WO2012160854A1 - 電気デバイス用負極活物質 - Google Patents
電気デバイス用負極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012160854A1 WO2012160854A1 PCT/JP2012/055745 JP2012055745W WO2012160854A1 WO 2012160854 A1 WO2012160854 A1 WO 2012160854A1 JP 2012055745 W JP2012055745 W JP 2012055745W WO 2012160854 A1 WO2012160854 A1 WO 2012160854A1
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- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- mass
- alloy
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for an electric device represented by a secondary battery, a capacitor, and the like, which is used as a power source for driving a motor such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
- a motor such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- the secondary battery for driving the motor is required to have particularly high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.
- lithium ion secondary batteries having high theoretical energy are attracting attention.
- Patent Document 1 a method for producing an electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery having a large discharge capacity per volume and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). That is, an electrode composed of composite particles having a predetermined average particle diameter and a specific surface area by dry-grinding fine particles containing silicon as a main component, metal powder containing a predetermined element such as tin and aluminum, and carbon powder. A method of manufacturing the material is disclosed. Furthermore, using the electrode obtained in this way as a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery is described.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode active material for an electric device, which can suppress the phase transition between amorphous and crystal to improve the cycle life, and has high capacity and excellent cycle durability. Furthermore, the present invention is to provide a negative electrode to which such a negative electrode active material is applied, and an electric device such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the negative electrode active material for an electric device contains 33 to 50% by mass of silicon, 46 or less by mass of zinc and 21 to 67% by mass of vanadium, with the balance being unavoidable impurities Have an alloy that is
- FIG. 1 is a ternary composition diagram in which the alloy components deposited in the examples are plotted and shown together with the composition range of the Si—Zn—V-based alloy constituting the negative electrode active material for electrical devices according to the embodiment of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 2 is a ternary composition diagram showing a more preferable composition range of the Si—Zn—V-based alloy constituting the negative electrode active material for an electric device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the negative electrode active material for an electric device contains 33% by mass to 50% by mass of silicon (Si), more than 0% by mass and 46% by mass or less of zinc (Zn), and 21% by mass to 67% by mass. It has an alloy which contains vanadium (V) and the balance is an unavoidable impurity. This numerical range corresponds to the range indicated by the symbol A in FIG.
- this negative electrode active material is used for the negative electrode of an electric device, for example, the negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the alloy contained in the negative electrode active material absorbs lithium ions at the time of charge of the battery, and releases lithium ions at the time of discharge.
- the negative electrode active material for an electric device is a silicon-based active material, in which zinc (Zn) as a first additive element and vanadium (V) as a second additive element are added. It is And, by appropriately selecting Zn as the first additive element and V as the second additive element, when alloying with lithium, suppressing the phase transition of amorphous-crystal and improving the cycle life Can. In addition, the capacity can be made higher than that of the carbon-based negative electrode active material. And, by optimizing the composition ranges of the first and second additive elements Zn and V, respectively, the negative electrode active material of a Si (Si-Zn-V) alloy having a good cycle life even after 50 cycles You can get
- the silicon content is less than 33% by mass, the vanadium content is more than 67% by mass, and zinc is not contained in the above-mentioned negative electrode active material made of a Si-Zn-V alloy, the initial capacity is There is a possibility that it can not be secured enough. If the silicon content is more than 50% by mass, the vanadium content is less than 21% by mass, and the zinc content is more than 46% by mass, the cycle life may not be good.
- the silicon content is in the range of 33 to 47% by mass
- the zinc content is in the range of 11 to 27% by mass
- the vanadium content is 33 It is further desirable that the content be in the range of ⁇ 56% by mass. This numerical range corresponds to the range indicated by the symbol B in FIG.
- the said alloy in the negative electrode active material of this embodiment can not avoid containing of the impurity derived from a raw material or a manufacturing method other than the said three components.
- the content of such unavoidable impurities is preferably less than 0.5% by mass, and more preferably less than 0.1% by mass.
- the alloy contained in the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment contains 33 to 50% by mass of silicon, more than 0 and 46% by mass or less of zinc, and 21 to 67% by mass of vanadium as described above. And the remainder is an alloy which is an unavoidable impurity. Therefore, in other words, the above-mentioned alloy is composed of 33 to 50% by mass of silicon, zinc of more than 0 and 46% by mass or less, 21 to 67% by mass of vanadium, and inevitable impurities.
- the method for producing the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and the negative electrode active material can be produced using various conventionally known methods. That is, since there is almost no difference in the alloy state or characteristics depending on the manufacturing method, any of the conventionally known manufacturing methods can be applied without any problem.
- a thin film alloy having the above composition is obtained by using a multi-component PVD method (sputtering method, resistance heating method, laser ablation method), a multi-component CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method) or the like. be able to.
- Such an alloy thin film can be used as a negative electrode by forming a film directly on a current collector. Therefore, the method is excellent in that the process can be simplified and simplified. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use components other than the alloy, such as a binder and a conductive additive, which constitute the negative electrode active material layer, and the alloy thin film as the negative electrode active material can be used directly as the negative electrode. Therefore, it is excellent at the point which can aim at the high capacity
- a multiple DC magnetron sputtering apparatus can be used.
- an independently controlled ternary DC magnetron sputtering apparatus can be used.
- Si—Zn—V alloy thin films of various alloy compositions and thicknesses can be freely formed on the surface of the substrate (current collector).
- target 1 (Si), target 2 (Zn) and target 3 (V) are used.
- the sputtering time is fixed, and the power of the DC power source is changed to 185 W for silicon, 0 to 50 W for zinc, and 0 to 150 W for vanadium.
- ternary alloy samples having various composition formulas can be obtained.
- the sputtering conditions are different for each sputtering apparatus, it is desirable to appropriately grasp the suitable range for each apparatus through preliminary experiments and the like.
- the thin film of the above-mentioned Si—Zn—V-based alloy can be used for the negative electrode active material layer of the present embodiment.
- the negative electrode active material layer can also be a layer containing particles of the above-described Si-Zn-V-based alloy as a main component.
- a method for producing such an alloy in the form of particles for example, a mechanical alloy method, an arc plasma melting method or the like can be used.
- a slurry is prepared by adding a binder, a conductive additive, a viscosity adjusting solvent, and the like to the alloy particles. Then, a negative electrode can be obtained by forming a negative electrode active material layer on the current collector using this slurry. Therefore, it is excellent in the point which is easy to mass-produce and easy to put it to practical use as a battery electrode.
- the average particle diameter thereof is not particularly limited as long as it is about the same as that of the conventional negative electrode active material.
- the average particle size is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the present invention is not limited to such a range, and may be out of this range as long as the effects of the present embodiment can be effectively exhibited.
- particle diameter refers to an outline of active material particles (observation surface) observed using an observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Of the distances between any two points, it means the largest distance. Further, as the value of “average particle diameter”, an average of particle diameters of particles observed in several to several tens of visual fields using an observation means such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM) The value calculated as the value shall be adopted. The particle sizes and average particle sizes of other components can be defined in the same manner.
- the negative electrode for an electric device uses a negative electrode active material made of the above-mentioned Si-Zn-V alloy.
- a lithium ion secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor can be mentioned typically.
- the lithium ion secondary battery generally has a positive electrode 11 having a positive electrode current collector coated with a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode 12 coated with a negative electrode active material etc, as shown in FIG. Is connected via the electrolyte layer 13 and has a structure housed in the outer package.
- FIG. Is the configuration of such a lithium ion secondary battery, the material thereof and the like will be respectively described.
- the positive electrode 11 has a structure in which the positive electrode active material layer 11 b is formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 11 a.
- the positive electrode current collector 11a is preferably made of a conductive material such as aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel foil and stainless steel foil.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 11a is not particularly limited, and in general, the thickness is preferably about 1 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material layer 11b contains a conductive support agent and a binder as needed along with the positive electrode active material.
- the compounding ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive additive and the binder in the positive electrode active material layer 11b is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium-transition metal complex oxide, lithium-transition metal phosphoric acid compound, lithium-transition metal sulfuric acid compound, solid solution type, ternary system, NiMn type, NiCo type, spinel manganese type and the like. It can be mentioned.
- lithium-transition metal complex oxides examples include LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li (Ni, Mn, Co) O 2 , Li (Li, Ni, Mn, Co) O 2 , LiFePO 4 and the like
- the transition metal may be partially substituted by another element.
- the lithium-transition metal phosphate compound examples include LiFePO 4 and the like.
- lithium-transition metal sulfate compounds include Li x Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and the like.
- ternary systems include nickel-cobalt-manganese composite positive electrode materials and the like.
- spinel manganese include LiMn 2 O 4 and the like.
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 etc. are mentioned as a NiMn type
- NiCo NiCo
- Li (NiCo) O 2 Li (NiCo) O 2
- two or more positive electrode active materials may be used in combination.
- a lithium-transition metal complex oxide is used as a positive electrode active material.
- the particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, but in general, the particle diameter is preferably as small as possible. Therefore, in consideration of working efficiency and ease of handling, the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material may be about 1 to 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- positive electrode active materials other than those described above may be used, and in the case where the optimum particle size is different in expressing the unique effects of each active material, the active materials of the optimum particle sizes are mixed and used. Just do it. Therefore, the particle sizes of all the active materials do not necessarily have to be uniform.
- the binder in the positive electrode active material layer 11b is added for the purpose of binding the active materials or the active material and the positive electrode current collector 11a to maintain the electrode structure.
- a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl acetate, polyimide (PI), polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), Thermoplastic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyether nitrile (PEN), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be used.
- thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and urea resin, and rubber materials such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) can also be used.
- the conductive support agent in the positive electrode active material layer 11 b is also referred to as a conductive agent, and means a conductive additive to be blended to improve the conductivity. It does not restrict
- carbon black such as acetylene black
- carbon materials such as graphite and carbon fiber can be mentioned.
- the incorporation of the conductive aid effectively forms an electronic network inside the active material layer, which contributes to the improvement of the output characteristics of the battery and to the improvement of the reliability by the improvement of the liquid retention of the electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode 12 has a structure in which a negative electrode active material layer 12b is formed on both sides of a negative electrode current collector 12a made of a conductive material.
- the negative electrode current collector 12a is preferably made of a conductive material such as aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel foil and stainless steel foil, as in the case of the positive electrode current collector 11a.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 12a is preferably about 1 to 30 ⁇ m, similarly to the positive electrode current collector 11a.
- the negative electrode active material according to the present embodiment contains the Si-Zn-V-based alloy having the above-described composition as an essential component. Then, as described above, the negative electrode active material layer 12b according to the present embodiment may be a thin film made of the Si-Zn-V-based alloy. In this case, the negative electrode active material layer may be formed only of the Si-Zn-V-based alloy, and may contain other negative electrode active material described later.
- the negative electrode active material layer 12b may be a layer containing particles of the above-mentioned Si-Zn-V-based alloy as a main component.
- the negative electrode active material layer 12 b may contain the above-described conductive aid or binder that can be contained in the positive electrode active material layer 11 b.
- the “main component” refers to a component whose content in the negative electrode active material layer 12 b is 50% by mass or more.
- a negative electrode active material made of a Si-Zn-V-based alloy having the above composition is used.
- the negative electrode active material made of such an alloy is contained as an essential component, there is no hindrance to using a conventionally known negative electrode active material capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing lithium.
- a negative electrode active material for example, graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite etc.) which is high crystalline carbon, low crystalline carbon (soft carbon, hard carbon), carbon black (Ketjen Black (registered trademark), etc.) Carbon materials such as acetylene black, channel black, lamp black, oil furnace black, thermal black, etc., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, carbon fibrils, etc. can be mentioned.
- the negative electrode active material Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Al, In, Zn, H, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Ga
- simple substances of elements to be alloyed with lithium such as Tl, C, N, Sb, Bi, O, S, Se, Te, Cl, oxides and carbides containing these elements, and the like.
- oxides include silicon monoxide (SiO), SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), tin dioxide (SnO 2 ), SnO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SnSiO 3 and the like.
- Silicon carbide (SiC) etc. can be mentioned as a carbide.
- metal materials such as lithium metal, and lithium-transition metal complex oxides such as lithium-titanium complex oxide (lithium titanate: Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) can also be mentioned.
- the negative electrode active material layer 12b may be formed by applying a slurry containing a conductive support agent and a binder together with the negative electrode active material on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 12a. Further, as the negative electrode 12, it is also possible to use a thin film of a negative electrode active material alloy formed directly on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 12a by a multi-component PVD method, a CVD method, or the like.
- the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer are described as being formed on one side or both sides of each current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer can be formed on one side of one current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer can be formed on the other side, and such an electrode is applied to a bipolar battery.
- the electrolyte layer 13 is a layer containing a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the non-aqueous electrolyte has a function as a carrier of lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes at the time of charge and discharge.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 13 is preferably as thin as possible from the viewpoint of reducing the internal resistance, and is usually in the range of about 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 13 is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit a function as a lithium ion carrier, and a liquid electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte can be used.
- the liquid electrolyte has a configuration in which a lithium salt (electrolyte salt) is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- organic solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), Carbonates such as methyl propyl carbonate (MPC) can be mentioned.
- the lithium salt Li (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N, Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2 N, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiTaF 6, LiClO 4, LiCF 3 SO 3 , etc.
- a compound that can be added to the electrode active material layer can be used.
- the polymer electrolyte is classified into a gel polymer electrolyte containing an electrolyte (gel electrolyte) and an intrinsic polymer electrolyte not containing an electrolyte.
- the gel polymer electrolyte has a configuration in which the liquid electrolyte is injected into a matrix polymer (host polymer) preferably comprising an ion conductive polymer.
- a gel polymer electrolyte as the electrolyte is excellent in that the fluidity of the electrolyte is lost and the ion conduction between each layer can be easily blocked.
- the ion conductive polymer used as a matrix polymer (host polymer) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. (PVDF-HFP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and copolymers of these, and the like.
- the ion conductive polymer may be the same as or different from the ion conductive polymer used as an electrolyte in the active material layer, but is preferably the same.
- the type of the electrolytic solution, that is, the lithium salt and the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and an electrolyte salt such as the lithium salt and an organic solvent such as carbonates may be used.
- the intrinsic polymer electrolyte is obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in the above-mentioned matrix polymer, and does not contain an organic solvent. Therefore, by using an intrinsic polymer electrolyte as the electrolyte, there is no concern of liquid leakage from the battery, and the reliability of the battery is improved.
- a gel polymer electrolyte or a matrix polymer of an intrinsic polymer electrolyte can exhibit excellent mechanical strength by forming a crosslinked structure.
- a polymerization treatment may be performed on a polymerizable polymer (for example, PEO or PPO) for forming a polymer electrolyte, using an appropriate polymerization initiator.
- a polymerizable polymer for example, PEO or PPO
- thermal polymerization, ultraviolet polymerization, radiation polymerization, electron beam polymerization and the like can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 13 may be a single one consisting of only one type, or a mixture of two or more types.
- the electrolyte layer 13 is composed of a liquid electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte, it is preferable to use a separator for the electrolyte layer 13.
- a separator the microporous film which consists of polyolefins, such as polyethylene and a polypropylene, is mentioned, for example.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which the battery element 10 to which the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are attached is sealed in the inside of the exterior body 30. And in this embodiment, the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are derived
- Such a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab can be attached to the positive electrode current collector 11a and the negative electrode current collector 12a by, for example, ultrasonic welding or resistance welding.
- the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are made of, for example, materials such as aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, stainless steel (SUS), and alloys of these. However, the materials are not limited to these, and conventionally known materials used as tabs for lithium ion secondary batteries can be used.
- the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 may be made of the same material, or may be made of different materials. Also, as in the present embodiment, separately prepared tabs may be connected to the positive electrode current collector 11a and the negative electrode current collector 12a, or the respective positive electrode current collectors 11a and the respective negative electrode current collectors 12a are extended. Thus, the tabs may be formed. Although not shown, it is preferable to coat the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 of the portion taken out of the package 30 with a heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable tube or the like. As a result, when the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 contact a peripheral device, a wiring, or the like to cause an electric leakage, the possibility of affecting a product (for example, an automobile component, particularly an electronic device) is reduced.
- a product for example, an automobile component, particularly an electronic device
- a current collector plate may be used for the purpose of extracting current outside the battery.
- the current collector plate is electrically connected to the current collector and the leads and taken out of the exterior body 30.
- the material which comprises a current collection board is not specifically limited, The well-known high-conductivity material conventionally used as a current collection board for lithium ion secondary batteries can be used.
- metal materials such as aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, stainless steel (SUS), and these alloys, for example, are preferable, and aluminum, copper, etc. from a lightweight, corrosion resistance, high conductivity viewpoint. More preferable.
- the same material may be used for the positive electrode current collector plate and the negative electrode current collector plate, or different materials may be used.
- the exterior body 30 is preferably formed of a film-like exterior material, for example, from the viewpoint of size reduction and weight reduction.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and conventionally known materials used for an exterior body for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used. That is, a metal can case can also be applied.
- a polymer-metal composite laminate sheet excellent in thermal conductivity from the viewpoint of being able to be suitably used for batteries for large-sized devices of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, which is excellent in high power and cooling performance. It can be used. More specifically, an exterior body formed of an exterior material such as a laminate film having a three-layer structure formed by laminating PP, aluminum, and nylon in this order can be applied.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes the battery element 10 formed by stacking a plurality of battery elements (electrode structures) 14 in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected via the electrolyte layer. ing. And it has the structure which accommodated the battery element 10 in exterior bodies, such as a can and a lamination container.
- the structure of the lithium ion secondary battery is a winding type having a structure in which the positive electrode 11, the electrolyte layer 13 and the negative electrode 12 are wound, and a laminated type having a structure in which the positive electrode 11, the electrolyte layer 13 and the negative electrode 12 are stacked.
- the battery and bipolar battery of FIG. 3 are roughly classified and have a laminated structure. Also, depending on the shape and structure of the battery case, it may be referred to as a so-called coin cell, button battery, laminate battery or the like.
- a sputtering apparatus As a sputtering apparatus, a three-way DC magnetron sputtering apparatus (combination sputtering apparatus manufactured by Daiwa Instruments Industry Co., Ltd., gun-sample distance: about 100 mm) of an independent control system was used. Using this apparatus, a thin film of a negative electrode active material alloy was formed on a substrate (current collector) made of nickel foil and having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m under the following targets and film forming conditions. As a result, 31 types of negative electrode samples provided with a thin film of negative electrode active material alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- the Si target, the Zn target and the V target were used, the sputtering time was fixed to 10 minutes, and the power of the DC power supply was changed in the above range.
- an alloy thin film in an amorphous state was formed on a Ni substrate to obtain a negative electrode sample provided with alloy thin films of various compositions.
- the component compositions of these alloy thin films are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the DC power supply 1 (Si target) was 185 W
- the DC power supply 2 (Zn target) was 40 W
- the DC power supply 3 (V target) was 75 W.
- the DC power supply 1 (Si target) is 185 W
- the DC power supply 2 (Zn target) is 0 W
- the DC power supply 3 (V target) is 80 W.
- sample no. in 35 (comparative example) the DC power supply 1 (Si target) is 185 W
- the DC power supply 2 (Zn target) is 42 W
- the DC power supply 3 (V target) is 0 W.
- the analysis of the obtained alloy thin film was performed by the following analysis method and analyzer.
- Compositional analysis SEM-EDX analysis (manufactured by Nippon Denshi Co., Ltd.), EPMA analysis (manufactured by Nippon Denshi Co., Ltd.)
- Film thickness measurement (for calculating sputtering rate): Film thickness meter (manufactured by Tokyo Instruments Co., Ltd.)
- Membrane state analysis Raman spectroscopy measurement (made by Bruker)
- the electrolyte solution has a concentration of 1 M of LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) in a mixed non-aqueous solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1. It was used as dissolved.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the battery was charged from 2 V to 10 mV at 0.1 mA as a constant current / constant voltage mode.
- a constant current mode was set and discharge was performed from 0.1 mA, 10 mV to 2 V.
- the above charge / discharge cycle was regarded as one cycle, which was repeated 50 times to determine the discharge capacity at the first cycle and the 50th cycle. The results are shown in Table 1 together.
- discharge capacity maintenance ratio (%) at 50th cycle is the ratio of discharge capacity at 50th cycle to the discharge capacity at 1st cycle ((50th discharge capacity) / (1st cycle) Capacity of the battery) ⁇ 100). Further, the charge and discharge capacity indicates a value calculated per alloy weight.
- the Si—Zn—V ternary alloy in the above composition range is used as the negative electrode active material for an electric device. Therefore, by applying such a negative electrode active material to an electric device such as a lithium ion secondary battery, the cycle life of the battery can be improved, and the capacity and the cycle durability can be made excellent.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の電気デバイス用負極活物質は、33質量%~50質量%のケイ素(Si)と、0質量%を超え46質量%以下の亜鉛(Zn)と、21質量%~67質量%のバナジウム(V)とを含有し、残部が不可避不純物である合金を有する。なお、この数値範囲は、図1の符号Aで示す範囲に相当する。そして、この負極活物質は、電気デバイスの負極、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池の負極に用いられる。この場合、上記負極活物質に含有される合金は、電池の充電の際にリチウムイオンを吸収し、放電の際にリチウムイオンを放出する。
本発明の実施形態に係る電気デバイス用負極は、上記Si-Zn-V系合金から成る負極活物質を用いたものである。このような電気デバイスとして、代表的にはリチウムイオン二次電池や電気二重層キャパシタを挙げることができる。そして、当該リチウムイオン二次電池は、図3に示すように、一般に、正極集電体に正極活物質等を塗布した正極11と、負極集電体に負極活物質等を塗布した負極12とが、電解質層13を介して接続され、外装体内に収納された構造を有している。以下、このようなリチウムイオン二次電池の構成やその材料などについてそれぞれ説明する。
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池1において、正極11は、正極集電体11aの両面に正極活物質層11bを形成した構造を有している。
負極12は、正極11と同様に、導電性材料から成る負極集電体12aの両面に負極活物質層12bを形成した構造を有している。負極集電体12aは、正極集電体11aと同様に、例えばアルミニウム箔、銅箔、ニッケル箔及びステンレス箔などの導電性材料から成ることが好ましい。また、負極集電体12aの厚さは、正極集電体11aと同様に、1~30μm程度であることが好ましい。
電解質層13は非水電解質を含む層であり、その非水電解質は充放電時に正負極間を移動するリチウムイオンのキャリアとしての機能を有する。なお、電解質層13の厚さとしては、内部抵抗を低減させる観点から薄いほどよく、通常1~100μm程度、好ましくは5~50μmの範囲とする。
図3に示すように、本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池1は、正極タブ21及び負極タブ22が取り付けられた電池要素10が外装体30の内部に封入された構成を有している。そして、本実施形態においては、正極タブ21及び負極タブ22が、外装体30の内部から外部に向かって、反対方向に導出されている。なお、図示しないが、正極タブ及び負極タブが、外装体の内部から外部に向かって、同一方向に導出されていてもよい。また、このような正極タブ及び負極タブは、例えば超音波溶接や抵抗溶接などにより正極集電体11a及び負極集電体12aに取り付けることができる。
外装体30は、例えば、小型化、軽量化の観点から、フィルム状の外装材で形成されたものであることが好ましい。ただ、これに限定されるものではなく、リチウムイオン二次電池用の外装体に用いられている従来公知の材料を用いることができる。即ち、金属缶ケースを適用することもできる。
上述のように、本実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池は、正極と負極とが電解質層を介して接続された電池素子(電極構造体)14を複数積層してなる電池要素10を有している。そして、電池要素10を缶体やラミネート容器などの外装体に収容した構造を有している。
スパッタ装置として、独立制御方式の三元DCマグネトロンスパッタ装置(大和機器工業株式会社製コンビナトリアルスパッタコーティング装置、ガン-サンプル間距離:約100mm)を使用した。この装置を用い、厚さ20μmのニッケル箔から成る基板(集電体)上に、以下のターゲット及び成膜条件にて、負極活物質合金の薄膜を成膜した。その結果、表1に示す組成を有する負極活物質合金の薄膜を備えた、31種の負極サンプルを得た。
Si:50.8mm径、3mm厚さ(厚さ2mmの無酸素銅製バッキングプレート付)
Zn:50.8mm径、5mm厚さ
V:50.8mm径、5mm厚さ
(2)成膜条件
ベース圧力:~7×10-6Pa
スパッタガス種:Ar(99.9999%以上)
スパッタガス導入量:10sccm
スパッタ圧力:30mTorr
DC電源:ケイ素(185W)、亜鉛(0~50W)、バナジウム(0~150W)
プレスパッタ時間:1min.
スパッタ時間:10min.
基板温度:室温(25℃)
組成分析:SEM-EDX分析(日本電子株式会社製)、EPMA分析(日本電子株式会社製)
膜厚測定(スパッタレート算出のため):膜厚計(株式会社東京インスツルメンツ製)
膜状態分析:ラマン分光測定(ブルカー社製)
上述のようにして得られた各負極サンプルとリチウム箔から成る対極(正極)とをセパレータを介して対向させた後、電解液を注入することによって、IEC60086に規定されたCR2032型コインセルをそれぞれ作製した。なお、リチウム箔は、本城金属株式会社製リチウムフォイルを使用し、直径15mm、厚さ200μmに打ち抜いたものを使用した。また、セパレータは、セルガード社製セルガード2400を使用した。また、電解液は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)を1:1の容積比で混合した混合非水溶媒中に、LiPF6(六フッ化リン酸リチウム)を1Mの濃度となるように溶解させたものを使用した。
上述のようにして得られた各々の電池に対して、充放電試験を実施した。すなわち、充放電試験機を使用し、300K(27℃)の温度に設定された恒温槽中にて、充電及び放電を行った。なお、充放電試験機としては北斗電工株式会社製HJ0501SM8Aを使用し、恒温槽としてはエスペック株式会社製PFU-3Kを使用した。
10 電池要素
11 正極
12 負極
12a 負極集電体
12b 負極活物質層
13 電解質層
30 外装体
Claims (6)
- 33~50質量%のケイ素と、0を超え46質量%以下の亜鉛と、21~67質量%のバナジウムとを含有し、残部が不可避不純物である合金を有することを特徴とする電気デバイス用負極活物質。
- 上記合金が、33~47質量%のケイ素と、11~27質量%の亜鉛と、33~56質量%のバナジウムを含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気デバイス用負極活物質。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の負極活物質を含有することを特徴とする電気デバイス用負極。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の負極活物質を備えることを特徴とする電気デバイス。
- 請求項3に記載の負極を備えることを特徴とする電気デバイス。
- リチウムイオン二次電池であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の電気デバイス。
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US14/119,057 US9048492B2 (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2012-03-07 | Negative electrode active material for electric device |
MX2013013478A MX336099B (es) | 2011-05-25 | 2012-03-07 | Material activo de electrodos negativos para dispositivo electrico. |
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WO2014080896A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電気デバイス用負極、及びこれを用いた電気デバイス |
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EP2924778B1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2018-09-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd | Negative electrode for electrical device and electrical device provided with same |
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RU175681U1 (ru) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-14 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Федеральное государственное казенное учреждение "Войсковая часть 68240" | Отрицательный электрод литий-ионного аккумулятора на основе кремний-углеродной композиционной пленки |
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CN103563135A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
US9048492B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
MY159205A (en) | 2016-12-30 |
MX2013013478A (es) | 2014-02-27 |
TW201304257A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
MX336099B (es) | 2016-01-08 |
CN103563135B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
KR20140024428A (ko) | 2014-02-28 |
RU2540948C1 (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
JP2012248300A (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
US20140110628A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
BR112013030094A2 (pt) | 2016-09-20 |
EP2717356A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2717356B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
JP5751449B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2717356A4 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
KR101644223B1 (ko) | 2016-07-29 |
TWI456824B (zh) | 2014-10-11 |
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