WO2012167507A1 - 起重机和起重机的配重装卸机构、配重块 - Google Patents

起重机和起重机的配重装卸机构、配重块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167507A1
WO2012167507A1 PCT/CN2011/078614 CN2011078614W WO2012167507A1 WO 2012167507 A1 WO2012167507 A1 WO 2012167507A1 CN 2011078614 W CN2011078614 W CN 2011078614W WO 2012167507 A1 WO2012167507 A1 WO 2012167507A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
crane
locking
counterweight
latch
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PCT/CN2011/078614
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟发忠
郭阳春
刘荣
张建军
彭文钦
Original Assignee
长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Application filed by 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
Publication of WO2012167507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167507A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/74Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib

Definitions

  • Crane loading and unloading mechanism and counterweight for cranes and cranes This application is required to be submitted to the China Intellectual Property Office on June 7, 2011, with the application number 201110151846.1, the invention titled "Crane and crane weight loading and unloading mechanism, counterweight The priority of the Chinese Patent Application, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crane, and more particularly to a weight loading and unloading mechanism and a weight of a crane.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Cranes are limited in their driving or transportation quality. However, in the case of cranes requiring heavy weights for crane lifting operations, a weighting mechanism that can easily and quickly remove the weights is needed.
  • the Chinese patent specification CN201214604Y discloses a weighting device for a crane, which adopts a combination of a fixed weight and an active weight.
  • the lifting and lowering of the lifting cylinder realizes the lifting and lowering of the movable weight, and the locking and locking of the movable weight is achieved by locking the cylinder.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the active weight and the synchronization of the two lift cylinders are required to be high, otherwise the lift cylinder may be subjected to eccentric load during the lifting and lowering of the active weight.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a crane including a weight loading and unloading mechanism and a weight, the weight loading and unloading mechanism comprising: two swing arms symmetrically disposed on both sides of the crane turntable, each of the swing arms One end is pivotally connected to the first pivoting position on the crane turret, the second end extends to the outside of the tail of the crane turret and has a latch hook; two counterweight cylinders are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the crane turret, each of the counterweights The first end of the cylinder is pivotally connected to the second pivoting position on the crane turret, and the second end is pivotally connected to the second end of the swing arm to drive the swing arm in the mounting position and the placement position of the weight Rotating between; and a locking device disposed at the tail of the crane turret
  • the turret tail portion of the above crane includes a vertical end surface and an inwardly inclined end surface located below the vertical end surface. Further, the vertical end surface of the tail end of the turret of the crane is provided with a first group of adjusting bolts for adjusting the attitude of the weight, and the inner inclined end surface is provided with a second group of adjusting bolts for adjusting the posture of the weight.
  • the locking device is a locking cylinder
  • the locking cylinder has telescopic locking pins at both ends thereof
  • the locking cylinder at the tail of the rotating table is provided with a clamping wall on both sides thereof
  • the weight has a lock extending into the receiving groove of the clamping wall
  • An arm or a lock wall wherein the retractable lock pin is lockedly engaged with the lock arm or the lock wall when the weight is in the installed position.
  • the clip wall extends to the outside of the tail portion of the turntable.
  • the locking device is a locking cylinder
  • the locking cylinder has telescopic locking pins at both ends thereof
  • the locking cylinder at the tail of the rotating table is provided with a clamping wall on both sides thereof
  • the weight has a receiving groove extending into the clamping wall and
  • the retractable locking pin is inserted into the locking arm or the locking wall, wherein the first set of adjusting bolts and the second set of adjusting bolts are located in the receiving groove of the clamping wall, and the locking arm or the locking wall has the first set of adjusting bolts a first positioning surface and a second positioning surface that cooperates with the second set of adjusting bolts.
  • the first pivoting position is above the second pivoting position, and the counterweight cylinder is horizontally arranged when the weight is in the installed position.
  • the latch includes a pin and a stop pin extending perpendicularly at the end of the pin.
  • the weight of the crane further includes a latch limiting mechanism, and the latch limiting mechanism comprises: a cover, the cover is provided with a slot for the protruding pin to extend, the slot extending in the same direction as the pin moving direction; And a handle, which is movably attached to the cover and straddles the moving path of the stop pin, wherein the handle is provided with an elastic returning element.
  • a weight loading and unloading mechanism for a crane includes: two swing arms symmetrically disposed on two sides of a crane turntable, and a first end of each swing arm is pivotally connected to a crane turntable, The two ends extend to the outside of the tail of the crane turret and have a latch hook adapted to cooperate with the latch of the counterweight.
  • Two counterweight cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the crane turret, and the driving swing arm is installed at the counterweight and Rotating between the placement positions; and a locking device disposed at the tail of the crane turret along the width of the crane turret for locking the weight. Further, the pivoting position of the first end of the counterweight cylinder on the turntable is above the pivotal position of the first end of the swing arm, and the second end of the counterweight cylinder is pivotally connected to the second end of the swing arm.
  • the counterweight cylinder is horizontally arranged when the swing arm is in the weight mounting position.
  • the locking device of the tail end of the turntable is a locking cylinder
  • the clamping cylinder of the tail of the turntable is provided with a clamping wall
  • the first set of adjusting bolts and the second adjusting the horizontal posture of the weight are provided in the interlayer of the clamping wall.
  • Group adjustment bolts are provided.
  • the invention also provides a counterweight, wherein the counterweight is adapted to the counterweight handling mechanism of the crane described above, the counterweight comprising: a first arrangement symmetrically arranged on both sides of the turret of the crane a weight portion and a second weight portion, and a third weight portion located between the first weight portion and the second weight portion; a first pendulum formed between the first weight portion and the third weight portion An arm groove, and a second swing arm groove formed between the second weight portion and the third weight portion, wherein the first swing arm groove and the second swing arm groove are provided with a latch for mounting a pin of the weight block And a lock arm or a lock wall formed in a locking engagement with the lock pin of the lock cylinder formed on a side of the third weight portion adjacent to the first swing arm groove and a side close to the second swing arm groove.
  • the pin includes a pin shaft and a pin extending at an end of the pin shaft and extending perpendicular to the pin shaft
  • the weight further includes a recess for receiving the pin formed on the first weight portion and the second weight portion
  • a latch limiting mechanism disposed in the dimple, the latch limiting mechanism comprising: a cover fixedly connected to the opening of the dimple, the cover being provided with a slot for the protruding pin to extend, the extending direction of the slot and the pin movement
  • the handles are the same; and the handles are movably disposed on the cover and traverse the moving path of the stop pin, wherein the handle is provided with an elastic returning element.
  • the two swing arms on both sides of the turntable are mechanically synchronized by the weights, thereby avoiding the eccentric load on the piston rod of the cylinder when the two cylinders are not synchronized, thereby protecting the piston rod and the cylinder Seals.
  • the counterweight cylinder is not required to be vertically arranged like the prior art, and is very suitable for the lateral arrangement, thus saving a high space.
  • the weight is installed or disassembled by swinging, and the weight is very convenient for horizontal attitude adjustment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a weight loading and unloading mechanism of a crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a counterweight handling mechanism of a crane according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the counterweight of the crane according to the invention in a set position
  • Figure 4 shows a crane according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a partial plan view of the crane with the weight shown in FIG. 4 in the installed position
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a weight loading and unloading mechanism of a crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the counterweight of the crane according to the invention in a set position
  • Figure 4 shows a crane according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a partial plan view of the crane with the weight shown in FIG. 4 in the installed position
  • FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of the locking cylinder of the weight loading and unloading mechanism of the crane according to the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a swing arm of a weight loading and unloading mechanism of a crane according to the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a weight of a crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the latch limiting mechanism of FIG. 9
  • FIG. 11 shows the latch limiting mechanism shown in FIG. 9; Schematic diagram of the bolt used in conjunction with. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a weight loading and unloading mechanism of a crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a weight loading and unloading mechanism of a crane according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a crane according to the present invention.
  • a schematic view of the counterweight in the placement position P2 and Figures 4 and 5 show a schematic view of the counterweight of the crane according to the invention in the installed position P1.
  • a weight loading and unloading mechanism 10 and a weight 20 are mounted on the turntable 30 of the crane.
  • the weight 20 is installed at the tail of the crane turret 30 (as shown in Figures 4 and 5) to ensure the stability of the crane lifting operation.
  • the weight handling mechanism 10 is removed to reduce the transport quality (as shown in Figure 3).
  • the weight loading and unloading mechanism 10 is for driving the weight 20 to swing downward from the mounting position P1 to the placement position P2, or to swing upward from the placement position P2 to the mounting position P1.
  • a mounting platform 41 of the counterweight 20 is formed on the frame 40 of the crane.
  • the positioning platform 43 is provided with a limiting block 43.
  • the bottom surface of the counterweight 20 is provided with a limiting recess 20a which is positioned and matched with the limiting block 43. .
  • the stop block 43 may have a frustum shape or other shape, and there may be two or more such limit blocks 43.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 there is shown a schematic structural view of a weight loading and unloading mechanism of a crane according to the present invention.
  • the weight loading and unloading mechanism 10 includes a swing arm 11 and a swing arm 11' symmetrically disposed on both sides of the crane turret 30.
  • the counterweight cylinder 13 and the counterweight cylinder 13' symmetrically disposed on both sides of the crane turret 30, and the lock cylinder 15 disposed at the tail of the crane turret 30 along the width direction of the turret turret 30.
  • the first end 111 of each of the swing arms 11, 1 is pivotally connected to the crane turret 30, the second end 113 extends to the outside of the tail of the turntable 30, and has a latch hook 115 (refer to FIG. 7 in combination), the latch hook 115 and
  • the weight 20 is detachably connected by pins 17, 17'.
  • the locking cylinder 15 has telescopic locking pins 151, 153 at both ends thereof, and the locking pins 151, 153 are in locking engagement with the weight 20 when the weight 20 is in the installed position.
  • the counterweight cylinders 13, 13' are used to drive the swing arms 11, 1 to swing between the mounting position P1 of the weight and the placement position P2.
  • the pivoting position of the first end 131 of the counterweight cylinder 13 on the turntable 30 is above the pivotal position of the first end 111 of the swing arm, and the second end 133 is pivotally connected with the second end 113 of the swing arm.
  • Ground, in the installation position of the weight, the weight cylinder is placed in a substantially horizontal arrangement, and the swing arms 11, 1 extend obliquely upward.
  • the tail of the turret 30 of the crane preferably comprises a vertical end face 31 and a downwardly inclined inner end face 33.
  • the vertical end face 31 of the crane is provided with a first set of adjusting bolts 35 for adjusting the posture of the weight
  • the inner inclined end face 33 is provided with a second set of adjusting bolts 37 for adjusting the posture of the weight.
  • both sides of the locking cylinder 15 at the end of the turret 30 of the crane are preferably provided with clamping walls 39, 39', respectively, which are composed of two parallel walls. A receiving groove is formed between the two parallel walls.
  • the clamping walls 39, 39' preferably extend outside the tail of the turret, for example both on the vertical end face 31 and the inwardly inclined end face 33.
  • the locking pin 151 at both ends of the locking cylinder 15 can extend into the clamping wall 39, 39' to engage with the locking arm or the locking wall of the weight in the receiving groove of the clamping wall 39, 39' (see below)
  • the keyholes of the description of the weights are plugged together to achieve the mounting and fixing of the weights at the tail of the turntable 30.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the structure of a weight of a crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the weight 20 is mounted at the tail of the turntable 30, has a first weight portion 21 and a second weight portion 23 symmetrically disposed on both sides in the width direction of the turntable 30, and is located at the first weight.
  • the third weight portion 25 between the portion 21 and the second weight portion 23.
  • the outer edge 20b of the weight 20 is preferably curved in the longitudinal direction of the turntable, so that the radius of rotation (rotational influence range) when the turntable is rotated can be reduced.
  • a first swing arm groove 27 is formed between the first weight portion 21 and the third weight portion 25, and a second swing arm groove 29 is formed between the second weight portion 23 and the third weight portion 25, wherein The first swing arm groove 27 and the second swing arm groove 29 are also symmetrically distributed.
  • the first swing arm groove 27 and the second swing arm groove 29 are for accommodating the swing arm.
  • Pin holders 22, 24 for mounting the pins 17, 17' are provided in the first and second swing arm grooves 27, 29, and the pin holder 22 and the pin holder 24 are also arranged symmetrically.
  • the position of the pin holders 22, 24 preferably satisfies the condition that when the pin holder of the swing arm holds the pins 17, 17' and the weight 20, the weight 20 can be in a horizontally balanced posture without deflection.
  • a locking arm or a locking wall 251 is formed on a side of the third weight portion 25 adjacent to the first swing arm groove 27, and a locking arm or a locking wall 253 is formed on a side of the third weight portion 25 adjacent to the second swing arm groove 29, the locking arm Or the lock walls 251 and 253 are also symmetrically arranged.
  • Each of the lock arms or the lock walls 251, 253 preferably has a plate shape, for example, an arm thickness (or a wall thickness) of 4 to 6 cm, and the front sides of the lock arms or the lock walls 251, 253 form a first positioning surface S1 and a second positioning surface.
  • S2 the locking arm or the locking walls 251, 253 form a locking hole 251a, 253a, and the locking arm or the locking wall 251, 253 protrudes into the locking cylinder 15 at the tail of the turntable 30 of the crane, and is provided with the clamping wall 39, 39'.
  • the locking pin 151, 153 of the locking cylinder 15 is lockedly engaged when the weight is in the installed position.
  • the first positioning surface S1 of the locking arm or the locking walls 251, 253 abuts against the top surface of the first group of adjusting bolts 35, and the second positioning surface S2 abuts against the top surface of the second group of adjusting bolts 37 for adjusting Heavy weight, keeping the weight in a horizontal posture.
  • the first weight portion 21 of the weight is provided with a recess 211 and a latch limiting mechanism 26, and the second weight portion 23 is symmetrically disposed with a recess 211 and a latch limiting mechanism 26, which is now the first The pit 211 and the pin stopper mechanism 26 on the weight portion 21 will be described as an example.
  • Fig. 9 and 10 are views showing the structure of a pin limit mechanism of a weight of a crane according to the present invention
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing the structure of a pin used in conjunction with the pin limit mechanism shown in Fig. 9.
  • the pin 17 includes a pin 171 and a stop pin 173 extending perpendicular to the pin at the end of the pin 171.
  • the latch limiting mechanism 26 includes: a cover 261 fixedly connected to the opening of the recess 211, the cover is provided with a groove 263 for the stopper pin 173 to extend and extending in the direction of the pin movement; and a handle 265 perpendicular to The direction of the direction of movement of the pin 171 is movable, and a handle 265 on the inside of the cover 261 is provided with an elastic returning member 267 which holds the handle 265 in a position to block the stopper pin 173.
  • the use of the latch limiting mechanism 26 is as follows: When the latch 17 is inserted into the first swing arm slot 27, the handle 265 blocks the shifting pin 173 from moving, and the latch 17 is held in the docking position to prevent the latch from coming out; When the hand 265, the obstacle of the movement of the stopper pin 173 is released, the stopper pin 173 can move along the groove 263, and the latch 17 can be withdrawn from the insertion position. When the handle 265 is released, the handle is held in the original position by the elastic recovery element 267. .
  • Other structures or mechanisms well known in the art, such as a hoisting mechanism may also be provided on the counterweight during actual use, and are not described herein.
  • the weight and the swing arm are disengaged, and the counterweight cylinders 13, 13' are retracted until they are fully retracted.
  • the weight is lifted to the placement platform 41 on the frame 40 by the lifting mechanism provided by the crane, and the limiting groove 20a at the bottom of the weight is aligned with the limiting block 43.
  • the counterweight cylinders 13, 13' are extended to push the swing arm until the arc on the swing arm bracket 115 is aligned with the shaft holes of the latch seats 22, 24 on the counterweight, and the pins 17, 17' are inserted.
  • the latch limit mechanism 26 is locked so that it does not come out freely.
  • the counterweight cylinders 13, 13' are retracted, and the swing arm is rotated, and the swing arm drives the counterweight to rotate together until the lock holes 251a, 253a on the counterweight are aligned with the mounting holes of the tail end of the turntable, and the lock cylinder 15 is extended at this time.
  • the lock pins 151, 153 of the piston rod head connect the weight 20 with the turntable 30, and then adjust the first set of adjusting bolts 35 and the second set of adjusting bolts 37 to level the weights, and the weights are installed. The process is complete.
  • the position between the components of the weight loading and unloading mechanism can be adjusted according to the size and shape of the crane turret.
  • cranes with counterweight handling mechanisms and counterweights that are compatible with counterweight handling mechanisms can be sold separately.
  • the weight of the present invention can also be designed in a variety of weight specifications, which are selected for purchase by the customer or leased from a third party.
  • the locking cylinders can be replaced by spring latches, manual latches, and the like, as well as other locking devices known to those skilled in the art to achieve the function of locking the weights.
  • the two swing arms on both sides of the turntable are mechanically synchronized by the weights, which can avoid the eccentric load on the piston rod of the cylinder when the two cylinders are not synchronized. , thus protecting the piston rod and cylinder seals.
  • the counterweight cylinder is not required to be vertically arranged like the prior art, and is very suitable for the lateral arrangement, thus saving a high space.
  • the weight is installed or disassembled by swinging, and the weight is very convenient for horizontal attitude adjustment.
  • the first end of the 131 counterweight cylinder 133 the second end of the counterweight cylinder

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  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种起重机的配重装卸机构,该配重装卸机构(10)包括:两摆臂(11、11'),对称地设置在起重机转台(30)的两侧,各摆臂的第一端(111)枢接在起重机转台上、第二端(113)向转台的尾部外侧延伸并且具有插销托钩(115);两配重油缸(13、13'),对称设置在起重机转台的两侧,驱动摆臂在配重块的安装位置(P1)和置放位置(P2)之间转动;以及锁定装置,沿起重机转台的宽度方向设置在起重机转台的尾部,插销托钩与配重块通过插销可拆卸连接,锁销在配重块位于安装位置时与配重块锁定配合。还公开了一种具有该配重装卸机构的起重机及与该配重装卸机构相适配的配重块。该配重装卸机构可以避免两根油缸不同步时对油缸活塞杆造成的偏载,非常适合于配重油缸的横向布置,便于配重块的水平姿态调节。

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起重机和起重机的配重装卸机构、 配重块 本申请要求于 2011 年 6 月 7 日提交至中国知识产权局的、 申请号为 201110151846.1、 发明名称为 "起重机和起重机的配重装卸机构、 配重块" 的中国发 明专利申请的优先权, 其全部公开内容结合于此供参考。 技术领域 本发明涉及起重机, 尤其涉及起重机的配重装卸机构和配重块。 背景技术 起重机行驶或运输质量受到限制, 但对起重机起重作业稳定性又要求较大质量配 重的情况下, 就需要一种能方便、 快捷地将配重卸下的配重机构。 中国专利说明书 CN201214604Y公开了一种起重机用配重装置, 采用固定配重和 活动配重相组合的方式。 通过升降油缸的伸缩, 实现活动配重的起升和下降, 通过锁 定油缸实现活动配重的锁定和解锁。 然而, 对活动配重的重心位置和两根升降油缸的 同步性要求较高, 否则在活动配重的起升和下降过程中, 升降油缸可能会受到偏载。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种起重机, 以解决配重块起升和下降过程中因偏载所带 来的问题。 同时, 本发明还提供了一种起重机的配重装卸机构和与所述配重装卸机构 相适配的配重块。 为此, 本发明的一方面提供了一种起重机, 包括配重装卸机构和配重块, 该配重 装卸机构包括: 两摆臂, 对称地设置在起重机转台的两侧, 各摆臂的第一端枢接在起 重机转台上的第一枢接位置、第二端向起重机转台的尾部外侧延伸并且具有插销托钩; 两配重油缸, 对称设置在起重机转台的两侧, 各所述配重油缸的第一端枢接在所述起 重机转台上的第二枢接位置, 第二端与所述摆臂的第二端枢接, 以驱动摆臂在配重块 的安装位置和置放位置之间转动; 以及锁定装置, 沿起重机转台的宽度方向设置在起 重机转台的尾部, 其中, 各插销托钩与配重块通过插销可拆卸连接, 锁定装置在配重 块位于安装位置时与配重块锁定配合。 进一步地,上述起重机的转台尾部包括竖直端面和位于竖直端面下方的内倾端面。 进一步地, 上述起重机的转台尾部的竖直端面上设置有调节配重块姿态的第一组 调节螺栓, 内倾端面上设置有调节配重块姿态的第二组调节螺栓。 进一步地, 上述锁定装置为锁定油缸, 该锁定油缸的两端具有可伸缩的锁销, 转 台尾部的锁定油缸的两侧设有夹壁, 配重块具有伸入夹壁的容纳槽中的锁臂或锁壁, 其中, 可伸缩的锁销在配重块位于安装位置时与锁臂或锁壁锁定配合。 进一步地, 上述夹壁向转台的尾部外侧延伸。 进一步地, 上述锁定装置为锁定油缸, 该锁定油缸的两端具有可伸缩的锁销, 转 台尾部的锁定油缸的两侧设有夹壁, 配重块具有伸入夹壁的容纳槽中并与可伸缩的锁 销插接配合的锁臂或锁壁, 其中, 第一组调节螺栓和第二组调节螺栓位于夹壁的容纳 槽中, 锁臂或锁壁上具有与第一组调节螺栓配合的第一定位面及与第二组调节螺栓配 合的第二定位面。 进一步地, 第一枢接位置在第二枢接位置的上方, 配重油缸在配重块位于安装位 置时呈水平布置。 进一步地, 上述插销包括销轴和在销轴端部垂直延伸的挡销。 进一步地, 上述起重机的配重块还包括插销限位机构, 插销限位机构包括: 盖, 所述盖上开设有供挡销伸出的槽, 该槽的延伸方向与销轴移动方向相同; 以及提手, 可升降移动地连接在盖上, 并且横跨在挡销的移动路径上, 其中, 提手上设有弹性回 复元件。 进一步地, 上述配重块还包括容纳插销的凹坑, 上述插销限位机构的盖固定连接 在凹坑上。 进一步地, 上述起重机的车架上设有支撑配重块的置放平台, 置放平台上设有限 位块, 配重块上设有与限位块相配合的限位凹槽。 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种起重机的配重装卸机构, 包括: 两摆臂, 对 称地设置在起重机转台的两侧, 各摆臂的第一端枢接在起重机转台上、 第二端向起重 机转台的尾部外侧延伸并且具有适于与配重块的插销相配合的插销托钩,两配重油缸, 对称设置在起重机转台的两侧, 驱动摆臂在配重块安装位置和置放位置之间转动; 以 及锁定装置, 沿起重机转台的宽度方向设置在起重机转台的尾部, 用于锁定配重块。 进一步地, 上述配重油缸的第一端在转台上的枢接位置在摆臂的第一端的枢接位 置的上方, 该配重油缸的第二端枢接在摆臂的第二端, 配重油缸在摆臂位于配重块安 装位置时水平布置。 进一步地, 上述转台尾部的锁定装置为锁定油缸, 转台尾部的锁定油缸的两侧设 有夹壁, 夹壁的夹层中设有对配重块水平姿态进行调节的第一组调节螺栓和第二组调 节螺栓。 本发明还提供了一种配重块, 其中, 配重块与上面所描述的起重机的配重装卸机 构相适配, 该配重块包括: 在起重机的转台的两侧对称布置的第一配重部和第二配重 部、 以及位于第一配重部和第二配重部之间的第三配重部; 在第一配重部和第三配重 部之间形成的第一摆臂槽, 以及在第二配重部和第三配重部之间形成第二摆臂槽, 其 中, 第一摆臂槽和第二摆臂槽中设有用于安装配重块的插销的插销座; 以及在第三配 重部的靠近第一摆臂槽的一侧和靠近第二摆臂槽的一侧分别形成的与锁定油缸的锁销 锁定配合的锁臂或锁壁。 进一步地, 上述插销包括销轴和位于销轴端部并垂直于销轴延伸的挡销, 上述配 重块还包括在第一配重部和第二配重部上形成的容纳插销的凹坑和设置于凹坑的插销 限位机构, 该插销限位机构包括: 盖, 固定连接在凹坑的开口上, 盖上开设有供挡销 伸出的槽, 该槽的延伸方向与销轴移动方向相同; 以及提手, 可升降移动地设置在盖 上, 并且横跨在挡销的移动路径上, 其中, 提手上设有弹性回复元件。 在本发明的配重装卸机构中, 在转台两侧的两个摆臂通过配重块实现机械同步, 可以避免两根油缸不同步时对油缸活塞杆造成的偏载,从而保护活塞杆和油缸密封件。 在本发明的配重装卸机构中, 不要求配重油缸类似现有技术那样进行垂直布置, 非常 适合于横向布置, 如此可节省高度空间。 另外采用摆动的方式安装或拆卸配重块, 配 重块非常便于进行水平姿态调节。 除了上面所描述的目的、 特征、 和优点之外, 本发明具有的其它目的、 特征、 和 优点, 将结合附图作进一步详细的说明。 附图说明 构成本说明书的一部分、 用于进一步理解本发明的附图示出了本发明的优选实施 例, 并与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理。 图中: 图 1示出了根据本发明优选实施例的起重机的配重装卸机构的结构示意图; 图 2示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重装卸机构的立体图; 图 3示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重块处于置放位置的示意图; 图 4示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重块处于安装位置的示意图; 图 5示出了图 4所示配重块处于安装位置的起重机的局部俯视图; 图 6示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重装卸机构的锁定油缸的结构示意图; 图 7示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重装卸机构的摆臂的结构示意图; 图 8示出了根据本发明优选实施例的起重机的配重块的结构示意图; 图 9示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重块的插销限位机构的结构示意图; 图 10示出了图 9所示插销限位机构的仰视图; 以及 图 11示出了与图 9所示插销限位机构配合使用的插销的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 但是本发明可以由权利要求限定 和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 图 1示出了根据本发明优选实施例的起重机的配重装卸机构的结构示意图, 图 2 示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重装卸机构的立体图, 图 3示出了根据本发明的起重 机的配重块处于置放位置 P2的示意图,图 4和图 5示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重 块处于安装位置 P1的示意图。 结合参照图 1至图 5, 起重机的转台 30上安装有配重 装卸机构 10和配重块 20。 在起重作业时, 配重块 20安装于起重机转台 30的尾部(如图 4和图 5所示), 以 保证起重机起重作业的稳定性, 长距离运输时, 可以将配重块 20用配重装卸机构 10 卸下, 减少运输质量 (如图 3所示)。 配重装卸机构 10用于驱动配重块 20从安装位置 P1向下摆动至置放位置 P2, 或 者从置放位置 P2向上摆动至安装位置 Pl。 起重机的车架 40上形成配重块 20的置放平台 41,置放平台 41上设有限位块 43, 配重块 20的底面上设有与限位块 43定位配合的限位凹槽 20a。 在置放平台 41上, 限 位块 43可呈锥台形或其它形状, 并且可以有两个或两个以上这样的限位块 43。 参见图 1和图 2, 其中示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重装卸机构的结构示意图, 配重装卸机构 10包括对称地设置在起重机转台 30的两侧的摆臂 11和摆臂 11 '、 对 称设置在起重机转台 30的两侧的配重油缸 13和配重油缸 13 '、 以及沿起重机转台 30 的宽度方向设置在起重机转台 30的尾部的锁定油缸 15。 各摆臂 11、 1 的第一端 111枢接在起重机转台 30上, 第二端 113向转台 30的 尾部外侧延伸、 并且具有插销托钩 115 (结合参见图 7), 该插销托钩 115与配重块 20 通过插销 17、 17' 可拆卸连接。 结合参见图 6, 锁定油缸 15的两端具有可伸缩的锁销 151、 153, 锁销 151、 153 在配重块 20位于安装位置时与配重块 20锁定配合。 配重油缸 13、 13 ' 用于驱动摆臂 11、 1 在配重块的安装位置 P1和置放位置 P2 之间摆动。 配重油缸 13的第一端 131在转台 30上的枢接位置位于摆臂的第一端 111 的枢接位置的上方, 第二端 133与摆臂的第二端 113枢接在一起, 优选地, 在配重块 的安装位置时使配重油缸处于基本水平布置的状态, 摆臂 11、 1 斜向上延伸。 起重机的转台 30的尾部优选包括竖直端面 31和位置在下的内倾端面 33。起重机 的竖直端面 31上设置有调节配重块姿态的第一组调节螺栓 35, 内倾端面 33上设置有 调节配重块姿态的第二组调节螺栓 37。 从图 2中可以看到, 在该实施例中, 起重机的转台 30尾部的锁定油缸 15的两侧 优选设有夹壁 39、 39', 夹壁 39、 39' 分别由两个平行的壁构成, 两个平行壁之间形 成容纳槽。 夹壁 39、 39' 优选在转台尾部的外侧延伸, 例如在竖直端面 31和内倾端 面 33上均有延伸。 锁定油缸 15的两端的锁销 151可伸入夹壁 39、 39'中, 以与伸入夹壁 39、 39' 的 容纳槽中的配重块上的锁臂或锁壁 (参见下文中配重块的描述) 的锁孔插接在一起, 实现配重块在转台 30的尾部的安装固定。 上述第一组调节螺栓 35和第二组调节螺栓 37位于夹壁 39、 39' 的容纳槽中, 以 对伸入夹壁 39、 39' 的夹层中的配重块的锁臂或锁壁进行定位, 以使配重块保持在水 平姿态。 图 8示出了根据本发明优选实施例的起重机的配重块的结构示意图。 结合参照图 3至图 5, 配重块 20安装在转台 30的尾部, 具有对称设置在转台 30宽度方向两侧的 第一配重部 21和第二配重部 23、 以及位于第一配重部 21和第二配重部 23之间的第 三配重部 25。 沿转台长度方向, 配重块 20的外侧边缘 20b优选呈弧状, 如此可减小 转台转动时的转动半径 (转动影响范围)。 其中, 第一配重部 21和第三配重部 25之间形成第一摆臂槽 27, 第二配重部 23 和第三配重部 25之间形成第二摆臂槽 29, 其中, 第一摆臂槽 27和第二摆臂槽 29也 对称分布。 第一摆臂槽 27和第二摆臂槽 29用于容纳摆臂。 在第一、 第二摆臂槽 27、 29中设有用于安装插销 17、 17' 的插销座 22、 24, 插 销座 22和插销座 24也对称布置。该插销座 22、 24的位置优选满足这样的条件: 当摆 臂的插销托钩托起插销 17、 17' 和配重块 20时, 配重块 20能够处于水平平衡姿态而 不发生偏转。 第三配重部 25靠近第一摆臂槽 27的一侧形成锁臂或锁壁 251, 第三配重部 25靠 近第二摆臂槽 29的一侧形成锁臂或锁壁 253, 锁臂或锁壁 251和 253也对称设置。 各锁臂或锁壁 251、 253优选呈板状, 例如 4~6cm的臂厚 (或壁厚), 各锁臂或锁 壁 251、 253的前侧形成第一定位面 S1和第二定位面 S2, 锁臂或锁壁 251、 253上形 成锁孔 251a、 253a, 锁臂或锁壁 251、 253伸入起重机的转台 30尾部的锁定油缸 15 的两侧设有夹壁 39、 39' 中, 以在配重块位于安装位置时与锁定油缸 15的锁销 151、 153锁定配合。 锁臂或锁壁 251、 253的第一定位面 S1与第一组调节螺栓 35的顶面抵接配合,第 二定位面 S2与第二组调节螺栓 37的顶面抵接配合, 以便调节配重块, 使配重块保持 在水平姿态。 在配重块的第一配重部 21上优选设有凹坑 211和插销限位机构 26, 第二配重部 23上也对称设置有凹坑 211和插销限位机构 26, 现以第一配重部 21上的凹坑 211和 插销限位机构 26为例进行说明。 图 9和图 10示出了根据本发明的起重机的配重块的插销限位机构的结构示意图, 图 11示出了与图 9所示插销限位机构配合使用的插销的结构示意图。 结合参照图 11, 插销 17包括销轴 171和位于销轴 171端部的垂直于销轴延伸的挡销 173。 插销限位机构 26包括: 盖 261, 固定连接在凹坑 211的开口上, 盖上开设有供挡 销 173伸出的并沿销轴移动方向延伸的槽 263 ; 以及提手 265,在垂直于销轴 171的移 动方向的方向上是可移动的, 并且在盖 261内侧的提手 265上设有弹性回复元件 267, 该弹性回复元件 267使提手 265保持在阻挡挡销 173的位置。 插销限位机构 26的使用过程如下: 当插销 17插入第一摆臂槽 27中时, 提手 265 阻挡挡销 173移动, 插销 17则保持在插接位置, 以防止插销脱出; 当向上提起提手 265时, 挡销 173移动的障碍解除, 挡销 173可以沿槽 263移动, 使插销 17退出插接 位置, 当放开提手 265后, 提手在弹性回复元件 267的作用下保持在原位置。 在实际使用过程中, 配重块上还可以设置本领域所熟知的其他的结构或机构, 例 如卷扬机构, 在此不作赘述。 下面结合图 3至图 5对本发明的配重装卸机构的工作过程进行描述。 当拆卸配重块 20时, 锁定油缸 15全缩, 配重块 20与转台 30的连接分离, 此时, 配重油缸 13、 13 ' 伸出, 推动摆臂 11、 1 带着配重块一起绕摆臂 11、 1 在转台 上的枢轴旋转, 摆臂托着插销 17、 17', 直到配重块底部与车架 40上的置放平台 41 接触, 且配重块 20底部的限位凹槽 20a与限位块 43对齐。 随后, 将插销限位机构 26的提手 265提起, 拨出插销 17、 17', 此时配重块与摆 臂脱开, 配重油缸 13、 13 ' 缩回, 直到全缩。 将转台回转 180度, 利用起重机自带的 起吊机构将配重块吊到其它运输设备上, 实现配重块的运输。 当安装配重块时,先用起重机自带的起吊机构将配重块放吊到车架 40上的置放平 台 41, 且配重块底部的限位凹槽 20a与限位块 43对齐。 配重油缸 13、 13 ' 伸出, 推 动摆臂旋转, 直到摆臂托钩 115上的圆弧与配重块上的插销座 22、 24的轴孔对齐, 插 上插销 17、 17', 用插销限位机构 26锁住使其不会自由脱出。配重油缸 13、 13 ' 回缩, 拉动摆臂旋转, 摆臂带动配重块一起旋转, 直到配重块上的锁孔 251a、 253a与转台尾 部的安装孔对齐, 此时锁定油缸 15伸出, 活塞杆头部的锁销 151、 153将配重块 20 与转台 30连接起来, 然后通过调整第一组调节螺栓 35和第二组调节螺栓 37, 将配重 块调水平, 配重块安装过程完成。 需要指出的是, 根据本发明的采用摆动的方式安装或拆卸配重块的设计构思, 可 以根据起重机转台的大小和形状对配重装卸机构的各部件之间的位置进行调整。另外, 带有配重装卸机构的起重机和与配重装卸机构相适配的配重块均可以单独出售。 本发 明的配重块也可以设计成多种重量规格, 由客户选择购买使用或从第三方租赁使用。 另外, 锁定油缸可以由弹簧插销、 手动插销等本领域技术人员所熟知的其它锁定装置 来代替, 以实现锁定配重块的功能。 通过以上描述可以看出, 在本发明的配重装卸机构中, 在转台两侧的两个摆臂通 过配重块实现机械同步, 可以避免两根油缸不同步时对油缸活塞杆造成的偏载, 从而 保护活塞杆和油缸密封件。 在本发明的配重装卸机构中, 不要求配重油缸类似现有技 术那样进行垂直布置, 非常适合于横向布置, 如此可节省高度空间。 另外采用摆动的 方式安装或拆卸配重块, 配重块非常便于进行水平姿态调节。 以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技术人 员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何 修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 附图标记说明
10配重装卸机构
11、 1 两摆臂 13、 13 ' 配重油缸
15锁定油缸 17、 17' 插销
111摆臂的第一端 113摆臂的第二端
115插销托钩 151、 153锁销
131配重油缸的第一端 133配重油缸的第二端
171销轴 173挡销
20配重块 20a限位凹槽
251a、 253a锁孔 20b外侧边缘
21第一配重部 23第二配重部
25第三配重部 27第一摆臂槽
29第二摆臂槽 22、 24插销座
251、 253锁臂或锁壁 26插销限位机构 261盖 263槽
265提手 267弹性回复元件 211凹坑 S1第一定位面
S2第二定位面 30转台
31竖直端面 33内倾端面
35第一组调节螺栓 37第二组调节螺栓
39、 39' 夹壁 40机架
P1安装位置 P2置放位置
41置放平台 43限位块。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种起重机, 包括配重装卸机构和配重块, 其特征在于, 所述配重装卸机构包 括:
两摆臂, 对称地设置在起重机转台的两侧, 各所述摆臂的第一端枢接在所 述起重机转台上的第一枢接位置、 第二端向所述起重机转台的尾部外侧延伸并 且具有插销托钩;
两配重油缸, 对称设置在所述起重机转台的两侧, 各所述配重油缸的第一 端枢接在所述起重机转台上的第二枢接位置,第二端与所述摆臂的第二端枢接, 以驱动所述摆臂在所述配重块的安装位置和置放位置之间转动; 以及
锁定装置, 沿所述起重机转台的宽度方向设置在所述起重机转台的尾部, 其中, 各所述插销托钩与所述配重块通过插销可拆卸连接, 所述锁定装置 在所述配重块位于安装位置时与所述配重块锁定配合。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述起重机的转台尾部包括竖直 端面和位于所述竖直端面下方的内倾端面。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述起重机的转台尾部的所述竖 直端面上设置有调节所述配重块姿态的第一组调节螺栓, 所述内倾端面上设置 有调节所述配重块姿态的第二组调节螺栓。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述转台尾部的所述锁定装置为 锁定油缸, 所述锁定油缸的两端具有可伸缩的锁销, 所述锁定油缸的两侧设有 夹壁, 所述配重块具有伸入所述夹壁的容纳槽中并与所述可伸缩的锁销插接配 合的锁臂或锁壁, 其中, 所述第一组调节螺栓和第二组调节螺栓位于所述夹壁 的容纳槽中, 所述锁臂或锁壁上具有与所述第一组调节螺栓配合的第一定位面 及与所述第二组调节螺栓配合的第二定位面。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述转台尾部的所述锁定装置为 锁定油缸, 所述锁定油缸的两端具有可伸缩的锁销, 所述锁定油缸的两侧设有 夹壁, 所述配重块具有伸入所述夹壁的容纳槽中的锁臂或锁壁, 其中, 所述可 伸缩的锁销在所述配重块位于安装位置时与所述锁臂或锁壁锁定配合。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述夹壁向所述转台的尾部外侧 延伸。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述第一枢接位置在所述第二枢 接位置的上方, 所述配重油缸在所述配重块位于安装位置时呈水平布置。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述插销包括销轴和在所述销轴 端部垂直延伸的挡销。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的起重机,其特征在于,所述配重块还包括插销限位机构, 所述插销限位机构包括:
盖, 所述盖上开设有供所述挡销伸出的槽, 所述槽的延伸方向与所述销轴 的移动方向相同; 以及
提手,可升降移动地设置在所述盖上,并且横跨在所述挡销的移动路径上, 其中, 所述提手上设有弹性回复元件。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述配重块还包括容纳所述插销 的凹坑, 所述插销限位机构的盖固定连接在所述凹坑上。
11. 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机, 其特征在于, 所述起重机的车架上设有支撑所 述配重块的置放平台, 所述置放平台上设有限位块, 所述配重块上设有与所述 限位块相配合的限位凹槽。
12. 一种起重机的配重装卸机构, 其特征在于, 包括:
两摆臂, 对称地设置在所述起重机转台的两侧, 各所述摆臂的第一端枢接 在所述起重机转台上、 第二端向所述起重机转台的尾部外侧延伸并且具有适于 与配重块的插销配合的插销托钩,
两配重油缸, 对称设置在所述起重机转台的两侧, 驱动所述摆臂在配重块 安装位置和置放位置之间转动,
锁定装置, 沿所述起重机转台的宽度方向设置在所述起重机转台的尾部。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的起重机的配重装卸机构,其特征在于,所述配重油缸的 第一端在所述转台上的枢接位置在所述摆臂的第一端的枢接位置的上方, 所述 配重油缸的第二端枢接在所述摆臂的第二端, 所述配重油缸在所述摆臂位于所 述配重块安装位置时水平布置。
14. 根据权利要求 12所述的起重机的配重装卸机构,其特征在于,所述转台尾部的 锁定装置为锁定油缸, 所述锁定油缸的两侧设有夹壁, 所述夹壁的夹层中设有 对配重块水平姿态进行调节的第一组调节螺栓和第二组调节螺栓。
15. 一种配重块, 其特征在于, 与根据权利要求 12至 14中任一项所述的起重机的 配重装卸机构相适配, 所述配重块包括:
在所述起重机的转台的两侧对称布置的第一配重部和第二配重部、 以及位 于所述第一配重部和第二配重部之间的第三配重部;
在所述第一配重部和第三配重部之间形成的第一摆臂槽, 以及在所述第二 配重部和第三配重部之间形成的第二摆臂槽, 其中, 所述第一摆臂槽和第二摆 臂槽中设有用于安装所述配重块的插销的插销座; 以及
在所述第三配重部的靠近第一摆臂槽的一侧和靠近所述第二摆臂槽的一侧 分别形成的与所述锁定油缸的锁销锁定配合的锁臂或锁壁。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的配重块, 其特征在于, 所述插销包括销轴和位于销轴端部并垂直于所述销轴延伸的挡销, 所述配重块还包括在所述第一配重部和第二配重部上形成的容纳所述插销 的凹坑和设置于所述凹坑的插销限位机构, 所述插销限位机构包括:
盖, 固定连接在所述凹坑的开口上, 所述盖上开设有供挡销伸出的槽, 所 述槽的延伸方向与所述销轴的移动方向相同; 以及 提手,可升降移动地设置在所述盖上,并且横跨在所述挡销的移动路径上, 其中, 所述提手上设有弹性回复元件。
PCT/CN2011/078614 2011-06-07 2011-08-19 起重机和起重机的配重装卸机构、配重块 WO2012167507A1 (zh)

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