WO2012157637A1 - 磁力特性算出方法、磁力特性算出装置及びコンピュータプログラム - Google Patents
磁力特性算出方法、磁力特性算出装置及びコンピュータプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012157637A1 WO2012157637A1 PCT/JP2012/062396 JP2012062396W WO2012157637A1 WO 2012157637 A1 WO2012157637 A1 WO 2012157637A1 JP 2012062396 W JP2012062396 W JP 2012062396W WO 2012157637 A1 WO2012157637 A1 WO 2012157637A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/16—Measuring susceptibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0064—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables comprising means for performing simulations, e.g. of the magnetic variable to be measured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/038—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using permanent magnets, e.g. balances, torsion devices
- G01R33/0385—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using permanent magnets, e.g. balances, torsion devices in relation with magnetic force measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for storing magnet information and calculating the magnetic force characteristics of the magnet by a calculation means, and in particular, the magnetic force characteristics inside the magnet introduced by diffusing heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium from the surface of the magnet.
- the present invention relates to a magnetic force characteristic calculation method, a magnetic force characteristic calculation device, and a computer program that can accurately calculate a demagnetization characteristic.
- Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnets are used in various devices, particularly hard disk drives or various motors.
- the Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet When the Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet is exposed to a high temperature or a demagnetizing field is applied, the residual magnetic flux density may decrease (demagnetization).
- This demagnetization includes “reversible demagnetization” that recovers when the temperature is returned to room temperature and “irreversible demagnetization” that does not recover.
- the temperature of the usage environment varies, and it is required that irreversible demagnetization does not occur even when a demagnetizing field is applied at a high temperature.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for diffusing heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium from the magnet surface into the magnet. Thereby, it is possible to manufacture a high-performance permanent magnet with improved coercive force while suppressing a decrease in the residual magnetic flux density of the entire permanent magnet.
- Patent Documents 3 to 5 disclose methods for evaluating demagnetization of permanent magnets.
- the coercive force of the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet in which a heavy rare earth element such as dysprosium is introduced from the surface and diffused into the outer shell or inside of the main phase, is particularly high near the surface of the magnet. And heterogeneous.
- the coercive force changes nonlinearly with respect to the temperature change, and the demagnetizing field is different at each part. Therefore, the demagnetizing factor is different at each part. Therefore, in order to accurately determine the demagnetization factor of a Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet in which heavy rare earth elements are unevenly distributed from the magnet surface to the main phase outer shell, the demagnetization factor is different for each part having a different coercive force inside the magnet. Need to get.
- Each of the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 3 to 5 is a method for obtaining the demagnetization factor for each part in the magnet, but the initial value is calculated from the magnetic flux density and demagnetization factor of the whole magnet measured in bulk. It was the composition to do.
- the inventor estimated the distribution of the coercive force in the magnet after the diffusion treatment using information on the known increase in coercive force of the magnet in which dysprosium was diffused, and as a result, the measured value could be reproduced with high accuracy. I got the knowledge. If the coercive force distribution before demagnetization in the Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet in which the heavy rare earth element is diffused can be estimated, it is possible to accurately calculate the demagnetization factor in different portions in the subsequent magnet.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge, and accurately calculates the distribution of the coercive force increase amount inside the magnet introduced by diffusing heavy rare earth elements from the surface to the inside, and the magnetic force characteristics inside the magnet, particularly the demagnetization characteristics. It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic property calculation method, a magnetic property calculation device, and a computer program that can be performed.
- the magnetic force characteristic calculation method is a method for obtaining magnetic force characteristics in a magnet introduced by diffusing heavy rare earth elements from the surface to the inside.
- Information on the introduction amount-coercivity increase amount characteristic indicating the diffusion condition information including the diffusion coefficient, diffusion flux and processing time in the diffusion of heavy rare earth elements is stored in advance, and the size and shape of the magnet are determined.
- the first step of receiving the shape information shown the second step of receiving the introduction surface information corresponding to the received shape information, the diffusion equation based on the stored diffusion condition information, Third step of calculating the introduction amount distribution in the magnet, the calculated introduction amount distribution, and the stored introduction amount-coercivity increasing amount characteristic information
- the basis characterized in that it comprises a fourth step of calculating the distribution of the coercive force increase due to the introduction to diffuse the heavy rare earth elements in said magnet.
- the magnetic characteristic calculation method according to the present invention is characterized in that the diffusion coefficient is expressed as a function of concentration dependency of the introduced heavy rare earth element.
- the magnetic characteristic calculation method prestores and stores a magnetization curve before heavy rare earth element diffusion and temperature coefficient information indicating a coercivity change rate with respect to a temperature change of a magnet different for each coercive force.
- the method further includes a seventh step of calculating a demagnetization factor at the predetermined first temperature after demagnetization is applied.
- the magnetic characteristic calculation method includes an eighth step of calculating demagnetization characteristics at different temperatures of the magnet based on the distribution of the coercive force increase calculated in the fourth step, and the demagnetization factor of the magnet is predetermined.
- the method further includes a ninth step of specifying a demagnetization temperature that is equal to or less than the ratio.
- the magnetic characteristic calculation apparatus is a magnetic characteristic calculation apparatus for obtaining magnetic characteristics in a magnet introduced by diffusing heavy rare earth elements from the surface to the inside.
- Storage means for storing introduction amount-coercivity increase amount characteristic information indicating the characteristics of the amount, and diffusion condition information including diffusion coefficient, diffusion flux and processing time in diffusion of heavy rare earth elements, size of the magnet Means for accepting shape information indicating the shape and shape, means for accepting introduction surface information corresponding to the accepted shape information, introduced using a diffusion equation based on information on the diffusion conditions stored in the storage means Means for calculating the introduction amount distribution of heavy rare earth elements in the magnet, and the calculated introduction amount distribution and the introduction amount stored in the storage means ⁇
- the magnetic force increment characteristic information characterized in that it comprises a coercive force increase amount distribution calculating means for calculating a distribution of the coercive force increase due to the heavy rare earth element has been introduced by diffusion in the inside magnet.
- the magnetic characteristic calculation apparatus stores in advance a magnetization curve before heavy rare earth element diffusion and temperature coefficient information indicating a coercivity change rate with respect to a temperature change of a magnet different for each coercive force, And means for calculating a magnetization curve at a predetermined first temperature of the magnet based on the magnetization curve and the distribution of the coercive force increase calculated by the coercive force increase distribution calculating means, And means for calculating a magnetization curve at a predetermined second temperature based on the stored information of the temperature coefficient, and a different demagnetizing field is applied to each part at the second temperature based on the calculated magnetization curve.
- the apparatus further comprises means for calculating a demagnetizing factor at the predetermined first temperature after magnetizing.
- the magnetic force characteristic calculation apparatus includes means for calculating demagnetization characteristics at different temperatures of the magnet based on the distribution of coercive force increase calculated by the coercive force increase distribution calculating means, and The apparatus further includes means for specifying a demagnetization temperature at which the demagnetization factor is equal to or lower than a predetermined rate.
- the computer program according to the present invention diffuses and introduces the magnetic characteristics of the magnet introduced by diffusing heavy rare earth elements from the surface into the computer with the storage means with respect to the introduction amount of the heavy rare earth elements stored in the storage means.
- the amount of coercivity increase due to the introduction-coercivity increase amount characteristic information, and the diffusion condition information including the diffusion coefficient, diffusion flux and processing time in the diffusion of heavy rare earth elements are calculated.
- a computer program comprising: a first step of acquiring shape information indicating the size and shape of the magnet; a second step of acquiring introduction surface information corresponding to the shape information; and the stored diffusion
- a fourth step of calculating is executed.
- the computer program according to the present invention further uses a storage means that stores a magnetization curve before diffusion of the heavy rare earth element and information on a temperature coefficient indicating a coercivity change rate with respect to a temperature change of a magnet different for each coercivity, A fifth step of calculating a magnetization curve at a predetermined first temperature of each part of the magnet based on the magnetization curve stored in the computer and the distribution of the increase in coercive force calculated in the fourth step; And a sixth step of calculating a magnetization curve at a predetermined second temperature based on the stored magnetization coefficient and the stored temperature coefficient information, and a second curve based on the magnetization curve calculated in the sixth step.
- a seventh step of calculating a demagnetization factor at the predetermined first temperature after a different demagnetizing field is applied to each part and demagnetized is further performed.
- the computer program according to the present invention includes an eighth step of calculating demagnetization characteristics of the magnet at different temperatures based on the distribution of the coercive force increase calculated in the fourth step, and a demagnetizing factor of the magnet.
- a ninth step of specifying a demagnetization temperature at which the value becomes a predetermined rate or less is further performed.
- a diffusion equation is used based on information on diffusion conditions (diffusion coefficient, diffusion flux, and processing time) corresponding to information on the shape of a magnet for which magnetic properties are calculated and information on the introduction surface of a heavy rare earth element such as dysprosium.
- diffusion coefficient diffusion coefficient
- diffusion flux diffusion flux
- processing time processing time
- the distribution of the introduction amount of heavy rare earth elements in the magnet is calculated.
- the distribution of the increase in coercive force due to diffusion of heavy rare earth elements in the magnet is obtained.
- the diffusion coefficient which is one of the diffusion conditions is indicated by a function having the concentration of the introduced heavy rare earth element as a parameter, and is used in the diffusion equation when calculating the distribution of the introduced amount.
- a predetermined first temperature at each part of the magnet after diffusion is obtained.
- a magnetization curve at for example, room temperature
- each of the magnets after diffusion is determined based on the temperature coefficient information indicating the coercivity change rate with respect to the temperature change stored for each different coercivity from the obtained magnetization curve.
- a magnetism curve at a predetermined second temperature (for example, a heating temperature) at a part is obtained, and further, after the magnetic field returns to the first temperature (normal temperature) after a different demagnetizing field is applied at the predetermined second temperature
- the magnetization curve (magnetic force characteristic) of each part is obtained. Thereby, it becomes possible to calculate the demagnetization factor of the whole magnet with high accuracy.
- a predetermined first temperature for example, room temperature
- the demagnetization factor of the entire magnet at the first temperature when demagnetization is applied by applying different demagnetization fields at a plurality of second temperatures having different coercive forces, and the demagnetization temperature that is not more than a predetermined rate is specified.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a Dy introduction amount and a coercive force increase amount, which is an example of the contents of a Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database. It is a graph which shows the example of correction of a JH curve.
- DELTA coercive force increase amount
- the magnetic property calculation method is executed by a computer to operate as a magnetic property calculator, and dysprosium (hereinafter referred to as Dy) is diffused as a heavy rare earth element.
- Dy dysprosium
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the magnetic force characteristic calculation apparatus 1 in the present embodiment.
- a personal computer is used for the magnetic force characteristic calculation apparatus 1 in the present embodiment.
- the magnetic characteristic calculation device 1 controls the operation of each component and performs a calculation, a storage unit 11 that stores various information, a temporary storage unit 12 that is used for processing of the calculation unit 10,
- a reading unit 13 that reads information from the portable recording medium 2 and an input / output device such as a display 14, a keyboard 15, a mouse 16, and an operation unit 10 are provided.
- the calculation unit 10 uses a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), or the like.
- the computing unit 10 reads and executes the magnetic property calculation program 1P stored in the storage unit 11. Thereby, the arithmetic unit 10 executes each process for calculating the magnetic property of the Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet used for the design.
- the storage unit 11 uses an external storage device such as a hard disk or a solid state drive.
- the storage unit 11 stores the above-described magnetic force characteristic calculation program 1P, and the Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database (introduction amount), which will be described later, so that the calculation unit 10 can refer to it when calculating the magnetic force characteristic.
- -Coercive force increase amount characteristic information 111 and diffusion condition database (information on diffusion conditions including diffusion coefficient, diffusion bundle, and processing time in diffusion processing of heavy rare earth elements such as Dy) 112 are stored.
- the temporary storage unit 12 uses a volatile random access memory such as DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SRAM (Static RAM) or the like.
- the temporary storage unit 12 temporarily stores various information generated by the processing of the calculation unit 10 such as the magnetic force characteristic calculation program 1P read from the storage unit 11.
- the reading unit 13 can read data from the portable recording medium 2 such as a DVD, a CD-ROM, or a flexible disk.
- a magnetic property calculation program 2P for operating the computer as the magnetic property calculation device 1 is recorded.
- the magnetic property calculation program 1P stored in the storage unit 11 may be a copy of the magnetic property calculation program 2P read from the portable recording medium 2 by the reading unit 13 by the calculation unit 10.
- the I / F 17 is a process for outputting image information output by the calculation unit 10 to the display 14 as described later, a process for detecting information input by the keyboard 15 and notifying the calculation unit 10, and an input by the mouse 16.
- the process etc. which detect the information to be notified and notify to the calculating part 10 are performed.
- An operator (engineer) who operates the magnetic force characteristic calculation device 1 to design a magnet and a product using the magnet uses the keyboard 15 and the mouse 16 to input information about the magnet used by the operator for the design. It is possible to cause the calculation unit 10 to calculate the characteristics of the magnet.
- a demagnetization factor due to heat and a demagnetizing field is calculated as a magnetic characteristic of an Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet that diffuses heavy rare earth elements such as Dy.
- the process of specifying the maximum temperature (demagnetization temperature) that is equal to or lower than the demagnetization factor will be described.
- Dy will be described as an example of the diffused rare earth element.
- the arithmetic unit 10 obtains the distribution of the increase amount ( ⁇ HcJ) of the coercive force (HcJ) after Dy diffusion in the magnet whose characteristics are to be calculated.
- the calculation unit 10 obtains the coercive force (HcJ) distribution in the magnet based on the coercive force of the base material before diffusion, identifies the JH curve in each part, and determines the predetermined temperature ( When used at a predetermined second temperature, for example, 100 ° C., the demagnetization factor after returning to normal temperature (the predetermined first temperature, for example, 20 ° C.) is calculated. Furthermore, the calculating part 10 specifies the demagnetization temperature which becomes below a predetermined demagnetization factor.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which the calculation unit 10 of the magnetic force characteristic calculation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment calculates the magnetic force characteristic of the magnet after Dy diffusion.
- the calculation unit 10 creates a screen for inputting or selecting shape information indicating the size and shape of the magnet, and outputs the screen to the display 14 via the I / F 17, and the magnet shape information is input to the I / F using the keyboard 15 and the mouse 16. Accept through F17 (step S1).
- the calculation unit 10 creates a screen for inputting or selecting introduction surface information indicating from which surface of the magnet the Dy is diffused and introduced, and outputs the screen to the display 14 via the I / F 17, and the keyboard 15 and the mouse 16.
- the introduction surface information is received via the I / F 17 (step S2).
- the magnet shape information received in step S1 is, for example, mesh information (node / element information) of the finite element method.
- the introduction surface information received in step S2 is information that specifies the number of introduction surfaces corresponding to the shape information and each of the introduction surfaces.
- the calculation unit 10 reads information on the stored diffusion conditions (diffusion coefficient, diffusion bundle, processing time) from the diffusion condition database 112 in correspondence with the received shape information and introduction surface information.
- the arithmetic unit 10 uses the diffusion equation that is Fick's diffusion equation (second law) based on the information on the read diffusion conditions (diffusion coefficient, diffusion bundle, processing time) for the received shape information and introduction surface information. Then, the Dy introduction amount distribution in the magnet is calculated (step S3).
- the diffusion equation and diffusion conditions (diffusion coefficient, diffusion bundle, processing time) will be described later.
- the computing unit 10 calculates the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution in the magnet based on the Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database 111 based on the Dy introduction amount distribution calculated in step S3 (step S4).
- the computing unit 10 performs Dy diffusion at the first temperature (for example, normal temperature (20 ° C.)) based on the magnet characteristics of the magnet before diffusion, that is, the base material of the magnet, and the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ calculated in step S4.
- the subsequent coercive force HcJ distribution is calculated (step S5).
- the calculation unit 10 considers different temperature coefficients based on the calculated coercive force HcJ distribution, and calculates the JH curve when the magnet temperature rises to the second demagnetization evaluation temperature (for example, 100 ° C.).
- Step S6 and after demagnetization has occurred by applying a load to which a demagnetizing field is applied in a state where the temperature of the magnet has increased to the second demagnetization evaluation temperature, the temperature is returned to the first temperature.
- the JH curve is calculated based on the stored temperature coefficient (step S7).
- the computing unit 10 calculates the demagnetization factor at the second temperature of the demagnetization evaluation temperature based on the calculation results of step S6 and step S7 (step S8).
- the demagnetization rate the torque reduction rate of the motor characteristic using the magnet to be evaluated at normal temperature before and after reaching the demagnetization evaluation temperature is used.
- the calculation unit 10 determines whether or not the second temperature at which the demagnetization factor is calculated in step S8 is the maximum second temperature that is equal to or lower than a predetermined demagnetization factor (step S9). If it is not the maximum second temperature (S9: NO), the process returns to step S6, another temperature is set as the second temperature, and the processes of steps S6-S8 are repeated. On the other hand, when the calculation unit 10 determines that the maximum second temperature is reached (S9: YES), the second temperature is specified as a demagnetization temperature at which the demagnetization factor of the magnet is equal to or less than a predetermined rate, and processing Exit.
- step S3 the calculation process of the Dy introduction amount distribution in step S3 will be described.
- Fick's diffusion equation (second law) is used as the diffusion equation. This Fick's diffusion equation is used in a non-steady state diffusion process where time is not considered infinite, that is, when the concentration in diffusion changes over time.
- boundary conditions Neumann boundary conditions or Dirichlet boundary conditions are set on the magnet surface.
- the diffusion coefficient is a coefficient representing the ease of Dy diffusion
- the diffusion bundle is the amount of Dy that passes through the unit area of the diffusion surface per unit time
- the processing time is the time when Dy diffusion is performed.
- the diffusion coefficient is a Dy concentration-dependent coefficient.
- Such a diffusion coefficient is identified by determining a diffusion coefficient (function) considering the concentration dependence.
- the function indicating the diffusion coefficient is determined so as to coincide with the actually measured coercive force ⁇ HcJ.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the concentration and the diffusion coefficient, which is an example of the contents of the diffusion condition database 112.
- the diffusion coefficient D with respect to the concentration C is shown by a graph.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which the arithmetic unit 10 identifies the diffusion coefficient.
- the diffusion coefficient D decreases exponentially as the concentration C increases.
- the calculation unit 10 defines the following expression (1) as an approximate expression of the diffusion coefficient D in consideration of concentration dependency (step S31).
- D k1 ⁇ EXP ( ⁇ k2 ⁇ C) + k3 (1)
- C Concentration k1, k2, k3: Coefficient
- the calculation unit 10 sets the values of the coefficients k1, k2, and k3, and calculates the diffusion coefficient D according to the above equation (1) (step S32).
- the computing unit 10 calculates the Dy introduction amount distribution using the diffusion equation based on the calculated diffusion coefficient D (step S33).
- the computing unit 10 converts the calculated distribution of the Dy introduction amount in the magnet into a coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution in the magnet based on the Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database 111 (step S34).
- the calculation unit 10 compares the converted coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution with the actually measured coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution, and determines whether or not the difference is within a predetermined range (step S35). If the arithmetic unit 10 determines that it is not within the predetermined range (S35: NO), it returns the process to step S32, sets different values for the coefficients k1, k2, and k3, and recalculates the diffusion coefficient D. Thereafter, the processes in steps S33 to S35 are repeated.
- the calculation unit 10 determines that the difference falls within the predetermined range (S35: YES)
- the calculation unit 10 identifies the diffusion coefficient D using the values of the coefficients k1, k2, and k3 at that time (step S35). S36), the process is terminated.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the Dy introduction amount and the coercive force increase amount, which is an example of the contents of the Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database 111.
- the coercivity increase amount ⁇ HcJ relative to the Dy introduction amount is shown by a graph. Show.
- the Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database 111 may be information on the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ for each of a plurality of different Dy introduction amounts, or a mathematical formula approximating the curve shown in the explanatory diagram of FIG. Also good.
- the JH curve is important information for specifying the magnetic characteristics representing the relationship between the magnetization J (T) and the magnetic field H (A / m) in the magnetization curve of the magnet.
- the storage unit 11 of the magnetic property calculation device 1 stores information on the magnetic properties of the magnet that is the base material before diffusion.
- the magnetic characteristic information includes a magnetization curve (JH curve, BH curve).
- the calculation unit 10 uses the magnetization curve of the base material to obtain the coercive force HcJ for each part from the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ due to diffusion, and calculates the JH curve for each part from the obtained coercive force HcJ.
- the calculated JH curve is corrected using the stored temperature coefficient for each coercive force, and magnetic properties at normal temperature (first temperature, eg 20 ° C.), high temperature (second temperature, eg 100 ° C.) ) Magnetic properties.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a modification example of the JH curve.
- the horizontal axis represents the magnetic field H, and the vertical axis represents the magnetization J.
- a thin broken line in FIG. 6 shows a JH curve at an arbitrary portion in the magnet after diffusion at 20 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- a permeance coefficient Pc ′ (line i in FIG. 6) on the JH curve at no load is calculated.
- the permeance coefficient here is a permeance coefficient on the JH curve, and the same applies to the following description.
- the no-load permeance coefficient Pc ′ is determined by the shape and magnetic circuit structure of the magnet for which magnetic characteristics are to be calculated.
- the operating point at 20 ° C. when no load is applied is the intersection of line i and the JH curve at 20 ° C. It becomes (A).
- the calculation unit 10 calculates the operating point B when a load is applied at 20 ° C., translates the line i so as to overlap the operating point B, and sets the line ii, thereby calculating the applied demagnetizing field Hd. To do.
- the computing unit 10 calculates the operating point C when the demagnetizing field Hd is applied at 100 ° C., using the JH curve at 100 ° C. and the line ii. Since the operating point C is below the bend (knic) of the JH curve at 100 ° C., irreversible demagnetization has occurred.
- An equivalent JH curve when demagnetization occurs when a demagnetizing field Hd is applied at 100 ° C. is shown by a thick broken line in FIG.
- the magnetic field H when the magnetization J is zero is the coercive force HcJ
- the magnetization J when the magnetic field H is zero is the residual magnetic flux density Br.
- the arithmetic unit 10 calculates the JH curve at 20 ° C. after irreversible demagnetization at 100 ° C. as the equivalent JH curve when the demagnetization field Hd is applied at 100 ° C. (thick in FIG. 6). HcJ and Br on the broken line are calculated based on the stored temperature coefficient information.
- the JH curve at 20 ° C. after irreversible demagnetization occurs at 100 ° C. is shown by the thick solid line in FIG.
- the coercive force of the Dy diffused magnet is not uniform within the magnet, and the coercive force differs from site to site. Therefore, since the degree of decrease in the residual magnetic flux density Br varies from part to part, in order to accurately obtain the demagnetization characteristic of the magnet, the difference in temperature change of the coercive force must be taken into account for each part. Therefore, temperature coefficients corresponding to different coercive forces (absolute values) are necessary.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of the content of the temperature coefficient of the coercive force stored in advance in the storage unit 11.
- the horizontal axis represents the coercive force HcJ (kA / m)
- the vertical axis represents the change rate ⁇ (% / ° C.) of the coercive force with respect to the temperature change.
- a quadratic approximate expression is calculated for the coercive force HcJ from the measured value of the temperature change coefficient indicated by the white circle in FIG.
- a temperature coefficient can be used for the magnetic force HcJ. By doing so, it is possible to accurately calculate the magnetic property of the Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet after Dy diffusion having different coercive force values for each part, that is, having a coercive force distribution. .
- step S8 the demagnetization factor when the load is applied in a state where the magnet after diffusion is heated to 100 ° C. and demagnetization occurs can be calculated in step S8.
- the calculation unit 10 converts the JH curve calculated for each part in step S7 into a BH curve, and is based on an existing program for calculating the demagnetization factor of the entire magnet. Calculate by processing.
- step S6 a JH curve at 100 ° C. is calculated, and a JH curve when the magnetic field is reduced to 20 ° C. after demagnetizing at 100 ° C. is calculated in step S7.
- the demagnetization factor at 100 ° C. has been calculated, it is of course possible to calculate the demagnetization factor at different temperatures by setting the temperature in step S 6 to a temperature other than 100 ° C.
- step S8 a plurality of different demagnetization factors are calculated for each coercive force, and in step S9, a temperature (demagnetization temperature) at which the demagnetization factor is equal to or lower than a predetermined rate is specified and obtained as the demagnetization characteristic of the magnet after Dy diffusion. be able to.
- Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnets used in motors are often used at high temperatures due to the rotation of the motor, the environment around the motors, etc., and the degree of decrease in residual magnetic flux density due to temperature is important. That is, it is necessary to know information such as how much temperature is not demagnetized even if it is continuously used. Therefore, the demagnetization factor or demagnetization temperature accurately obtained by the magnetic force characteristic calculation apparatus 1 in the present embodiment is very useful.
- the magnetic force characteristic of the magnet used in the IPM motor in particular, the demagnetization characteristic (demagnetization factor) with respect to temperature, Compared.
- the calculation result and the comparison result will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic top perspective view of the IPM motor of this embodiment.
- 3 is the IPM motor of this embodiment
- M is an Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet used in the IPM motor 3 and subjected to Dy diffusion.
- the IPM motor 3 is configured to be fitted into the rotor so as to be arranged in a V shape.
- Each of the magnets M has a flat plate shape.
- the Dy introduction surface is a magnet M, M,..., An outer peripheral surface of each IPM motor 3 and a surface perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface.
- NMX-S52 manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd., Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the magnetic properties of the base material of the magnet M of this example.
- FIG. 9 shows magnetization curves at 20 ° C., 60 ° C., 100 ° C., and 140 ° C., with the horizontal axis indicating the magnetic field H (kA / m) and the vertical axis indicating the magnetization B or J (T).
- the upper curve is the JH curve
- the lower curve is the BH curve.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the correspondence between the Dy introduction amount and the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ for the base material of this example.
- the horizontal axis represents the Dy introduction amount (mass%)
- the vertical axis represents the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ (kA / m)
- the measured values are indicated by white circles
- the approximate expression is indicated by the solid line.
- the Dy diffused base material is cut into individual samples of 2.8 mm ⁇ 2.8 mm ⁇ 1.0 mm, and the amount of Dy introduced is measured by using an ICP (Inductively-Coupled-Plasma) analysis method. Obtained.
- ICP Inductively-Coupled-Plasma
- ⁇ HcJ was determined from the difference in coercive force HcJ of the base material from the coercive force HcJ of the sample measured with a VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). As shown in FIG. 10, by storing the corresponding Dy introduction amount- ⁇ HcJ database 111 in the storage unit 11, the calculation unit 10 can calculate the ⁇ HcJ distribution in the magnet as described above.
- the magnet M was manufactured by the method described in Patent Document 1 by setting the processing temperature to 900 ° C. and supplying Dy for 4.0 hours and then diffusing.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing magnet shape information used for verifying the calculation accuracy of the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution.
- magnets with different thicknesses of a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape having a length of 42.5 mm, a width of 32.5 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 mm or 9.5 mm are described in Patent Document 1 under the same conditions.
- the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ at the center portion C and the peripheral portion R of the upper surface of the magnet was measured.
- the upper surface peripheral edge is a portion having a distance of 2.0 mm from the long side (42.5 mm) and a distance from the short side (32.5 mm) of about 24 mm.
- Dy was diffused from the top surface and the four side surfaces to the magnet in the same manner.
- the ICP analysis method was used for the measurement of the Dy concentration.
- the coercive force HcJ was measured using a VSM after cutting out a magnet at each measurement site of 2.8 mm ⁇ 2.8 mm ⁇ 1.0 mm.
- the ICP analysis method and the VSM measurement pitch were measured with a plurality of magnets manufactured under the same conditions so that the measurement pitch could be 0.5 mm.
- FIG. 12 shows the calculation of the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution at the depth (distance) ⁇ in the central portion C (FIG. 12A) and the peripheral portion R (FIG. 12B) of a magnet having a thickness of 9.5 mm. It is a graph which shows a result and an actual measurement result.
- the horizontal axis indicates the depth ⁇ in “mm (millimeter)” units
- the vertical axis indicates the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ in “kA / m (kiloampere per meter)” units.
- the calculation results (marked with ⁇ ) and the measurement results (marked with ⁇ ) every 0.5 mm within a depth (distance) ⁇ in the range of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm are the central part and the peripheral part. Both match with high accuracy.
- FIG. 13 shows the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ distribution at the depth (distance) ⁇ in the central portion C (FIG. 13A) and the peripheral portion R (FIG. 13B) of the 2.5 mm thick magnet. It is a graph which shows the calculation result and actual measurement result. The horizontal and vertical axes in FIG. 13 are the same as those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the calculation result ( ⁇ mark) and the measurement result ( ⁇ mark) every 0.5 mm within the range of depth (distance) ⁇ from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm are the central part and the peripheral part. Both match with high accuracy.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram schematically showing an example of the ⁇ HcJ distribution calculated for the magnet M of this example.
- ⁇ HcJ distribution is shown in the axial center section and the width direction center section of the magnet M.
- the outer peripheral surface of the IPM motor 3 and the surface perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface are Dy introduction surfaces. Accordingly, the coercive force increase amount ⁇ HcJ in the magnet M is calculated to have a distribution that increases on the outer peripheral surface side of the IPM motor 3 and on the surface side perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface of each magnet M and decreases on the center side of the IPM motor 3. ing.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing an example in which the calculation result and the measurement result of the demagnetization characteristic of the IPM motor 3 using the magnet M of the present embodiment having the ⁇ HcJ distribution shown in FIG. 14 are compared.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 15 represents the demagnetization evaluation temperature (° C.) for evaluating the demagnetization factor, and the vertical axis represents the demagnetization factor (%).
- a circle indicates an actual measurement value of a demagnetization factor with respect to different temperatures of the base material before Dy diffusion treatment, a solid line indicates a calculated value of the demagnetization factor of the base material, and a triangle mark indicates a demagnetization factor of the magnet M in which Dy is diffused. The actually measured value and the broken line are calculated values of the demagnetization factor of the magnet M.
- the demagnetization factor is obtained by operating the IPM motor 3 using the magnet M in a thermostatic chamber in which the temperature is set, returning the temperature to room temperature, measuring the torque in the room temperature state, and at normal temperature before the load is applied. The reduction rate with respect to the torque was calculated and obtained. As shown in FIG. 15, the temperature of the thermostatic bath was set every 10 ° C. from 50 to 140 ° C., and the IPM motor 3 was rotated at each set temperature.
- the temperature at which the demagnetization factor of the base material was 2% was 101 ° C. in the actual measurement value, 100 ° C. in the calculated value, and the error was plus 1 ° C.
- the temperature at which the demagnetizing factor of the magnet M in which Dy was diffused was 2% was 122 ° C. in the actual measurement value, 124 ° C. in the calculated value, and the error was plus 2 ° C.
- the analysis error is 10 ° C. or less, and the demagnetization characteristics can be analyzed with sufficient accuracy. It can be seen that the demagnetization heat resistance of the magnet M is improved by Dy diffusion.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are schematic diagrams schematically showing calculation results of the distribution of the Br decrease rate at a temperature when the magnet M of the present example having the ⁇ HcJ distribution shown in FIG. 14 is demagnetized by 2%.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a base material
- FIG. 17 shows an example of a diffusing material (a magnet M in which Dy is diffused).
- the distribution of the base material and the magnet M in the central cross section in the axial direction and the central cross section in the width direction is shown.
- the base material is calculated to have a demagnetization factor of 2% at 100 ° C.
- the base metal has a uniform coercive force distribution, but the Br reduction rate has a distribution, and the outer corner portion of the IPM motor 3 has the highest Br reduction rate. It has been calculated by calculation that the magnet M in which Dy is diffused has a demagnetization factor of 2% at 124 ° C., and the Br reduction rate at this time is the Br at the portion where the increase in the coercive force shown in FIG. There is a tendency that the reduction rate of Br is low at a portion where the reduction rate is low and the increase in the coercive force is small.
- the Br reduction rate was calculated from the amount of Br decrease when the magnet M was heated to a temperature at which demagnetization evaluation was performed, a demagnetizing field was applied, and the temperature was returned to room temperature (20 ° C.).
- the demagnetization factor can be obtained with high accuracy.
- the example which uses Dy as a heavy rare earth element was demonstrated.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and can be widely applied to the calculation of the magnetic properties of magnets obtained by diffusing heavy rare earth elements such as Tb.
- the example which uses the flat shape for the shape of a magnet was demonstrated.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and can be widely applied to the calculation of magnetic characteristics of arcuate, ring, and bar-shaped magnets.
- the motor is not limited to the IPM motor but can be applied to an SPM motor.
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Abstract
Description
なお、以下の実施の形態では、本発明に係るコンピュータプログラムに基づき、磁力特性算出方法をコンピュータに実行させて磁力特性算出装置として動作させ、重希土類元素としてジスプロシウム(以下Dyと表記する)を拡散させたNd-Fe-B系焼結磁石の磁力特性を算出する例を説明する。
D=k1・EXP(-k2・C)+k3 …(1)
C:濃度
k1,k2,k3:係数
NMX-S52(日立金属株式会社製、Nd-Fe-B系焼結磁石)
D=5.0×10-11 ・EXP(-7.0・C)+1.1×10-11 …(2)
10 演算部
11 記憶部
111 Dy導入量-ΔHcJデータベース(導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報)
112 拡散条件データベース(重希土類元素の拡散における拡散係数と拡散束と処理時間とを含む拡散条件の情報)
1P 磁力特性算出プログラム
2P 磁力特性算出プログラム
M 磁石
Claims (10)
- 重希土類元素を表面から内部に拡散させ導入した磁石における磁力特性を求める方法において、
重希土類元素導入量に対する拡散させ導入したことによる保磁力の増加量の特性を示す導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報、及び、重希土類元素の拡散における拡散係数と拡散束と処理時間とを含む拡散条件の情報を予め記憶しておき、
前記磁石の大きさと形状とを示す形状情報を受け付ける第1ステップ、
受け付けた形状情報に対応させて、導入面情報を受け付ける第2ステップ、
記憶してある前記拡散条件の情報に基づき拡散方程式を用いて、導入した重希土類元素の前記磁石内における導入量分布を算出する第3ステップ、並びに、
算出した導入量分布と、記憶してある前記導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報とに基づき、前記磁石内における重希土類元素を拡散させ導入したことによる保磁力増加量の分布を算出する第4ステップ
を含むことを特徴とする磁力特性算出方法。 - 前記拡散係数は、導入される重希土類元素の濃度依存性の関数で表されてあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁力特性算出方法。
- 重希土類元素拡散前の磁化曲線と、保磁力毎に異なる磁石の温度変化に対する保磁力変化率を示す温度係数の情報とを予め記憶しておき、
記憶してある磁化曲線と、第4ステップで算出した保磁力増加量の分布とに基づき、前記磁石の各部位の所定の第1温度における磁化曲線を算出する第5ステップ、
算出した磁化曲線と、記憶してある前記温度係数の情報とに基づき、所定の第2温度における磁化曲線を算出する第6ステップ、及び、
第6ステップで算出した磁化曲線に基づき、第2温度で各部位に異なる減磁界が印加され減磁した後の前記所定の第1温度で減磁率を算出する第7ステップ
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の磁力特性算出方法。 - 第4ステップで算出した保磁力増加量の分布に基づき、前記磁石の異なる温度における減磁特性を算出する第8ステップ、及び、
前記磁石の減磁率が所定の率以下となる減磁温度を特定する第9ステップ
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の磁力特性算出方法。 - 重希土類元素を表面から内部に拡散させ導入した磁石における磁力特性を求める磁力特性算出装置において、
重希土類元素導入量に対する拡散させ導入したことによる保磁力の増加量の特性を示す導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報、及び、重希土類元素の拡散における拡散係数と拡散束と処理時間とを含む拡散条件の情報を記憶しておく記憶手段、
前記磁石の大きさと形状とを示す形状情報を受け付ける手段、
受け付けた形状情報に対応させて、導入面情報を受け付ける手段、
前記記憶手段に記憶してある前記拡散条件の情報に基づき拡散方程式を用いて、導入した重希土類元素の前記磁石内における導入量分布を算出する手段、並びに、
算出した導入量分布と、前記記憶手段に記憶してある前記導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報とに基づき、前記磁石内における重希土類元素を拡散させ導入したことによる保磁力増加量の分布を算出する保磁力増加量分布算出手段
を備えることを特徴とする磁力特性算出装置。 - 重希土類元素拡散前の磁化曲線と、保磁力毎に異なる磁石の温度変化に対する保磁力変化率を示す温度係数の情報とを予め記憶しておく手段、
記憶してある磁化曲線と、前記保磁力増加量分布算出手段にて算出した保磁力増加量の分布とに基づき、前記磁石の所定の第1温度における磁化曲線を算出する手段、
算出した磁化曲線と、記憶してある前記温度係数の情報とに基づき、所定の第2温度における磁化曲線を算出する手段、及び、
算出した磁化曲線に基づき、第2温度で各部位に異なる減磁界が印加され減磁した後の前記所定の第1温度で減磁率を算出する手段
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の磁力特性算出装置。 - 前記保磁力増加量分布算出手段にて算出した保磁力増加量の分布に基づき、前記磁石の異なる温度における減磁特性を算出する手段、及び、
前記磁石の減磁率が所定の率以下となる減磁温度を特定する手段
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の磁力特性算出装置。 - 記憶手段を備えるコンピュータに、重希土類元素を表面から内部に拡散させ導入した磁石における磁力特性を、前記記憶手段に記憶させてある重希土類元素導入量に対する拡散させ導入したことによる保磁力の増加量の特性を示す導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報、及び、重希土類元素の拡散における拡散係数と拡散束と処理時間とを含む拡散条件の情報を用いて算出させるコンピュータプログラムであって、
コンピュータに、
前記磁石の大きさと形状とを示す形状情報を取得する第1ステップ、
形状情報に対応させて、導入面情報を取得する第2ステップ、
記憶してある前記拡散条件の情報に基づき拡散方程式を用いて、導入した重希土類元素の前記磁石内における導入量分布を算出する第3ステップ、並びに、
算出した導入量分布と、記憶してある前記導入量-保磁力増加量特性情報とに基づき、前記磁石内における重希土類元素を拡散させ導入したことによる保磁力増加量の分布を算出する第4ステップ
を実行させることを特徴とするコンピュータプログラム。 - 重希土類元素拡散前の磁化曲線と、保磁力毎に異なる磁石の温度変化に対する保磁力変化率を示す温度係数の情報とを記憶してある記憶手段を更に用い、
前記コンピュータに、
記憶してある磁化曲線と、第4ステップで算出した保磁力増加量の分布とに基づき、前記磁石の各部位の所定の第1温度における磁化曲線を算出する第5ステップ、
算出した磁化曲線と、記憶してある前記温度係数の情報とに基づき、所定の第2温度における磁化曲線を算出する第6ステップ、及び、
第6ステップで算出した磁化曲線に基づき、第2温度で各部位に異なる減磁界が印加され減磁した後の前記所定の第1温度で減磁率を算出する第7ステップ
を更に実行させることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のコンピュータプログラム。 - 前記コンピュータに、
第4ステップで算出した保磁力増加量の分布に基づき、前記磁石の異なる温度における減磁特性を算出する第8ステップ、及び、
前記磁石の減磁率が所定の率以下となる減磁温度を特定する第9ステップ
を更に実行させることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のコンピュータプログラム。
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JPWO2012157637A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
CN103620434B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
CN103620434A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
JP6003887B2 (ja) | 2016-10-05 |
US9547051B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
US20140046608A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
DE112012002129B4 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
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