include:
  • the transform angle performs a DQ coordinate transformation on a harmonic component of the detected current of the first stator winding and a harmonic component of the current of the second stator winding detected according to the coordinate transformation angle, wherein the first stator winding is magnetic a phase angle of the momentum, the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the second stator winding, An angle between a phase angle of a magnetomotive force of the motor and a phase angle of a magnetomotive force of the first stator winding, where 2 is a phase angle of a magnetomotive force phase angle of the motor and a magnetomotive force of the second stator winding
  • the angle of the magnetomotive force of the stator winding is a phase angle corresponding to the phase a current of the stator winding;
  • the respective D-axis components and Q-axis components output after the DQ coordinate transformation are respectively controlled.
  • the frequency conversion control method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • Each phase of the voltage output after the DQ inverse transform of each fundamental component and the harmonic component is separately added to obtain a corresponding phase of the output control voltage.
  • the detected control winding current is separated into a fundamental component and a harmonic component, respectively, for coordinate transformation, respectively, and the transformed result is compared with a given one, and then adjusted by proportional integral (PI), and then inversely transformed, and the output results are added. This is the output of the controller.
  • PI proportional integral
  • the control winding current is first separated into a fundamental component and a harmonic component, and the detected, c is separated into a fundamental component, a ⁇ lc and a harmonic component ⁇ , , .
  • the detected ⁇ respectively, take the absolute value, the three values are summed, and then the average is recursively averaged.
  • the average value is divided by 3, which is the average value of each phase current, and the average value is multiplied by 1.1*1.414. Is the amplitude.
  • the fundamental components of the three-phase current ⁇ , , ⁇ are obtained, using the detected current ⁇ , , ⁇ Subtracting ⁇ , , and respectively, the three-phase harmonic components are obtained. , , ⁇ .
  • the same method is then used to separate the detected power winding current into a fundamental component ⁇ 1 . , , and harmonic components, , .
  • a coordinate transformation angle for performing DQ coordinate transformation for each fundamental wave component and harmonic component is determined.
  • the coordinate transformation angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the fundamental component of the power winding is the magnetomotive force of the power winding
  • the phase angle, the coordinate transformation angle i 0 c of the fundamental component of the control winding is the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the control winding
  • the coordinate transformation angle ⁇ of the harmonic component of the power winding is the motor rotor magnetomotive phase angle and the power
  • the angle of the phase angle of the winding magnetomotive force, the coordinate transformation angle 2 of the harmonic component of the control winding is the angle between the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the motor and the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the control winding.
  • vector control can be performed.
  • the fundamental wave component of the control winding current is controlled by angle, and coordinate transformation is performed to transform into the DQ axis to obtain ⁇ , and the two values are respectively compared with the given value, and then the output is inverted by the ⁇ adjuster, and then the output is obtained.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ the same reason, to control the winding current harmonic component ⁇ , , and the same operation with angle 2 to obtain ⁇ .
  • angle ⁇ to the fundamental component of the power winding current do the same operation, get, v , angle to the power winding current harmonic component ⁇ .
  • a phase output voltage is . , v .
  • V The sum of V.
  • a PI regulator is used for closed loop control.
  • i, f dd, i c2 q, ⁇ c id, z , i P LD , i P 2 ⁇ , i are respectively the D-axis component and the Q-axis component corresponding to each fundamental component and the harmonic component. Constant current.
  • the given values of the fundamental component and the harmonic component can be set in advance.
  • the 3/2 transformation represents the three-phase to two-phase DQ transformation of the motor coordinates;
  • the 2/3 transformation represents the two-phase to three-phase DQ inverse transformation of the motor coordinates.
  • FIG. 6 shows a controller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 160 includes: a current separating module 610, configured to: use a three-phase current of the first stator winding detected by the first current detecting unit and three third stator windings detected by the second current detecting unit The phase currents are respectively separated into corresponding fundamental components and harmonic components; the control module 620 is configured to, according to a given value, a fundamental component and a harmonic component corresponding to the detected three-phase current of the first stator winding and the The fundamental wave component and the harmonic component of the detected three-phase current of the second stator winding are respectively controlled; a synthesizing module 630 is configured to synthesize the control outputs of the fundamental component and the harmonic component to obtain the inverter The control signal output by the unit.
  • a current separating module 610 configured to: use a three-phase current of the first stator winding detected by the first current detecting unit and three third stator windings detected by the second current detecting unit The phase
  • control module is a closed loop control module for performing closed loop control.
  • current separation module includes: An amplitude determining module, configured to determine a magnitude of a fundamental component corresponding to the detected three-phase current, wherein the detected current is a detected three-phase current of the first stator winding or the detected second stator winding Three-phase current
  • a fundamental wave determining module configured to multiply the determined amplitudes of the fundamental components by Sin ⁇ , Sin ( ⁇ -120°), Sin ( ⁇ +120 0 ), respectively, to obtain a fundamental component of the detected current, wherein ⁇ is the number of phase angles of the fundamental wave of the a-phase current among the detected three-phase currents;
  • a harmonic determining module is configured to subtract the fundamental component of the detected three-phase current to obtain a harmonic component of the detected three-phase current.
  • the control module includes: a coordinate transformation module, configured to perform DQ coordinate transformation on the fundamental component of the detected current of the first stator winding according to the coordinate transformation angle, according to the coordinate Transforming angle ⁇ performs DQ coordinate transformation on the fundamental component of the detected current of the second stator winding, and according to the coordinate transformation angle ⁇ ⁇ the harmonic component of the detected current of the first stator winding and according to the coordinate transformation angle 2
  • the detected harmonic component of the current of the second stator winding is subjected to DQ coordinate transformation, wherein is the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the first stator winding, and the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the second stator winding is The angle between the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the motor and the phase angle of the magnetomotive force of the first stator winding, wherein the phase of the magnetomotive force phase of the motor and the magnetomotive force of the second stator winding The angle of the angle; the DQ control module is configured to perform DQ coordinate transformation on
  • the controller of this embodiment further includes: an inverse coordinate transformation module, configured to perform DQ inverse transformation on the D-axis component and the Q-axis component of the control output for each fundamental component and the harmonic component;
  • the synthesizing module is further configured to add each phase of the control signal output after the fundamental component and the harmonic component are inversely transformed by DQ, respectively, to obtain a corresponding phase of the control signal outputted to the inverter unit.
  • control signal output by the controller of this embodiment to the inverter unit is a control voltage.
  • control module is a proportional integral adjustment module.
  • PID Proportional Integral Derivative

Abstract

一种电机变频调速系统,包括电机和变频调速装置。该电机包括第一定子绕组、第二定子绕组和转子绕组。第一定子绕组具有第一绕组极对数G,用于与高压交流电源相连接;第二定子绕组具有第二绕组极对数D。该变频装置包括整流单元(110)、逆变单元(130)、第一电流检测单元(140)、第二电流检测单元(150)和控制器(160)。整流单元(110)的输入端与低压交流电源相连接;逆变单元(130)的输入端与整流单元(110)的输出端相连接,其输出端与第二定子绕组相连接;第一电流检测单元(140)用于对第一定子绕组的三相电流进行检测;第二电流检测单元(150)用于对第二定子绕组的三相电流进行检测;控制器(160)的输入端与第一电流检测单元(140)和第二电流检测单元(150)相连接,其输出端与逆变单元(130)的输入端相连接。该系统能够用低压小功率变频调速装置来控制高压大功率电机。

Description

一种电机变频调速系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术, 特别是涉及一种电机变频调速系统。 背景技术
目前, 高压电机的变频调速, 通常使用高压变频器来控制高压电 动机。为了整个调速系统的安全可靠性, 通常所使用的高压变频器的 容量要大于高压电机的额定容量。 这样就导致了高压变频器成本高, 体积大, 控制系统复杂, 操作维护困难, 这严重地阻碍了它的推广应 用。 发明内容
考虑到上述问题,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种电机变频调速 系统, 其能够用低压小功率变频调速装置来控制高压大功率电机。
本发明实施例提供一种电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 包括: 电机, 包括:
第一定子绕组, 具有第一绕组极对数 G, 用于与高压交流电 源相连接;
第二定子绕组, 具有第二绕组极对数 D;
转子绕组;
变频调速装置, 包括:
整流单元, 其输入端与低压交流电源相连接;
逆变单元,其输入端中的至少一个与整流单元的输出端相连 接, 其输出端与所述第二定子绕组相连接;
第一电流检测单元,用于对所述第一定子绕组的三相电流进 行检测; 第二电流检测单元,用于对所述第二定子绕组的三相电流进 行检测;
控制器, 其输入端中的一个与所述第一电流检测单元相连接, 其 输入端中的另一个与所述第二电流检测单元相连接,其输出端中的一 个与所述逆变单元的输入端中的至少另一个相连接, 用于根据给定 值,对所检测的所述第一定子绕组的三相电流和所述第二定子绕组的 三相电流各自所分离成的基波分量和谐波分量分别进行控制,以获得 向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号。
利用本发明实施例的电机变频调速系统,电机的第一定子绕组可 直接由高压交流电源如高压电网供电,而第二定子绕组可以由变频调 速装置来供电,这样能够用低压小功率的变频调速装置来控制高压大 功率电机, 节约了能源, 同时系统的整体效率要大大高于传统的变频 器及其电机系统。 附图说明
本发明的其它特征、特点、优点和益处将通过以下结合附图的详 细描述变得更加显而易见。 其中:
图 1示出了根据本发明一实施例的电机变频调速系统; 图 2示出了根据本发明一实施例的变频控制方法的流程示意图; 图 3 示出了在根据本发明实施例的变频控制方法的一个具体实 例中, 控制绕组三相电流的分离示意图;
图 4 示出了在根据本发明实施例的变频控制方法的一个具体实 例中, 功率绕组三相电流的分离示意图;
图 5 示出了在根据本发明实施例的变频控制方法的一个具体实 例中, 矢量控制的示意图;
图 6示出了根据本发明一实施例的控制器。 具体实施方式
下面, 将结合附图来详细描述本发明的各个实施例。 图 1示出了根据本发明一实施例的电机变频调速系统。如图 1所 示,该实施例的电机变频调速系统包括: 电机和变频调速装置。其中, 该实施例的调速系统中, 电机包括第一定子绕组和第二定子绕组, 其 中第一定子绕组 (即功率绕组或高压绕组) 具有第一绕组极对数 G, 用于接高压交流电源如高压电网, 其中第二定子绕组(即控制绕组或 低压绕组)具有第二绕组极对数 D, 用于接低压变频调速装置。 电机 还包括转子, 其转子绕组采用多相绕线型绕组。在一个示例中, 转子 绕组的相数 m满足如下关系式:
m= (G+D) /mk
式中, 当 G+D为奇数时, mk=l, 当 G+D为偶数时, mk=2。 根据交流电机中关于绕组 "齿谐波"磁动势方面的理论, 对于上 述电机, 在高压绕组上接入高压工频交流电源, 低压绕组接入变频电 源时, 转子绕组能同时产生 G和 D两种极对数旋转磁动势, 高压绕 组磁动势转速为:
n=60xfg/G, 其中, fg为高压交流工频;
低压绕组的磁动势转速为:
n=60xfd/D, 其中 fd为变频电源的基波频率;
且这两种磁动势的旋转方向相反, 在两种旋转磁动势作用下, 转 子转速为:
n=60x (fg±fd) /(G+D),
从而, 通过对低压绕组的变频控制能实现对电机的变频调速。 示例性地, 上述电机为无刷双馈电机。
该实施例中, 与电机相连接、对电机进行变频调速的变频调速装 置包括: 整流单元 110, 其输入端通过输入接触器 120与低压交流电 源如低压电网相连接; 逆变单元 130, 包括多个输入端, 其输入端中 的至少一个与整流单元的输出端相连接, 其输出端与第二定子绕组
(控制绕组) 相连接, 其接收整流单元输出的直流电源以及控制器 160输出的控制信号; 第一电流检测单元 140, 用于对第一定子绕组
(功率绕组)的三相电流进行检测, 其输入端与第一定子绕组即功率 绕组相连接, 如图 1所示, 在实现上可以接在电网和电机的第一定子 绕组即功率绕组之间, 其输出端与控制器 160相连接; 第二电流检测 单元 150, 用于对第二定子绕组的三相电流进行检测, 其输入端与第 二定子绕组相连接, 如图 1所示, 在实现上可以接在逆变单元和电机 的第二定子绕组即控制绕组之间, 其输出端与控制器 160相连接; 控 制器 160, 具有多个输入端和多个输出端, 其输入端中的一个与所述 第一电流检测单元相连接,用于接收第一电流检测单元输出的所检测 的第一定子绕组的三相电流,其输入端中的另一个与所述第二电流检 测单元相连接,用于接收第二电流检测单元输出的所检测的第二定子 绕组的三相电流,控制器 160的输出端中的一个与所述逆变单元的输 入端中的至少另一个相连接, 以将变频控制信号输入逆变单元, 用以 对电机进行变频调速; 第一接触器 170, 其多个输入端中的不同输入 端分别与高压交流电源和所述控制器的输出端中的另一个相连接,其 输出端与所述第一定子绕组相连接,用于根据控制器输出的信号对功 率绕组的通断电进行控制。
如图 1, 该实施例的电机变频调速系统还可以包括: 编码器 180, 与所述无刷双馈电机的轴直接相连,用于向控制器输出与所述无刷双 馈电机的转子的位置相关的信息。利用编码器输出的信息可以确定转 子的转速, 以及转子磁动势相角。 具体地, 编码器可以安装在电机的 轴上。
如图 1, 示例性地, 该实施例的电机变频调速系统还可以包括: 控制面板 190, 该控制面板 190与控制器 160相连接, 用于接收操作 指令并显示当前状态。示例性地, 操作员可以通过控制面板向控制器 输入相应的控制信号, 如输入相应的给定信号。
如图 1, 示例性地, 该实施例的电机变频调速系统还包括: 稳压 电容 181, 其并联在整流单元的输出端, 用于对整流单元的输出电压 进行稳压。
针对上述具有两个定子绕组的电机如无刷双馈电机, 根据绕组 "齿谐波"磁动势方面的理论, 本发明的发明人在实现本发明的过程 中发现绕组的谐波使得电机在运行时存在不稳定的缺陷,本发明的实 施例的系统中,控制器 160通过在接收到所检测的第一定子绕组的三 相电流和第二定子绕组的三相电流后, 根据给定值, 对所检测的第一 定子绕组的三相电流和第二定子绕组的三相电流各自所分离成的基 波分量和谐波分量分别进行控制来获得向所述逆变单元输出的控制 信号可以克服在这种类型的电机在运行的过程中, 由于功率绕组、控 制绕组和转子绕组磁场的相互作用,可能存在由于谐波的存在导致的 电机运行不稳定的缺陷, 增强了电机运行的稳定性。使得对本发明的 实施例中的具有两个定子绕组的上述电机进行变频调试成为可能。
该实施例中, 输入接触器、 整流单元、 稳压电容、 逆变单元从低 压电网吸收能量, 为电机的控制绕组提供能量, 电机的功率绕组通过 第一接触器从高压电网吸收能量。
该实施例中, 变频调速装置的一个示例工作过程包括: 输入接触 器闭合之后, 低压电网电压通过整流单元整流, 将交流电转化为直流 电; 直流电经过稳压电容稳压后, 得到稳定的直流电压; 逆变单元在 电机还没有运行起来的情况下, 输出直流电; 在操作面板上得到起动 信号后, 控制器输出控制信号使第一接触器闭合, 则此时高压电网电 压直接加在电机的功率绕组上, 电机开始运行; 然后, 根据操作面板 上的转速给定信号, 通过控制器改变逆变单元的输出电压, 从而实现 电机的调速。
本发明编码器安装在无刷双馈电机轴上, 与电机轴直连, 其输出 信号送入控制器, 可以检测电机的转速。第一电流检测单元和第二电 流检测单元可以分别通过电流霍尔传感器来检测控制绕组和功率绕 组的三相电流, 其输出信号送入控制器。
本发明所述逆变单元把整流单元输出的直流电逆变为三相交流 电供给无刷双馈电机控制绕组,输出的三相交流电压,可以是正弦波, 也可以是几个正弦波的叠加, 几个频率电压的幅值、频率可以根据控 制器的控制指令信号变化。
本发明实施例的变频调速装置利用其控制器根据所检测的功率 绕组和控制绕组的三相电流,对功率绕组和控制绕组电流的基波分量 和谐波分量分别进行控制, 可以控制逆变单元的输出电压的波形、幅 值、 频率, 从而实现无刷双馈电机在不同负载和转速下的稳定运行。 如图 2, 本发明实施例的变频调速装置中的控制器进行变频控制 的方法包括如下步骤:
步骤 S210, 将所检测的控制绕组的电流和功率绕组的电流分别 分离成对应的基波分量和谐波分量;
步骤 S220, 根据给定值, 分别对控制绕组的电流对应的基波分 量和谐波分量以及功率绕组的电流对应的基波分量和谐波分量进行 控制;
步骤 S230, 将各基波分量和谐波分量的控制输出进行合成, 获 得输出控制电压。
在具体实现中, 上述控制可以是闭环控制, 如利用比例积分调节 器实现的闭环控制。本领域的技术人员应当明白, 还可以使用其它的 控制算法, 如比例积分微分等。 示例性地, 可以使用实现相应控制算 法的控制器件来实现上述控制。
具体地, 本发明实施例的变频控制方法, 可以通过如下步骤来将 所检测的三相电流分成对应的基波分量和谐波分量:
确定所检测的三相电流对应的基波分量的幅值;
将所述基波分量的幅值分别乘以 Sin Θ、 Sin ( Θ—120°)、 Sin ( θ +120°) , 得到所检测的三相电流的基波分量, 其中 Θ为 a相三相电流 基波的相角的度数;
将所检测的三相电流减去其基波分量,得到所检测的三相电流的 谐波分量。
具体地, 本发明实施例的变频控制方法中, 分别对所述控制绕组 的三相电流对应的基波分量和谐波分量以及所述功率绕组的三相电 流对应的基波分量和谐波分量进行控制包括:
根据坐标变换角 ^对所检测的第一定子绕组的电流的基波分量 进行 DQ坐标变换,根据坐标变换角 对所检测的第二定子绕组的电 流的基波分量进行 DQ坐标变换,根据坐标变换角 对所检测的第一 定子绕组的电流的谐波分量和根据坐标变换角 所检测的第二定子 绕组的电流的谐波分量进行 DQ坐标变换, 其中 为所述第一定子绕 组磁动势的相角,所述 为所述第二定子绕组磁动势的相角,所述 为电机转子磁动势相角和所述第一定子绕组磁动势的相角的夹角,所 述 2为电机转子磁动势相角和所述第二定子绕组磁动势的相角的夹 角; 其中, 上述定子绕组磁动势的相角为对应定子绕组的 a相电流的 相角;转子磁动势相角可以根据编码器输出的与转子位置相关的信息 来确定;
根据各基波分量和谐波分量对应的给定值,分别对进行 DQ坐标 变换后输出的各 D轴分量和 Q轴分量进行控制。
具体地, 本发明实施例的变频控制方法, 还包括:
针对各基波分量和谐波分量, 对控制后输出的 Q轴分量和 D轴 分量进行 DQ反变换; 以及
将各基波分量和谐波分量进行 DQ 反变换后输出的电压的每一 相分别相加, 获得输出控制电压的对应相。
下面结合图 3-图 5对本发明实施例的变频控制方法的一个具体 实例进行说明。
将检测到的控制绕组电流分离成基波分量和谐波分量,分别作坐 标变换, 将变换所得分别与给定比较, 通过比例积分 (PI) 调节后, 再反变换输出, 输出结果相加, 即为控制器的输出。
控制绕组电流首先要分离成基波分量和谐波分量, 将检测到的 、 、 c分离成基波分量 、 、 ^lc禾口谐波分量 Ω、 、 。 将检测到的 ^、 分别取绝对值, 三个值求和, 然后递推平均求 平均值, 该平均值除以 3, 即为每一相电流的平均值, 平均值乘以 1.1*1.414即为幅值。 使用该幅值分别乘以 Sin Θ、 Sin ( Θ -120°), Sin ( θ +120 °), 就得到了三相电流的基波分量 ^、 、 ^, 用检测到 的电流 ^、 、 ^分别减去 ^、 、 , 就得到了三相谐波分量 。、 、 ^。 然后使用同样的方法将检测到的功率绕组电流 、 分离成基波分量 ^1。、 、 和谐波分量 、 、 。在确定基波 分量的幅值时,也可以不使用递推平均而只是使用其它的平均算法如 常规的平均算法。
确定各基波分量和谐波分量进行 DQ坐标变换用的坐标变换角。 其中功率绕组的基波分量的坐标变换角 ί θρ 为功率绕组磁动势的 相角, 控制绕组的基波分量的坐标变换角 i 0c )为控制绕组磁动势 的相角,功率绕组的谐波分量的坐标变换角 Θ 为电机转子磁动势相角 和所述功率绕组磁动势的相角的夹角,控制绕组的谐波分量的坐标变 换角 2为电机转子磁动势相角和控制绕组磁动势的相角的夹角。
在将控制绕组和功率绕组电流的基波分量和谐波分量分离之后, 并求取了坐标变换所需的角度, 就可以进行矢量控制。 以角度 对控 制绕组电流基波分量 ^、 、 做坐标变换,变换到 DQ轴,得到^、 , 将这两个值分别与给定值作差, 通过 ΡΙ调节器后, 再反变换输 出,得到^、 ν^、 同理, 以角度 2对控制绕组电流谐波分量 ^、 、 做相同操作, 得到 ν 。、 以角度 ^对功率绕组电流 基波分量 、 、 做相同操作, 得到 、 v 、 以角度 对 功率绕组电流谐波分量^。、 、 做相同操作,得到^2。、 vv^。 则驱动控制器 a相输出电压 为 。、 v 。、 vv 之和; b相输出 电压 为 vel6、 vc2b ^ vplb ^ 之和; c相输出电压 为 7vv
V 之和。 该例中, 使用 PI调节器来进行闭环控制。
图 5中, i 、 f dd、 i c2q、 ι cid、 z 、 i PL D、 i P2^、 i 分别是 各基波分量和谐波分量对应的 D轴分量和 Q轴分量的给定电流。 基 波分量和谐波分量的给定值可以预先设定。
图 5中, 3/2变换代表电机坐标的三相到两相的 DQ变换; 2/3变 换代表电机坐标的两相到三相的 DQ反变换。
图 6示出了本发明一实施例的控制器。该控制器 160包括: 电流 分离模块 610, 用于将所述第一电流检测单元所检测的第一定子绕组 的三相电流和所述第二电流检测单元所检测的第二定子绕组的三相 电流分别分离成对应的基波分量和谐波分量; 控制模块 620, 用于根 据给定值,对所检测的第一定子绕组的三相电流对应的基波分量和谐 波分量以及所检测的第二定子绕组的三相电流的基波分量和谐波分 量分别进行控制; 合成模块 630, 用于将各基波分量和谐波分量的控 制输出进行合成, 以获得向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号。
较佳的, 上述控制模块为闭环控制模块, 用于进行闭环控制。 进一步地, 该实施例的控制器中, 所述电流分离模块包括: 幅值确定模块,用于确定所检测的三相电流对应的基波分量的幅 值, 其中, 所检测的电流为所检测的第一定子绕组的三相电流或所检 测的第二定子绕组的三相电流;
基波确定模块,用于将所确定的基波分量的幅值分别乘以 Sin Θ、 Sin ( Θ—120°)、 Sin ( Θ +1200 ) , 得到所检测的电流的基波分量, 其 中 Θ为所检测的三相电流中的 a相电流的基波的相角度数;
谐波确定模块, 用于将所检测的三相电流减去其基波分量, 得到 所检测的三相电流的谐波分量。
进一步地, 该实施例的控制器中, 所述控制模块包括: 坐标变换 模块, 用于根据坐标变换角 ^对所检测的第一定子绕组的电流的基波 分量进行 DQ坐标变换,根据坐标变换角 ^对所检测的第二定子绕组 的电流的基波分量进行 DQ坐标变换,根据坐标变换角 ΘΛ对所检测的 第一定子绕组的电流的谐波分量和根据坐标变换角 2所检测的第二 定子绕组的电流的谐波分量进行 DQ坐标变换, 其中 为所述第一定 子绕组磁动势的相角, 所述 ^为所述第二定子绕组磁动势的相角, 所 述 为电机转子磁动势相角和所述第一定子绕组磁动势的相角的夹 角, 所述 为电机转子磁动势相角和所述第二定子绕组磁动势的相 角的夹角; DQ控制模块, 用于根据各基波分量和谐波分量对应的给 定值, 分别对进行 DQ坐标变换后输出的各 D轴分量和 Q轴分量进 行控制。
进一步地, 该实施例的控制器中, 还包括: 坐标反变换模块, 用 于针对各基波分量和谐波分量, 对控制后输出的 D轴分量和 Q轴分 量进行 DQ反变换;所述合成模块进一步用于将各基波分量和谐波分 量进行 DQ反变换后输出的控制信号的每一相分别相加,获得向所述 逆变单元输出的控制信号对应相。
进一步地,该实施例的控制器向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号为 控制电压。
进一步地, 该实施例的控制器中, 所述控制模块为比例积分调节 模块。 当然, 其还可以是其它的控制模块, 如比例积分微分 (PID ) 等模块。 本领域技术人员应当理解, 控制器 160可以利用软件、硬件或者 软硬件结合的方式来实现。
本领域技术人员应当理解,上面所描述的各个实施例可以在不偏 发明实质的情况下做出各种改变和变形,并且这些改变和变形都应该 落入在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围应当由所附的权利 要求书来限定。

Claims

1、 一种电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
电机, 包括:
第一定子绕组, 具有第一绕组极对数 G, 用于与高压交流电源相 连接;
第二定子绕组, 具有第二绕组极对数 D;
转子绕组;
变频调速装置, 包括:
整流单元, 其输入端与低压交流电源相连接;
逆变单元, 其输入端中的至少一个与整流单元的输出端相连接, 其输出端与所述第二定子绕组相连接;
第一电流检测单元, 用于对所述第一定子绕组的三相电流进行检 第二电流检测单元, 用于对所述第二定子绕组的三相电流进行检 控制器, 其输入端中的一个与所述第一电流检测单元相连接, 其 输入端中的另一个与所述第二电流检测单元相连接, 其输出端中的一 个与所述逆变单元的输入端中的至少另一个相连接, 用于根据给定 值, 对所检测的所述第一定子绕组的三相电流和所述第二定子绕组的 三相电流各自所分离成的基波分量和谐波分量分别进行控制, 以获得 向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 所述转子 绕组为多相绕线型, 相数为 m, 其中, m= (G+D) /mk, 其中, 当 G+D 为 奇数时, mk=l ; 当 G+D 为偶数时, mk=2。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 还包括: 编码器, 与所述无刷双馈电机的轴直接相连, 用于向控制器输出与所 述无刷双馈电机的转子的位置相关的信息。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 还包括: 第一接触器, 其输入端与高压交流电源和所述控制器的输出端中的另 一个相连接, 其输出端与所述第一定子绕组相连接。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制 器包括:
电流分离模块, 用于将所述第一电流检测单元所检测的第一定子绕组 的三相电流和所述第二电流检测单元所检测的第二定子绕组的三相电流分 别分离成对应的基波分量和谐波分量;
控制模块, 用于根据给定值,对所检测的第一定子绕组的三相电流对应 的基波分量和谐波分量以及所检测的第二定子绕组的三相电流的基波分量 和谐波分量分别进行控制;
合成模块, 用于将各基波分量和谐波分量的控制输出进行合成, 以获 得向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 所述电流 分离模块包括:
幅值确定模块, 用于确定所检测的三相电流对应的基波分量的幅值, 其中, 所检测的电流为所检测的第一定子绕组的三相电流或所检测的第二 定子绕组的三相电流;
基波确定模块, 用于将所确定的基波分量的幅值分别乘以 Sin 9 、 Sin ( Θ -120° )、 Sin ( Θ +120 0), 得到所检测的电流的基波分量, 其中 Θ为所 检测的三相电流中的 a相电流的基波的相角度数;
谐波确定模块, 用于将所检测的三相电流减去其基波分量, 得到所检 测的三相电流的谐波分量。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制 模块包括:
坐标变换模块,用于根据坐标变换角 A对所检测的第一定子绕组的电流 的基波分量进行 DQ坐标变换,根据坐标变换角 对所检测的笛一 罕 日 的电流的基波分量进行 DQ坐标变换, 根据坐标变换角 对所检测的第一 定子绕组的电流的谐波分量和根据坐标变换角 所检测的第二定子绕组的 电流的谐波分量进行 DQ坐标变换,其中 为所述第一定子绕组磁动势的相 角, 所述 为所述第二定子绕组磁动势的相角, 所述 为电机转子磁动势 相角和所述第一定子绕组磁动势的相角的夹角, 所述 2为电机转子磁动势 相角和所述第二定子绕组磁动势的相角的夹角;
DQ控制模块, 用于根据各基波分量和谐波分量对应的给定值, 分别对 进行 DQ坐标变换后输出的各 D轴分量和 Q轴分量进行控制。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的电机变频调速系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制 器还包括:
坐标反变换模块,用于针对各基波分量和谐波分量,对控制后输出的 D 轴分量和 Q轴分量进行 DQ反变换;
所述合成模块进一步用于将各基波分量和谐波分量进行 DQ反变换后 输出的控制信号的每一相分别相加, 获得向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号 对应相。
9、根据权利要求 1-8中任一项所述的电机变频调速系统,其特征在于, 所述控制器向所述逆变单元输出的控制信号为控制电压。
10、根据权利要求 5-8中任一项所述的电机变频调速系统,其特征在于, 所述控制模块为比例积分调节模块。
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