WO2012175018A1 - 一种促进神经再生的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种促进神经再生的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2012175018A1
WO2012175018A1 PCT/CN2012/077217 CN2012077217W WO2012175018A1 WO 2012175018 A1 WO2012175018 A1 WO 2012175018A1 CN 2012077217 W CN2012077217 W CN 2012077217W WO 2012175018 A1 WO2012175018 A1 WO 2012175018A1
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extract
chinese medicine
traditional chinese
ethanol
ginseng
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French (fr)
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贝伟剑
郭姣
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广东药学院
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/16Ginkgophyta, e.g. Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/25Araliaceae (Ginseng family), e.g. ivy, aralia, schefflera or tetrapanax
    • A61K36/258Panax (ginseng)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/70Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family), e.g. spineflower or dock
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for promoting nerve regeneration, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Ischemic stroke is an important killer threatening human health and has a high incidence in the middle-aged and elderly population. It is estimated that there are about 5 million patients with ischemic stroke in the country, and the number is more than 20 million people worldwide. The age of onset is getting younger. Many patients with ischemic stroke lose their ability to work and seriously damage the social labor force. creativity.
  • Vascular dementia is an important type of senile dementia and one of the sequelae of ischemic stroke. It is quite common in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The prevalence rate can reach more than 10% in people over 60 years old. Influence the quality of life of the elderly. With the aging of our population, patients with ischemic stroke and VD are increasing.
  • Chinese Patent 200810198306.7 discloses a drug and health care product for cerebral ischemic disease and vascular dementia, from ginsenoside Rbl 2 ⁇ 10 parts, ginsenoside Rgl 2 ⁇ 10 parts, ginsenoside Rd 2 ⁇ 10 parts, ginsenoside Re 2 ⁇ 10 parts, stilbene glycine 2 ⁇ 10 parts, ginkgolides 2 ⁇ 10 parts, kaempferol and quercetin mixture 2 ⁇ 10 parts and other effective components. It is an effective group of plants selected for screening. It is an ideal therapeutic effect for cerebral ischemic diseases and vascular dementia.
  • this formula has a good anti-cerebral ischemic injury and improves learning and memory, since the formula is a pure chemical component, the source of each component is subject to certain restrictions, the manufacturing cost is relatively expensive, and the wide application is limited.
  • Promoting nerve regeneration is a new treatment trend and future development direction for the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases, but Chinese medicine on this aspect is rarely reported.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a traditional Chinese medicine composition which is easy to obtain raw materials, has a simple preparation method and has remarkable curative effect and promotes nerve regeneration, and is named as Wushen Xingnaofang, abbreviated as WSXN.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the above traditional Chinese medicine composition.
  • a traditional Chinese medicine composition for promoting nerve regeneration is composed of the following components and parts by weight: Shouwu 2 ⁇ 10, ginseng 1 ⁇ 10 and ginkgo biloba 1 ⁇ 10.
  • the above traditional Chinese medicine composition for promoting nerve regeneration may also be composed of 2 to 10 parts by weight of commercially available Shouwu extract, 1 to 10 parts by weight of ginseng extract, and 1 to 10 parts by weight of Ginkgo biloba extract.
  • the traditional Chinese medicine composition for promoting nerve regeneration is composed of the following components and parts by weight: Shouwu 2 ⁇ 5, ginseng 1 ⁇ 5 and ginkgo biloba 1 ⁇ 5.
  • traditional Chinese medicine to promote nerve regeneration composition of the medicament may be a three materials d_ 3 alcohol extract after the extract was mixed to prepare a composition, particularly a drug material 2 to 5 parts by weight Radix, 1-5 parts by weight of ginseng and Ginkgo biloba leaves 1 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the above traditional Chinese medicine composition for promoting nerve regeneration can also directly use the main active ingredient composition of the extract containing Shouwu, ginseng and Ginkgo biloba leaves, and the active ingredient and the weight ratio are: stilbene glucoside: ginsenoside Rbl: ginsenoside Rgl: ginseng Saponin Rd: ginsenoside Re: ginkgolides: kaempferol: quercetin equals 1 ⁇ 18: 1 ⁇ 10: 1 ⁇ 10: 1 ⁇ 2: 1 ⁇ 4: 1-4: 1 ⁇ 2: 1 ⁇ 2 .
  • Promote nerve regeneration medicine above compositions may be mixed to obtain the boiling water decoction administered directly, may be used alone or in admixture d_ 3 alcohol extract, were combined, concentrated and dried into mixed extract composition.
  • the bulk drug Radix, Ginseng and Ginkgo biloba proportioning Weigh respectively after c w alcoholic extract, an alcohol extract obtained c w, total extract were combined, the total extract was concentrated to give the concentrate after the concentrate has been added to
  • the treated macroporous adsorption resin is successively eluted with different concentrations of ethanol, the corresponding eluent is collected, the ethanol is recovered, and dried; or the ethanol is recovered, concentrated into a thick plaster, vacuum dried, pulverized, and the concentrate is removed.
  • An impurity component such as a non-saponin, a non-stilbene glycoside, a non-ginkgolide, and a non-flavonoid, and a final extract of the raw material drug is obtained, and the final extract of the three raw materials is mixed to obtain the nerve regeneration.
  • Traditional Chinese medicine composition such as a non-saponin, a non-stilbene glycoside, a non-ginkgolide, and a non-flavonoid
  • the alcohol extraction is performed by using 1955% by volume of CM alcohol for 1 ⁇ 5 times, and the volume of the alcohol extracted is 1 ⁇ 15 times of the mass of the medicinal material, and the extraction time is 5 min ⁇ 5 h; the CM alcohol is methanol, Ethanol or propanol.
  • the ratio of the macroporous adsorption resin to the concentrate is 1 kg of macroporous resin plus concentrate 1 to 5 L.
  • the ethanol elution is carried out by using 50 95% by volume of ethanol in an amount of 5 20 L of ethanol per ml of macroporous resin, eluting at a flow rate of 1 to 20 mL/min, and eluting to a colorless state; Polyamide type resin or polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin.
  • the cerebral ischemic injury diseases include stroke, cerebral thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, stroke sequelae, and vascular dementia, and the senile dementia disease is primary senile dementia (Alzheimer's disease) and/or vascular dementia.
  • ginseng is a valuable Chinese medicine, which is flat, sweet and slightly bitter. It has the functions of Dabu Yuanqi, Fumai Gutie, Bupi Yifei, Shengjin, and Anshen Puzzle. For physical weakness, limb cold pulse, long illness, convulsions, insomnia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock and so on.
  • ginseng Modern medical research proves that the active ingredient of ginseng is ginsenoside, which has high medicinal value and has anti-aging, puzzle, soothing and longevity effects. Usually used to treat cardiovascular diseases, forgetfulness and insomnia. Pharmacological studies have shown that ginseng, ginseng total saponins and their individual saponins can improve the function of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, and have obvious protective effects on acute and chronic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, mice, gerbils and other animals.
  • Shouwu is also known as Polygonum, which is warm, bitter, sweet, and sputum. It enters the liver and kidney.
  • Shouwu is a nourishing medicine. It has the functions of nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting blood, black hair, strong bones and other functions. It can be used for blood deficiency, sallowness, dizziness, deafness, early whitening, weak waist and knees, and numbness of limbs. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shouwu has the effects of delaying aging, anti-atherosclerosis and cerebral ischemia.
  • Shouwu contains the active ingredient stilbene glycoside for brain protection; it can improve the learning and memory dysfunction of gerbils caused by ischemia-reperfusion, and has neuroprotective effects on various models of dementia cells; experimental atherosclerosis Hardening rat blood lipids and inflammatory factors also have a regulatory effect.
  • Ginseng and Shouwu are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke and senile dementia.
  • the composition and efficacy of ginseng and Shouwu are relatively clear, and the ginseng Shouwu capsule is a national standard Chinese medicine with tonifying liver and kidney and benefiting qi and blood.
  • qi and blood weakness need to be early white, neurasthenia, forgetfulness and insomnia, loss of appetite, excessive fatigue and so on.
  • the efficacy of ginseng Shouwu preparation has been further evaluated and improved, mainly because ginseng and Shouwu have weak blood circulation function and affect curative effect. We believe that the use of traditional Chinese medicine for blood circulation will significantly improve the efficacy.
  • Ginkgo biloba flat, sweet, bitter, sputum, heart, lung. It has the effect of promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, and is used for coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia.
  • ginkgo preparations have sprung up everywhere and have attracted worldwide attention.
  • the main active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba are ginkgo ketone ester and xanthonone. Its preparations such as Xingling Granules and Jinnao Tablets have the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis and relieving collaterals.
  • ginseng and Shouwu compatible with Ginkgo biloba, significantly inhibited ischemic brain tissue damage and promoted nerve regeneration and improved learning and memory.
  • the combined effects of the three were significantly better than those of ginseng and Shouwu, ginseng and ginkgo leaves or ginkgo leaves, ginseng and Shouwu.
  • ginseng, Shouwu, and Ginkgo biloba people Active ingredients such as saponins and stilbene glycosides accelerate into brain tissue and increase their concentration and bioavailability in brain tissue.
  • the flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba can promote the active components of ginseng Shouwu stilbene glycoside, ginsenoside Rbl, Rgl, Rd, Re into the brain tissue.
  • Ginseng and Shouwu, with Ginkgo biloba have a significant effect on medicinal effects; it can reduce the share of toxic components of ginkgolic acid, reduce toxic side effects, and enhance the efficacy of promoting nerve regeneration, anti-cerebral ischemic injury and improving learning and memory.
  • Pharmacological synergy can play a better role in anti-cerebral ischemic injury and neuroprotection and promote nerve regeneration.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the invention has excellent nerve regeneration effect, has outstanding anti-cerebral ischemic injury, neuroprotection, and improves learning and memory, and has the main active ingredients, stable quality, low dosage, and can be made into various kinds. Controlled release formulations and large-scale production are excellent natural and/or health foods.
  • the medicine raw material of the invention has few kinds of materials, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and has wide application value.
  • FIG. 1 The traditional Chinese medicine composition extract of Example 1 (WSXN) fingerprint of the flavonoid component obtained by HPLC;
  • FIG. 1 Hematoma slices of rat brain hippocampus
  • Figure 8 Rat hippocampal tissue after treatment with each drug BrdU single-label immunohistochemistry (inducing nerve regeneration) Confocal laser scanning microscopy photo effect.
  • Ginkgo biloba treatment is the same as ginseng, and the final concentration of alcohol extract is 1 mL, which is equivalent to 1 g of crude drug.
  • Shouwu is extracted 10 times, 8 times and 6 times of the amount of medicinal materials, and then decoctioned and extracted 3 times, each time for 2 hours, combined with 3 times of water extract, concentrated under vacuum and reduced to 1 mL of extract is equivalent to lg raw medicinal materials.
  • the total alcohol extract concentrate was applied to the treated macroporous adsorption resin (PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin), and the ratio of the macroporous resin to the concentrate was 1 kg of macroporous resin plus concentrate 2 L. Elute with 50%, 70%, 80% and 95% ethanol in an amount of 4, 4, 4, 4 L, elute at a flow rate of 10 mL/min, collect the corresponding eluent, recover ethanol, and dry; or The ethanol was recovered, concentrated into a thick plaster, vacuum dried, and pulverized to obtain a final extract (WSXN1) of 10.1 kg.
  • PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin
  • the extract (WSXN1) contains stilbene glycoside, ginsenoside Rb ⁇ ginsenoside R gl , ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside by UHPLC-MS analysis.
  • the above-mentioned medicinal materials are pulverized into coarse powder, and boiled for 12 hours, 10 times and 6 times of the amount of the medicinal materials, respectively, boiled for 2 h, 1.5 h and 1 h, respectively, filtered, and the filtrate is combined, and the concentration is reduced to 1 ml under reduced pressure of 80 ° C or less.
  • the extract (WSXN1-2) was analyzed by UHPLC-MS to contain stilbene glycoside, ginsenoside Rb ⁇ ginsenoside R gl , ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginkgolides, kaempferol and quercetin. Their contents are shown in Table 2.
  • the alcohol extraction part concentration is 1 mL corresponding to 1 g crude drug Shouwu crude extract; the concentrate is added to the treated macroporous adsorption resin (PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin), macroporous resin
  • the ratio of the amount to the concentrate is 2 L of lkg macroporous resin plus concentrate.
  • EHSW2 Shouwu extract 2
  • the yield of Shouwu extract 2 was 10%; the content of stilbene was 10.2%.
  • the concentration of the alcohol extract is 1 mL, which is equivalent to the lg crude drug, and the concentrate is obtained; and is applied to the treated macroporous adsorption resin (PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin), and the ratio of the macroporous resin to the concentrate is Lkg macroporous resin plus concentrate 2.5L.
  • PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin PD100 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin
  • the alcohol extracting fraction is 1 mL equivalent to 1 g of crude drug; it is applied to the treated macroporous adsorption resin (PD800 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin), and the ratio of macroporous resin to alcohol extract is 1 kg. Macroporous resin plus alcohol extract 2.2L.
  • the above 60% ethanol and 95% ethanol eluate collect the corresponding eluate, recover the ethanol and make the alcohol extract part concentration is 1 mL equivalent to 1 g crude drug, adjust the pH value to 8.0, and add to the treated macroporous adsorption resin.
  • PD800 polystyrene weakly basic anion exchange resin the ratio of macroporous resin to alcohol extract is lkg macroporous resin plus alcohol extract 2.0L.
  • the cells were eluted with 60%, 70%, 80% and 95% ethanol in an amount of 4.5 L, 4 L, 3.5 L, 5 L, eluted at a flow rate of 10 mL/min, and the corresponding eluate was collected to recover ethanol.
  • Ginseng extract 1 (Ginseng total saponin content is 30.3%) 9 kg;
  • Ginkgo biloba extract 1 (ginkgolide content 6.2%, kaempferol content 5.6%, quercetin content 5.8% ginkgolic acid content ⁇ 5 ppm) 3.6 kg. Weigh the above three kinds of extracts and mix them evenly in equal increments. That is, a compound Chinese medicine extract (WSXN2) which promotes nerve regeneration, prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases and senile dementia, and a fingerprint obtained by UHPLC-MS analysis is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
  • the extract is determined to contain Components such as stilbene glycoside, ginsenoside Rb!, ginsenoside R gl , ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginkgolides, kaempferol and quercetin. Their contents are shown in Table 3.
  • Test item Content (%) Test item Content (%)
  • Ginsenoside Rd 1.1 Ginkgolide 1.0
  • Example 2 The extracts obtained in Example 2 were selected:
  • Ginseng Extract 2 total ginsenoside content of 29.6% 10kg
  • Ginkgo Biloba Extract 2 [Ginkgolide Extract (EGB2-B, content 40.8%) 1.0g + Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB2-A, kaempferol content 15.1%, quercetin content 16.0%)] 3 Kg.
  • a compound Chinese herbal extract for promoting nerve regeneration, preventing and treating cerebral ischemic diseases and senile dementia, UHPLC-MS analysis, the extract contains stilbene glycoside, ginsenoside Rb ⁇ ginsenoside R gl , Ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginkgolides, kaempferol and quercetin. Their contents are shown in Table 4.
  • Ginseng extract 9 kg (total saponin content 30.5%, purchased from Jilin Hongjiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.);
  • Ginkgo biloba extract 3.5kg [Total ginkgolides content 6.1%; total flavonoids 24.3% (quercetin content 4.8% and kaempferol content 4.6%), ginkgolic acid ⁇ 5ppm ; purchased by Zhejiang Huali Plant Development Co., Ltd. ].
  • Wushen Xingnao Recipe 2 (WSXN2) 7 kg, PEG-6000 7 kg, PEG-4000 7kg, each 72mg drop pills, polished, quality inspection packaging according to the conventional method of dropping pills.
  • a total of 29.16 million tablets of Wushen Xingnao Pills were prepared, each containing 24 mg of WSXN2.
  • composition WSXN1 7.2 kg, gelatin 7.2 kg, soybean oil 7.2 kg, soft capsules weighing 0.36g per capsule according to the conventional method of soft capsules, quality inspection packaging.
  • a total of 120,000 tablets of Wushen Xingnao Soft Capsules were prepared, each containing 120 mg of WSXN1.
  • the content of each active ingredient in the soft capsule WSXN7 was determined by HPLC, and the results are shown in the following table.
  • the soft capsule was used for clinical trials to treat atherosclerosis, 3 times a day, 2 capsules each time, and even for 90 days.
  • the patient's memory was significantly enhanced after treatment in the treatment group, and the total effective rate was 76.7%.
  • WSXN3 composition 15 kg, add starch 9 kg, dextrin 6 kg, mix well, dry granulation, 60 ⁇ dry, whole grain, fill No. 2 capsule, polished, quality inspection packaging. Each grain weighed 0.25g, and a total of 120,000 capsules were prepared, each of which was 0.25g, containing WSXN3 0.125g/grain.
  • Ginsenoside Rgl 3. 61 Ginkgolide 1. 74
  • the capsule was used for clinical trial treatment of vascular dementia, 3 times a day, 1 capsule each time, and even served for 90 days.
  • the patient's memory was significantly enhanced after treatment in the treatment group, and the total effective rate was 76.7%.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned dosage form, and can also be prepared as an injection, but further toxicity test such as toxicity is required.
  • WSXN is added with a co-solvent to prepare a powder injection according to the requirements of the powder injection.
  • Each bottle contains 240 mg of WSXN.
  • Example 11 Wushen Xingnao Recipe against cerebral ischemic injury and improving learning and memory
  • Example 1 Wushen Xingnao Recipe (WSXN1) and Ginseng Shouwu Extract (RSSW) were provided by the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, and the positive control drug Jinnao tablets (EGB761, Dr. Weimar Shupei, Germany) Produced by the pharmaceutical company;; the drug is formulated into a suspension with 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na).
  • Reagents Anhydrous ethanol, xylene, paraffin, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, formaldehyde, sodium chloride, etc. are all domestically analyzed.
  • Electrothermal incubator (Shanghai), Leica RM2135 Rotary Microtome (Germany), Optical Microscope (Olympus BX51).
  • Experimental animals Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g, clean grade standard, provided by Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University (Qualification No.: Guangdong Inspection Certificate No. 2008A053).
  • the experimental temperature is controlled at 25 ⁇ 1 °C, the light is controlled for 12 hours, 12 hours dark, free drinking water and food animals are waiting. I started experimenting after 3 days of feeding.
  • Rats were sorted by weight and numbered; randomly divided into 6 groups by randomized group method, A: Sham operation group, B: Model group, C: WSXN 1 high dose group (80 mg kg) , D: WSXN1 low dose group (40mg kg), E: RSSW group 120mg kg), H: positive drug EGB761 (40.0mg kg), 10 in each group.
  • Rats in the sham operation group and the model group were intragastrically administered 1% CMC-Na once a day 5 days before the model establishment and 14 days after the model was performed, and the stomach was administered once a day 2 hours before the operation.
  • the remaining drug groups were intragastrically administered 5 days before the model establishment and 14 days after the model, and the rats were intragastrically administered 2 times before the operation.
  • the behavior of the rats was observed daily after surgery. On the 8th day, the rats were allowed to swim freely for 2 minutes to adapt to the surrounding environment.
  • the Morris water maze test was started, which lasted for 6 days, and was administered as usual during the test.
  • the animals were sacrificed on the 15th day after surgery.
  • Five rats in each group were randomly selected and stored in 4% paraformaldehyde for brain slices.
  • HE staining of whole slices was used to observe the degree of cerebral ischemic injury in each group;
  • the hippocampus Nissl staining was performed to observe the degree of damage of the pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of each group.
  • the bilateral common carotid arteries were bluntly separated and threaded with a 4th wire. After 24 hours, the bilateral common carotid arteries were clamped with a micro-arterial clamp for 15 min.
  • the sulfa powder was locally sprayed to prevent infection, and the intramuscular injection of penicillin 2 U / kg was given anti-infection 3 days after the operation.
  • the steps of the sham operation group are the same as above, and no ischemic treatment is performed.
  • Rats were allowed to swim freely for 2 minutes on the 8th day after surgery to adjust to the surrounding environment.
  • the Morris water maze test was started from the 9th day.
  • Each rat was trained 3 times a day, that is, 3 water inlet points were trained every day, at intervals of 2 ⁇ 3 hours, the experiment lasted 5 days. Randomly select the water point during training. Place the rat facing the side wall into the water. After the rat finds the platform, let it rest on the platform for 10 seconds, observe and record the rat's platform time (Latency of the rats to reach the platform) to find the platform time, ie the incubation period. As an indicator to detect learning and memory. If the rat does not find the platform within 90 seconds during training, it should be led to the platform by hand. The incubation period is recorded as 90 seconds for 5 consecutive days.
  • the experimental data were expressed by meani SEM, and the variance analysis of the repeated measurement data was performed by SPSS 13.0 software to carry out the difference significance test.
  • the weight of the sham-operated group showed an increasing trend.
  • the model group suffered from weight loss and even weight loss due to damage caused by global cerebral ischemia.
  • the rate of change in body weight was significantly different from that of the sham-operated group at 2, 5, 8 and 12 days after model establishment.
  • the rate of change in body weight was significantly different between the high-dose group and the WSXN1 group at 5 days, 8 days, and 12 days after surgery.
  • the positive control group showed significant difference at 8 and 12 days after surgery, indicating that the positive control group was given.
  • Tissue morphology of hippocampus in normal rat brain under light microscope Under low magnification, the hippocampus of the sham-operated group showed a "C" shape, which was divided into CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions, and there were 3 to 4 pyramidal cells in the CAl region. The cells are arranged neatly (Fig. 4, Fig. 5). Under high magnification, the pyramidal nuclei are large and round, with 1 or 2 nucleoli, and the pyramidal cell density is 172.1 ⁇ 17.4 (Table 10).
  • Ginkgo biloba extract tablets in the 40.0 mg kg group of rat hippocampus CA1 pyramidal nerve cell density was also significantly increased compared with the model group (P ⁇ 0.05, Table 10, Figure 5 EGB761 group). It is suggested that Ginkgo biloba extract tablets also have obvious protective effects on hippocampal tissue damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
  • the learning and memory impairment is the most protective.
  • spatial exploration experiments showed that global cerebral ischemia caused a decrease in spatial memory ability in rats.
  • the WSXN 1 high- and low-dose rats significantly shortened the exploration path in the target quadrant, indicating that WSXN1 caused spatial memory caused by global cerebral ischemia. Damage has a significant protective effect.
  • C0 2 incubator Heraeus HERAcell 150
  • inverted fluorescence microscope ZEISS AXIO OBSERVER A1, Germany
  • paraffin specimen embedding machine Leica-2000, Germany
  • paraffin specimen slicer Leica-2135, Germany
  • Automatic photomicrography system and color cell image analyzer AxioVision Rel. 4.7, Germany
  • microscope Olympus BX-51, Japan
  • confocal laser scanning microscopy Olympus LSM-GB200, Japan).
  • Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SH), ischemia model group (Mo), EGB 761 Ginamond Ginkgo biloba extract tablets (EGB 761, 40 mg/kg), RSSW group (120 mg/kg), WSXN2 high. Low-dose group (WSXN2 80, 40 mg / kg) prevail The administration group was pre-administered with the corresponding dose of drugs for 5 days before cerebral ischemia.
  • Rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (300 mg/kg, ip).
  • the rat middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion model (MCAO) was established and reperfused for 2 h.
  • the reperfusion time lasted 7 d.
  • the rats in each group were scored for behavior. 5-point behavioral scoring criteria: 0 points for normal behavior, 1 point for right front paws, 2 points for spontaneous laps or 2 points to the right, 3 points for only stimuli, no response to stimuli 4 points. Rats with scores between 1 and 3 were used as experimental subjects.
  • Rats in the drug-administered group were given various drugs at a dose of 5 days before cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. After 24 hours of the last administration, rats were given p p. BrdL 100 mg kg for 3 days, 24 hours apart. The rats were sacrificed 6 h after the last injection of BrdU. Immediate isolation of hippocampus BrdU single-label immunohistochemistry.
  • Fluorescent labeling of nerve regeneration Tissue sections were heated in a solution containing BrdU (10 mol/L) (85 °C, 5 min), 2 mol/L HC1 (RT, 30 min), 0.1 mol/L boric acid ( Rinse lOrnin in pH 8.5), incubate in PBS containing 1% H 2 0 2 for 30 min, and block lh in PBS (containing 3% normal goat serum, 0.3% (w/v) Triton X 100 and 0.1% BSA). (Room), followed by incubation with mouse anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody (1:200) (over 4 °C overnight).
  • the goat anti-mouse Cy5 (1:1000) was incubated, rinsed, air-dried, and embedded in a fluorescent sealer, and the control tissue sections were omitted to eliminate the primary antiserum.
  • Five slices of each animal were taken for confocal laser scanning microscopy and analyzed. The results are shown in Figure 8 (SH is a pseudo-ischemic control group; Mo is an ischemic group; EGB761 is a ginkgo extract group; RSSW is a ginseng extract)
  • the WSXN is the extract of Wushen Xingnao Recipe.
  • the small dots in the figure show the number of regenerative neurons in the hippocampus of experimental rats).
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • ⁇ -amyloid plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and the present invention uses an ⁇ -amyloid 25-35 ( ⁇ 25 _ 35 ) induced AD model of mouse hippocampal neuronal injury.
  • ⁇ 25 _ 35 ⁇ -amyloid 25-35 induced AD model of mouse hippocampal neuronal injury.
  • Experimental animals 40 healthy female C57BL/6 mice, body weight (20 ⁇ 2) g, provided by Guangdong Experimental Animal Center. Place it at (25 ⁇ 2.0) °C room temperature, 12 ⁇ 12h day and night cycle light, free to eat and drink. Animals were acclimated to the laboratory environment for 1 week before the experiment.
  • mice chloral hydrate (4001 3 ⁇ 4 / 1 3 ⁇ 4) anesthesia, bilateral ovariectomy.
  • mice were randomly divided into control group, ⁇ 25 _ 35 group, Ap 25 _ 35 +WSXN1 group, Ap 25 _ 35 + RSSW group and ⁇ 25 _ 35 + ⁇ 761 group, 10 rats in each group.
  • the control group was injected with physiological saline into the lateral ventricle.
  • AD mice models were prepared by injecting 1 mmol/L ⁇ 25 . 35 into the lateral ventricle of other groups of mice.
  • Water maze training was started on the 8th day of administration for 7 days.
  • the special water maze platform was placed in the 4th quadrant. Each mouse was tested twice a day, and the quadrant of the platform was excluded. The mice were placed in the middle of the other three quadrants.
  • the test was completed after the mice were on the stage for 10 seconds. The mice that could not be put on the stage were recorded for 90s and the mice were guided to The platform, which lasts for 30 s on the platform, to enhance memory.
  • the swimming process of the mice was taken and recorded for 1 week. This is the learning process of the mice.
  • the platform was removed and the spatial memory capacity of the mice was tested (in terms of the number of times the mouse crossed the platform within 90 s). Then, the mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate, and fresh mouse hippocampus tissues were taken and stored in a -80 ⁇ refrigerator for genetic testing.
  • the latency of the ⁇ 25 _ 35 group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P ⁇ 0.01); while the latency of the WSXN1, RSSW and EGB761 administration groups was significantly shorter than that of the ⁇ 25 _ 35 model group (P O.01)
  • the platform was removed. Compared with the control mice, the number of ⁇ 25 _ 35 mice traversing the platform was significantly reduced; while WSXN1, RSSW and EGB761 administered by gavage significantly improved ⁇ 25 _ 35 The memory ability of the mice in the group. See Table 13 for details.
  • ⁇ 25 - 35 lateral ventricle injection can significantly reduce the expression of bcl-2 gene in mouse hippocampus, while WSXN1, RSSW and EGB761 can improve the damage of ⁇ 25 _ 35 and increase the anti-apoptotic gene bcl.
  • -2 Gene expression protects mouse brain neuronal damage.
  • Example 14 Ginkgo biloba extract promotes ginsenosides into brain tissue
  • Ginsenoside Rgl, Re, Rbl Reference (purchased from China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, batch number 110703 - 200424, 110754 - 20042 K 110704 - 200420).
  • Reagents Chromatographically pure methanol, acetonitrile, phosphoric acid, formic acid, absolute ethanol, etc. are all imported from Germany.
  • the water is ultrapure water (distilled water is then prepared by the Millipore ultrapure water system:).
  • Experimental animals Sprague-Dawley rats, half male and half female, weighing 220-250 g, were cleaned and graded by the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University (Qualification No.: Guangdong Inspection Certificate No. 2008A053). 4 cages. The temperature is controlled at 25 °C ⁇ 1 °C, the light is controlled for 12 hours, 12 hours dark, free drinking water and food animals. I started experimenting after 3 days of feeding.
  • Rats were randomly divided into WSXN, RSSW, ERS, EHSW and Ginkgo biloba extract positive control (EGB761) and normal control group 6, 6 rats in each group, respectively, WSXN 120 mg/kg, RSSW 100 mg kg.
  • ERS 50 mg kg, EHSW 50 mg/kg, EGb761 20 mg/kg, and physiological saline were adjusted with a vehicle at a volume of 0.2 mL / 100 g (body mass).
  • WSXN, RSSW and ERS contain the same dose of 15mg/kg ginseng total saponins; WSXN, RSSW
  • the three doses of EHSW contained the same dose of 10 mg kg of stilbene glycoside, while the WSXN and EGB761 groups contained the equivalent amount of EGB (Ginkgo biloba extract) (12 mg/kg).
  • About 5 mL of blood was taken from the femoral artery at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after administration, and the femoral artery was bled in heparin-treated tubes, and plasma was taken by centrifugation. Immediately after the blood was taken, the animals were sacrificed, and the ipsilateral cerebral cortex was taken separately, and stored in a -20 ⁇ refrigerator for analysis.
  • WSXN 120mg/kg [equivalent to (ginseng total saponin 15mg + stilbene glycoside 10mg + EGB 20mg) / kg]
  • RSSW 100mg kg [equivalent (ginseng total saponin 15mg + stilbene 10mg) / kg]
  • ERS 50 mg kg (equivalent to ginseng total saponin 15 mg / kg)
  • EHSW 50 mg kg (equivalent to stilbene glycoside 10 mg / kg)
  • EGB 20 mg kg and normal saline EGB 20 mg kg and normal saline.
  • Plasma Waters Oasis HLB column was activated with 2 mL of methanol and water, respectively, using a Waters solid phase extraction apparatus. Take 0.5 mL of plasma and depressurize at a constant rate through the SPE column, then wash the column with 2 mL of water and drain. Finally, use methanol 2 After elution in mL, the eluate was collected, dried in a water bath at 35 ° C under a nitrogen stream, and the residue was sufficiently dissolved in mobile phase 500, passed through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter, and subjected to 5 ⁇ injection for HPLC/MS/MS analysis.
  • Brain tissue Rat tissue corresponding to O.lg, add 1.0 mL of ultrapure water, homogenize with high-speed tissue pulverizer, shake for 5 min, centrifuge at 18000 r/min for 5 min, take supernatant 0.5 mL decompression constant Pass the SPE column, then wash the column with 2 mL of water, and drain; finally elute with 2 mL of methanol, collect the eluent, blow dry under a nitrogen stream at 35 °C, and dissolve the residue with mobile phase 500. ⁇ filter, 5 ⁇ injection, HPLC / MS / MS analysis.
  • the column was RESTEKPinnacle II C18 column (50 mm x 211 mm, 5 ⁇ ); column temperature: 20 ° C ; flow rate was 200 ⁇ 7 ⁇ ; mobile phase was A water (volume fraction 0.5% formic acid), B acetonitrile (volume fraction 0.5%) Formic acid), gradient elution (0 ⁇ 121 ⁇ 11, mobile phase B volume fraction 20% ⁇ 50% ; 12 ⁇ 12.1min, mobile phase B volume fraction 50% ⁇ 20% ; 12.1 ⁇ 21 min, mobile phase B volume Score 20%).
  • Mass spectrometry conditions electrospray ESI ion source, gas curtain gas is lOpsi, atomizing gas (GAS1) is 40 psi, heating auxiliary gas (GAS2) is 40 psi, collision gas CAD is Medium, spray voltage IS is 5.5 ⁇ , atomization temperature is 500 °C, the detection method is positive ion multi-ion reaction detection (MRM), and the ions used for quantitative analysis are m /z Rg! 832.8 ⁇ 643.6; Re 969.8 ⁇ 789.7; Rb! 1132.1 ⁇ 365.3 ⁇
  • the concentration of Rbl in the brain tissue of rats in the WSXN group was significantly higher than that in the RSSW and ERS groups, whereas Rbl was not detected in the brain tissues of the normal control and EGB groups at different time points. It is indicated that the presence of EGB can significantly promote Rbl into the brain tissue in the WSXN side, which is beneficial to the pharmacodynamic effect in brain tissue.
  • Diagnostic criteria Diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia in DSM-IV.
  • Diagnostic criteria Diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia in DSM-IV.
  • Exclusion criteria There are severe neurological, blood, endocrine and other primary diseases and the Haijinsky ischemic index (HIS), with a total score of 18 points and a score of ⁇ 7 divided into senile dementia.
  • HIS Haijinsky ischemic index
  • Scale selection 1 US Simple Intelligence Scale, total score of 30 points, if the score ⁇ 16 points for intelligent obstacles; 2 Japan Hasegawa Dementia Scale, total score of 30 points, if the score ⁇ 16 points for dementia established; 3 The Haijinsky Ischemic Index Scale (HIS), with a total score of 18 points, if the score is >7 points for vascular dementia, the score ⁇ 7 points for senile dementia.
  • HIS Haijinsky Ischemic Index Scale
  • the main symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine refer to the guiding principles of clinical research of new Chinese medicine; the guiding principle of clinical research of new Chinese medicine for treating senile dementia.
  • Efficacy criteria The comprehensive assessment method was adopted, and the changes in the intelligence state before and after treatment, the main symptoms of Chinese medicine, and physical signs were taken as comprehensive evaluation contents, with emphasis on intelligent change.
  • the score of the recovery of the Hasegawa dementia scale increased to a normal value, the score of the effective person increased by 5 points or more, the score of the effective person increased by less than 5 points, and the score of the invalid person not only increased but decreased.
  • Medication method Use WSXN prescription to make drop pills (see Example 6), take 10 capsules every morning, evening and evening, 2 months for 1 course of treatment, all medications for 3 courses, during which other cerebral vasodilator drugs, brain cells are stopped. Metabolic drugs, neuromodulation drugs. Ginkgo biloba extract tablets (Ginna Multi tablets) 40mg*20 tablets / box, 2-3 times a day, 1-2 tablets each time.
  • Ginseng Shouwu Capsule is produced by Guiyang Medical College Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., each serving 0.3 g, orally, 2 capsules at a time, 3 times a day, before meals.
  • the intelligent improvement effect of WSXN dropping pills on vascular dementia It can be seen from Table 21 that after 60 patients were treated with WSXN dropping pills and Jinnadu tablets for 3 courses, the scores of the two drugs were significantly increased (P ⁇ 0.01). ), the explanation has the effect of restoring memory and improving intelligence.
  • the total effective rate of the active ingredient composition WSXN for the disease was 80.0%. Although the recovery was zero and only 5 cases were markedly effective, the effective rate accounted for more than half (63.3%).
  • the efficacy of the active ingredient composition is slightly better than that of the Gina multi tablet.
  • This product can improve the intelligent decline of senile dementia. From Table 22, it can be seen that after 35 courses of the patients treated with Wushen Xingnao Recipe, the score of the scale increased significantly (P ⁇ 0.01). It shows that the memory is restored, the intelligence is improved, and the symptoms such as unfavorable language, insomnia, irritability, irritability, and tongue licking are very obvious. 32 cases of senile dementia (AD) with qi stagnation and qi stagnation and blood stasis The effective rate is 77.1%. The curative effect is higher than that of oral administration of ginseng Shouwu capsule, especially for the symptoms of insomnia, irritability, irritability and the like.

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Abstract

一种促进神经再生的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。所述中药组合物由首乌、人参和银杏叶组成,或由市售的首乌提取物、人参提取物和银杏叶提取物组成。所述中药组合物的制备方法是分别用C1-3醇提取原料药,浓缩,过大孔吸附树脂柱,乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回收乙醇,干燥,混合;或回收乙醇,浓缩成稠膏,干燥,粉碎,混合。所述中药组合物还可治疗脑缺血损伤、保护神经、改善学习记忆和治疗老年痴呆。

Description

说明书
一种促进神经再生的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域, 具体涉及一种促进神经再生的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
脑缺血损伤相关疾病包括中风、 中风后遗症、 血管性痴呆。 缺血性中风是威胁人类健康的重要杀手, 在中老年人群发病 率很高。 全国估计约有缺血性中风病人高达近 5百万人, 全球更是高达 2千万人以上, 而且发病年龄是越趋年轻化, 许多缺 血性中风病人丧失劳动能力, 严重损害社会劳动力和创造力。
老年痴呆是老年常见病, 有血管性痴呆(Vascular Dementia, VD)和老年性痴呆(Alzheimer disease, AD)等不同类型。 血管性痴呆是老年痴呆的一种重要类型, 也是缺血性中风的后遗症之一, 在缺血性脑血管疾病患者中相当普遍, 在 60岁以 上人群中患病率可达 10%以上,严重影响老年人生活质量。随着我国人口的逐渐老龄化,缺血性中风和 VD患者在不断增加。
国内每年用于缺血性中风和血管性痴呆的治疗费用高达上 200亿元,全球更是高达数百亿美元, 给家庭社会带来沉重负 担。 但迄今为止, 对缺血性中风和 VD尚无特效的治疗和预防药物。 有效预防和治疗心脑血管疾病已成为摆在我们面前的一 个严重而艰巨的课题。
中医药理论认为脑缺血中风和老年痴呆特别是血管性痴呆的病机是:一为虚, 即真阴素亏, 正气不足; 二为实, 气逆血 瘀于上, 蒙蔽脑神。 即年老肾虚, 气虚血瘀、 而致脑脉络受瘀血阻滞, 血流不畅、 髓海空虚、 脑衰健忘。 治宜补气益肾健脑、 活血化瘀。
中医药对治疗缺血性中风和血管性痴呆有独特效果。但目前具有独特疗效的治疗缺血性中风疾病和血管性痴呆的中成药 甚少, 且经严格疗效评价、 高效、 安全、 质量可控的有效治疗缺血性中风和血管性痴呆现代中成药更是缺欠。 现有的防治缺 血性中风疾病和血管性痴呆的中成药普遍存在大复方、 组成药味多、 有效成分复杂、 生产工艺不稳定、 质量难于控制、 疗效 难于保证等到缺陷,难于符合现代中药要求。未来市场上那些成分复杂不明、无法或难于进行有效质量控制、作用机理不清、 疗效不确切的老中成药产品将被淘汰; 单方制剂和单方有效部位制剂, 虽然成分明了, 作用明确, 质量可控, 但面对病因病 机复杂的脑缺血性疾病(中风)和老年痴呆等难治性疾病显然难于获得满意疗效。 而中医药理论指导下的小复方新药将有望 解决大复方中成药和中药单方制剂和单方有效部位制剂所面对的困惑, 而研究开发处方组成精简、有效成分相对明确、 质量 易于控制而且生产工艺稳定、 安全有效的小复方现代中药制剂或中药有效组分新药已成为未来发展之方向。
中国专利 200810198306.7 (公开日 2009年 2月 4日) 公开了一种脑缺血疾病和血管性痴呆的药物和保健品, 由人参皂苷 Rbl 2~10份、 人参皂苷 Rgl 2~10份、 人参皂苷 Rd 2~10份、 人参皂苷 Re 2~10份、 二苯乙烯苷 2~10份、 银杏内酯 2~10份、 山 柰酚与槲皮素混合物 2~10份等植物有效组分组成。 是经筛选而得的植物有效组分配伍, 用于脑缺血疾病和血管性痴呆取得 理想疗效, 实验研究也表明, 该方对实验性的防治脑缺血疾病 (脑动脉硬化、 缺血性脑卒中、 中风后遗症) 和血管性痴呆 疗效确切, 具有很好的抗脑缺血损伤、 改善学习记忆作用, 该处方专利已经获得授权。
虽然该配方具有很好的抗脑缺血损伤、 改善学习记忆的作用, 但是由于该配方是纯化学成分配方, 各成分原料来源受 到一定制约, 制造成本相对昂贵, 广泛应用受到限制。
促进神经再生是治疗脑缺血性疾病的一种新治疗趋势和未来的发展方向, 但是关于这方面的中药还罕见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足, 提供一种原料易得, 制备方法简便, 疗效显著的促进神经再生的中药组合物, 命名为乌参醒脑方, 简称 WSXN。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明的又一目的是提供上述中药组合物的应用。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现上述目的:
一种促进神经再生的中药组合物, 是由以下组份和重量份数组成: 首乌 2~10、 人参 1~10和银杏叶 1~10。
以上促进神经再生的中药组合物也可以用市购的首乌提取物 2~10重量份、人参提取物 1~10重量份和银杏叶提取物 1~10 重量份组成。
作为一种优选方案, 该促进神经再生的中药组合物由以下组份和重量份数组成: 首乌 2~5、 人参 1~5和银杏叶 1~5。 更进一步, 上述促进神经再生的中药组合物可以是将三种原料药物经过 d_3醇提后制备成提取物再混合组成, 具体原料 药物首乌 2~5重量份、 人参 1~5重量份和银杏叶 1~5重量份。
上述促进神经再生的中药组合物还可以直接选用含有首乌、人参和银杏叶的提取物的主要有效成分组成, 有效成分及重 量比为: 二苯乙烯苷:人参皂苷 Rbl :人参皂苷 Rgl :人参皂苷 Rd:人参皂苷 Re:银杏内酯:山柰酚:槲皮素等于 1~18: 1~10: 1~10: 1~2: 1~4: 1-4: 1~2: 1~2。
上述促进神经再生的中药组合物可以直接用水混合煎煮得汤药服用, 也可以用 d_3醇单独或混合提取、 合并、 浓缩、 干 燥混合成提取物组合物。
下面提供一种优选提取制备方案, 步骤如下:
将原料药物首乌、 人参和银杏叶按配比称取后分别经过 cw醇提取后, 得到 cw醇提物, 合并总提取物, 总提取物经过 浓缩后得到浓缩液, 浓缩液加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂上, 依次用不同浓度的乙醇洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干 燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎, 即得已经除去浓缩液中非皂苷类、 非二苯乙烯苷类、 非银杏内酯类和非 黄酮类等杂质成分, 得到原料药物的最终提取物, 将三种原料药物的最终提取物混合, 即得到所述促进神经再生的中药组合 物。
所述 醇提是用 30 95体积%的 CM醇提取 1~5次, 每次提取的 醇体积为药材质量的 1~15倍, 每次提取时间为 5min~5h; 所述 CM醇为甲醇、 乙醇或丙醇。
所述大孔吸附树脂与浓缩液的用量比是 1kg大孔树脂加浓缩液 1~5L。
所述乙醇洗脱是用 50 95体积%乙醇, 用量为每 lkg大孔树脂用 5 20 L乙醇溶液, 以 1~20 mL/min流速洗脱, 洗脱 至无色; 所述大孔树脂为聚酰胺型树脂或聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂。
以上所述任意一种中药组合物在制备促进神经再生的药物和 /或保健食品中的应用。
上述中药组合物在制备防治脑缺血损伤疾病或老年痴呆疾病药物和 /或保健食品中的应用。 所述脑缺血损伤疾病包括脑 卒中、 脑血栓形成、 动脉硬化、 中风后遗症和血管性痴呆等, 所述老年痴呆疾病为原发性老年性痴呆 (Alzheimer 症) 和 / 或血管性痴呆。
中医药理论认为人参为名贵中药, 性平, 味甘, 微苦。 具有大补元气、 复脉固脱、 补脾益肺、 生津、 安神益智之功能。 用于体虚欲脱、 肢冷脉微、 久病虚羸、 惊悸失眠、 心力衰竭、 心原性休克等。
现代医学研究证明, 人参的有效成分为人参皂甙, 药用价值极高, 具有抗衰老、 益智、 安神、 延寿等功效 。 通常用于 治疗心血管疾病、 健忘失眠等。 药理研究表明人参、 人参总皂甙及其各单体皂甙可改善心脑血管系统功能, 对大鼠、 小鼠、 沙土鼠等多种动物的急慢性脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显保护作用、还能调节神经系统功能和免疫功能, 提高脑细胞耐缺氧能力 和抗应激功能, 提高脑缺血沙土鼠神经干细胞存活率和学习记忆能力, 改善暂时性脑缺血引起学习记忆障碍模型小鼠学习能 力, 此外还能降血脂, 广泛应用于中风和血管痴呆的防治。
首乌又名何首乌, 性温, 味苦、 甘、 涩, 入肝、 肾经。 制首乌为滋补良药, 具有补肝肾、 益精血、 乌须发、 强筋骨等功 能, 可用于血虚萎黄、 眩晕耳呜、 须发早白、 腰膝酸软、 肢体麻木。 现代药理研究表明, 首乌具有延缓衰老、 抗动脉硬化和 脑缺血等作用。
首乌中含有活性成分二苯乙烯苷具有脑保护作用; 能够改善缺血再灌注所导致的沙土鼠学习记忆功能障碍, 并对多种拟 痴呆细胞模型有神经保护作用; 对实验性动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂和炎症因子也有调节作用。
人参和首乌是中医药治疗脑缺血中风和老年痴呆的常用中药, 成分和功效已相对明确, 并且有人参首乌胶囊这一国家标 准中成药, 具有补肝肾, 益气血功能。 用于气血虚弱, 须发早白, 神经衰弱, 健忘失眠, 食欲不振, 疲劳过度等。 但人参首 乌方制剂其疗效有等进一步评价和提高, 主要是人参、 首乌活血功能不强, 影响疗效。 我们认为佐以活血类中药, 将能显著 提高药效。
银杏叶, 性平、 味甘、 苦、 涩, 归心、 肺经。 具有活血化瘀、 止痛之功效, 用于冠心病、 心绞痛、 高脂血症。 近十多年 来发现而在这场人类防止脑缺血损伤的攻坚战中, 银杏制剂异军突起, 倍受世界关注。 银杏的主要有效成分为银杏酮酯和黄 酮。 其制剂杏灵颗粒、 金纳多片等具有活血化瘀、 通脉舒络之功能, 主要用于血瘀引起的卒中、 胸痹(冠心病)等症, 症见: 胸闷心悸、 舌强语蹇、 半身不遂、 偏身麻木、 口舌歪斜、 痴呆等。 但单一银杏叶提取物制剂因毒性成分银杏酸的存在而使其 使用受到限制, 其药效和疗效仍有待进一步提高。
我们长期研究发现, 人参和首乌, 配伍银杏叶, 抗缺血性脑组织损伤和促进神经再生和改善学习记忆作用显著增强。 三 者合用药效显著好于人参和首乌、 人参和银杏叶或银杏叶、 人参、 首乌单独的作用。 而且人参、 首乌、 和银杏叶合用时, 人 参皂苷和二苯乙烯苷等活性成分加快进入脑组织, 并增加它们在脑组织中浓度和生物利用度。
另外, 银杏黄酮成分能促进人参首乌活性成分二苯乙烯苷、 人参皂苷 Rbl 、 Rgl、 Rd、 Re进入脑组织发挥作用。 人参 和首乌, 配伍银杏叶, 药效作用显著提高; 并可减少毒性成分银杏酸的份额, 降低毒副作用, 增强促进神经再生、 抗脑缺血 损伤和改善学习记忆的药效。 药理上有协同作用、 能发挥更好的抗脑缺血损伤和神经保护及促进神经再生作用。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的中药组合物具有优良的促神经再生作用, 并具有突出的抗脑缺血损伤、 神经保护、 改善学习记忆作用, 而且 主要活性成分明确, 质量稳定, 使用剂量少, 可制成各种控制释放制剂和进行大规模生产, 是一种优良的天然药物和 /或保 健食品。
本发明的药物原料种类少、 制备方法简单易操作, 具有广泛应用价值。
附图说明
图 1. 实施例 1的中药组合物提取物 (WSXN) 经 UHPLC-MS分析得到的指纹图谱;
图 2. 实施例 1的中药组合物提取物 (WSXN) 经 HPLC析得到的黄酮类组分指纹图谱;
图 3. 不同药物对全脑缺血大鼠的体重变化率影响分析图;
图 4. 大鼠脑海马组织 HE染色切片显微镜图;
图 5. 大鼠脑海马组织 CA1区锥体神经细胞显微镜图;
图 6. 各药物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠学习记忆 (定向航行实验寻找平台时间) 的影响分析图;
图 7. 各药物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠空间探索学习记忆 (穿越平台次数) 的影响分析图;
图 8. 各药物处理后大鼠海马组织行 BrdU单标免疫组化反应 (示神经再生) 共聚焦激光扫描显微镜照片效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例来进一步解释本发明, 但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。(以下所述乙醇均按体积百分比计算) 实施例 1 中药复方总提取物的制备(WSXN1 )
首乌 100 kg, 人参 90 kg, 银杏叶 60 kg。
取处方量的人参, 粉碎成粗粉, 分别以药材量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍的 60 %乙醇回流各提取 3次, 每次 2 h, 合并提取 液, 真空减压回收乙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药。
银杏叶处理方法与人参相同, 最终醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药。
首乌以药材量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍的水, 分别煎煮提取 3次, 每次 2 h, 合并 3次水提液, 真空减压浓缩至 lmL提取 液相当于 l g生药材, 加 95%乙醇使含醇量达 70%, 静置过夜, 滤过取乙醇溶液真空减压回收乙醇, 浓缩得至 l g药材 /mL 浓缩醇提取液, 与前述人参、 银杏醇提部分合并得到总醇提取物浓缩液。
将总醇提物浓缩液加到已处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (PD100聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与浓缩 液的用量比是 1kg大孔树脂加浓缩液 2L。依次用 50%、 70%、 80%及 95 %乙醇洗脱,用量分别是 4, 4, 4, 4 L,以 lO mL/min 流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得最终提取物 (WSXN1 ) 10.1 kg。
经 UHPLC-MS测定分析该提取物 (WSXN1 ) 含有二苯乙烯苷、 人参皂苷 Rb^ 人参皂苷 Rgl、 人参皂苷 Rd、 人参皂苷
Re、 银杏内酯、 山柰酚与槲皮素等。 它们的含量如表 1所示。
表 1 WSXN1 的 HPLC含量测定结果 检测项目 含量 (%) 检测项目 含量 (%) 二苯乙烯苷 8.8 人参皂苷 Rbl 4.8 人参皂苷 Rgl 4.2 人参皂苷 Re 3.1 人参皂苷 Rd 1.3 银杏内酯 1.0 山柰酚 0.89 槲皮素 0.86
Figure imgf000006_0001
实施例 2 中药复方总提取物制备(WSXN1-2)
首乌 100 kg, 人参 90 kg, 银杏叶 60 kg。
上述药材, 粉碎成粗粉, 分别以药材量的 12倍、 10倍和 6倍的水, 分别沸煮 2 h、 1.5 h和 l h, 过滤, 合并滤液, 减压 80°C以下浓缩至 1 ml相当于含 lg 生药, 加入 95%乙醇使含醇量达 70% , 静置过夜, 滤过取乙醇溶液真空减压回收乙醇, 浓缩得至 lg药材 /mL浓缩醇提取液, 将总醇提物浓缩液加到已处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (PD100聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子 交换树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与浓缩液的用量比是 lkg大孔树脂加浓缩液 2L。 依次用 50%、 70%、 80%及 95 %乙醇洗脱, 用量分别是 4, 4, 4, 4 L, 以 10 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真 空干燥, 粉碎即得最终提取物 (WSXN1 -2 ) 9.61 kg。
经 UHPLC-MS测定分析该提取物 (WSXN1-2 ) 含有二苯乙烯苷、 人参皂苷 Rb^ 人参皂苷 Rgl、 人参皂苷 Rd、 人参皂 苷 Re、 银杏内酯、 山柰酚与槲皮素等。 它们的含量如表 2所示。
表 2 WSXN1 -2 的 HPLC含量测定结果
实施例 3首乌、 人参、 银杏叶提取物的制备
1首乌提取物 1的制备
取 500 kg首乌粉碎成粗粉, 分别以药材质量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍重的 70 %乙醇回流提取 3次, 每次 2 h, 合并提取 液, 真空减压回收乙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药的总醇提取物; 总醇提取物加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (PD100聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与总醇提取物的用量比是 lkg大孔树脂加总醇提取物 2L。 依 次用 50%、 70%、 80%及 95 %乙醇洗脱, 用量均为 4 L, 以 10 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或 回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得首乌提取物 1 (简称为 EHSW1 )。 首乌提取物 1 的得率在 5.1%; 其中二苯 乙烯苷含量为 20.8%。
2 首乌提取物 2的制备
取 500kg的首乌粉碎成粗粉, 分别以药材质量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍重的水, 分别煎煮提取 3次, 每次 2 h, 合并 3 次水提液, 真空减压浓缩至 1 g药材 /mL提取液, 加 95%乙醇使含醇量达 70%, 静置过夜, 滤过取乙醇溶液真空减压回收乙 醇,浓缩得浓缩液。并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药的首乌粗提取物;浓缩液加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂(PD100 聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与浓缩液的用量比是 lkg大孔树脂加浓缩液 2L。 依次用 50%、 70%、 80%及 95 %乙醇洗脱, 用量均为 4 L, 以 10 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成 稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得首乌提取物 2 (简称为 EHSW2 )。 首乌提取物 2的得率在 10%; 其中二苯乙烯苷含量为 10.2%。 3 人参提取物 1的制备
取 500 kg的人参粉碎成粗粉, 以药材质量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍重的 60 %乙醇分别回流各提取 3次, 每次 2 h, 合并 提取液, 真空减压回收乙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 l mL相当于 l g生药, 得到浓缩液; 加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂(PD100 聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂)上,大孔树脂与浓缩液的用量比是 lkg大孔树脂加浓缩液 2.5L。依次用 60%、 70%、 80%及 95 %乙醇洗脱, 用量均为 5 L, 以 12 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成 稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得人参提取物 1(ERS1)。 提取物的得率在 5%; 其中人参总皂苷含量为 30.3%。
4 人参提取物 2的制备
取 500 kg的人参粉碎成粗粉, 以药材质量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍的 75 %丙醇分别回流各提取 3次, 每次 2 h, 合并提 取液, 真空减压回收丙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药; 加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (PD800聚苯乙烯弱 碱性阴离子交换树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与醇提液的用量比是 1kg大孔树脂加醇提液 2.2L。 依次用 60%、 70%、 80%和 95 %乙醇洗脱, 用量分别是 4.5, 4, 3.5, 4 L, 以 10 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得人参提取物 2(ERS2)。 提取物的得率在 4.32%; 其中人参总皂苷含量为 29.6%。
5 银杏叶提取物 1的制备
取 500 kg的银杏叶粉碎成粗粉, 以药材质量的 10倍、 8倍和 6倍的 70 %乙醇分别回流提取 3次, 各次分别 2.0 h、 1.5 h和 1.5 h,合并各提取液,真空减压回收乙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药,加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (PD800 聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂)上,大孔树脂与醇提液的用量比是 1kg大孔树脂加醇提液 2.2L。依次用 60%、 70%、 80%和 95 %乙醇洗脱, 用量分别是 4.5, 4, 3.5, 4 L, 以 10 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干燥; 或回 收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得银杏叶提取物 1 (EGB1 ) , 得率在 2.5%; 银杏内酯含量为 6.2%、 山柰酚含量 为 5.6%、 槲皮素含量为 5.8% 银杏酸含量为 <5 ppm。
6 银杏叶提取物 2的制备
取 500 kg的银杏叶粉碎成粗粉, 以药材质量 10倍、 8倍和 6倍重的 70 %乙醇分别回流提取 3次, 各次分别 2.0 h, 1.5 h, 1.5 h, 合并提取液, 真空减压回收乙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药, 调 pH值为 6.0, 加于已处理好的大 孔吸附树脂 (聚酰胺型树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与浓缩液的用量比是 lkg大孔树脂加醇提液 2.0L。 依次用 60%、 70%、 80% 和 95%乙醇洗脱, 用量分别是 4.5 L, 5 L, 3.5 L, 3 L, 以 10 mL/min流速洗脱, 收集相应 70%, 80%乙醇洗脱液, 回收乙 醇, 干燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎即得银杏叶黄酮提取物 2-A (EGB2-A) 2.25 kg, 得率在 0.45%。 其中山柰酚含量为 15.1%, 槲皮素含量为 16.0%, 银杏酸含量为 <5 ppm。
上述 60%乙醇和 95%乙醇洗脱液收集相应洗脱液,回收乙醇并使醇提部分浓度为 1 mL相当于 1 g生药,调 pH值为 8.0, 加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂 (PD800聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂) 上, 大孔树脂与醇提液的用量比是 lkg大孔 树脂加醇提液 2.0L。 依次用 60%、 70%、 80%和 95%乙醇洗脱, 用量分别是 4.5 L, 4 L, 3.5 L, 5 L, 以 lO mL/min流速 洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇,干燥;或回收乙醇,浓缩成稠膏药,真空干燥,粉碎即得银杏叶内酯提取物 2-B (EGB2-B ) 2.35 kg, 得率在 0.47%。 其中银杏内酯含量为 40.8%, 山柰酚含量为 2.7%, 槲皮素含量为 2.8%, 银杏酸含量为 <5 ppm。 实施例 4 乌参醒脑方 2 (WSXN2) 的制备
选用实施例 3中所得各提取物:
首乌提取物 1 (二苯乙烯苷含量为 20.8% ) 9 kg;
人参提取物 1 (人参总皂苷含量为 30.3% ) 9 kg;
银杏叶提取物 1 (银杏内酯含量为 6.2%、 山柰酚含量为 5.6%、 槲皮素含量为 5.8% 银杏酸含量为 <5 ppm) 3.6 kg。 称取处方量上述三种提取物, 按等量递增法混合均匀。 即得一种促进神经再生、 防治脑缺血疾病和老年痴呆的复方中药 提取物 (WSXN2) , 经 UHPLC-MS分析得到的指纹图谱如附图 1、 图 2所示, 该提取物经测定含有二苯乙烯苷、 人参皂苷 Rb! , 人参皂苷 Rgl、 人参皂苷 Rd、 人参皂苷 Re、 银杏内酯、 山柰酚与槲皮素等成分。 它们的含量如表 3所示。
表 3 WSXN2的 HPLC含量测定结果
检测项目 含量 (%) 检测项目 含量 (%)
二苯乙烯苷 8.6 人参皂苷 Rbl 4.5
人参皂苷 Rgl 4.3 人参皂苷 Re 3.0
人参皂苷 Rd 1.1 银杏内酯 1.0
山柰酚 0.88 槲皮素 0.89
银杏酸 1PPM 实施例 5乌参醒脑方 3 (WSXN3) 的制备
选用实施例 2中所得各提取物:
首乌提取物 2 (二苯乙烯苷含量为 10.2% ) 15kg;
人参提取物 2 (人参总皂苷含量为 29.6% ) 10kg;
银杏叶提取物 2 [银杏内酯提取物 (EGB2-B, 含量为 40.8%)1.0g+银杏黄酮提取物 (EGB2-A, 山柰酚含量为 15.1%、 槲皮 素含量为 16.0%)] 3 kg。
称取处方量上述三种提取物, 按等量递增法混合均匀。 即得一种促进神经再生、 防治脑缺血疾病和老年痴呆的复方中药 提取物 (WSXN3 ) , UHPLC-MS分析, 经测定该提取物含有二苯乙烯苷、 人参皂苷 Rb^ 人参皂苷 Rgl、 人参皂苷 Rd、 人 参皂苷 Re、 银杏内酯、 山柰酚与槲皮素等。 它们的含量如表 4所示。
表 4 WSXN3 的 HPLC含量测定结果
Figure imgf000008_0001
实施例 6乌参醒脑方 4 (WSXN4) 的制备
首乌提取物 9 kg (二苯乙烯苷含量 20.5%、 由浙江宁波华立植物开发有限公司购进) ;
人参提取物 9 kg (总皂苷含量 30.5%, 从吉林省宏久生物科技股份有限公司购进);
银杏叶提取物 3.5kg [总银杏内酯含量 6.1%;总黄酮 24.3% (槲皮素含量 4.8%和山柰酚含量 4.6%), 银杏酸 <5ppm; 由浙江 华立植物开发有限公司购进]。
取首乌提取物、 人参皂苷提取物、 银杏叶提取物、 按等量递增法混匀制成一种促进神经再生、 防治脑缺血疾病和血管 性痴呆的复方中药提取物组合物 WSXN4) 21.5kg。
进行 UHPLC-MS分析, 经测定该组合物含有二苯乙烯苷、 人参皂苷 Rb^ 人参皂苷 Rgl、 人参皂苷 Rd、 人参皂苷 Re、 银杏内酯、 山柰酚与槲皮素。 它们的含量如表 5所示。
表 5 WSXN4 的 HPLC含量测定结果
Figure imgf000008_0002
实施例 7乌参醒脑滴丸(WSXN5) 的制备
乌参醒脑方 2 (WSXN2) 7 kg, PEG-6000 7 kg , PEG-4000 7kg, 按滴丸常规制法制成每粒 72mg滴丸, 抛光, 质 检包装。 共制得乌参醒脑滴丸 29.16万粒, 每粒含 WSXN2 24mg。
用 HPLC方法测定滴丸 (SWXN5)中各有效成分含量, 结果如下表: 表 6 WSXN5 的 HPLC含量测定结果
Figure imgf000009_0001
用此滴丸胶囊进行临床试用治疗血管性痴呆, 每天 3次, 每次 10粒, 连服 90天, 结果病人记忆力在治疗组治疗后有 明显加强, 总有效率为 76.7%。
实施例 8乌参醒脑片 (WSXN6) 的制备
取实施例 1的提取物 WSXN 1 8kg, 加淀粉 5kg, 糊精 7kg, 混匀, 加 75%酒精制粒, 60 °C干燥, 整粒, 加硬 脂酸镁适量, 压片, 包欧巴代或其它薄膜衣, 共制得 100万片。 每片重 0.20g, 含 WSXN 1 80mg/片, 用 HPLC方 法测定, 每片中各有效成分含量结果如下:
表 7 乌参醒脑片 (WSXN6 ) 的 HPLC含量测定结果
Figure imgf000009_0002
实施例 9乌参醒脑软胶囊 (WSXN7) 的制备
组合物 WSXN1 7.2 kg, 明胶 7.2 kg , 大豆油 7.2 kg , 按软胶囊常规制法制成每粒重 0.36g的软胶囊, 质检包装。 共制得乌参醒脑软胶囊 12万粒, 每粒含 WSXN1 120mg。 用 HPLC方法测定软胶囊 WSXN7中各有效成分含量,结果如 下表。
表 8 乌参醒脑片 (WSXN7 ) 的 HPLC含量测定结果
Figure imgf000009_0003
用此软胶囊进行临床试用治疗动脉硬化症, 每天 3次, 每次 2粒, 连服 90天, 结果病人记忆力在治疗组治疗后有明显 加强, 总有效率为 76.7%。
实施例 10乌参醒脑胶囊 (WSXN8) 的制备
将 WSXN3组合物 15 kg, 加淀粉 9 kg , 糊精 6 kg混合均匀后干法制粒, 60Γ干燥, 整粒, 填充 2号胶囊, 抛光, 质检包装。 每粒重 0.25g, 共制得胶囊 12万粒, 每粒 0.25g, 含 WSXN3 0.125g/粒。
用 HPLC方法测定复方乌参醒脑胶囊中各有效成分含量, 结果如下表。
表 9 乌参醒脑胶囊 (WSXN8 ) 的 HPLC含量测定结果 检测项目 含量 (mg/粒) 检测项目 含量 (mg/粒)
人参皂苷 Rbl 3. 74 二苯乙烯苷 6. 61
人参皂苷 Rgl 3. 61 银杏内酯 1. 74
人参皂苷 Rd 0. 53 槲皮素 2. 07
人参皂苷 Re 3. 14 山柰酚 1. 94
用此胶囊进行临床试用治疗血管性痴呆,每天 3次,每次 1粒,连服 90天,结果病人记忆力在治疗组治疗后有明显加强, 总有效率为 76.7%。
当然, 本发明不限于上述的剂型, 也可以制成注射剂, 但需进一步做毒性等药效试验。 如 WSXN 添加助 溶剂, 按粉针剂要求制成粉针剂。 每瓶含 WSXN240mg。
实施例 11乌参醒脑方抗脑缺血损伤、 改善学习记忆的作用
1. 实验材料
实验药物: 实施例 1乌参醒脑方 (WSXN1 ) 和人参首乌提取物 (简称 RSSW) 由广东药学院中医药研究院提供, 阳性 对照药金纳多片 (EGB761 , 德国威玛舒培博士药厂生产); 应用时用 1% 羧甲基纤维素钠 (CMC-Na) 将各药物配制成混悬 液灌胃。
试剂: 无水乙醇、 二甲苯、 石蜡、 磷酸氢二钠、 磷酸二氢钠、 甲醛、 氯化钠等均为国产分析纯。
仪器: 电热恒温培培养箱 (上海), Leica RM2135轮转式组织切片机 (德国), 光学显微镜 ( Olympus BX51 )。
实验动物: 雄性、 体重 220~280g的 Sprague-Dawley大鼠, 清洁级标准, 由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供(合格证号: 粵检证字第 2008A053号)。 实验温度控制在 25±1 °C, 灯光控制 12小时光, 12小时暗, 自由饮水和食用动物伺料。 伺养 3 天后开始实验。
2. 实验方法
( 1 ) 分组与给药
将大鼠按体重大小排序、 编号; 用随机区组分组法随机分成 6个组, A: 假手术组 (Sham) , B: 模型组 (Model) , C: WSXN 1高剂量组(80mg kg), D: WSXN1低剂量组(40mg kg), E: RSSW组 120mg kg), H:阳性药物 EGB761 (40.0mg kg) , 每组 10只。
(2 ) 实验安排
假手术组和模型组大鼠在造模前 5天、 术后 14天每天 1% CMC-Na灌胃 1次, 手术当天术前 2小时灌胃 1次。 其余药 物组分别按各自的剂量在造模前 5天、 术后 14天每天灌胃给药, 手术当天术前 2小时灌胃 1次。 在术后 2天、 5天、 8天和 12 天称体重后, 进行体重变化率评价。 (体重变化率 =(B— Α)/Αχ 100%, Α:第一天体重, B:当天体重)。 术后每天观察大鼠 行为, 第 8天让大鼠自由游泳 2分钟以适应周围环境, 第 9天开始进行 Morris水迷宫测试, 历时 6天, 测试期间照常给药。 术后第 15天处死动物, 每组随机选择 5只大鼠取全脑保存于 4%多聚甲醛中, 用于做脑切片进行整片的 HE染色观察各组的 脑缺血损伤程度; 并且进行大脑海马尼氏染色观察各组的 CA1区锥体细胞的损伤程度。
(3 ) 改良 Pulsindli 四血管阻断法制造 VD大鼠模型
大鼠腹腔麻醉后, 行背侧颈正中切口, 逐层钝性分离, 暴露双侧第 1颈椎横突翼小孔, 用直径约 0.15mm的电凝针灼烧双 侧翼小孔内的椎动脉, 造成永久性闭塞, 再将大鼠仰卧固定, 行腹侧颈正中切口, 钝性分离双侧颈总动脉, 以 4号丝线穿线 备用。 24h后, 用微动脉夹夹闭双侧颈总动脉 15min, 局部伤口缝合前, 以磺胺粉局部喷洒处理防止感染, 术后 3天给予青霉 素 2U /kg肌肉注射抗感染。 假手术组步骤同上, 不做缺血处理。
评价造模成功的标准: 夹闭双侧颈总动脉 10s左右, 大鼠出现意识丧失、 双侧瞳孔扩大、 角膜反射和翻正反射消失, 并 在 15min缺血期内意识和上述反射均未恢复者, 表示造模成功, 方可实施再灌注。 在缺血期死亡或仅出现昏睡以及在整个过 程中出现抽搐的大鼠均被废弃。
(4 ) Morris水迷宫实验
定向航行实验 (Place navigation test):
该实验用于测试动物的学习记忆能力。 在手术后第 8天让大鼠自由游泳 2分钟以适应周围环境, 从第 9天开始进行 Morris 水迷宫测试, 每只大鼠每天训练 3次, 即每天训练 3个入水点, 每次间隔 2~3小时, 实验历时 5天。 训练时随机选择入水点, 将大鼠面向侧壁放入水中, 待大鼠找到平台之后, 让其在平台上停留 10秒, 观察并记录大鼠寻找平台时间(Latency ofthe rats to reach the platform )„ 以寻找平台时间即潜伏期作为检测学习记忆的指标。 训练时, 如果大鼠在 90秒内未找到平台, 需用手 将其引至平台, 这时潜伏期记为 90秒, 连续 5天。
空间探索实验( Spatial probe test):
手术后第 14天后进行空间探索实验。 撤除平台, 从离目标象限最远的一个入水点将大鼠面向侧壁放入水中, 记录大鼠 90秒内在目标象限正对的象限中的探索路程和穿越平台次数以观察记忆能力。
(5 ) 数据处理
实验数据用 meani SEM表示, 用 SPSS 13.0软件重复测量数据的方差分析进行差异显著性检验。
3. 实验结果
( 1 ) 对大鼠体重变化率的影响:
如图 3所示, 假手术组术后体重呈增长趋势, 模型组由于全脑缺血引起的损伤, 造成体重增长慢甚至有体重下降现象。 (各时间点与给药前比较)体重变化率, 与假手术组同时间点比较, 模型组造模后 2天、 5天、 8天和 12天均有显著性差异。 同时间点体重变化率与模型组相比, WSXN1高剂量组在术后 5天、 8天和 12天有显著性差异; 阳性对照组在术后 8天和 12天有显著性差异, 表明给予这些药物可改善脑缺血引起的体重下降。
(2 ) 对脑组织缺血损伤的影响
正常大鼠脑海马组织光学显微镜下组织形态: 低倍镜下, 假手术组大鼠脑海马组织显 "C"形, 分为 CA1、 CA2、 CA3区, CAl区有 3~4层锥体细胞,排列整齐(图 4、图 5 ) ;高倍镜下,锥体细胞核大而圆,有 1~2个核仁,锥体细胞密度为 172.1±17.4 (表 10)。
大鼠经 Pulsinelli四血管阻断、 前脑缺血模型成功的大鼠立即出现意识消失、 翻正反射消失和瞳孔扩大。 前脑缺血再灌 注 7 天, 可见动物整体状况不佳, 大鼠外观活动明显减少, 皮毛耸耸, 不光滑, 体重减轻; 大鼠脑组织细胞明显损伤、 海 CA1区锥体细胞已大部分死亡, 细胞碎片散乱分布 (表 10)。
给予不同剂量的乌参醒脑方 (WSXN1 )、 人参首乌提取物 (RSSW) 和银杏提取物片 (EGB761 ) , 动物整体状况改善, 大鼠外观活动正常, 皮毛光滑, 体重减轻不明显; 缺血再灌注后动物存活数比模型对照组明显多; 与模型组比较, CA1 区 活锥体细胞密度显著增加, 不少 CA1 区细胞形态正常、 大鼠脑海马组织细胞形态得到明显改善。 低、 高剂量乌参醒脑方组 活锥体细胞密度比模型组明显增加, 且显一定剂量依赖性 (尸<0.01, 见表 10和图 4、 图 5 WSXN1 )。 实验表明乌参醒脑方 和人参首乌提取物 (RSSW) 对急性前脑缺血再灌注所致大鼠脑海马 CA1区神经元损伤和整体大鼠损伤有明显保护作用。
阳性对照药银杏提取物片 40.0mg kg组的大鼠脑海马 CA1区锥体神经细胞密度也比模型组明显增加 (尸<0.05, 表 10、 图 5 EGB761组)。 提示银杏提取物片对缺血再灌注所致大鼠脑海马组织细胞损伤也有明显保护作用。
从抗脑缺血损伤药效学研究结果看,乌参醒脑方的药效好于同类产品国际标杆药物德国威玛舒培博士药厂进口的银杏叶 提取物片 (金纳多片 EGB761 ) 和复方人参首乌。
表 10 乌参醒脑方等对前脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马 CA1锥体神经细胞的保护作用
Figure imgf000011_0001
注: 与正常对照组比较 **尸<0.01; 与模型组比较 : **P<0.01
(3 ) 对学习记忆的影响 通过定向航行实验, 选取最重要的指标寻找平台时间即潜伏期进行分析,检测了药物对全脑缺血大鼠学习记忆能力损伤 的保护作用。 结果见图 6, 模型组较假手术组的潜伏期显著延长, 表明全脑缺血导致学习记忆能力的下降。 而 WSXN1高、 低剂量组, RSSW组和阳性对照组 EGB的潜伏期均比模型组缩短, 其中高低剂量 WSXN1最显著, 说明高、低剂量 WSXN1 对脑缺血诱导的学习记忆损伤最具保护作用。
全脑缺血大鼠空间探索实验, 选取重要的指标穿越平台次数和在目标象限探索路程进行分析。 结果如图 '7所示。 结果显示各组大鼠 90秒内穿越平台次数(即穿越原平台所在位置)模型组较假手术组显著下降,而低、高剂量 WSXN1 一定程度地增加脑缺血大鼠穿越平台次数, 表明高、 低剂量 WSXN1对全脑缺血导致的空间记忆损伤可能存在保护作用。 同 时, 如图 7所示, 与假手术组相比, 模型组大鼠 90秒内在原平台所在象限 (即目的象限) 的探索路程显著性缩短, 说明 全脑缺血导致大鼠的空间记忆力能力的显著下降, 除了阳性对照药以外, 各给药组均显示改善全脑缺血大鼠空间记忆能力 的趋势, 其中 WSXN1高、 低剂量组大鼠在目的象限的探索路程显著性缩短, 具有统计学差异, 表明高、 低剂量 WSXN1 对全脑缺血导致的空间记忆损伤有显著的保护作用。
Morris水迷宫结果显示各组的游泳速度无统计学差异, 表明 Morris水迷宫各观察指标的差异主要由学习记忆和空间 记忆能力决定。 定向航行实验表明, 全脑缺血导致学习记忆能力的下降, 而 WSXN 1高、 低剂量组, RSSW组和阳性对 照组 EGB761的潜伏期均比模型组缩短, 其中低剂量 WSXN1对脑缺血诱导的学习记忆损伤最具保护作用。 同时, 空间探 索实验表明, 全脑缺血导致大鼠的空间记忆力能力下降, WSXN 1高、 低剂量组大鼠在目的象限的探索路程显著性缩短, 其中高、 低剂量 WSXN1 对脑缺血诱导的学习记忆损伤最具保护作用。 同时, 空间探索实验表明, 全脑缺血导致大鼠的 空间记忆力能力下降, WSXN 1高、低剂量组大鼠在目的象限的探索路程显著性缩短, 表明 WSXN1对全脑缺血导致的空 间记忆损伤有显著的保护作用。
从抗脑缺血损伤、防治中风和血管痴呆药效学研究结果看, 乌参醒脑方的药效好于同类产品国际标杆药物德国威玛舒培 博士药厂进口的银杏叶提取物片 (金纳多 EGB761 ) 和复方人参首乌。
实施例 12乌参醒脑方对脑缺血神经再生的影响
( 1 ) 实验材料
10周龄 SD大鼠, 雄性, 250~350g, 由广东省医学实验动物中心提供; 银杏提取物片 (金纳多 EGB761 , 德国威玛舒培 博士药厂生产);人参首乌提取物(RSSW),乌参醒脑方提取物(WSXN2 )均由本实验室提供。 5- bromodeox yuridine ( BrdU, sigma 公司); 小鼠抗 BrdU 单克隆抗体 (CST公司), 辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗小鼠 IgG( H+ L), 山羊抗小鼠 Cy 5, 抗荧光淬 灭封片液, DAB 辣根过氧化物酶显色试剂盒( 碧云天生物技术研究所, 江苏海门) 。
主要仪器: C02孵箱 (美国 Heraeus HERAcell 150) ; 倒置荧光显微镜 (德国 ZEISS AXIO OBSERVER A1 ) ; 石蜡标本 包埋机 (德国 Leica-2000 型) ; 石蜡标本切片机 (德国 Leica-2135 型) ; 自动显微摄影系统和彩色细胞图像分析仪 (德国 AxioVision Rel. 4.7 ) ; 显微镜 (日本 Olympus BX-51 型) ; 共聚焦激光扫描显微镜摄像 (日本 Olympus LSM-GB200 ) 。
(2 ) 实验方法
大鼠随机分为假手术组(SH)、缺血模型组(Mo)、 EGB 761金纳多银杏提取物片 (EGB 761, 40 mg/ kg ), RSSW组 (120 mg/ kg ), WSXN2高、 低剂量组 (WSXN2 80、 40mg / kg)„ 给药组于脑缺血前预先给予各相应剂量药物 5 d。
大鼠用 10%水合氯醛(300 mg/ kg, ip) 麻醉, 建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型 (MCAO) 2 h后进行再灌注, 再灌注 时间持续 7 d。 在再灌注 24 h, 各组大鼠进行行为学评分。 采用 5分制行为学评分标准: 行为正常为 0分, 右前爪不能完全伸展 为 1分, 自发转圈或向右侧行进为 2分, 仅在受到刺激时行进为 3分, 对刺激无反应为 4分。 以评分在 1~3之间的大鼠为实验对 象。
给药组大鼠于脑缺血再灌注前 5 d 开始按分组剂量给予各种药物; 末次给药 24 h后, 大鼠 L p. BrdL 100 mg kg, 连续 3d, 间隔 24h)。 最后 1次注射 BrdU后 6h处死大鼠。 立即分离海马行 BrdU单标免疫组化反应。
神经再生的荧光标记: 组织切片在含 BrdU ( 10 mo l/ L)的溶液中加热(85 °C, 5 min), 2 mol/ L HC1中孵育( RT, 30min), 0.1 mol/ L硼酸(pH 8.5)中漂洗 lOrnin, 含 1% H202的 PBS中孵育 30 min, PBS (含 3%正常山羊血清, 0.3% ( w/v ) Triton X 100 和 0. 1%BSA)中封闭 l h(室温), 接着用小鼠抗 BrdU单克隆抗体(1 : 200)孵育( 4 °C过夜)。 用山羊抗小鼠 Cy5( l : 1000)孵育, 漂洗, 晾干, 用荧光封片剂包埋, 对照组组织切片处理省去一抗血清。 每只动物取 5张切片进行共聚焦激光扫描显微镜摄像 并分析, 实验结果见图 8 ( SH为假缺血对照组; Mo为缺血组; EGB761为银杏提取物组; RSSW为人参首乌提取物组; WSXN 为乌参醒脑方提取物。 图中小点示实验大鼠海马区再生神经元数量) 。
数据分析结果表明, 模型组大鼠在脑缺血再灌注后 24 h 出现了明显的行为学异常( 与对照组比, 尸<0.01), 各给药组大 鼠的行为学评分均低于模型组 (与模型组比, 尸 <0.01), WSXN2高剂量组显著低于 EGB761和 RSSW组 (尸 <0.01), 见表 11 表 11 药物对脑缺血再灌注 24 h大鼠后海马神经行为评分的影响 (X±SD, n= 6)
Figure imgf000013_0001
注: 与假手术组比较, #尸<0.05 # P<0.01; 与模型组比较, *尸<0.05, **尸 <0.01
与 EGB761比较, §§尸<0.01; 与 RSSW组比较, 5 ^尸 <0.01
为了确定脑缺血再灌注后海马神经的再生情况, 采用激光共聚焦显微镜分析了各组大鼠的海马神经 (图 8)。 结果表明, 模型组大鼠海马区 BrdlT细胞数明显增力 M与对照组比, 尸<0.01); EGb761组、 RSSW组和 WSXN2组大鼠海马区 BrdU+细 胞数增加更显著( 与模型组比, 尸<0.01)。 其中, WSXN2高剂量组对大鼠海马区 BrdlT细胞增加最显著, 增加值显著好于其 它给药组。 见表 12, 图 8
表 12 大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马神经的再生 (X±SD,n= 6)
Figure imgf000013_0002
注: 与假手术组比较, #尸<0.05 # P<0.01; 与模型组比较, *尸<0.05, **尸 <0.01 实施例 13乌参醒脑方对 P-淀粉样蛋白 25-35(Ap25.35)所致小鼠海马神经元损伤的保护作用
阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer's disease, AD) 是老年人常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病。 β-淀粉样蛋白在 AD发病中起重要作 用, 本发明用 β-淀粉样蛋白 25-35(Αβ25_35)所致小鼠海马神经元损伤的诱导 AD模型。 研究乌参醒脑方、 人参首乌提取物和银 杏叶提取物对此模型 AD的防治药效。
1. 实验动物: 健康雌性 C57BL/6 小鼠 40 只, 体质量( 20±2) g , 由广东省实验动物中心提供。 将其置于 (25±2.0)°C室温 下, 12~12h昼夜循环光照, 自由进食、 饮水。 实验前动物适应实验室环境 1周。
2. 药品及试剂: WSXN1 RSSW, EGB761由广东药学院中医药研究院提供; Αβ25_3:*自美国 Sigma 公司; 逆转录试剂 盒购自美国 Promega 公司。 Tag DNA聚合酶购自日本 T AKARA公司。 其余试剂均为国产分析纯。
3. 凝聚态 Αβ25_35的制备: 将 1π¾Αβ25_35 溶于 lmL 灭菌生理盐水中, 浓度为 lmm0l/L。 密封后置于 37°C 细胞培养箱中 孵育 96h, 使其变为凝聚态的 Αβ25_35, 放在 4°C冰箱中备用。
4. 小鼠 AD模型的制备及给药
578176小鼠经水合氯醛(4001¾/1¾) 麻醉后, 切除双侧卵巢。 手术 10d 后, 将小鼠随机分为对照组、 Αβ25_35组、 Ap25_35+WSXN1组、 Ap25_35 + RSSW组及 Αβ25_35 + ΕΟΒ761组, 每组 10只。 对照组小鼠侧脑室注射生理盐水。 其他组小鼠侧脑 室注射 1 mmol/L Αβ25.35制备 AD 小鼠模型。模型制备 3d后,对照组与 Αβ25_35组小鼠灌胃生理盐水 5 mL/kg, Ap25_35+WSXN1 组 小鼠灌胃 WSXN1(80 mgkg );Αβ RSSW 组小鼠灌胃 RSSW (120 mgkg); Αβ25.35+ EGB761组小鼠灌胃 EGB761 (40mgkg)。 连续用药 14d
5. Morris水迷宫训练及测试
自给药第 8天开始水迷宫训练, 共 7d。 将特制水迷宫平台放于第 4象限, 每只小鼠每天检测 2次, 排除平台所在象限, 在 其他 3个象限的中间贴壁放入小鼠。 以小鼠上台 10s不再下水认为一次测试完成; 不能上台的小鼠记录满 90s, 并引导小鼠到 平台, 使其在平台上持续 30 s, 以强化记忆。 摄下小鼠的游泳过程, 共记录 1周, 此为小鼠的学习过程。 学习过程结束后 1周, 撤去平台, 测试小鼠的空间记忆能力 (以小鼠在 90 s内穿越平台所在位置的次数表示)。 然后, 经水合氯醛麻醉小鼠, 取小鼠 新鲜海马组织, 储存于 -80Γ冰箱, 用于基因检测。
6. 统计学分析: 实验结果以 ±s表示, 组间比较用 SSPS13. 0 统计软件进行单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA), 并以 Tukey法进行两两比较。
7. 实验结果
表 13 WSXN1等药物对 Αβ25_35诱导的 AD小鼠学习记忆能力和 Bcl-2基因表达的影响
Figure imgf000014_0001
与对照组相比, F=11.3~19.61, q= 5. 848-9.186, **尸< 0. 01; 与 Αβ 组相比, # q= 5. 848~ 9.186, **尸< 0. 01。
( 1 ) WSXN1对 Αβ25_35诱导的小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响
训练至第 7天时, Αβ25_35组的潜伏期比对照组明显延长(尸 < 0.01); 而 WSXN1、 RSSW和 EGB761 给药组的潜伏期较 Αβ25_35模型组明显缩短(P O.01) ; 训练结束 1周后, 撤掉平台, 与对照组小鼠相比较, Αβ25_35组小鼠穿越平台的次数明显减 少; 而 WSXN1、 RSSW和 EGB761灌胃给药可明显改善 Αβ25_35组小鼠的记忆能力。 详见表 13。
(2 ) WSXN1对 Αβ25_35诱导的小鼠海马 bcl-2基因表达的影响
Αβ25-35侧脑室注射可明显降低小鼠海马组织中 bcl-2基因的表达, 而 WSXN1、 RSSW和 EGB761灌胃给药可改善 Αβ25_35的这 种损伤作用, 增加抗凋亡基因 bcl-2 基因的表达, 保护小鼠大脑神经元损伤。
上述结果提示: WSXNK RSSW和 EGB761对阿尔茨海默病(AD)有防治药效。乌参醒脑方的药效与人参首乌提取物和银 杏叶提取物比较有一定的优越性。
实施例 14银杏叶提取物促进人参皂苷成分进入脑组织
( 1 ) 实验材料
试药: 乌参醒脑方 (WSXN) 和人参首乌提取物 (RSSX)、 人参皂苷提取物 (ERS )、 何首乌提取物 (EHSW)、 阳性对 照银杏叶提取物 (EGB761 ) 由广东药学院中医药研究院提供, 各试药应用 1% 羧甲基纤维素钠 (CMC-Na) 配制成混悬液 灌胃。
人参皂苷 Rgl、 Re、 Rbl 对照品:(购自中国药品生物制品检定所, 批号分别为 110703 - 200424、 110754 -20042 K 110704 - 200420)。
试剂: 色谱纯甲醇、 乙腈、 磷酸、 甲酸、 无水乙醇、 等均为德国进口。 水为超纯水 (蒸馏水再经过 Millipore超纯水系统 制备:)。
仪器:美国 AB公司 AB 14000 Q TRAP三级四极杆质谱仪,配有电喷雾离子源( ESI);美国 Agilent公司 -1100液相色谱系统; 美国 Waters固相萃取仪, Waters Oasis HLB柱。
实验动物: 雌雄各半、 体重 220~250g的 Sprague-Dawley大鼠, 清洁级标准, 由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供 (合格 证号: 粵检证字第 2008A053号)。 4只一笼。 温度控制在 25 °C±1 °C, 灯光控制 12小时光, 12小时暗, 自由饮水和食用动物 伺料。 伺养 3天后开始实验。
(2 ) 试验方法
给药: 大鼠随机分成 WSXN、 RSSW, ERS、 EHSW和银杏叶提取物阳性对照 (EGB761 ) 和正常对照 6组, 每组 6只, 分 别灌胃给药 WSXN 120 mg/kg、RSSW lOOmg kg. ERS 50 mg kg、EHSW 50 mg/kg、EGb761 20 mg/kg和生理盐水,按 0.2mL /100g (体质量)的容量用溶媒调整药物浓度。 其中 WSXN、 RSSW和 ERS三者含有相同剂量 15mg/kg的人参总皂苷; WSXN、 RSSW 和 EHSW三者含有相同剂量 lOmg kg的二苯乙烯苷, 而 WSXN和 EGB761组含有等量 EGB (银杏叶提取物) (12mg/kg) 。 分 别于给药后 0, 30、 60、 120、 240min股动脉取血约 5mL, 股动脉放血于肝素处理的试管中, 离心取血浆。 取血后即刻处死动 物, 分别取同侧大脑皮层, -20Γ冰箱保存至分析。
其中, WSXN 120mg/kg [相当于 (人参总皂苷 15mg+二苯乙烯苷 10mg+EGB 20mg)/kg], RSSW 100mg kg [相当于 (人参总 皂苷 15mg +二苯乙烯苷 10mg)/kg], ERS 50 mg kg (相当于人参总皂苷 15mg /kg), EHSW 50 mg kg (相当于二苯乙烯苷 10mg/kg); EGB 20 mg kg和生理盐水。
(3) 药物浓度测定
①样品处理
血浆: 用 Waters固相萃取仪, Waters Oasis HLB 柱依次用甲醇和水各 2 mL活化, 取血浆 0.5 mL减压恒速通过 SPE柱, 然 后用水 2 mL清洗小柱, 抽干; 最后用甲醇 2 mL洗脱, 收集洗脱液, 35 °C水浴氮气流下吹干, 残留物用流动相 500 充分溶 解后, 过 0.45μπι滤膜, 取 5μί进样, 进行 HPLC /MS/MS分析。
脑组织: 大鼠相应组织 O.lg左右, 加 l. OmL超纯水, 用高速组织粉碎机制成匀浆后, 振荡 5 min, 18000 r/min离心 5 min, 取上清 0.5 mL减压恒速通过 SPE柱, 然后用水 2 mL清洗小柱, 抽干; 最后用甲醇 2 mL洗脱, 收集洗脱液, 35 °C水浴氮气流 下吹干, 残留物用流动相 500 充分溶解后, 过 0.45μπι滤膜, 取 5μί进样, 进行 HPLC /MS/MS分析。
②分析条件
色谱条件: 色谱柱为 RESTEKPinnacleIIC18柱 (50mm x211 mm, 5 μπι); 柱温: 20°C; 流速为 200 μΙ7πύη; 流动相为 A 水 (体积分数 0.5%。甲酸), B乙腈 (体积分数 0.5%。甲酸), 梯度洗脱(0〜121^11, 流动相 B体积分数 20%〜50%; 12〜12.1min, 流 动相 B体积分数 50%〜20%; 12.1〜21 min, 流动相 B体积分数 20%)。
质谱条件: 电喷雾 ESI离子源, 气帘气为 lOpsi, 雾化气(GAS1 ) 为 40psi, 加热辅助气( GAS2 ) 为 40psi, 碰撞气 CAD 为 Medium, 喷雾电压 IS为 5.5 Κν, 雾化温度为 500 °C, 检测方式为正离子多离子反应检测 (MRM), 用于定量分析的离子为 m /z Rg! 832.8→ 643.6; Re 969.8→ 789.7; Rb! 1132.1→ 365.3ο
③ HPLC法测定血浆和脑组织匀浆中二苯乙烯苷含量
采用 C18色谱柱(250mm x4.6mm, 5 μπι), 以虎杖苷为内标, 乙腈: 甲醇: 0. 1%冰醋酸( 12: 10: 78 )为流动相, 检测 波长 320 nm, 流速为 1.0 mL/min。
(4) 结果与讨论
各组不同时间点的 Rbl、 Rgl和 Re在大鼠脑组织中的浓度, 见表 14~17。
表 14可见, WSXN组的不同时间点的 Rbl在大鼠脑组织中的浓度比 RSSW和 ERS组显著升高, 而正常对照和 EGB组不同 时间点的大鼠脑组织中未检出 Rbl。 说明 EGB的存在能显著促进 WSXN方中 Rbl进入脑组织, 有利于在脑组织中发挥药效作 用。
表 各组不同时间点的 Rbl在大鼠脑组织中的浓度 (ng/g, X ±S)
Figure imgf000015_0001
'与 ERS组比较, 尸 <0.01; **与 RSSW组比较, 尸 <0.01
由表 15可见, WSXN组不同时间点的 Rgl在大鼠脑组织中的浓度比 RSSW和 ERS组显著升高, 而正常对照和 EGB组不同时 间点的大鼠脑组织中未检出 Rgl。 说明 EGB的存在能显著促进 WSXN方中 Rgl进入脑组织, 有利于在脑组织中发挥药效作用。 表 15 各组不同时间点的 Rgl在大鼠脑组织中的浓度 (ng/g, ± S )
Figure imgf000016_0001
**与 ERS组比较, 尸 <0.01; **与 RSSW组比较, 尸 <0.01。
由表 16可见, WSXN组不同时间点的 Re在大鼠脑组织中的浓度比 RSSW和 ERS组显著升高, 而正常对照和 EGB组不同 时间点的大鼠脑组织中未检出 Re。 说明 EGB的存在能显著促进 WSXN方中 Re进入脑组织, 有利于在脑组织中发挥药效作用, 表 16 各组不同时间点的 Re在大鼠脑组织中的浓度 (ng/g, ± S)
Figure imgf000016_0002
与 ERS组比较, 尸 <0.01; ##与1«8^¥组比较, 尸 <0.01。
表 17可见, WSXN组的不同时间点的二苯乙烯苷在大鼠脑组织中的浓度比 RSSW组和 EHSW组显著升高, 而正常对照和
EGB组不同时间点的大鼠脑组织中未检出二苯乙烯苷。说明 EGB的存在能显著促进 WSXN方中二苯乙烯苷进入脑组织, 有利 于在脑组织中发挥药效作用。
表 17 不同时间点各组大鼠脑组织中
Figure imgf000016_0003
EHSW - 50.2 6.8 133.6 12.5 208.9 19.1 265.3 32.1
RSSW - 65.5 12.5 158.3 26.5 250.6 38.1 317.5 35.5
WSXN - 105.3 208.2±31.3** 480.6 S l.S A 与 EGB组和 EHSW组比较, 尸 <0.01; ##与1188^¥组比较, 尸 <0.01。
实施例 15乌参醒脑方对血管性痴呆的影响
( 1 ) 临床资料与方法
病例情况: 全部病例均系神经科住院病人, 男性 70例, 女性 20例; 年龄 58~76岁, 平均 63.9岁; 病程最短 1年, 最 长 10年, 平均 3.5年。 经临床检査、 神经量表测试, 并经头颅 CT或 MR证实者。
诊断标准: 采用 DSM-IV中血管性痴呆的诊断标准。
诊断标准: 采用 DSM-IV中血管性痴呆的诊断标准。
排除标准: 有严重神经、 血液、 内分泌等原发性疾病及海金斯基缺血指数量表 (HIS ), 总分 18分, 得分 <7分为老年 性痴呆者。
量表选择: 1美国简易智能量表, 总分 30分, 若得分 <16分者为智能障碍; 2日本长谷川痴呆量表, 总分 30分, 若得 分<16分者为痴呆成立; 3海金斯基缺血指数量表 (HIS ) , 总分 18分, 若得分 >7分者为血管性痴呆, 得分 <7分者为老年 性痴呆。
中医主要症状: 参考中药新药临床研究指导原则; 中药新药治疗老年期痴呆的临床研究指导原则。
结合临床经验, 将以下症状作为观察指标: 神情呆滞, 语言不利, 或寡言少语或语言倒错, 善忘, 不寐, 头晕, 头痛, 舌质瘀点。
疗效标准: 采用综合评定法, 以患者治疗前后的智能状态、 中医主要症状、 体征等方面的改变作为综评内容, 并以智能 改变为重点。 痊愈者长谷川痴呆量表测试得分增加到正常值, 显效者得分增加 5分以上, 有效者得分增加不足 5分, 无效者 得分不但无增加反而下降。
用药方法: 用 WSXN处方制成滴丸 (见实施例 6) , 每天早中晚各服 10粒, 2个月为 1疗程, 均用药 3个疗程, 其间 停用其它脑血管扩张药物、 脑细胞代谢药物、 神经功能调节药物。 银杏叶提取物片 (金纳多片) 40mg*20片 /盒, 一天 2-3 次, 每次 1-2片。
人参首乌胶囊由贵阳医学院制药有限公司生产,每粒装 0.3克, 口服, 一次 2粒, 一日 3次, 饭前服用。
(2 ) 疗效与结果
治疗前后量表积分变化: (见表 18、 19、 20、 21 )
表 18 治疗前后简易智能量表积分变化 ( ±s)
Figure imgf000017_0001
表 19 治疗前后长谷川痴呆量表积分变化 (x±s)
Figure imgf000017_0002
中医主要症状变化: (见表 20) 表 20 治疗前后主要症状评分变化( ±s)
Figure imgf000018_0001
疗效分析: (见表 21 )
表 21 二种药物对血管性痴呆疗效统计
Figure imgf000018_0002
( 3 ) 结论
WSXN滴丸对血管性痴呆的智能改善作用: 从表 21可以看到, 60例病员经服 WSXN滴丸和金纳多片 3个疗程后, 二 药治疗的量表得分均明显增加 (P<0.01), 说明都有恢复记忆力、 改善智能作用。 本有效成分组合物 WSXN对本病的总有效 率为 80.0% , 尽管痊愈者为零、 显效仅 5例, 但有效率却占大半多 (63.3%)。 本有效成分组合物疗效比金纳多片稍好。
(4 ) 对老年性痴呆症的防治作用
乌参醒脑滴丸和人参首乌胶囊的疗效分析:见表 22
Figure imgf000018_0003
例 率0 /0 例 率0 /0 例 率0 /0 例 率0 /0 %
WSXN滴丸 35 0 0 6 17.1 21 60.0 8 22.9 77.1 人参首乌胶囊 35 0 0 4 11.4 18 51.4 13 37.1 62.9 从 22表可以知道, 乌参醒脑滴丸对老年性痴呆症的总有效率 77.1%, 显效 17.1%, 比目前常用药的 70%的总有效率 略高, 而没观察到明显副作用。
结论: 本品对老年性痴呆的智能减退有改善作用, 从表 22可以看到, 35例病员经服乌参醒脑方组合物 2个疗程后, 量 表得分明显增加 (尸 <0.01), 说明有恢复记忆力、 改善智能作用, 且语言不利、 失眠、 烦躁、 易怒、 舌质瘀点等症状改善非 常明显, 对痰浊阻窍, 气滞血瘀的老年性痴呆 (AD症) 32例有效率达 77.1%。 疗效比口服服用人参首乌胶囊高, 特别 是但对失眠、 烦躁、 易怒等症状疗效更显著。
临床研究结果表明, 本品具有显著的抗脑缺血损伤, 改善学习记忆作用, 治疗脑缺血损伤相关的中风后遗症和血管性痴 呆及老年痴呆临床疗效确切。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种促进神经再生的中药组合物,其特征在于是由以下组份和重量份数组成:首乌 2~10、人参 1~10和银杏叶 1~10。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述促进神经再生的中药组合物, 其特征在于是由以下组份和重量份数组成: 首乌提取物 2~10、 人参提取物 1~10和银杏叶提取物 1~10。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述促进神经再生的中药组合物, 其特征在于是由以下组份和重量份数组成: 首乌 2~5、 人参 1~5 和银杏叶 1~5。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述促进神经再生的中药组合物,其特征在于是由首乌 2~5重量份、人参 1~5重量份和银杏叶 1~5 重量份的原料药物经过 CM醇提取后所得提取物组成的混合物。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述促进神经再生的中药组合物, 其特征在于是由首乌、 人参和银杏叶的 CM醇提取物组成, 组 合物的有效成分及重量比为: 二苯乙烯苷:人参皂苷 Rbl :人参皂苷 Rgl :人参皂苷 Rd:人参皂苷 Re:银杏内酯:山柰酚:槲皮素等 于 1~18: 1~10: 1~10: 1~2: 1~4: 1-4: 1~2: 1~2。
6. 权利要求 1、 3、 4或 5所述任意一种促进神经再生的中药组合物的制备方法, 其特征在于步骤如下: 将原料药物首乌、 人参和银杏叶按配比称取后分别经过 Cw醇提取后, 得到 Cw醇提物, 合并总提取物, 总提取物经过 浓缩后得到浓缩液, 浓缩液加于已处理好的大孔吸附树脂上, 依次用不同浓度的乙醇洗脱, 收集相应洗脱液, 回收乙醇, 干 燥; 或回收乙醇, 浓缩成稠膏药, 真空干燥, 粉碎, 得到三种药材的最终提取物, 将三种药材的最终提取物混合, 即得到所 述中药组合物。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述促进神经再生的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述 Cw醇提取是用 30 95体积%的 d_3 醇提取 1~5次, 每次提取的 醇溶液体积为药材质量的 1~15倍, 每次提取时间为 5min~5h;
所述 CM醇为甲醇、 乙醇或丙醇;
所述大孔吸附树脂与浓缩液的用量比是 1kg大孔树脂加浓缩液 1~5L;
所述乙醇洗脱是用 50 95体积%乙醇, 用量为每 lkg大孔树脂用 5 20 L乙醇溶液, 以 1~20 mL/min流速洗脱, 洗脱 至无色; 所述大孔树脂为聚酰胺型树脂或聚苯乙烯弱碱性阴离子交换树脂。
8权利要求 1~5所述任意一种中药组合物在制备促进神经再生的药物和 /或保健食品中的应用。
9. 权利要求 1~5 所述任意一种中药组合物在制备防治脑缺血损伤疾病和 /或老年痴呆疾病的药物和 /或保健食品中的应 用。
10. 根据权利要求 9 所述的应用, 其特征在于所述脑缺血损伤疾病为脑卒中、 脑血栓形成、 动脉硬化、 中风后遗症和 / 或血管性痴呆;
所述老年痴呆疾病为原发性老年性痴呆和 /或血管性痴呆。
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