WO2012175424A1 - Konfokales rastermikroskop und betriebsverfahren für ein solches sowie verfahren zum manipulieren einer probe - Google Patents
Konfokales rastermikroskop und betriebsverfahren für ein solches sowie verfahren zum manipulieren einer probe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012175424A1 WO2012175424A1 PCT/EP2012/061463 EP2012061463W WO2012175424A1 WO 2012175424 A1 WO2012175424 A1 WO 2012175424A1 EP 2012061463 W EP2012061463 W EP 2012061463W WO 2012175424 A1 WO2012175424 A1 WO 2012175424A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- photocathode
- dynode
- switch
- target spot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/008—Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0076—Optical details of the image generation arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/30—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- the invention relates to a confocal scanning microscope comprising a light source, an adjustable beam deflecting unit and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) comprising a photocathode, a plurality of dynodes and an anode, an electrical circuit for biasing the dynodes with a respective (internal) voltage relative to the photocathode and a control unit for
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- Setting the deflection unit includes, as well as a control method for such
- the first dynode is the one closest to the photocathode. It has the lowest electrical potential difference to the photocathode.
- the voltages between the dynodes and between the first dynode and the photocathode are also referred to as internal voltages and the operating high voltage of the PMT also as external voltage.
- a sample is scanned with a light beam, the target spot of the light beam shaving off a predetermined scanning field to take a picture pixel by pixel, and each pixel is accumulated by a photomicrograph during the so-called pixel dwell time of a PMT associated with electric charge corresponding light intensity.
- LSM laser scanning microscopes
- the dynodes of a PMT By applying the dynodes of a PMT with respective electrical voltages, light incidence in the photomultiplier leads to an avalanche of secondary electrons, which can be measured with high accuracy. As a result, photomultipliers are sensitive optoelectronic transducers. Typically, the dynodes are connected to a voltage divider chain, above which a
- Photomultiplier downstream electronic gain to be regulated in order to obtain an optimal signal to be evaluated. It is also possible to influence the gain of a PMT by changing the high voltage, but this type of adjustment is sluggish. Strong light incidence on the photocathode leads to high electron beam densities within the evacuated multiplier tube. This increases the
- Very high light intensities occur in confocal microscopes, in particular in the implementation of methods for measuring dynamic sample processes at the molecular level, in which fluorophores are selected in one or more
- Regions of the sample are bleached specifically.
- techniques include fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching (FRAP), fluorescence loss in photo-bleaching (FLIP), and fluorescence localization after photo-bleaching (FLAP)
- FRAP fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching
- FLIP fluorescence loss in photo-bleaching
- FLAP fluorescence localization after photo-bleaching
- Control circuits for photomultiplier are therefore usually with
- FIG. 1 is intended to illustrate these consequences with an example. For a better understanding, the spatio-temporal relationships are simplified. A sample is scanned along a scanning field X with a light beam (directions of movement indicated by arrows). Meanwhile confocally become the local
- Fluorescence intensities in the current target spot were recorded in pixel P by means of a PMT (not shown) with the high voltage switched on (indicated by a solid black line segment).
- the illumination during scanning is bidirectional, the light beam and the detection are switched on over the entire scanning field X away.
- subfigure 1 B the illumination and detection take place unidirectionally, the light beam is switched on at the beginning of the line and switched off during the line retrace; Pixels are recorded in only one direction in each line.
- High voltage Interrupted section of the line
- the protection circuit detects the falling light intensity based on the weak anode signal, whereupon the high voltage is turned on again. Due to the switching inertia, it takes some time (only about five pixels P through the simplification here) until the high voltage is established at time C (solid black line segment) and the PMT returns correct data. As a result, the pixels lying behind the region R in the scanning direction are not displayed correctly by the time C. Although it is possible to shut down the high-voltage protection shutdown in order to be able to record even such sample areas with low intensity following high intensity. Under the high load, however, the PMT suffers all the more. At the end of the scanning field X, the light beam and thus the resulting target spot is again conducted to the beginning of the scanning field X (dot-dashed line).
- Protection shutdown can be dispensed with.
- a second scanning unit for image recording so that a rastering operation for exposure and an independent rastering process for image recording is possible.
- the light-receiving raster process is performed by means of the second scanning unit only when the bleaching / releasing / photoactivating scanning process is terminated by means of the first scanning unit.
- Microscope arrangement is complicated. Another approach is to perform bleaching during unidirectional image pickup during the rewinding of the light beam. The disadvantages described above for the
- Lifetime of the detector can also occur here, if the region to be intensified to be exposed ends near the end of the returning line. Incidentally, the time between exposure and image pickup can always be reduced by making the scanning field "cropped" on the region R to be observed so that fewer pixels are exposed and captured, and / or by reducing the resolution , in particular in connection with a change in the image scale (English, "zooming").
- the invention has for its object to improve a scanning microscope of the type mentioned and to provide a corresponding control method that allow better protection of the PMT from overloading.
- the object is achieved by a confocal scanning microscope, which has the features specified in claim 1, by a control method having the features specified in claim 12, and by a
- a confocal scanning microscope has a switch which is switchable between an activated switching state and a deactivated switching state, reducing the (internal) voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode in the activated switching state compared to the deactivated switching state, and a control unit that is set up for
- Target spot in a given region of the scan field activates the switch and deactivates the switch when leaving the region.
- the activated switching state correspond to a closed switch position and the deactivated switching state of an open switch position or vice versa.
- the switch for the voltage between the first dynode and the photocathode can be controlled in addition to the location dependence also in dependence of the anode signal to the PMT outside of predetermined regions before
- comparators which compare the anode signal with at least one threshold value and, depending on the comparison result, the
- Photocathode for example of +150 V of the first dynode over the
- Photocathode to -150 V acts as an electron brake. This will get you
- the anode signal disappears.
- the amount of voltage between the first dynode and the photocathode does not have to remain constant during the "polarity reversal", but can be changed, for example reduced or increased with respect to the acceleration polarity however, more complicated than short-circuiting.
- the electrical circuit is adapted to the photomultiplier regardless of the switching state of the switch with an outer
- an embodiment is expedient in which the light source is adjustable with regard to its light output (optionally for image acquisition or for bleaching) and the control unit sets the light source at the entrance of the target spot in the predetermined region to a higher light output (for bleaching) and when leaving the Region to a lower light output (for image acquisition).
- the control unit sets the light source at the entrance of the target spot in the predetermined region to a higher light output (for bleaching) and when leaving the Region to a lower light output (for image acquisition).
- activated switching state and a deactivated switching state is switchable, wherein it reduces in the activated switching state, the (internal) voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode of the photomultiplier in question, in particular by a) electrically shorting the photocathode to the first dynode or b) the Voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode reversed, especially in combination with a reduction in their amount.
- Photomultipliers preferably comprise the scanning microscope optics for the simultaneous imaging of multiple target spots on at least one respective
- Photomultiplier wherein the control unit for each target spot, regardless of the other target spots when entering the predetermined region, the switches of this photomultiplier activated and deactivated on leaving.
- This allows a fast scanning of the scanning field and correspondingly fast bleaching and / or fast image acquisition.
- scanning and detection with a plurality of target spots is referred to DE 103 44 060 A1, EP 2187252 A1 and US 6,028,306, the disclosure of which is included as far as possible.
- Such an embodiment expediently also includes optics for simultaneous illumination of the multiple target spots.
- Photomultipliers include the scanning microscope (at least) an optical element that spatially-spectrally splits the target spot and several
- Photomultiplier maps the control unit when entering the predetermined region, the switches of all these photomultiplier activated and deactivated on leaving.
- the optical element may, for example, be a spectrally selective beam splitter or an angle-dispersive element such as a prism or a grating.
- a spectrally selective beam splitter or an angle-dispersive element such as a prism or a grating.
- Dispersion directions for example in the manner of an Echelle spectrometer.
- the scanning microscope comprises an optics for imaging different solid angle segments of an input aperture on (at least) one respective photomultiplier, wherein the control unit when entering the
- Preselected region activates the switches of all these photomultipliers and deactivates them when leaving.
- Such an optical system is known, for example, from EP 1664889 A1, the disclosure content of which is included as far as possible here.
- This embodiment can be combined with an embodiment in which multiple target spots are imaged simultaneously. Zeck Dislay then takes place in each partial beam path, a corresponding mapping of solid angle segments of the respective input aperture on a respective group of photomultipliers.
- at least a subset of the photomultipliers may be integrated in a photomultiplier row.
- Such lines are commercially available, for example from Hamamatsu.
- control method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- a second light power for example, for bleaching
- the above steps may be performed by a respective software module. It is also possible for a software module to perform several of the steps.
- an outer one is provided to apply the first voltage.
- Switching off the operating high voltage can advantageously be dispensed with.
- Particularly advantageous embodiments are those in which the following substeps are additionally carried out during the movement of the target spot:
- steps can also be performed, for example, by a respective software module. It is also possible for a software module to perform several of the steps.
- the invention includes a method of manipulating a sample by irradiating various locations of the sample with a light beam
- location-dependent light output by means of a confocal scanning microscope comprising a photomultiplier having a photocathode, a plurality of dynodes and an anode, wherein an electrical voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode is applied location-dependent, in particular at (substantially) constant external operating voltage of the photomultiplier ,
- regions can be predetermined in the invention and the photocathode and the first dynode for these regions can be controlled identically.
- simultaneous processes can be observed at different points of the sample.
- the light output of the light source may preferably be adjustable electro-optically, for example by means of an electro-optical modulator, or acousto-optically, for example by means of an acousto-optical modulator.
- the invention also includes a programmable control unit for a confocal scanning microscope or computer program for such a control unit, configured for carrying out a method according to the invention.
- the switch has a response time of a maximum of 1 s.
- an LSM is also possible for pixel-wise de-activation and reactivation of the PMT even with short pixel dwell times. It is particularly advantageous that also the
- the high operating voltage ie typically less than 150 V, which can be separated by a switch with little effort.
- the switch is against a high voltage of
- the confocal scanning microscope according to the invention can advantageously be used in FLIP, FLAP, FRAP, photoactivation and / or uncaging.
- the invention provides a location-dependent, rapid protection shutdown for PMT. It allows improved protection of the PMT, in particular in conjunction with a radiation with location-dependent light output.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a laser scanning microscope
- FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of a first PMT operating circuit
- Fig. 5 shows schematically the scanning of a sample with bleaching of a sample region according to the invention.
- like parts bear like reference numerals.
- FIG. 1 shows the consequences of an idle protection shutdown of the operating high voltage of a PMT as a function of the anode signal of the PMT according to the prior art.
- the PMT 2 shows the circuit diagram of a first exemplary operating circuit 1 for a PMT 2.
- the PMT 2 comprises an evacuated housing (not shown), a photocathode 2.1, eight dynodes 2.2 ... 2.9 and an anode 2.10.
- the operating circuit 1 comprises a high voltage source 3, whose voltage is applied across a series of resistors 4, so that at each resistor 4 and thus between adjacent dynodes 2.1 ... 2.10 a respective partial voltage drops.
- the resulting potential cascade amplifies in a known manner the photoelectrons knocked out at the cathode 2.1.
- the current pulse occurring thereby at the anode 2.10 can, for example, be converted into an electrical voltage as an anode signal D by means of a current-voltage conversion unit (not shown).
- the circuit 1 has a high-voltage insulated switch 7, whose one pole is connected to the photocathode 2.1 and whose other pole is connected to the first dynode 2.2.
- the switch 7 can be used, for example, as an optocoupler,
- Isolation amplifier or relay be executed. It is expediently designed as a closer and causes in this embodiment in the closed (activated) switching state a short circuit between the photocathode 2.1 and first dynode 2.2 and thus deactivates the first acceleration stage of the PMT 2.
- the switch 7 closes, as long as the output from the control unit 34
- Switching signal Q for example, has at least a predetermined negative level. If the control unit 34 again opens the normally open contact of the switch 7, in which it outputs a more positive signal Q to it, for example, then the acceleration voltage between the cathode 2.1 and the first dynode 2.2 builds up again in the shortest possible time. The first acceleration stage is with it reactivated. During the entire process of deactivation and reactivation of the PMT 2, the high voltage HV of the voltage source 3 is maintained.
- control unit 34 can also control the light source 25 with regard to the emitted light output. Preferably, it activates the switch 7 whenever it switches the light source 25 from a lower to a higher light output. Preferably, it deactivates the switch 7 whenever it switches the light source 25 from a higher to a lower light output.
- Fig. 3 is a laser scanning microscope 10 with location-dependent, faster
- the LSM 10 is modularly composed of an illumination module L with lasers 23, a scanning module S (English, “scanning module”), a detection module D and the microscope unit M with the microscope objective 31.
- the light of the laser 23 can be detected by light flaps 24 and attenuator 25,
- acousto-optic tunable filters may be influenced by the control unit 34 before being fed and combined into the scanning module S via optical fibers and coupling optics 20.
- the control unit 34 may be influenced by the control unit 34 before being fed and combined into the scanning module S via optical fibers and coupling optics 20.
- the main beam splitter 33 and the XY Scanning unit 30 (“scanner"), the two
- the attenuators 25 will be referred to as the light source representative of the combination of the laser 23, the light flaps 24, and the attenuators 25.
- Main beam splitter 33 in the detection module D may be formed, for example, as a dichroic color splitter.
- the detection module D has a plurality of detection channels, each with a pinhole 31, a filter 28 and a PMT detector 2, which are separated by color divider 29.
- pinhole apertures 31 instead of pinhole apertures 31, slit apertures (not shown) can also be used, for example in the case of line-shaped illumination.
- the confocal pinholes 31 serve to discriminate sample light that does not originate from the focus volume surrounding the target spot T. The detectors 2 therefore detect
- the detectors 2 comprise a respective operating circuit 1, which provides a high operating voltage and a switch (not shown for the sake of clarity) for influencing the
- Voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode regardless of the operating high voltage includes, as well as a respective evaluation (not shown here). In other embodiments (not shown), the
- Transmitter be offset from the detectors 2, in particular, it may be located outside of the detection module D.
- the switch for influencing the voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode is connected, for example, to the photocathode and the first dynode in such a way that it electrically short-circuits the photocathode and the first dynode in an activated switching position, such that a first dynode and the photocathode Voltage of 0 V is applied, and in a deactivated
- Shift position eliminates the short circuit, so that between the first dynode and the photocathode, the regular voltage is applied, for example +150 V.
- the confocally illuminated and recorded target spot T in the sample 22 can be moved by means of the scanning unit 30 over or through the sample 22 in order to take a picture pixel by pixel, in which the galvanometer mirrors of the scanning unit 30 are purposefully rotated.
- both the movement of the galvanometer mirrors and the switching of the illumination by means of the light flaps 24 or the attenuator 25 are controlled directly by the control unit 34.
- Data acquisition from the detectors 2 is also carried out by the control unit 34, as well as the control of the switch for influencing the voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode.
- the evaluation unit / control unit 34 can be, for example, a commercially available electronic computer ("computer").
- a plurality of target spots T in the sample 22 can be illuminated simultaneously by an optical system in the illumination beam path, for example a lens array (Jens array).
- an optical system in the illumination beam path for example a lens array (Jens array).
- Detection beam path in multiple target spots, for example, in each
- Partial beam path in front of the detector 2 (in the case of several target spots, for example in front of each detector), a spatial-spectral splitting takes place, for example by means of a respective angle-dispersive element.
- the switch for influencing the voltage between the photocathode and the first dynode may, for example, be connected to the photocathode and the first dynode in such a way that a positive voltage of, for example, +150 V in an activated switching position is applied between the first dynode and the photocathode and in a deactivated switching position, a negative voltage of, for example -150 V between the first dynode and the photocathode is applied.
- FIG. 4 An example of an operating circuit 1 of such an alternative embodiment, Fig. 4. It corresponds largely to the circuit 1 of FIG. 2, but here is the switch 7 for reversing the voltage between the first dynode 2.2 and
- Dynodes 2.1 ... 2.10 to the voltage divider cascade. Due to the polarity reversal, the first acceleration stage in the activated switching state of the switch 7 acts as an electron brake and thus effectively prevents large photoelectron currents.
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence of an exemplary control method for an LSM 10, for example according to FIG. 2.
- the control unit 34 first acquires an overview image from the sample 22 in a manner known per se with a pure detection light power of the light source 25 presents it visually to the user.
- the user can use a scanning field X and a
- ROI region of interest
- step S1 determines whether the user the scanning field X and / or the region R is already known. If the user the scanning field X and / or the region R is already known, step S1 can be omitted. In step S2, the control unit 34 takes from the user, for example, in a known manner an indication of the sample region R contrary. If the scanning field X and / or the region R of the control unit 34 from another source already exist as a record, the sub-step in question can be omitted.
- control unit 34 sets in step S3
- step S4 it moves the target spot T by means of the deflection unit 30 on the sample 22, while the accumulated by the detector 2 per pixel dwell time
- step S4a Light intensities digitally corresponding pixels. Meanwhile, it compares continuously in step S4a the current position of the target spot T with the predetermined region R. Identifies them that the target spot T has exceeded an edge of the predetermined region R and thereby at least partially into the region
- step S4 it activates the switch 7 and switches the light source 25 to bleaching light power. Also, during step S4, it continuously compares the current location of the target spot T with the predetermined region R in step S4b. If it identifies that the target spot T has crossed an edge of the predetermined region R and thereby completely left the region R, it deactivates it
- step S4 switches the light source 25 to detection light power.
- step S4 The movement of the target spot T over the sample 22 in step S4 is continued until the arrival of the end of the scanning field X is identified. Then, the target spot T is again moved to the beginning of the scanning field X in step S5, and in step S6, the sample is resampled with only the detection light power, thereby taking an image. To observe dynamic processes in the sample 22, it is expedient to repeat steps S5 and S6 several times.
- FIG. 6 shows the advantageous consequences of using one of the operating circuits 1 described above in an LSM using the example of bleaching a given sample region R.
- FIG. 6 shows the advantageous consequences of using one of the operating circuits 1 described above in an LSM using the example of bleaching a given sample region R.
- FIG. 1 shows the prior art in contrast to the prior art (FIG. 1), FIG.
- the switch 7 Activation of the switch 7 at time A with the entry of the target spot in the region to be bleached R, the shutdown of the detector with an error of less than a pixel dwell time. Together with the activation of the switch 7, the light source 25 is switched to bleaching light power. The reactivation of the detection by deactivating the switch 7 and the switching back of the light source 25 on the normal detection light power takes place at time B with the exit of the target spot from the region R. As a result, the following pixels can be regularly detected with a maximum error of one pixel.
- the shutdown and reactivation in conjunction with the switching of the light power in all lines over which the region R extends.
- sequences of shutdown and reactivation can occur several times per line.
- the invention has the advantage that the image acquisition by activating the switch 7 pixel-accurately turned off when entering a predetermined region R and at exit by deactivating the switch 7 again pixel-precise
- Region R is carried out with high accuracy, for example in the context of FLIP. This also applies to several regions R to be bleached.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014515210A JP6133851B2 (ja) | 2011-06-18 | 2012-06-15 | 共焦点ラスタ顕微鏡および共焦点ラスタ顕微鏡のための駆動方法、ならびに試料の操作方法 |
| US14/127,067 US9927603B2 (en) | 2011-06-18 | 2012-06-15 | Confocal scanning microscope, operating method for same and method for manipulating a sample |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011104379.2A DE102011104379B4 (de) | 2011-06-18 | 2011-06-18 | Konfokales Rastermikroskop und Verwendung, Steuerverfahren sowie programmierbare Steuereinheit für ein solches Mikroskop |
| DE102011104379.2 | 2011-06-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012175424A1 true WO2012175424A1 (de) | 2012-12-27 |
Family
ID=46317399
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2012/061463 Ceased WO2012175424A1 (de) | 2011-06-18 | 2012-06-15 | Konfokales rastermikroskop und betriebsverfahren für ein solches sowie verfahren zum manipulieren einer probe |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9927603B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6133851B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102011104379B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012175424A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5901201B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2016-04-06 | オリンパス株式会社 | 走査型レーザ顕微鏡 |
| JP6147122B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2017-06-14 | オリンパス株式会社 | 走査型レーザ顕微鏡 |
| DE102014010185A1 (de) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-01-14 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Laser-Scanning-Mikroskops |
| US12007542B2 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2024-06-11 | Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem | Assembly for switching optical path and optical microscope including the assembly |
| CN111399208B (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-04-26 | 上海澜澈生物科技有限公司 | 生物荧光样本的聚焦拍摄实现方法、显微镜和存储介质 |
| DE102020126737A1 (de) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-14 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Verfahren und Mikroskop zum Erzeugen eines Übersichtsbildes einer Probe |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3821546A (en) * | 1972-11-28 | 1974-06-28 | Nasa | Photomultiplier circuit including means for rapidly reducing the sensitivity thereof |
| DE4105376A1 (de) * | 1990-03-12 | 1991-09-19 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh | Anordnung zur daempfung des sekundaerelektronenvervielfacher-ausgangssignals |
| JP2004069752A (ja) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-03-04 | Keyence Corp | 光電子増倍管のゲインリミッタ回路と共焦点顕微鏡システム |
| EP1617253A1 (de) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-18 | CARL ZEISS JENA GmbH | Lichtrastermikroskop mit linienförmiger Abtastung und Verwendung |
| DE102004034997A1 (de) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Lichtrastermikroskop mit bewegter Lochscheibe und Verwendung |
| WO2009150416A2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-17 | Rapiscan Security Products, Inc. | Photomultiplier and detection systems |
| DE102009060309A1 (de) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Carl Zeiss Microlmaging GmbH, 07745 | Betriebsschaltung und Steuerverfahren für einen Photovervielfacher |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4912263B1 (de) * | 1969-04-11 | 1974-03-23 | ||
| US4367404A (en) * | 1980-07-03 | 1983-01-04 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Reduction of hysteresis in photomultiplier detectors |
| US4437763A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1984-03-20 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Control of detector gain hysteresis in a single beam spectrophotometer |
| JPH06150877A (ja) * | 1992-11-10 | 1994-05-31 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光電子増倍管用ゲート回路 |
| DE19758744C2 (de) | 1997-01-27 | 2003-08-07 | Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh | Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop |
| JP3816632B2 (ja) | 1997-05-14 | 2006-08-30 | オリンパス株式会社 | 走査型顕微鏡 |
| US6687000B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2004-02-03 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Photon-sorting spectroscopic microscope system |
| DE10033180B4 (de) | 2000-06-29 | 2006-08-31 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Verfahren zur Detektion von Farbstoffen in der Fluoreszenzmikroskopie |
| DE10151217B4 (de) * | 2001-10-16 | 2012-05-16 | Carl Zeiss Microlmaging Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Laser-Scanning-Mikroskops |
| JP4307815B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-10 | 2009-08-05 | オリンパス株式会社 | 共焦点レーザ走査型顕微鏡装置及びそのプログラム |
| EP1664889B1 (de) | 2003-08-12 | 2010-10-06 | Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH | Vorrichtung zum nachweis von photonen eines lichtstrahls |
| DE10344060A1 (de) | 2003-09-23 | 2005-05-04 | Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh | Konfokales Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop |
| JP4567324B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-18 | 2010-10-20 | オリンパス株式会社 | レーザー走査型共焦点顕微鏡 |
| JP4589041B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2010-12-01 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光検出用回路及び光検出器 |
| JP4725087B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-30 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社ニコン | 顕微鏡 |
| US7436508B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2008-10-14 | Kla-Tencor Technologies Corp. | Systems, circuits and methods for reducing thermal damage and extending the detection range of an inspection system |
| DE102005058160A1 (de) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-21 | Spectro Analytical Instruments Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Analyse metallischer Proben |
| DE102007004598B4 (de) * | 2007-01-30 | 2022-12-29 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Schutzbeschaltung für Photomultiplierröhren |
| JP2010085608A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Nikon Corp | 共焦点顕微鏡 |
| HU0800688D0 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2009-01-28 | Femtonics Kft | Multiple free line-scan mode of scanning |
-
2011
- 2011-06-18 DE DE102011104379.2A patent/DE102011104379B4/de active Active
-
2012
- 2012-06-15 WO PCT/EP2012/061463 patent/WO2012175424A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-15 US US14/127,067 patent/US9927603B2/en active Active
- 2012-06-15 JP JP2014515210A patent/JP6133851B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3821546A (en) * | 1972-11-28 | 1974-06-28 | Nasa | Photomultiplier circuit including means for rapidly reducing the sensitivity thereof |
| DE4105376A1 (de) * | 1990-03-12 | 1991-09-19 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh | Anordnung zur daempfung des sekundaerelektronenvervielfacher-ausgangssignals |
| JP2004069752A (ja) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-03-04 | Keyence Corp | 光電子増倍管のゲインリミッタ回路と共焦点顕微鏡システム |
| EP1617253A1 (de) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-18 | CARL ZEISS JENA GmbH | Lichtrastermikroskop mit linienförmiger Abtastung und Verwendung |
| DE102004034997A1 (de) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Lichtrastermikroskop mit bewegter Lochscheibe und Verwendung |
| WO2009150416A2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-17 | Rapiscan Security Products, Inc. | Photomultiplier and detection systems |
| DE102009060309A1 (de) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Carl Zeiss Microlmaging GmbH, 07745 | Betriebsschaltung und Steuerverfahren für einen Photovervielfacher |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140138517A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| DE102011104379A1 (de) | 2012-12-20 |
| DE102011104379B4 (de) | 2021-11-25 |
| JP6133851B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
| US9927603B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
| JP2014522995A (ja) | 2014-09-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3526634B1 (de) | Optikgruppe für detektionslicht für ein mikroskop, verfahren zur mikroskopie und mikroskop | |
| EP1307726B2 (de) | Verfahren zur erfassung des wellenlängenabhängigen verhaltens einer beleuchteten probe | |
| DE102008018476B4 (de) | Mikroskopievorrichtung | |
| DE10063276C2 (de) | Scanmikroskop | |
| DE102011104379B4 (de) | Konfokales Rastermikroskop und Verwendung, Steuerverfahren sowie programmierbare Steuereinheit für ein solches Mikroskop | |
| WO2020088997A2 (de) | Mikroskop und verfahren zur mikroskopie | |
| EP3084500B1 (de) | Verfahren zur scanning-mikroskopie und scanning-mikroskop | |
| DE10233074B4 (de) | Optische Vorrichtung zum Vereinigen von Lichtstrahlen und Scanmikroskop | |
| WO2001088590A1 (de) | Anordnung zur konfokalen autofokussierung | |
| WO2024153476A1 (de) | Mikroskop | |
| WO2020254303A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur überprüfung der konfokalität einer scannenden und entscannenden mikroskopbaugruppe | |
| EP3832370B1 (de) | Mikroskopie-verfahren und mikroskop zur abbildung von proben mittels manipulierter anregungsstrahlung | |
| DE102009060309A1 (de) | Betriebsschaltung und Steuerverfahren für einen Photovervielfacher | |
| DE10253609A1 (de) | Scanmikroskop | |
| DE102016104534B3 (de) | Mikroskop und Verfahren zur Lichtscheibenfluoreszenzmikroskopie | |
| DE102023119101B3 (de) | MINFLUX- oder STED-MINFLUX-Mikroskop mit erhöhter zeitlich-örtlicher Auflösung und entsprechendes Verfahren | |
| EP1927026A1 (de) | Konfokalmikroskop und verfahren zur detektion mit einem konfokalmikroskop | |
| DE102006045839B4 (de) | Laserscanningmikroskop mit Element zur Pupillenmanipulation | |
| DE102004029733B4 (de) | Rastermikroskop und Verfahren zur Rastermikroskopie | |
| DE102014010185A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Laser-Scanning-Mikroskops | |
| DE102013021182B4 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Scanning-Mikroskopie | |
| DE10247249A1 (de) | Scanmikroskop mit einem Spiegel zur Einkopplung eines Manipulationslichtstrahls | |
| DE10206980A1 (de) | Mikroskop, Detektor und Verfahren zur Mikroskopie | |
| DE10333388A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Rastermikroskopie und Rastermikroskop |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12727863 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014515210 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14127067 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 12727863 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |