WO2012145861A1 - 核酸液相提取及检测方法 - Google Patents

核酸液相提取及检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2012145861A1
WO2012145861A1 PCT/CN2011/000746 CN2011000746W WO2012145861A1 WO 2012145861 A1 WO2012145861 A1 WO 2012145861A1 CN 2011000746 W CN2011000746 W CN 2011000746W WO 2012145861 A1 WO2012145861 A1 WO 2012145861A1
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nucleic acid
sample
biological sample
kpa
biological
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French (fr)
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钟镐镐
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Peking University
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Peking University
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Priority to CA2834113A priority Critical patent/CA2834113C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/000746 priority patent/WO2012145861A1/zh
Priority to CN201180049214.2A priority patent/CN103492567A/zh
Priority to JP2014506706A priority patent/JP2014512190A/ja
Priority to CN201910524277.7A priority patent/CN110257477A/zh
Priority to DE112011105191.3T priority patent/DE112011105191B4/de
Priority to US14/113,244 priority patent/US9487820B2/en
Publication of WO2012145861A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012145861A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6806Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the extraction and detection of nucleic acids, and more particularly to a method for the release and detection of nucleic acids from a liquid phase in a biological sample using high pressure heating. Background technique
  • the role of genetic testing in modern clinical medicine is increasingly important.
  • the first step in genetic testing is to extract nucleic acids from fixed or unfixed biological samples.
  • cells or tissues are usually digested with an enzyme, and then extracted with an organic solvent, and the separated nucleic acid is precipitated by alcohol or isopropanol, collected, and concentrated in water.
  • the entire process takes 2-3 days.
  • paraffin-embedded tissues require multiple steps such as decarburization of diphenylbenzene and long-term digestion of high-concentration proteases. The disadvantages of low-aging are more prominent.
  • nucleic acid extraction technology With the rising status of genetic testing, nucleic acid extraction technology has not been synchronized with innovations and breakthroughs in comparison with emerging new methods and technologies for gene detection. The availability of qualified nucleic acid samples has become the key to the success of genetic testing. In particular, it is highly dependent on genotyping analysis or diagnosis of paraffin-embedded tissues. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a method for extracting a nucleic acid analyte solution from a biological sample, comprising the steps of: placing the biological sample in a heating vessel; optionally, adding a dissolution medium to the biological sample; High pressure heating; optionally, centrifuging the biological sample; and obtaining a liquid comprising the nucleic acid analyte.
  • the method of the invention is particularly useful for extracting nucleic acids from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
  • the method performs dewaxing of paraffin-embedded tissues, decomposes tissue cells, de-crosslinks, etc., by one-step high-pressure heating, until the liquid phase releases nucleic acids.
  • the invention also provides a method of detecting a nucleic acid analyte in a biological sample, comprising obtaining a solution of the nucleic acid analyte according to the method of the invention, and The nucleic acid analyte is detected, preferably by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the method of the invention is simple to operate (for example, the currently used nucleic acid extraction kit requires more than 20 steps), the speed is fast, the cost is low, special equipment and reagents are not needed, the simple operation method is easy to grasp, and the preparation of the nucleic acid solution is greatly improved. And the efficiency of detection.
  • Figure 1A shows the 12-codon point mutation (G12S) of K-ras exon 2, 5' ⁇ 3';
  • Figure 1 B shows the reverse sequencing results of the same specimen (3, ⁇ 5, ).
  • the arrow indicates the mutation site.
  • Figure 2 shows the normal sequence of the 12, 13 codons of human colorectal cancer K-ms exon 2.
  • Figure 3 shows the results of fluorescent PCR of Candida albicans.
  • the ordinate is the amount of fluorescence
  • the abscissa is the number of PCR cycles, and the two curves are positive.
  • Figure 4 shows the results of electrophoresis of human serum HBV virus 575, 241, 192 bp HBV specific fragments.
  • Figure 5 shows an electropherogram showing: [1] paraffin-embedded tissue of human gastrointestinal stromal tumor; [2] paraffin-embedded tissue of human colorectal cancer; [3] lOObp marker; [4] fresh Sickle adenocarcinoma tissue;
  • Figure 6 shows a comparison of saturated steam temperature versus pressure.
  • the invention provides a method for extracting a nucleic acid analyte solution from a biological sample, comprising the steps of: placing the biological sample in a heating vessel; optionally, adding a dissolution medium to the biological sample; The sample is subjected to high pressure heating; optionally, the biological sample is centrifuged; and a liquid containing the nucleic acid analyte is obtained.
  • the nucleic acid analyte solution can generally be used directly for subsequent detection, such as PCR. This greatly simplifies the steps of nucleic acid extraction.
  • nucleic acid analyte refers to a target nucleic acid molecule to be analyzed, including DNA and RNA.
  • the nucleic acid to be analyzed in the sample is a housekeeping gene, the amount of nucleic acid in the obtained solution is also high due to the large number of copies, which facilitates subsequent PCR detection.
  • the nucleic acid solution can be obtained by the method of the present invention and further concentrated, for example, by concentration on a chromatography column to increase the nucleic acid concentration.
  • optionalal as used herein means “optional” or “non-essential”. "Optionally, centrifuging the sample” means that the centrifugation may or may not be performed, which may be selected by those skilled in the art depending on the circumstances.
  • high pressure refers to a higher pressure than standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the sea level pressure is one atmosphere, which is equivalent to approximately 101.3 kPa.
  • the "high pressure" in the present invention can be achieved by a high-pressure apparatus commonly used in the art, such as a pressure cooker, an electric pressure cooker, a high pressure steam sterilizer, and the like.
  • the most commonly used high pressure equipment is steam heating equipment. It is well known in the art that the temperature at high pressure heating is generally higher than the temperature at atmospheric pressure. There are various methods in the art for estimating the correspondence between pressure and temperature during high pressure heating (see, for example, the "Saturation Steam Temperature vs. Pressure Comparison Table" shown in Figure 6). The approximate temperature at the time of high pressure heating can be roughly estimated from these methods. For example, when the pressure of a steam pressure cooker is 250 kPa, the temperature is about 127 °C.
  • the "high pressure" in the present invention is usually above 105 kPa, for example, 1 10 kPa and 1 15 kPa.
  • the upper limit of the pressure of a commonly used steam pressure cooker is about 350 kPa.
  • the "high pressure" employed in the process of the invention may be between 105 and 350 kPa, such as from 1 to 10 kPa, especially from 1 to 15 kPa, preferably from 120 to 200 kPa.
  • Different biological samples have different tolerances to temperature and pressure.
  • Those skilled in the art can optimize the most suitable high pressure temperature and time by routine experiment according to the nature of the sample to be tested. For example, when the sample is easily broken (e.g., a tumor or a virus sample), the heating pressure and time can be appropriately lowered; when the biological sample is difficult to be broken (e.g., Candida albicans), the heating pressure and time can be appropriately increased.
  • the heating time can be in the range of 5-210 minutes, for example 10-90 minutes, and the most common heating time is 20-60 minutes.
  • a longer heating time e.g., 4 hours, may be employed.
  • typical heating conditions can be: Pressure 140-170 kPa for 25-45 minutes.
  • typical heating conditions can be: Pressure 140-170 kPa, maintained for 45-60 minutes.
  • biological sample refers to a sample of a biological material to be tested containing nucleic acid, including biological samples from animals, plants, microorganisms or humans.
  • Biological samples can be fresh, frozen or fixed in various samples, such as human tissue biopsy samples, tumor samples, Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, as well as microbial samples of bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycoplasma, etc.
  • Common fresh biological samples include: biological fluid samples such as blood, serum, tissue fluid, urine, stool, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, tears, nipple aspirate, and cultured cells; tumor samples, such as from a subject Remove the diseased tissue and so on.
  • a typical immobilized biological sample is a 10% formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue.
  • the method of the invention is particularly suitable for paraffin-embedded tissue samples, including longer-term retention wax blocks and sections.
  • the sample When the biological sample is heated, the sample can be placed in a heating container.
  • heating vessels include centrifuge tubes and test tubes, such as capped centrifuge tubes having a capacity of 1.5 mL or 10 mL, preferably with holes in the tube cap to prevent gas expansion during high pressure heating and collapse of the tube cap. It is also possible to place the sample in a conical flask or flask in a gauze seal, or in a gas permeable container.
  • an optional dissolution medium can be added to the biological sample, as appropriate.
  • a 0.1 M NaOH solution such as 200 ⁇ M or lml may be added to completely immerse the sample in the liquid prior to heating the paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
  • Commonly used dissolution media include water, DEPC treated water, physiological saline, alkaline solutions, buffers, and the like.
  • Commonly used buffers include Tris-HCl buffer, phosphate buffer, acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, glycine-hydrochloric acid buffer, disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium citrate buffer solution, and citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution. . It will be understood by those skilled in the art that when the biological sample itself already contains a large amount of liquid (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid), no additional dissolution medium may be added.
  • the sample can optionally be centrifuged to obtain a supernatant.
  • Nucleic acids are usually dissolved in the supernatant and can be used directly in subsequent operations, such as PCR.
  • the centrifugation step is not required and that centrifugation may not be necessary when the nucleic acid solution is not centrifuged for subsequent experiments (e.g., PCR).
  • the method comprises the following steps: Optionally, the tube of the centrifuge tube is covered; the paraffin-embedded tissue section (for example, 1-2 pieces) is placed in a centrifuge tube, and pure water or An alkaline solution (such as a NaOH solution) is used to immerse the sample in the liquid; the sample is heated at a pressure of 140-200 kPa for 25-45 minutes; and the sample is centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. This supernatant can be used directly for subsequent PCR reactions.
  • An alkaline solution such as a NaOH solution
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of detecting a nucleic acid analyte in a biological sample comprising obtaining a solution of the nucleic acid analyte according to the method described above, and detecting the nucleic acid analyte.
  • the detection is carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • High pressure High pressure heating 30-45 minutes (Liren brand electric pressure cooker, model DYG-5B, working pressure 140-170 kPa, pressure limiting pressure 200 kPa.
  • PCR Immediately after the high pressure is completed (13,000 rpm, 5 minutes), no need to cool. Take the supernatant 1-2 ⁇ 1 (or 1 : 10 diluted supernatant 1-2 ⁇ 1) and perform PCR according to the reagent instructions.
  • Electrophoresis Electrophoresis detection of PCR products. If the amount of the product is too small, nested PCR can be performed.
  • test results show that the nucleic acid samples obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue samples can meet the requirements of direct sequencing of PCR products by high-pressure heating method.
  • Example 2 Human colorectal cancer (laser microdissected tumor cells) K-ras exon2 gene detection
  • Example 2 A few microscopically cut paraffin sections of tumor cells were taken, and the procedure of Example 1 was carried out (e.g., few cells were used to reduce the amount of solution), and the supernatant was taken for PCR.
  • the sequencing results of the PCR products are shown in Figure 2.
  • the results of _h indicate that the high-pressure heating method of the present invention is suitable for obtaining a reliable nucleic acid for genotyping analysis and diagnosis from a small amount of cells. Increasing the success rate of genotyping and diagnosis of microscopic cells or tissues (such as fine needle ablation of tumor tissue) is of great significance for patients with tumors who have lost their chance of surgery.
  • Example 3 Paraffin-embedded tissue Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleic acid amplification assay
  • a human lesion swab suspected of Candida albicans infection was eluted in a 200 ⁇ l 0.1 M NaOH (pH l l) solution, and the operation was carried out in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, wherein the heating time was 35-50 minutes.
  • the supernatant is used for fluorescent PCR (increasing the fluorescent probe in the PCR master mix). The results are shown in Figure 3.
  • Candida albicans is a family of fungi that is several to several times larger than bacteria.
  • the cell wall is very thick, and the general method is difficult to lyse coating during the experiment, thus affecting the sensitivity of PCR.
  • the infection of fungi has increased significantly, which is related to the abuse of antibiotics causing dysbacteriosis and the application of hormones and anticancer drugs leading to low immunity.
  • Pathogenic fungi contain many types, and their resistance is different. It is more accurate to distinguish fungal types from gene sequences.
  • the serum of 5 ⁇ l HBV patient was mixed with 200 ⁇ l of 0.1 M NaOH (pH 1 1) solution, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, wherein the heating time was 25-40 minutes, and the supernatant was taken for PCR.
  • the electrophoresis results are shown in Figure 4.
  • Example 6 Detection of rtiRNA in fresh tissue, paraffin-embedded tissue, and cultured cells
  • Heating time 30-45 minutes working pressure is 140-170 kPa, pressure limiting pressure is 200 kPa.
  • Reverse transcription (When extracting RNA, it is necessary to apply high pressure and prepare reverse transcription premix in advance.) When the high pressure is over, after centrifugation, open the tube cap and rapidly reverse the 2-5 ⁇ 1 supernatant. To prevent rapid degradation of RNA.
  • Reverse transcription master mix IX reverse transcription buffer, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0 ⁇ g of the primer (or 0. 2 ⁇ specific primer), 50 U M-mLV reverse transcriptase, 0.01 M DTT, plus DEPC water to 20 ⁇ l.
  • PCR After reverse transcription (transient centrifugation), take supernatant 1-5 ⁇ 1 and add to PCR premix (containing lXPCRbuffer, 0.2mMdNTPs, 0.4-0.5 ⁇ specific primer, add water to 25-50 ⁇ 1.) : 94 ° C 1 minute 30 seconds, (94 ° C 30 seconds 55 ° C 30 seconds 72 ° C 20 seconds, 30-35 cycles) 72 ° C 2 minutes.

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Description

核酸液相提取及检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及核酸的提取和检测, 更具体地说, 本发明涉及利用高 压加热从生物样品中液相释放核酸和对其进行检测的方法。 背景技术
基因检测在现代临床医学中的作用越来越重要。 基因检测的第一 步是从固定或未固定的生物样本中提取核酸。
传统的化学方法, 通常先用酶消化细胞或组织, 再经有机溶剂抽 提, 使被分离的核酸经过酒精或异丙醇沉淀, 收集并浓缩于水中。 整 个过程需 2-3天。 特别是石蜡包埋组织, 还需多次二曱苯脱蜡、 高浓度 蛋白酶长时间消化等步骤, 低时效的劣势更为突出。
近些年, 国内外研发了多种固相核酸提取试剂盒, 原理大多为裂 解细胞, 释放核酸, 核酸吸附于某些颗粒的表面, 再进行沉淀或洗脱。 这些方法相对缩短了核酸提取的时间, 但距离低廉高效、 简单易行的 目标依旧太远。
随着基因检测不断上升的地位, 核酸提取技术与涌现出的基因检 测新方法、 新技术相比较, 一直没有得到同步的创新、 突破。 能否获 得合格的核酸样本, 已成为基因检测成败的关键。 特别是高度依赖于 石蜡包埋组织的基因型分析或诊断。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种从生物样品中提取核酸分析物溶液的方法, 包 括以下步骤: 将该生物样品置于加热容器中; 任选地, 向该生物样品 中加入溶解介质; 对该生物样品进行高压加热; 任选地, 对该生物样 品进行离心; 和获取包含所述核酸分析物的液体。
本发明的方法特别适用于从福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋组织中提取 核酸。 该方法通过一步高压加热, 同时完成石蜡包埋组织的脱蜡、 裂 解组织细胞、 解交联等, 直至液相释放核酸。
本发明还提供了一种对生物样品中的核酸分析物进行检测的方 法, 包括按照本发明的方法获得所述核酸分析物的溶液, 以及对所述 核酸分析物进行检测, 优选通过聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)进行检测。
本发明的方法操作简单 (例如目前常用的核酸提取试剂盒需要 20 多个步骤) , 速度快, 成本低, 不需要特殊的设备和试剂, 简单的操 作方法易于掌握, 大大地提高了核酸溶液制备和检测的效率。 附图说明
图 1A显示了 K-ras exon 2的 12密码子点突变 (G12S ) , 5' → 3' ; 图 1 B显示了同一标本的反向测序结果 (3, → 5, ) 。 箭头表明突变 位点。
图 2显示了人大肠癌 K-ms exon 2的 12、 13密码子的正常序列。
图 3显示了白色念珠菌荧光 PCR的结果。 其中纵坐标为荧光量, 横 坐标为 PCR循环数, 两条曲线为阳性结果。
图 4显示了人血清 HBV病毒 575、 241、 192 bp HBV特异片段的电泳 结果。
图 5显示的是一幅电泳图,其中: [1 ]人胃肠道间质瘤石蜡包埋组织; [2]人大肠癌石蜡包埋组织; [3] lOObp标记物; [4] 人新鲜曱状腺癌组织;
[5] 培养细胞。
图 6显示的是饱和蒸汽温度与压力关系对照表。 具体实施方式
本发明一方面提供了一种从生物样品中提取核酸分析物溶液的方 法, 包括以下步骤: 将该生物样品置于加热容器中; 任选地, 向该生 物样品中加入溶解介质; 对该生物样品进行高压加热; 任选地, 对该 生物样品进行离心; 和获取包含所述核酸分析物的液体。 所述核酸分 析物溶液通常可直接用于后续的检测, 例如 PCR。 这大大简化了核酸提 取的步骤。
本文所用的术语 "核酸分析物" 是指待分析的目标核酸分子, 包 括 DNA和 RNA。 当样品中待分析的核酸为看家基因时, 由于其拷贝数 较多, 因此所获得的溶液中核酸的含量也较高, 便于后续的 PCR检测。 当待分析的核酸拷贝数较低时, 可以在采用本发明的方法获得核酸溶 液后再进一步进行浓缩, 例如通过色谱柱进行浓缩, 以提高核酸浓度。 本文所用的术语 "任选" 表示 "可有可无" 或 "非必需" 的含义。 "任选地, 对样品进行离心" 是指可以进行离心, 也可以不离心, 这 可以由本领域技术人员根据情况进行选择。
本文所用的术语 "高压" 是指比标准大气压更高的压力。 例如, 在标准大气条件下海平面的气压为一个大气压, 大约相当于 101.3 kPa
(千帕)。
本发明中的 "高压" 可以通过本领域常用的高压设备来实现, 例 如高压锅、 电压力锅、 高压蒸汽灭菌锅等。
最常用的高压设备是蒸汽加热设备。 本领域公知, 高压加热时的 温度通常会比常压加热时的温度更高。 本领域有多种方法用于估算高 压加热时压力与温度之间的对应关系 (参见例如图 6所示的 "饱和蒸汽 温度与压力关系对照表")。 可以根据这些方法粗略估算高压加热时的 大致温度。 例如, 蒸汽压力锅的压力为 250 kPa时, 温度大约为 127°C。
本发明中的 "高压,, 通常在 105 kPa以上, 例如 1 10 kPa、 1 15kPa。 常用的蒸汽压力锅的压力上限大约为 350 kPa。
本发明方法中所采用的 "高压" 可以在 105-350 kPa之间, 例如 1 10-320 kPa, 特别是 1 15-250 kPa, 优选 120-200 kPa。
不同的生物样本对温度和压力的耐受力是不同的。 本领域技术人 可以根据待测样本的性质, 通过常规试验优化出最适当的高压温度 及时间。 例如, 当样品易于破碎时 (例如肿瘤或病毒样本) , 加热压 力和时间可以适当降低; 当生物样品难于破碎(例如白色念珠菌) 时, 加热压力和时间可以适当增加。
才艮据压力和样品的不同, 加热时间可以在 5-210分钟范围内, 例如 10-90分钟, 特别常用的加热时间是 20-60分钟。 本领域技术人员可以理 解, 当加热压力较低并且样品中的核酸难于释放出来时, 可以采用更 长的加热时间, 例如 4小时。
例如, 当对石蜡包埋组织切片样品进行处理时, 典型的加热条件 可以是: 压力 140-170 kPa, 维持 25-45分钟。 当对白色念珠菌样品进行 处理时, 典型的加热条件可以是: 压力 140-170 kPa, 维持 45-60分钟。
本文所用的术语 "生物样品" 是指含有核酸的待测生物材料样品, 包括来自动物、 植物、 微生物或人体的生物样品。 生物样品可以是新 鲜的、 水冻的或固定的各种样品, 例如人体组织活检样品、 肿瘤样品、 福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋组织样品, 以及细菌、 真菌、 病毒、 支原体 等微生物样品。 常见的新鲜的生物样品包括: 生物流体样品, 例如血 液、 血清、 组织液、 尿液、 大便、 痰液、 脑脊液、 唾液、 眼泪、 乳头 吸出液和培养的细胞; 肿瘤样品, 例如从受试者体内取出的病变组织 等。 典型的固定的生物样品是 10%福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋组织。 本发 明方法特别适合于石蜡包埋组织样品, 包括较长期的留档蜡块及切片。
在对生物样品进行加热时, 可以将样品放入加热容器中。 常用的 加热容器包括离心管和试管, 例如容量为 1.5 mL或 10 mL的带盖离心 管, 优选在管盖上扎孔, 以防高压加热过程中气体膨胀, 崩开管盖。 也可以将样品放入纱布封口的锥形瓶或烧瓶中, 或其它透气的容器中 力口热。
在高压加热前, 视情况, 可以向生物样品中加入任选的溶解介质。 例如, 在对石蜡包埋组织切片进行加热前, 可以加入 0.1 M NaOH溶液 例如 200μΙ^或 lml, 使样本完全浸入液体中。 常用的溶解介质包括水、 DEPC处理水、 生理盐水、 碱溶液和緩沖液等。 常用的緩沖液包括 Tris- 盐酸緩沖液、磷酸盐緩沖液、醋酸-醋酸钠緩沖液、甘氨酸-盐酸緩冲液、 磷酸氢二钠 -柠檬酸钠緩沖溶液和柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠緩沖溶液等。本领域 技术人员可以理解, 在生物样品自身已经含有大量液体时 (例如脑脊 液), 也可以不再额外加入溶解介质。
在高压加热步骤之后, 可以任选地对样品进行离心, 获取上清液。 核酸通常溶于上清液中, 可以直接用于后续操作, 例如 PCR。 本领域技 术人员可以理解, 离心步骤并不是必需的, 当核酸溶液不离心对后续 实验 (例如 PCR ) 没有影响时, 也可以不必离心。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中, 包括以下步骤: 任选地, 将离 心管的管盖扎孔; 将石蜡包埋组织切片 (例如 1-2片 ) 置于离心管中, 加入纯水或碱溶液(例如 NaOH溶液), 使样品浸入液体中; 在 140-200 kPa的压力下加热所述样品 25-45分钟; 和对所述样品进行离心, 获取上 清液。 可以直接将该上清液用于后续的 PCR反应。
本发明另一方面提供了一种对生物样品中的核酸分析物进行检测 的方法, 包括按照上文所述的方法获得所述核酸分析物的溶液, 以及 对所述核酸分析物进行检测。 在一个特别优选的实施方式中, 所述检 测通过聚合酶链反应 (PCR ) 进行。 下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 提供这些实施例是为 了帮助理解本发明, 不得解释为对本发明的限制。 实施例 1 人大肠癌 K-ras 2exon基因检测
1. 准备离心管: 用酒精灯烧红的注射器细针头, 将 1.5ml 离心管 管盖扎一微小细孔, 以防高压过程中气体膨胀, 崩开管盖。
2. 取材: 取人大肠癌石蜡包埋组织切片 (5-10μηι ) 1 -2片置 1.5ml 离心管中, 加入 O.lM NaOH (pHl 1)溶液 500μ1, 使样本完全浸入液体 中。
3. 高压: 高压加热 30-45分钟 (利仁牌电压力锅, 型号 DYG-5B , 工作压力为 140-170 kPa, 限压压力 200 kPa。
4. PCR: 高压完毕后, 立即离心 ( 13,000rpm, 5 分钟) , 不需冷 却。 取上清液 1-2μ1 (或 1 : 10稀释的上清液 1-2μ1 ) , 按照试剂说明书 进行 PCR。
5. 电泳: 电泳检测 PCR产物。 如产物量过少, 可进行巢式 PCR。
6. PCR产物测序结果: 见图 1A和图 1B。
试验结果表明, 通过高压加热方法, 从石蜡包埋组织样品中获得 的核酸样品, 完全可以满足 PCR产物直接测序的要求。 实施例 2 人大肠癌 (激光微切割肿瘤细胞) K-ras exon2 基因检 测
取激光微切割的石蜡切片肿瘤细胞若干, 按照实施例 1 的方法进 行操作 (如细胞很少, 减少溶液量) , 取上清液用于 PCR。 PCR产物 测序结果见图 2。
以 _h结果表明, 本发明的高压加热方法, 适用于从微量的细胞中, 获得质量可靠的核酸用于基因型分析和诊断。提高微量细胞或组织(例 如细针穿刺肿瘤组织) 基因型分析和诊断的成功率, 对于失去手术机 会的肿瘤患者, 选择治疗药物, 意义重大。 实施例 3 石蜡包埋组织结核分枝杆菌核酸扩增检测
取疑似结核杆菌感染的石蜡包埋组织切片 1 -2片, 按照与实施例 1 基本相同的方法进行操作, 其中加热时间为 20-30分钟, 取上清液用于 Real time PCR(PCR预混液中增加荧光探针)。
结果表明, 用高压加热法, 可以从石蜡包埋组织中得到质量合格 的细菌 DNA, 协助临床做出结核分枝杆菌感染的鉴别诊断。 实施例 4 白色念珠菌基因检测
取疑似白色念珠菌感染的的人体病灶拭子, 洗脱于 200μ1 0.1M NaOH(pHl l)溶液中, 按照与实施例 1基本相同的方法进行操作, 其中 加热时间为 35-50分钟, 取上清液用于荧光 PCR(PCR预混液中增加荧 光探针)。 结果见图 3。
白色念珠菌属真菌族, 大于细菌几倍至几十倍。 细胞壁很厚, 实 验时一般的方法较难裂解包被, 因此影响了 PCR的灵敏性。 近年, 真 菌感染明显上升, 与滥用抗生素引起菌群失调和应用激素、 抗癌药物 导致免疫低下有关。 致病真菌含多种类型, 它们的耐药性不同, 目前 从基因序列区分真菌类型更为准确。
以上结果表明, 对于细胞壁较厚且坚的真菌, 高压加热法尽显其 优越性, 可轻松得到质量可靠的核酸, 以区分基因序列的方式, 直接 鉴别真菌的种类。 实施例 5 人血清 HBV病毒检测
取 5μ1 HBV患者的血清, 与 200μ1 0.1M NaOH(pHl 1)溶液混匀 , 按照与实施例 1基本相同的方法进行操作,其中加热时间为 25-40分钟, 取上清液用于 PCR。 电泳结果见图 4。
以上结果表明, 使用高压加热法, 可以从微量血清中得到质量可 靠的病毒核酸, 用于临床检测。 实施例 6 新鲜组织、 石蜡包埋组织、 培养细胞的 rtiRNA检测
1、 取材:
a. 人胃肠道间质瘤石蜡切片 (5-10μπι ) 1-2片
b. 人大肠癌石蜡包埋组织 (5-10μπι ) 1 -2片
c 人新鲜甲状腺癌组织 ( 1/2米粒大小) 剪碎
d . 培养细胞
将样本分别放入 1.5ml 离心管中, 加入 0.1M NaOH(pHl l)溶液适 量, 使样本完全浸入液体中, 混匀。
2、 高压: 加热时间 30-45分钟(工作压力为 140-170 kPa, 限压压 力为 200 kPa。
3、 反转录: (提取 RNA 时, 需及时高压并提前准备好反转录预 混液) 当高压结束, 瞬时离心后, 打开离心管管盖, 迅速将 2-5μ1上清 液进行反转录, 以防 RNA快速降解。
反转录预混液: IX 反转录 buffer, 0.2mM dNTPs, 0 μg随及引物 (或 0·2μΜ特异引物), 50 U M-mLV反转录酶, 0.01M DTT,加 DEPC水 至 20μ1。
42 °C 60分钟, 95°C 5分钟。
4、 PCR: 反转录完毕 (可瞬时离心) , 取上清液 1-5μ1, 加入至 PCR预混液中 (含 lXPCRbuffer, 0.2mMdNTPs, 0.4-0.5μΜ特异引物, 加水至 25-50μ1。 ) PCR: 94 °C 1分 30秒, (94°C30秒 55°C30秒 72 °C20秒, 30-35个循环) 72°C2分钟。
5、 GAPDH mRNA RT-PCR结果 (电泳图 -226bp) 见图 5。 以上结果表明,高压加热法,可同时获得质量可靠的 DNA与 RNA, 并可同时用于检测特异的基因序列( DNA )和生物性标志物( mRNA )。 实施例 7 不同的温度和高压对生物样品释放核酸的影响
1、 按照与实施例 1相同的方法准备离心管
2、 取材
(1) HBV患者血清 5μ1, 与 ΙΟΟμΙ 0.1M NaOH(pHl 1)溶液混匀。
(2) HSV患者拭子, 洗脱于 100μ10.1ΜΝ&ΟΗ(ρΗ11)溶液中。
(3) 肿瘤患者石蜡包埋组织切片 7μΜ, 2 片, 加入 500μ1 0.1M NaOH(pHll)溶液。
3、 高压锅类型
(1) 利仁牌电压力锅, 型号 DYG_5B
(2) 台湾 CIRRUS CR-3560CG-M 高压灭菌锅
4、 方法
分别用利仁牌电压力锅 (型号 DYG-5B ) 和台湾 CIRRUS
CR-3560CG-M 高压灭菌锅, 以不同的温度, 不同的时间, 对以上三种 生物样本进行高压处理。 5、 结果
见表 1。 实验结果表明, 不同的生物样本, 对高压时间和压力的耐 受力存在差异。
表 1
Figure imgf000010_0001
"PCR结果"一栏中的 "+ "表示阳性, "-"表示阴性。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 从生物样品中提取核酸分析物溶液的方法, 包括以下步骤: 将该生物样品置于加热容器中;
任选地, 向该生物样品中加入溶解介质;
对该生物样品进行高压加热;
任选地, 对该生物样品进行离心; 和
获取包含所述核酸分析物的液体。
2. 权利要求 1的方法, 其中所述的高压为 105-350kPa, 例如 1 10-320 kPa, 特别是 1 15-250 kPa, 优选 120-200 kPa。
3. 以上权利要求之任一项的方法, 其中所述高压加热步骤的持续 时间为 5-210分钟, 例如 10-90分钟, 特别是 20-60分钟。
4. 以上权利要求之任一项的方法, 其中所述生物样品选自由组织 活检样品、 细胞样品、 肿瘤样品和生物流体样品构成的组。
5. 以上权利要求之任一项的方法, 其中所述生物流体样品选自由 血液、 血清、 组织液、 尿液、 大便、. 痰液、 脑脊液、 唾液、 眼泪和乳 头吸出液构成的组。
6. 以上权利要求之任一项的方法, 其中所述生物样品为石蜡包埋 组织。
7. 以上权利要求之任一项的方法, 其中所述溶解介质选自由水、 DEPC处理水、 生理盐水、 碱溶液和緩冲液构成的组。
8. 以上权利要求之任一项的方法, 包括以下步骤:
任选地, 将离心管的管盖扎孔;
将石蜡包埋组织切片置于离心管中, 加入纯水或碱溶液, 使样品 浸入液体中;
在 140-200 kPa的压力下加热所述样品 25-45分钟; 和
对所述样品进行离心, 获取上清液。
9. 对生物样品中的核酸分析物进行检测的方法, 包括:
按照以上权利要求之任一项的方法获得所述核酸分析物的溶液; 和
对所述核酸分析物进行检测。
10. 权利要求 9的方法, 其中所述检测通过聚合酶链反应进行。
1 1. 权利要求 9-10之任一项的方法,其中所述核酸分析物为 DNA或 RNA。
12. 权利要求 9-1 1之任一项的方法, 其中还包括对所述核酸分析物 的溶液进行浓缩。
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