WO2012176235A1 - 画像表示装置 - Google Patents
画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012176235A1 WO2012176235A1 PCT/JP2011/003557 JP2011003557W WO2012176235A1 WO 2012176235 A1 WO2012176235 A1 WO 2012176235A1 JP 2011003557 W JP2011003557 W JP 2011003557W WO 2012176235 A1 WO2012176235 A1 WO 2012176235A1
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- light
- free
- scanning
- image display
- display device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
- G02B26/101—Scanning systems with both horizontal and vertical deflecting means, e.g. raster or XY scanners
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0852—Catadioptric systems having a field corrector only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0096—Microscopes with photometer devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image display device.
- Patent Document 1 there is a problem that the movement locus of the scanning coordinates on the image plane is sinusoidal and has poor linearity. Further, according to Patent Document 2, there is a problem that the distance between the front and rear of the mirror needs to be increased, and the entire optical system is increased in size.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an image display device having scanning characteristics with excellent linearity without increasing the size of the device.
- the image display device includes: an optical scanning unit that scans light emitted from a light source in a first direction and a second direction of an image plane by reciprocating rotational movement of a reflection surface of the light; and An optical system that expands the scanning angle is provided.
- the optical system includes a free-form surface lens on the optical scanning unit side and a free-form surface mirror on the image surface side.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating lens data of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a mathematical expression and specific values of a free-form surface coefficient according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a distortion performance diagram of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a light incident angle and a phase on an image plane according to the first exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a light incident coordinate and a phase on an image plane according to the first exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a ray diagram of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is another ray diagram of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a detailed diagram of a free-form surface lens of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing lens data of Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating specific values of free-form surface coefficients according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a ray diagram of Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is another ray diagram of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a free-form surface lens of Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing lens data of Example 3.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating specific values of free-form surface coefficients according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a distortion performance diagram of Example 3.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram of Example 4.
- FIG. 7 is a ray diagram
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the principle of Example 4; The figure which shows the scanning on an image surface. The figure which used the semiconductor laser as a light source.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the principle of Example 4; The figure which shows the scanning on an image surface. The figure which shows the scanning on an image surface. The figure which shows the scanning on an image surface. The figure which shows the scanning on an image surface. The figure which shows an example of the light which has a light emission spectrum.
- FIG. 6 is a relationship diagram between a conventional rotation angle and a scanning position. The change figure of the swing angle by the conventional phase. The figure which shows the relationship between the incident angle of the light ray in the conventional image surface, and a phase. The figure which shows the incident coordinate of the light ray in the conventional image surface, and the relationship of a phase. The figure which shows the relationship between a display pixel and a horizontal scanning frequency.
- FIG. 59 is a system diagram including a conventional image display device.
- the optical scanning unit 1 of the image display device 10 ′ scans the laser beam from the light source 4 on the image plane (screen) 20 while reflecting the laser beam with a reflection mirror having a rotation axis.
- Each pixel 201 ' is scanned two-dimensionally along the scanning trajectory 202'.
- FIG. 60 is an enlarged view of the optical scanning unit.
- the optical scanning unit 1 is connected to a mirror 1a for deflecting laser light at a reflection angle, a first torsion spring 1b connected to the mirror 1a, a holding member 1c connected to the first torsion spring 1b, and a holding member 1c.
- a second torsion spring 1d, and a permanent magnet and a coil (not shown).
- the coil is formed substantially parallel to the mirror 1a, and when the mirror 1a is stationary, a magnetic field substantially parallel to the mirror 1a is generated.
- a Lorentz force substantially perpendicular to the mirror 1a is generated according to Fleming's left-hand rule.
- Mirror 1a rotates to a position where Lorentz force and restoring force of torsion springs 1b and 1d are balanced.
- the mirror 1a By supplying an alternating current to the coil at the resonance frequency of the mirror 1a, the mirror 1a performs a resonance operation and the torsion spring 1b rotates.
- the torsion spring 1b rotates.
- the torsion spring 1d rotates. In this way, resonant operations with different resonant frequencies are realized in the two directions.
- a sinusoidal drive may be applied although it is not the resonance operation.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram showing the relationship between the conventional rotation angle and the scanning position. If the rotation angle of the optical scanning unit 1 is ⁇ / 2, the scanning angle that is the angle of the reflected light beam is ⁇ . Here, when no optical element is disposed between the optical scanning unit 1 and the image plane 20, the scanning angle ⁇ is equal to the incident angle ⁇ on the image plane 20. Therefore, the size of the scanned image for a certain projection distance is determined by the rotation angle ⁇ / 2.
- FIG. 62 is a change diagram of the swing angle of the conventional mirror surface.
- the swing angle ⁇ changes sinusoidally within a range of ⁇ ⁇ / 2.
- FIG. 63 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle and phase of the light beam on the conventional image plane
- FIG. 64 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident coordinate and phase of the light beam on the conventional image surface. 63 has a sine wave shape similar to FIG.
- the optical scanning unit 1 with a rotation angle of ⁇ 5.3 degrees is used. That is, the scanning angle is ⁇ 10.6 degrees, and the incident angle on the image plane is also ⁇ 10.6 degrees.
- the driving method of the optical scanning unit 1 includes a galvano mirror that has a sawtooth wave-like rotation angle change in addition to a resonant mirror that has a sinusoidal wave-like rotation angle change.
- a resonance type mirror having a high driving frequency is suitable.
- scanning for one pixel in the vertical direction is performed in the horizontal direction while scanning for one reciprocation in the vertical direction is performed.
- scanning for one scanning line is performed.
- the display resolution number of pixels
- FIG. 65 is a diagram showing the relationship between display pixels and horizontal scanning frequency (number of horizontal scanning scans). In the case of HD support of horizontal 1920 pixels and vertical 1080 pixels, the frequency becomes 38.9 kHz, and further speedup is required.
- the optical scanning unit 1 rotates in a sinusoidal manner, the angle change of the mirror 1a appears periodically, although it is fast and slow.
- the change in the scan position on the image plane also becomes fast, and when the angle change is slow, the scan position on the image plane. Changes will also be slow. Therefore, light and dark corresponding to a sine wave is generated on the image plane.
- the circuit processing that thins out the laser beam in a bright portion with a dense pixel distribution and a sinusoidal wave shape can be improved if it is only bright and dark on the image plane, the linearity of the two-dimensional image cannot be improved, and the circuit scale increases. However, the amount of light decreases. If the laser beam is modulated in accordance with the timing of pixel arrangement on the image plane, the linearity can be improved, but the circuit scale increases more and more.
- a method using a plurality of reflecting surfaces can be considered in addition to the mirror, but if there is a shape error or decentration / falling of the optical component in manufacturing, the variation in the light beam angle at the mirror compared to the lens surface that is the transmission surface Is approximately doubled, making it difficult to manufacture an optical system using many mirrors. Furthermore, in an optical system using a plurality of mirrors, in order to secure an optical path before and after the reflection of laser light by the mirror, it is necessary to increase the distance before and after the mirror, and the entire optical system is increased in size.
- the light source is a laser
- the generated light is coherent light. Therefore, when reflected on a general image surface (rough surface), a random phase is added, and the reflected light becomes scattered light. Light scattered at different locations on the rough surface overlaps and interferes by spatial propagation, thereby generating speckles, which are random interference patterns, and lowering the image quality.
- the light source is a semiconductor laser having a small light emitting point
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram including an image display device.
- the direction from the left to the right of the paper surface is defined as the X direction
- the direction from the bottom to the top of the image surface 20 is defined as the Y direction
- the direction from the front to the back of the paper surface is defined as the Z direction.
- FIG. 34, FIG. 37, FIG. 59, and FIG. 61 also use the same coordinate system as FIG.
- a local coordinate system with the optical axis as the Z direction is handled.
- the system includes an image display device 10, a structure 30 that holds the image display device 10, and an image plane 20.
- the image display device 10 includes a light source 4, a light scanning unit 1 that deflects laser light from the light source 4 two-dimensionally, a free-form curved lens 2 that transmits and refracts the laser light deflected by the light scanning unit 1, and
- the free-form surface mirror 3 reflects the laser light from the free-form surface lens 2 and guides it to the image plane 20.
- the free-form surface mirror 3 includes a convex mirror.
- the optical scanning unit 1 may realize scanning in the long side direction and the short side direction with a single reflecting surface (mirror 1a), or may have each reflecting surface according to each direction. Good.
- a shape which is rotationally asymmetric and has parameters as shown in FIGS. 8, 19 and 25 is called a free-form surface.
- FIG. 2 is a view of the system of FIG. 1 as viewed from above.
- the side corresponding to the X direction in the image plane 20 is longer than the side corresponding to the Y direction, the former is called a long side and the latter is called a short side. Further, the larger direction of the deflection angle of the reflecting surface corresponds to the long side direction, and the small direction corresponds to the short side direction.
- the long side is substantially parallel to the first plane (XZ plane) defined by the incident ray and the reflected ray in the free-form surface mirror 3.
- a free-form surface mirror 3 is arranged. This is because the free-form surface mirror 3 is arranged obliquely with respect to the long-side light beam having a large scanning amount, so that the light beam scanned at a scan angle that is twice a predetermined rotation angle can be obtained. This is because the range of coordinates reflected by is increased, and the degree of freedom of shape of the free-form mirror 3 is increased.
- FIG. 3 is a ray diagram showing how the light rays emitted from the image display device 10 reach 5 ⁇ 5 division points on the image plane 20.
- FIG. 4 is another ray diagram, in which the laser beam emitted from the light source 4 is deflected by the rotation of the optical scanning unit 1 and then reaches the image plane 20 via the free-form surface lens 2 and the free-form surface mirror 3. Show. Further, FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the free-form surface lens 2, which is composed of a first free-form surface lens 2a and a second free-form surface lens 2b.
- the portion where the laser beam corresponding to the long side direction of the scanning screen of the second free-form surface lens 2b passes has a longer physical length than the portion where the laser beam corresponding to the short side direction passes. Furthermore, the portion of the free-form surface mirror 3 that reflects the laser beam corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the scanning screen has a stronger convex shape toward the scanning screen than the portion that reflects the laser beam corresponding to the short direction. In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the shape of the optical element is displayed in an easier-to-understand direction.
- FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional ray diagram.
- FIG. 3 since it is difficult to understand that the light beam reflected by the free-form surface mirror 3 does not irradiate the free-form surface lens 2 again, FIG. 6 shows that optical path interference does not occur.
- FIG. 7 shows a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) mirror (resonance rotation of horizontal ⁇ 5.3 degrees, vertical ⁇ 2.9 degrees), a free-form surface lens, and a free-form lens as light scanning unit 1 from light source 4 that is the 0th surface
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing lens data of a curved mirror
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing formulas and specific values of free-form surface coefficients of the free-form surface.
- FIG. 9 is a distortion performance diagram.
- light beams having a scanning angle of the optical scanning unit 1 having a rotation angle of ⁇ 5.3 degrees in the long side direction (main scanning direction) and a rotation angle of ⁇ 2.9 degrees in the short side direction (sub-scanning direction) are phased.
- the projection distance from the free-form surface mirror 3 shown in FIG. 7 is 100 mm and the scanning range is 600 ⁇ 450 mm on the image plane 20, it can be seen that widening is realized.
- the incident angle changes sinusoidally within a range of ⁇ 10.6 degrees, which is twice the value of 5.3 degrees, and the incident coordinates also change sinusoidally within a range of ⁇ 26.6 mm.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle of the light beam on the image plane and the phase
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident coordinate of the light beam on the image surface of Example 1 and the phase.
- the incident angle is largely changed by the action of the free-form surface lens 2 and the free-form surface mirror 3 to realize the triangular wave-like incident coordinates on the image plane 20 in a range of ⁇ 300 mm. That is, while the scanning range is ⁇ 26.6 mm in the conventional method, it is ⁇ 300 mm in the first embodiment, realizing a widening of a wide angle of 10 times or more.
- the projection distance is defined by the length of a perpendicular drawn from the reference position that defines the arrangement position of the free-form curved mirror on the lens data to the image plane.
- the value of L / X may be increased within a range not exceeding 1.
- FIG. 12 shows the range of light rays where the principal ray coordinates exist as a result of light ray control by the free-form surface lens 2 and the free-form surface mirror 3. Since the long side direction of the optical scanning unit 1 is larger than the short side direction, the principal ray range on the fourth surface, which is the incident surface of the first free-form surface lens 2a, is a horizontally long region.
- the 8th surface which is the free-form curved mirror 3 is a vertically long region
- the long side direction (the horizontal direction in FIG. 12) is not extremely narrowed on the 8th surface, and the 8th surface is vertically long. This is a result of increasing the size as a degree of freedom. The reason for this will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a ray diagram in a cross section in the long side direction, and is a diagram that shows a ray diagram of the entire optical system and an enlarged view of the free-form surface lens 2 together.
- the light beam L1 passing through the positive side of the X axis in FIG. 13 by the rotation of the optical scanning unit 1 is reflected by the free-form surface mirror 3 and reaches the coordinate P1 of the image plane 20.
- the light beam L2 passing through the negative side of the X axis is reflected by the free-form surface mirror 3 and reaches the coordinate P2 of the image plane 20.
- the optical path of the light beam L2 passing through the free-form surface lens 2b and the light beam L1 reflected by the free-form surface mirror 3 does not interfere with the free-form surface lens 2b.
- the optical path length of the light beam L1 from the reflection by the free-form surface mirror 3 to the image plane is larger than the optical path length of the light beam L2. Therefore, in order to improve the linearity, it is necessary for the free-form surface lens 2 and the free-form surface mirror 3 to make the optical path length of the light beam L1 shorter than the optical path length of the light beam L2.
- the lens thickness on the side through which the light beam L1 passes is increased. ”Is necessary.
- the lens material is dispersed (the refractive index varies depending on the wavelength of light). That is, the arrival distance on the image plane 20 differs for each wavelength of light, and chromatic aberration of magnification occurs.
- the optical path length in terms of air of the light beam L1 passing through the free-form surface lens 2 may be made smaller than the optical path length in terms of air of the light beam L2. Then, it was found by simulation that the ratio of the lens thickness on the side through which the light beam L1 passes and the lens thickness on the side through which the light beam L2 pass can be reduced to a magnification chromatic aberration of a practically no problem if the ratio is 3 times or less. If it is 2 times or less, better imaging performance can be obtained.
- the chromatic aberration can be sufficiently reduced by optimizing the shape of the free-form curved mirror 3 having a high degree of design freedom and optimizing the shape (power distribution) of the free-form curved lens 2.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram of the sag amount in each optical element in the short side direction.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the shape of the free-form surface lens and mirror in the short side direction.
- the first free-form surface lens 2a and the second free-form surface lens 2b in the short side direction are each a concave lens and have negative refractive power.
- the free-form surface mirror 3 has a positive refractive power because the central portion is concave, and has a negative refractive power because the peripheral portion is convex.
- the lens data of Example 1 has a plane-symmetric arrangement in the short side direction. By changing the plane-symmetric condition, that is, the arrangement relationship, the positive refractive power portion and the negative refraction are obtained. Since the force portion changes, it can be said that the free-form surface mirror 3 has a positive refractive power portion and a negative refractive power portion.
- Example 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 is a ray diagram of Example 2, FIG. 16 is another ray diagram of Example 2, FIG. 17 is a detailed diagram of a free-form surface lens of Example 2, and FIG. 18 is a diagram showing lens data of Example 2. 19 is a diagram showing specific values of the free-form surface coefficients of the second embodiment, and FIG. 20 is a distortion performance diagram of the second embodiment.
- Example 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 21 is a ray diagram of Example 3
- FIG. 22 is another ray diagram of Example 3
- FIG. 23 is a detailed diagram of a free-form surface lens of Example 3
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing lens data of Example 3.
- 25 is a diagram showing specific values of the free-form surface coefficients of the third embodiment
- FIG. 26 is a distortion performance diagram of the third embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that the image plane size is 16: 9 according to the original wide screen, and the rotation angle of the optical scanning unit 1 (horizontal ⁇ 5.3 degrees, vertical ⁇ 2.9 degrees resonant rotation). ) In a two-dimensional range of 800 ⁇ 450 mm.
- the linearity that is the distortion performance of FIG. 26 is improved from that of FIG. 9 that shows the linearity that is the distortion performance of the first embodiment, and was originally developed to scan the image plane of 16: 9. In the case of 1, it is better to scan the 16: 9 image plane as a combination. Needless to say, the scanning mirror developed at 16: 9 can also be applied to a 4: 3 image plane.
- 27 to 33 are ray diagrams.
- 27 to 29 show how the light beam emitted from the image display device 10 reaches a 5 ⁇ 5 division point on the image plane 20. Further, the image display device 10 is disposed on the upper side of the image plane 20 in the long side direction of the image plane 20.
- the effective scanning range in the vicinity of the image display device 10 is narrowed only in the X-axis direction from the range that can be effectively shaken (displayed by the one-dot chain line 30) so that the laser beam does not overlap with the image display device 10.
- the degree of freedom of installation of the image display device 10 increases, and even if the size of the image display device 10 increases, the set does not block the image in the actual use state, and the usability is improved.
- FIG. 27 shows the side of the figure shown above. Even if the image display device 10 is positioned above the scanning screen display range on the image plane 20 (displayed by the region X in the lower part of FIG. 27) (for example, desktop projection), the image display device 10 does not block the scanning screen display range. Note that the image display device 10 may be disposed below the image plane 20.
- the image display devices 10-1 and 10-2 are arranged at two different positions, respectively. Note that a plurality of units may be arranged at two or more different positions. In this way, high brightness can be achieved by overlapping the images on a plurality of image display devices 10 and displaying the same as the same image.
- the resolution can be improved by artificially shifting the scan image position of multiple image display devices 10 of the same resolution, or by interlacing the screen with image information for different fields by interlacing. Can be made. Further, a plurality of image display devices 10 may be arranged as shown in FIG.
- the laser beam of the image display device 10-1 is set to one polarized wave (for example, P wave), and the laser beam of the image display device 10-2 is set to the other polarized wave (for example, S wave), respectively.
- 3D images can also be realized by superimposing video images for use on a screen and using polarized glasses.
- a stereoscopic image can be realized by using special glasses having a function of switching images that enter the left and right eyes in a time-division manner by superimposing images for the right eye and images for the left eye on the screen.
- the image display device 10 is disposed below the image plane 20.
- the laser beam forming the image plane 20 is refracted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the image plane 20 by the optical path changing unit 61 having a function of refracting the light, and is emitted to the image viewing side.
- a Fresnel lens is used as the optical path changing unit 61.
- an eccentric Fresnel lens whose Fresnel center deviates from the image plane 20 is suitable.
- an eccentric linear Fresnel lens having a light reflecting surface on the lens surface is used as the optical path changing unit 61.
- the image display device 10 is arranged on the upper part of the image plane 20, and the optical path changing unit 61 shows an example of a Fresnel lens.
- the image display device 10 is disposed above the image plane 20, and the optical path changing unit 61 uses an eccentric linear Fresnel lens.
- the optical path changing unit 61 if a total reflection method is employed as the optical path changing unit 61, the reflection loss at the incident surface can be reduced, and an excellent image with little reflection loss can be obtained.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining the principle of this embodiment
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing scanning on the image plane
- FIG. 36 is a diagram using a semiconductor laser as a light source.
- the laser beam has a spot size 201 of a specific size, and as shown in FIG. 35, the laser beam 204 is scanned along the arrow 202 in the horizontal direction on the image plane 20 (first scan), and then Then, scanning (second scanning) is performed along the arrow 203 in the reverse direction. Therefore, unlike the interlace method, there is no blanking period and there is no loss in scanning time, so the resolution is not impaired.
- a semiconductor laser is composed of a clad layer 402 sandwiched between electrodes 401 and 404 and an active region 403 existing inside the clad layer 402, as shown in FIG.
- the shape is an ellipse having the direction perpendicular to the region 403 (Y-axis in the figure) as the long side direction. For this reason, the deterioration of the spot shape due to oblique incidence can be reduced by aligning the short side of the elliptical spot shape in the direction far from the image plane 20 with respect to the image display device 10 (long side direction in the drawing).
- the resolution performance is uniquely determined by the image plane size determined by the swing angle of the scanning mirror.
- the final surface of the optical system is constituted by a reflecting surface
- the laser beam scanned and deflected by the optical scanning unit 1 has an incident angle of 2 on the reflecting surface of the free-form surface mirror. Since the amount of deflection is doubled, the amount of deflection of the optical scanning unit 1 can be deflected more greatly.
- the normal angle of the free-form surface mirror surface corresponding to each of the free-form surface mirror surfaces is varied so that the reflection angle of the free-form surface mirror varies depending on the corresponding position of the image plane 20.
- the resolution is not determined only by the spot size of the laser beam and the swing angle of the scanning mirror.
- the laser light is incident at different positions on the image plane 20 at different incident angles.
- the incident angle of the scanning beam corresponding to the central portion of the image surface 20 to the free curved surface (convex surface) mirror 3 is the incident angle of the scanning beam corresponding to the peripheral portion of the image surface 20 to the free curved surface mirror.
- the incident angle of the scanning beam to the portion near the optical scanning unit 1 of the free-form curved mirror 3 is made smaller than the incident angle to the portion far from the optical scanning unit 1 of the free-form curved mirror. Yes.
- the spot size, brightness, or density of the laser beam is changed according to the scanning position alone or in combination.
- the image display device 10 includes a plurality of laser light sources (here, two types).
- the laser beams from the first light source unit 4a and the second light source unit 4b are synthesized by the color synthesis unit 5a, scanned and deflected by the rotation of the optical scanning unit 1, and then refracted by the free-form surface lens 2 and the free-form surface mirror 3. It is reflected and reaches the image plane 20.
- the color combining unit 5 is, for example, a polarization combining prism, and the laser light from the first light source unit 4a is P-polarized light, and the laser light from the second light source unit 4b is S-polarized light, thereby efficiently combining the laser light. it can.
- the brightness uniformity of the entire screen can be improved by changing the output of the laser light emitted from the first light source unit 4a and the second light source unit 4b in accordance with the position on the image plane 20.
- the light emission energy varies depending on the applied current.
- the current is continuously passed beyond the allowable value, the light emission efficiency is lowered and darkened, and the lifetime is shortened.
- a high-intensity laser without shortening the service life by inputting a current value exceeding the allowable value (about 2 to 3 times the normal value) in a pulse at a specific period (ms). Light output can be obtained.
- the energy of light reflected to the monitoring side differs depending on the difference in scanning speed and the incident angle of light with respect to the image plane.
- PWM control the uniformity of the brightness of the entire screen area can be improved.
- the spot diameter of the synthesized laser beam may be changed in synchronization with the laser beam output from each light source.
- the magnetic shield 10b it has a magnetic shield effect.
- an electromagnetic magnet (fixing device) 10c is provided in a part of the housing, an image display device that can be easily attached to and detached from a metallic board or wall surface can be realized.
- the first scanning is performed along the arrow 202 with a finer resolution in the direction perpendicular to the image plane
- the second scanning is performed along the arrows 203-1 and 203-2 in the reverse direction.
- laser light is not emitted (oscillated) in the regions indicated by the arrows 203-1 and 203-2 (shown by broken lines in the figure).
- the screen brightness on the left side of FIG. 38 can be relatively increased.
- laser light is scanned in the direction perpendicular to the image plane.
- the point that the deterioration of the spot shape due to the oblique incidence can be reduced by matching the short side of the elliptical spot shape in the direction far from the image plane 20 with respect to the image display device 10 is the same as described above.
- the left side of the image plane 20 is changed by changing the scan interval in the long side direction in the scan range of the area A and the scan range of the area B shown in FIG.
- the screen brightness can be increased relatively.
- FIGS. 37 to 40 it is possible to change the brightness of a part of the image plane 20 (for example, the right side and the upper and lower portions) and to incline the brightness change amount in the scanning range in the vertical direction of the image plane. This can be achieved by freely controlling the region where light is emitted (oscillated).
- Speckle is generated because the intensity of speckle pattern light is distributed by interference of scattered light when coherent light such as laser light is scattered on the diffusion surface.
- coherent light such as laser light
- it is effective to convert the laser light into light irregular in time and space. Specifically, the following four methods are effective.
- Random scattered light is obtained by changing the incident angle of a plurality of laser beams to enter the image plane.
- the obtained laser light is a mixture of P wave and S wave, so that speckle can be reduced.
- the laser light from the first light source unit 4a and the second light source unit 4b is converted into a blue light emitting laser (oscillation center wavelength 460 nm), a green light emitting laser (oscillation center wavelength 532 nm) having an emission spectrum shown in FIG. If a red light emitting laser (oscillation center wavelength 635 nm) is used and synthesized by the color synthesizing unit 5a, the color reproduction range shown in FIG. 42 and brightness can be obtained.
- FIG. 42 shows the color of the scanned image when the laser beam shown in FIG. 41 oscillates alone and outputs light, and the white color is displayed by combining the single color and the three colors.
- FIG. 43 shows the laser beam obtained by simulation calculation as an xy value on the chromaticity diagram.
- the laser light of the second laser light source unit 4b is a blue light emitting laser (oscillation center wavelength 450 nm), a green light emitting laser (oscillation center wavelength 515 nm), a red light emitting laser (oscillation center wavelength 645 nm) having the emission spectrum shown in FIG. ), It is possible to realize a wide color reproduction region as shown in FIG. 45 and reduce speckle.
- the color mixing ratio in the table is a relative representation of the intensity of the monochromatic laser light (simulated on the assumption that the emission color and energy intensity are shown in FIG. 44), The case where each color laser emits light with a single color and a relative intensity of 100% is described as 1, and the case where light is emitted with a relative intensity of 5% is described as 0.05.
- the result obtained by the color mixture is shown by the brightness (the brighter the numerical value is in the relative value display) and the coordinate values on the chromaticity diagram shown in FIG.
- the monochromatic laser obtained after the synthesis by the color synthesizing unit 5a by using monochromatic lasers having different wavelengths in the first light source unit 4a and the second light source unit 4b is compared with a case where laser beams having the same wavelength are synthesized. Speckle can be reduced more.
- each color laser beam is emitted individually for blue, green, and red (denoted chromaticity coordinate values shown in FIG. 42) determined by the NTSC broadcasting system, for example. It was possible to increase the brightness without narrowing the color reproduction range by combining the green and red lasers at a predetermined ratio when emitting blue laser light.
- the inventors obtained the color change when the brightness was improved by mixing a plurality of colors of lasers with the single color laser shown in FIG. 42, and a graph showing the McCadam color matching region shown in FIG. As a result of comparison, it was confirmed that each color was in the same color region and there was no practical problem.
- the inventors have found through experiments that the speckle of the laser beam can be reduced by controlling the surface roughness of the free-form surface mirror surface.
- the speckle of the laser beam can be reduced by controlling the surface roughness of the free-form surface mirror surface.
- it is realized by processing a mold according to a design shape, molding a plastic using the obtained mold, and providing a reflective film on the surface. For this reason, the surface roughness of the reflection surface of the mirror is transferred almost as it is on the surface of the mold, so speckle can be reduced by optimizing the surface roughness of the mold surface according to the position of the reflection surface. .
- FIG. 52 is a vertical section of the mold of the free-form mirror reflecting surface shown in FIG.
- the free-form surface mirror mold processing is performed by 5-axis control of the X axis, the Y axis, the Z axis, the C axis that is the rotation axis of the machining axis, and the B axis that is the rotation axis of the workpiece.
- a single crystal diamond cutting tool is attached to the C-axis, and the mold surface is scraped off by a processing method called fly-cut to obtain desired shape accuracy and surface roughness.
- the die processing of the free-form curved mirror is performed by reciprocating the cutting tool bite as shown in FIG.
- This processing trace is sufficiently smaller than the size of the laser beam spot 301.
- the scattering state of the reflected light on the mirror can be controlled. For this reason, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 48 in which the scanning direction of the laser beam and the machining direction of the mirror mold are matched, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 51 in which the scanning direction and the machining direction of the mirror mold are orthogonal, after molding, The obtained surface roughness pattern of the mirror surface is different, and the degree of laser light scattering is different, so that the speckle reduction effect is also different.
- the surface with different roughness is created intentionally by changing the machining conditions.
- a plurality of machining conditions are intentionally changed by reciprocation of the forward path (denoted by 303 in the figure) and the return path (denoted by 304 in the figure) and the forward path (denoted by 305 in the figure) as shown in FIG. Create surfaces with different roughness.
- by irregularly changing the processing conditions it is possible to obtain a more complicated surface roughness of the pattern, and speckle can be reduced.
- FIG. 55 shows a cutting surface obtained by the processing method shown in FIG. 54 (B).
- FIG. 56 shows the result of evaluating the surface roughness in the direction orthogonal to the processing direction in order to measure the roughness of the obtained processed surface.
- Ra maximum value is 3 nm
- average surface roughness is 4 nm, and sufficient surface roughness can be obtained even for the wavelength of light.
- FIG. 57 shows a cut surface by the processing method shown in FIG. 54 (A).
- FIG. 58 shows the result of evaluating the surface roughness in the direction orthogonal to the machining direction in order to measure the roughness of the obtained machined surface.
- the Ra maximum value was 5 nm
- the 10-point average surface roughness was 6 nm
- the surface roughness obtained with the processing method of FIG. 54 (B) was large.
- the scanning deflection angle obtained by turning the scanning mirror can be enlarged, so that the scanned image can be directly displayed on the desktop with the image display device placed on the desk.
- the free-form surface mirror is formed by arranging the optical axis and the optical scan unit connecting the light source and the optical scanning unit at an angle of 45 degrees or less, and arranging the free-form surface lens and the free-form surface mirror eccentric from the optical axis. Even if the distance between the image plane and the image plane is sufficiently short, the light reflected by the free-form surface mirror can be arranged so that it does not enter the free-form surface lens again, and the apparatus can be downsized.
- a plurality of light sources having wavelengths close to each other can be used in combination to reduce the coherency of the laser and suppress speckle.
- the surface of the free-form mirror can be made rough to have a partial scattering characteristic, so that the area of the light emission point can be increased in a pseudo manner, and the secondary light source can be used to increase the amount of light while satisfying safety standards. it can.
- SYMBOLS 1 Optical scanning part, 2 ... Free-form surface lens, 3 ... Free-form surface mirror, 4 ... Light source, 10 ... Image display apparatus, 20 ... Image surface, 30 ... Structure.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 光源から出射した光を、当該光の反射面の往復の回転運動により、像面の第1の方向及び第2の方向に走査する光走査部と、
走査された光の走査角度を拡大する光学系を備え、
前記光学系は、前記光走査部側に自由曲面レンズを有し、前記像面側に自由曲面ミラーを有する、画像表示装置。 - 前記第1の方向の長さは、前記第2の方向の長さよりも長く、
前記光走査部が走査範囲の中央で静止している場合の前記自由曲面ミラーにおける入射光線と反射光線で定義される第1の平面に対して、前記第1の方向が略平行となるように前記自由曲面ミラーが配置される、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。 - 前記光走査部は、2つの走査方向を有する1つの反射面を有する、請求項1又は2記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記光走査部は、1つの走査方向を有する1つの反射面を、それぞれ2つ有する、請求項1又は2記載の画像表示装置。
- 2つの走査方向における反射面の偏向角度のうちの大きい方向が、前記第1の方向に対応し、2つの走査方向における反射面の偏向角度のうちの小さい方向が、前記第2の方向に対応する、請求項1乃至4何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記第1の平面における、前記自由曲面ミラー上での反射位置から前記像面上の走査位置までの距離が長い側の光線が前記自由曲面レンズを通過する光路長が、前記自由曲面ミラー上での反射位置から前記像面上の走査位置までの距離が短い側の光線が前記自由曲面レンズを通過する光路長よりも大きい、請求項1乃至5何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記像面での前記第2の方向における前記自由曲面レンズが、負の屈折力を有する、請求項1乃至6何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記像面での前記第2の方向における前記自由曲面ミラーの周辺部が、負の屈折力を有する、請求項1乃至6何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記第1の方向の長さをX、レンズデータ上で自由曲面ミラーの配置位置を定義する基準位置から像面へ下ろした垂線の長さである投射距離をLとすると、L/Xは1以下である、請求項1乃至8何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記第1の方向の長さをX、レンズデータ上で自由曲面ミラーの配置位置を定義する基準位置から像面へ下ろした垂線の長さである投射距離をLとすると、L/Xは0.2以下である、請求項1乃至8何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記自由曲面ミラーの、前記第1の方向に対応するレーザ光が反射する部分は、前記第2の方向に対応するレーザ光が反射する部分と比べ、前記像面に向かって凸面形状が強くなる、請求項1乃至10何れか一に記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記光源は、少なくとも一方のビーム状の光がS偏光の複数色光で他方のビーム状の光がP偏光の複数色光を出射し、
前記複数偏波のビーム状の光を合成する色合成部を更に備える、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。 - 前記一方のビーム状の光は少なくとも赤、緑、青色波長領域の光を含み、それぞれの中心波長をR1、G1、B1(nm)とした場合、他方のビーム状の光も少なくとも赤、緑、青色波長領域の光の一つの波長領域の光を含み、当該光の中心波長が前記R1、G1、B1(nm)と異なる、請求項12記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記光源から出射した光は楕円形状であり、前記光走査部が走査範囲の中央で静止している場合に前記楕円の短軸方向が前記第1の方向と一致するよう、前記光源と前記像面が配置される、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記自由曲面ミラーの表面粗さは、前記光源からの光の前記自由曲面ミラーの走査方向と同一方向又は走査方向に略直交する方向に、複数の面粗さが帯状に存在し、前記帯状の粗さの境界間の寸法が前記自由曲面ミラー上でのビーム寸法に対して小さい、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記光源から出射した光を前記第1及び第2の方向の2方向で形成される二次元の走査面に略垂直方向に出射する光路変換部を更に備える、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記光走査部を複数備える、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。
- 前記光走査部を磁気シールドできる構造体内に遮蔽し、
前記光走査部もしくは当該画像表示装置の筐体の一部に永久磁石、又は電磁石を設け、前記像面又はその近傍に前記磁力で自立可能な構造とする、請求項1記載の画像表示装置。 - 光源から出射した光を、当該光の反射面の往復の回転運動により、像面の第1の方向、及び、当該第1の方向と直交する第2の方向に走査する光走査部と、
走査された走査ビームの走査角度を拡大する光学系を備え、
前記光学系は、前記光走査部側に自由曲面レンズを有し、前記像面側に凸面ミラーを有し、
前記第1の方向においては、前記像面の中央部分に相当する前記走査ビームの前記凸面ミラーへの入射角度が、前記像面の周辺部分に相当する前記走査ビームの前記凸面ミラーへの入射角度より大きく、
前記第2の方向においては、前記凸面ミラーの前記光走査部に近い部分への前記走査ビームの入射角度が、前記凸面ミラーの前記光走査部から遠い部分への入射角度より小さい、画像表示装置。 - 前記光走査部は、MEMSミラーを備える、請求項19記載の画像表示装置。
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US11686937B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 | 2023-06-27 | Maxell, Ltd. | Vehicle |
JP2019220949A (ja) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-26 | マクマスター・ユニバーシティMcmaster University | 色域最適化によるスペックル低減レーザ投影 |
JP2022082564A (ja) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-06-02 | マクセル株式会社 | 車両 |
JP7278447B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2023-05-19 | マクセル株式会社 | 車両 |
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US9116349B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
KR20140009528A (ko) | 2014-01-22 |
US20140126033A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
JP5859529B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
CN103597399A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
CN103597399B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
KR101548445B1 (ko) | 2015-08-28 |
JPWO2012176235A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
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