WO2012141218A1 - Co2回収装置 - Google Patents
Co2回収装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012141218A1 WO2012141218A1 PCT/JP2012/059913 JP2012059913W WO2012141218A1 WO 2012141218 A1 WO2012141218 A1 WO 2012141218A1 JP 2012059913 W JP2012059913 W JP 2012059913W WO 2012141218 A1 WO2012141218 A1 WO 2012141218A1
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- exhaust gas
- absorbing
- tower
- absorption
- absorber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1406—Multiple stage absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a CO 2 recovery device that absorbs CO 2 in exhaust gas.
- exhaust gas generated by burning fossil fuel in a boiler contains CO 2 .
- Exhaust gas containing CO 2 is that of absorbing CO 2 in contact CO 2 absorbing solution and gas-liquid of amine in the CO 2 absorber in a CO 2 absorbing solution, removing the CO 2 in the flue gas, a method of recovering
- methods for storing the recovered CO 2 without releasing it to the atmosphere have been intensively studied.
- the CO 2 absorbing solution with CO 2 in the exhaust gas is absorbed in the CO 2 absorber, after removing the CO 2 from the exhaust gas, dissipating to CO 2 absorption of CO 2 absorbed by the CO 2 absorbing solution in the regeneration tower
- a method is used in which the liquid is regenerated, recycled to the CO 2 absorption tower, and reused to remove CO 2 from the exhaust gas (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- CO 2 absorbent having absorbed CO 2 by being heated with steam in the regenerator, dissipating CO 2, CO 2 of high purity is recovered.
- CO 2 absorbing solution of CO 2 was absorbed and removed from the CO 2 containing gas, such as flue gas using, CO 2 recovery apparatus using a method for recovering, because installed in addition to combustion equipment, its operating costs It must be reduced as much as possible.
- the regeneration tower consumes a large amount of heat energy to dissipate CO 2 .
- the supply amount of adding the CO 2 absorbing solution is increased, leading to an increase in operating costs.
- the present invention was made in view of the above, as well as efficiently recovered CO 2, to reduce the consumption of CO 2 absorbing solution, to provide a CO 2 recovery system aimed at reducing operating costs With the goal.
- the first invention according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a cooling unit that cools the exhaust gas by contacting the exhaust gas containing CO 2 with water, and a CO 2 absorbent that absorbs the exhaust gas and CO 2.
- a cooling unit that cools the exhaust gas by contacting the exhaust gas containing CO 2 with water
- a CO 2 absorbent that absorbs the exhaust gas and CO 2.
- a CO 2 recovery device comprising at least one co-current type CO 2 absorber that contacts CO 2 with the absorbing solution in a co-current state to remove CO 2 from the exhaust gas.
- a second invention is a CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the first invention, wherein the CO 2 absorbing liquid that has absorbed CO 2 in the CO 2 absorbing section is cooled and supplied again to the CO 2 absorbing section. is there.
- a third invention is the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the first or second invention, wherein the cocurrent CO 2 absorption section is provided on the most upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- the fourth invention is the first to third any one invention of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit is CO 2 recovery, characterized in that provided on the most upstream side end of the flow direction of the exhaust gas Device.
- a fifth invention in any one invention of the first to fourth, the CO 2 the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit included in the absorption unit and the at least one co-current CO 2 -absorbing unit, It is provided in a CO 2 absorption tower that makes the exhaust gas contact with the CO 2 absorption liquid to remove CO 2 from the exhaust gas, and the cocurrent CO 2 absorption section includes the cooling section and the CO 2 absorption tower.
- the CO 2 recovery device is provided between the two .
- a sixth invention in any one invention of the first to fifth, the CO 2 the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit included in the absorption unit and the at least one co-current CO 2 -absorbing unit, provided CO 2 absorption tower for removing CO 2 from the flue gas by contacting the CO 2 absorbing solution with the flue gas, the countercurrent CO 2 absorbing portion, and the cooling unit and the CO 2 absorption tower
- the CO 2 recovery device is provided between the two .
- the cooling unit is provided in a cooling tower that cools the exhaust gas by bringing the exhaust gas into contact with water, and the countercurrent CO 2
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus is characterized in that an absorption tower is provided inside the cooling tower.
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus is recovered efficiently CO 2, to reduce the consumption of CO 2 absorbing solution, it is possible to reduce the operating costs.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a CO 2 recovery device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing another configuration of the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of the configuration of the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the filling height of the co-current CO 2 absorption part of the co-current CO 2 absorption tower and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a CO 2 recovery device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing another configuration of the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of the configuration of the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reflux ratio of the semi-rich solution for recirculating the semi-rich solution to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler.
- Figure 7 is a cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) and the relationship between the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed in the case the reboiler with varying filling height of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section FIG.
- S1 / S2 cross-sectional area ratio
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption part of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 absorber and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a CO 2 recovery device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 includes a cooling unit 11, a CO 2 absorption unit 12, and an absorption liquid regeneration unit 13.
- the cooling unit 11 cools the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > A by bringing the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > A containing CO 2 into contact with the water 15, and is provided inside the cooling tower 16.
- the CO 2 absorbing section 12 is for the CO 2 absorbing liquid to absorb the exhaust gas 14B and CO 2 by contacting the (lean solution) 17 for removing CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14B.
- CO 2 absorbing section 12 co-current to remove CO 2 CO 2 absorbing solution exhaust gas 14B has absorbed CO 2 (semi-rich solution) 24 and in contact with co-current state from the exhaust gas 14B CO has a 2 absorbing section 19, and a countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 for removing CO 2 exhaust gases 14C is contacted with a countercurrent flow conditions CO 2 absorbing solution 17 from the exhaust gas 14C.
- the absorbent regenerator 13 regenerates the CO 2 absorbent 17 by releasing CO 2 from the rich solution 18 and is provided inside an absorbent regenerator (hereinafter referred to as “regenerator”) 21. .
- the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 is provided inside the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20 is provided inside the CO 2 absorber 23. Yes.
- the CO 2 absorber 12 has one each of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20, but the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and A plurality of either one or both of the counterflow type CO 2 absorbers 20 may be provided.
- the CO 2 absorbing liquid 17 that absorbs CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > A is located between the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22, the CO 2 absorption tower 23, and the regeneration tower 21 (hereinafter referred to as “inside the system”). )).
- the rich solution 18 that has absorbed CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B is fed from the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 to the regeneration tower 21.
- a CO 2 absorption liquid (lean solution) 17 that has been regenerated by removing almost all of the CO 2 from the rich solution 18 in the regeneration tower 21 is fed.
- a CO 2 absorption liquid (semi-rich solution) 24 that absorbs CO 2 remaining in the exhaust gas 14C is fed from the CO 2 absorption tower 23 to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22.
- the exhaust gas 14A is a gas containing CO 2 discharged from industrial equipment such as a boiler and a gas turbine.
- the exhaust gas 14A is pressurized by an exhaust gas blower or the like and then sent to the cooling tower 16.
- the cooling tower 16 is a tower that cools the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b> A with water 15.
- the cooling tower 16 includes a spray nozzle 26 that sprays the water 15 in the tower and the cooling unit 11.
- the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b> A is cooled by making countercurrent contact with the water 15 sprayed from the spray nozzle 26 in the cooling unit 11 in the cooling tower 16.
- the water 15 heated to high temperature by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b> A is stored in the bottom of the cooling tower 16.
- the water 15 at the bottom of the tower is extracted from the bottom of the tower, cooled by exchanging heat with the cooling water 28 in the cooler 27, and then fed to the cooling tower 16.
- the water 15 is circulated and used for cooling the exhaust gas 14A.
- the cooled exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > B is discharged from the cooling tower 16 through a flue 29 connecting the cooling tower 16 and the CO 2 absorption tower 23 and is supplied to the CO 2 absorption section 12.
- the CO 2 absorber 12 includes the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20.
- the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > B is supplied in this order to a cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 including a cocurrent CO 2 absorption section 19 and a CO 2 absorption tower 23 including a countercurrent CO 2 absorption section 20.
- the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is provided between the cooling tower 16 including the cooling unit 11 and the CO 2 absorption tower 23.
- the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 including the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 is provided in the CO 2 absorber 12 on the most upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 14B.
- the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > B discharged from the cooling tower 16 passes through the flue 29 and is sent to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22.
- the co-current type CO 2 absorption tower 22 is a tower that removes CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14B by bringing the exhaust gas 14B into contact with the semi-rich solution 24 discharged from the CO 2 absorption tower 23 in a co-current state.
- the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower 22 includes a spray nozzle 31 and a cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption section 19 in the tower.
- the spray nozzle 31 sprays the semi-rich solution 24 downward.
- the semi-rich solution 24 is discharged from the CO 2 absorption tower 23 via a semi-rich solution extraction line 32, heat-exchanged with the cooling water 34 by the cooler 33, cooled, and then sent to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22. Have been paid.
- the exhaust gas 14B is supplied from the tower top side of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower 22, and flows in the tower toward the tower bottom side.
- the semi-rich solution 24 is cooled before being fed to the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower 22, with cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber within 22, the semi-rich solution 24 further CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B Therefore, the CO 2 concentration in the rich solution 18 stored in the bottom of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 can be increased.
- the gas temperature can be lowered. Therefore, as will be described later, the CO 2 absorption tower 23 can also increase the absorption amount of CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14C and improve the CO 2 absorption efficiency. Furthermore, by lowering the gas temperature of the exhaust gas 14C fed to the CO 2 absorption tower 23, the vapor pressure of the absorbent of the lean solution 17 is reduced, and the consumption of the absorbent can be reduced.
- the temperature of the absorbing liquid rises due to the reaction heat generated when CO 2 is absorbed, since the exhaust gas 14C is cooled on the upstream side of the CO 2 absorption tower 23, the temperature rise of the absorbing liquid is also suppressed. The deterioration of the absorbing liquid can be reduced.
- the cooling tower 16 and the CO 2 absorption tower 23 are connected by a flue 29.
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is configured such that the co-current CO 2 absorption tower 22 is provided in the flue 29. Therefore, according to the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment, the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower 22 is provided in the flue 29 of the conventional existing CO 2 recovery apparatus. It can be used effectively.
- the cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 is 1 0.0 or less is preferable, more preferably 0.8 or less, and still more preferably 0.5 or less.
- the filling height of the cocurrent flow CO sectional area ratio of 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) parallel flow even small CO 2 absorbing section 19 to be higher by that amount, the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber Since the contact ratio between the semi-rich solution 24 and the exhaust gas 14B can be suitably maintained within 22, the absorption efficiency of CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B can be maintained.
- the semi-rich solution 24 is cooled in advance by the cooler 33 before being supplied to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22, but if the semi-rich solution 24 is not required to be cooled, it is cooled by the cooler 33. You don't have to.
- Exhaust 14C contacted semi-rich solution 24 and gas-liquid co-current CO 2 absorber 22 is sent from the side wall of the bottom of the CO 2 absorber 23 to the CO 2 absorber 23.
- the rich solution 18 that has absorbed CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B in the co-current CO 2 absorber 19 is stored at the bottom of the co-current CO 2 absorber 22.
- the rich solution 18 stored at the bottom of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is extracted from the rich solution feed line 37 and is provided outside from the bottom of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22.
- a portion of the rich solution 18 at the bottom of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is extracted from the rich solution extraction branch line 41, mixed with the semi-rich solution 24, and circulated to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 for use. You may do it. Accordingly, the rich solution 18 can further absorb CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14B by the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 and remove CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14B. Therefore, the CO 2 concentration in the rich solution 18 can be reduced. Can be further increased. As a result, the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 can be reduced.
- the reflux ratio (A2 / A1) of the rich solution 18 is preferably 0 or more and 3 or less, more preferably 0 or more and 2 or less. is there. Thereby, it is possible to efficiently absorb the CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B while suitably maintaining the rich solution 18 that is fed to the regeneration tower 21 and regenerated.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 23 is a tower that removes CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14C by bringing the exhaust gas 14C into contact with the CO 2 absorbent 17.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 23 includes a countercurrent CO 2 absorption unit 20, a spray nozzle 43, a water washing unit 44, and a demister 45.
- the exhaust gas 14C fed into the tower flows from the tower bottom side to the tower top side in the tower.
- the spray nozzle 43 is a nozzle that sprays the CO 2 absorbent 17 downward.
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20 is provided on the lower side of the CO 2 absorber 23.
- the semi-rich solution 24 that has absorbed the CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b> C in the counterflow CO 2 absorber 20 is stored in the bottom of the CO 2 absorber 23.
- the semi-rich solution 24 stored at the bottom of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 is extracted from the semi-rich solution extraction line 32 and fed to the co-current CO 2 absorption tower 22 to be in contact with the exhaust gas 14B. And absorbs CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14B.
- the semi-rich solution 24 is not limited to the case where the semi-rich solution 24 is fed to the co-current type CO 2 absorption tower 22, and is mixed with the CO 2 absorbent 17 fed to the spray nozzle 43, and the counter-current type CO 2 absorption unit. 20 may be used to absorb CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14C.
- the semi-rich solution 24 may be supplied to both the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorption unit 20.
- the water washing section 44 and the demister 45 are provided on the downstream side of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 14C.
- the water washing part 44 and the demister 45 are provided above the countercurrent type CO 2 absorption part 20 in the tower.
- CO 2 flue gas 47 from which CO 2 has been removed by countercurrent CO 2 absorbing section 20 after the water washing section 44 and the CO 2 absorbing liquid 17 that is entrained CO 2 flue gas 47 at the demister 45 is removed, Released from the top of the tower.
- the water washing unit 44 sprays water 48 supplied from the outside from the spray nozzle 49 and removes impurities contained in the CO 2 removal exhaust gas 47 by the water washing unit 44.
- the water 48 sprayed from the spray nozzle 49 is collected by the receiving part 50, fed to the outside of the tower by the pump 51, cooled by the cooling water 53 by the cooler 52, and then fed to the spray nozzle 49 for circulation.
- the CO 2 absorber 12 has one each of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20, but this embodiment is limited to this. Instead of this, a plurality of either one or both of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20 may be provided.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 23 is provided with one countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20 in the tower, but the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and the countercurrent CO 2 are provided in the tower. You may make it have either any one or both with the absorption part 20.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating another configuration of the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 23 may be provided in two stages of the countercurrent CO 2 absorbers 20-1 and 20-2, or in three or more stages.
- the lean solution 17 was sprayed from the spray nozzle 43-2 and passed through the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20-2. Then, the semi-rich solution 24B that has absorbed the CO 2 remaining in the exhaust gas 14C is stored in the receiving portion 55.
- the semi-rich solution 24B accumulated in the receiving part 55 is cooled by the cooling water 57 in the cooler 56, and then sprayed with the semi-rich solution 24B from the spray nozzle 43-1, thereby causing the counter-current CO 2 absorption part 20-1 to flow. Passes and becomes semi-rich solution 24A and is stored at the bottom of the tower.
- the semi-rich solution 24B that has absorbed CO 2 in countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20-2 is supplied to countercurrent CO 2 absorbing section 20-1, countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20-1 in CO 2
- the semi-rich solution 24 ⁇ / b> A that has absorbed water is not limited to the case where it is supplied to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption unit 19.
- the rich solution 18 that has absorbed CO 2 in cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19, the semi-rich solution 24A that has absorbed CO 2 in each of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20-1 and 20-2, 24B was cooled Thereafter, it may be supplied again to one or both of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorbers 20-1 and 20-2.
- the rich solution 18 stored at the bottom of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is supplied to the regeneration tower 21 as described above.
- the regeneration tower 21 is a tower that includes the absorbent regenerator 13 and regenerates the lean solution 17 by releasing CO 2 from the rich solution 18.
- the rich solution 18 released from the top of the regeneration tower 21 into the tower of the regeneration tower 21 is heated by steam (steam) 61 supplied from the bottom of the regeneration tower 21.
- the steam 61 is generated by exchanging heat between the lean solution 17 and the saturated steam 62 in the regenerative superheater (reboiler) 36.
- rich solution 18 is heated by steam 61, is absorbed, releasing most of the CO 2 contained in the rich solution 18, the time to reach the bottom of the regenerator 21, almost all CO 2
- the removed CO 2 absorbent (lean solution) 17 is obtained.
- Lean solution 17 that is stored in the bottom portion of the regenerator 21 is fed by a lean solvent pump 63 as the CO 2 absorbing solution, after cooling the cooling water 65 by exchanging heat with the lean solvent cooler 64, CO 2 absorber 23 To be sent to.
- CO 2 gas 71 accompanied by water vapor is released from the top of the regeneration tower 21.
- the water vapor contained in the CO 2 gas 71 is condensed by the cooling water 73 by the condenser 72, and the water 75 is separated by the separation drum 74.
- the CO 2 gas 76 is discharged out of the system and recovered.
- the water 75 separated by the separation drum 74 is supplied to the upper part of the regeneration tower 21 by the condensed water circulation pump 77.
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 includes the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 including the cocurrent CO 2 absorption section 19 between the cooling tower 16 and the CO 2 absorption tower 23.
- the semi-rich solution 24 in which the CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14C is absorbed by the CO 2 absorption tower 23 is used as an absorption liquid for further absorbing the CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B in the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower 22.
- the semi-rich solution 24 is cooled in advance before being supplied into the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22, the gas temperature of the exhaust gas 14C fed to the CO 2 absorption tower 23 can be lowered.
- the absorption amount of CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14C can be increased in the CO 2 absorption tower 23, and the consumption amount of the absorbing liquid can be reduced. Furthermore, since the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 can be provided in the flue 29 of the existing CO 2 recovery apparatus, the installation area can be used effectively.
- the steam required to release the CO 2 contained in the CO 2 absorbent 17 in the regeneration tower 21 can be efficiently used without waste, so that the operating efficiency of the CO 2 recovery device 10 can be increased.
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorption unit 20 is provided in the tower of the CO 2 absorption tower 23, but the present embodiment is not limited to this. Instead, the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20 may be provided between the cooling unit 11 and the CO 2 absorber 23.
- the CO 2 recovery device 10 is not limited to the case where it is applied to recover CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14A.
- a component contained in the exhaust gas such as a flue gas desulfurization device is used. Any device that makes gas-liquid contact with a liquid such as water can be suitably used.
- FIG. 1 A CO 2 recovery device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Since the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device according to the present embodiment is the same as the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device shown in FIG. 1, the illustration of the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device is omitted, and the cooling tower and the CO 2 absorption are omitted. Description will be made using only the diagram showing the configuration of the tower. Incidentally, FIG. 1, a description thereof will be denoted by the same reference numerals member and the CO 2 recovery apparatus in FIG. 2 will be omitted. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the case of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 providing two.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of the configuration of the CO 2 recovery apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the CO 2 recovery device according to the present embodiment is a counter-current type further to the most upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > B than the CO 2 recovery device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
- a CO 2 absorber 81 is provided.
- the cooling tower 16 has a spray nozzle 82 and a countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 in the tower.
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 removes CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14B by bringing the exhaust gas 14B after cooling into contact with the rich solution 18A discharged from the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 in a countercurrent state. .
- the spray nozzle 82 sprays the rich solution 18A downward.
- the rich solution 18A is discharged from the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower 22 via the rich solution extraction line 83, and heat-exchanged with the cooling water 85 by the cooler 84 and cooled, and then the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorption tower. 22 is sent.
- the counterflow type CO 2 absorber 81 is provided on the downstream side of the cooling unit 11 in the gas flow direction.
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 is provided above the cooling unit 11 of the cooling tower 16. Therefore, the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > B cooled by the cooling unit 11 of the cooling tower 16 goes to the countercurrent CO 2 absorption unit 81.
- the rich solution 18 ⁇ / b > A comes into contact with the exhaust gas 14 ⁇ / b > B after being cooled by the countercurrent CO 2 absorption unit 81 and then stored in the receiving unit 86.
- Countercurrent CO 2 absorbing section 81 exhaust gas 14B supplied to, the rich solution 18A countercurrently contacted in countercurrent CO within 2 absorbing section 81.
- the rich solution 18A can counter-current contact with the exhaust gas 14B, thereby absorbing CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14B and removing CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14B.
- the rich solution 18A comes into contact with the exhaust gas 14B after being cooled by the countercurrent CO 2 absorption unit 81 and is then stored in the receiving unit 86.
- the rich solution 18B stored in the receiving unit 86 is a rich solution feed line. 87 is extracted and supplied to the regeneration tower 21.
- the rich solution 18A discharged from the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is used as an absorption liquid for further absorbing CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B in the cooling tower 16. That is, the rich solution 18A absorbs CO 2 in the flue gas 14C-1 in cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22, the absorption solution which has absorbed CO 2 in the flue gas 14C-2 in the CO 2 absorber 23.
- the rich solution 18A as an absorbing liquid for further absorbing the CO 2 in the exhaust gas 14B by the countercurrent CO 2 absorbing portion 81, the rich solution 18B is stored in the receiving portion 86 of the cooling tower 16 in the rich solution 18B.
- the CO 2 concentration of can be further increased.
- a part of the rich solution 18B stored in the receiving part 86 may be extracted from the rich solution extraction branch line 88, mixed with the rich solution 18A, and circulated to the countercurrent CO 2 absorption part 81 for use. .
- the rich solution 18A can further absorb CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14B by the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 and remove CO 2 from the exhaust gas 14B, so that the CO 2 concentration in the rich solution 18B can be reduced. Can be further increased.
- the flow rate A3 of the rich solution 18A supplied from the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 to the cooling tower 16 and the rich solution 18B in the cooling tower 16 are extracted and supplied to the cooling tower 16 via the branch line 88.
- the reflux ratio (A4 / A3) of the rich solution 18B is preferably 0 or more and 3 or less, more preferably 0 or more and 2 or less.
- the gas temperature of the exhaust gas 14C-1 supplied to the CO 2 absorption tower 23 when the rich solution 18A comes into contact with the exhaust gas 14B. can be lowered.
- the gas temperature of the exhaust gas 14C-2 supplied to the CO 2 absorption tower 23 can also be lowered. . For this reason, it is possible to increase the absorption amount of CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14C in the CO 2 absorption tower 23, to improve the absorption efficiency of CO 2 and to reduce the consumption of the absorbing liquid. it can.
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus is provided with a co-current CO 2 absorption tower 22 in the flue 29 of the existing CO 2 recovery apparatus, and the downstream side in the gas flow direction inside the cooling tower 16 (inside the tower Since the counterflow type CO 2 absorption part 81 is provided on the upper side of the installation area, the installation area can be used effectively.
- the absorption efficiency of CO 2 contained in the exhaust gas 14A into the CO 2 absorbent 17 can be improved, and the CO 2 absorbent 17 contains the CO 2 absorbent. Therefore, the CO 2 absorbent 17 can be used efficiently. As a result, the steam required for releasing the CO 2 contained in the CO 2 absorbent 17 in the regeneration tower 21 can be used more efficiently without waste, so that the operating efficiency of the CO 2 recovery device can be further increased. it can. Further, the present invention can be more effectively applied to existing apparatuses.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36.
- Comparative Example 1 and the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% in a conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus not provided with cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22 Test It is an example.
- the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was set as a reference value (0%).
- Example 1-1 the filling of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22 when the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% This is a test example with a height of 14%.
- Examples 1-2 the height of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22 when the height of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% This is a test example with 28%.
- Examples 1-3 the height of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing co-current of a co-current CO 2 absorber when portions the height of 20 was 100% CO 2 absorbing section 19 of the CO 2 absorber 23 This is a test example of 43%.
- the flow rate A1 of the semi-rich solution 24 supplied from the CO 2 absorption tower 23 to the co-current CO 2 absorption tower 22 and the rich in the co-current CO 2 absorption tower 22 are used.
- the reflux ratio (A2 / A1) of the rich solution 18 to the flow rate A2 of the rich solution 18 that supplies the solution 18 to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 via the rich solution extraction branch line 41 is set to 0, and the cocurrent CO 2 cross-section ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 of the cross-sectional area S2 of the cross-sectional area S1 and the countercurrent CO 2 absorbing section 20 of the 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) was 1.
- the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 increased as the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 increased. Therefore, when the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is provided in the flue 29, the higher the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption section 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22, the more steam consumed by the reboiler 36.
- the reduction rate can be increased.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reflux ratio (A2 / A1) of the semi-rich solution 24 for recirculating the semi-rich solution 24 to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36.
- Comparative Example 2 filling height of Comparative Example 1 and similar, countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 of the CO 2 absorber 23 in a conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus not provided with cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22 This is a test example with 100%.
- Example 2 the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was set as a reference value (0%).
- Examples 2-1 to 2-3 co-current of a co-current CO 2 absorber 22 when both that the height of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 of the CO 2 absorber 23 and 100% CO 2 This is a test example in which the height of the absorber 19 is 28% and the cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) is 1.
- the reflux ratio of the semi-rich solution 24 was set to zero.
- Example 2-2 the reflux ratio of the semi-rich solution 24 was set to 1.
- Example 2-3 the reflux ratio of the semi-rich solution 24 was set to 2.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36.
- Comparative Example 3 as in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the filling of the counter-current CO 2 absorption unit 20 of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 in a conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus in which the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is not provided. This is a test example with a height of 100%.
- Examples 3-1 to 3-3 are all co-current of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22 when the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% This is a test example in which the height of the CO 2 absorber 19 is 28% and the reflux ratio (A2 / A1) of the rich solution 18 is zero.
- the cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 was set to 1.
- Example 3-2 the cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 was set to 0.75.
- the cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 was set to 0.5.
- the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 is the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 than in the case of 0.5 (S1 / S2) is In the case of 0.75 or 1, the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was larger.
- the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) is 0.75
- the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) is the case of the 1.0
- the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was almost the same.
- the cross-sectional area ratio (S1 / S2) of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 is larger than 0.5 so that the reboiler 36
- the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed can be increased.
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) and when changing the filling height of the cocurrent flow CO 2 -absorbing unit 19 and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 It is a figure which shows the relationship.
- the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) is 0.5
- the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) is reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 than in 1 was reduced, by increasing the filling height of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19, the cross-sectional area of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19
- the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was greater than when the ratio (S1 / S2) was 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36.
- Comparative Example 4-1 as in Comparative Example 1, the filling of the counter-current CO 2 absorption unit 20 of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 in the conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus not provided with the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is performed. This is a test example with a height of 100%.
- Comparative Example 4-1 the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was set as a reference value (0%).
- Comparative Example 4-2 in the conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus in which the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is not provided, the counter current CO 2 absorption section 20 of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 is arranged in two stages, and the counter current CO 2 is obtained. This is a test example in which the sum of the filling heights of the absorbers 20-1 and 20-2 is 100%.
- Example 4-1 the filling of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 when the sum of the height of the filled countercurrent of CO 2 absorption tower 23 CO 2 absorbing section 20 - 1 and 20 - 100% This is a test example with a height of 14%.
- Example 4-2 the filling of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 when the sum of the height of the filled countercurrent of CO 2 absorption tower 23 CO 2 absorbing section 20 - 1 and 20 - 100% This is a test example with a height of 28%.
- Example 4-3 the filling of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 when the sum of the height of the filled countercurrent of CO 2 absorption tower 23 CO 2 absorbing section 20 - 1 and 20 - 100% This is a test example with a height of 43%.
- the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20-1 is 29%
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20-2 is The filling height was 71%.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 23 includes counter-current CO 2 absorption sections 20-1 and 20-2, and the counter-current CO 2 absorption section 20 of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 has two stages.
- the CO 2 absorber 23 comprises a countercurrent CO 2 absorbing section 20, countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 20 is reduced rate of amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 than in first stage of the CO 2 absorber 23 (See Comparative Examples 4-1 and 4-2).
- the CO 2 absorption tower 23 has the counter-current CO 2 absorption section 20 in two stages, and the co-current CO 2 absorption tower 22 is provided in the flue 29 so that the reboiler 36 The reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed is even higher.
- the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 increases as the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 increases. Became bigger. Therefore, the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 is further increased by providing the counter-current CO 2 absorption section 20 of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 in a plurality of stages and providing the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 in the flue 29. Can be high. Moreover, the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 can be increased as the height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 increases.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 and the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36.
- Comparative Example 5-1 Comparative Examples 4-1 The same, countercurrent CO 2 absorbing section of the CO 2 absorber 23 in a conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus not provided with cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22 20 This is a test example with a filling height of 100%.
- the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 was set as a reference value (0%).
- Comparative Example 5-2 as in Comparative Example 4-2, the counter-current CO 2 absorption unit 20 of the CO 2 absorption tower 23 is replaced with 2 in a conventional CO 2 recovery apparatus in which the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is not provided. This is a test example in which a step is used and the sum of the filling heights of the countercurrent CO 2 absorbers 20-1 and 20-2 is 100%.
- Example 5-3 the CO 2 recovery apparatus provided with a cocurrent flow CO 2 absorber 22, the sum of the filling height of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 is 14% of the CO 2 absorber 23 toward the Nagareshiki CO 2 absorbing section 20 and a two-stage, the sum of the counter-current filling height of the CO 2 absorbing section 20-1, 20-2 is a test example in which 100%.
- Example 5-1 the filling of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 81 when the sum of counter-current filling height of the CO 2 absorbing section 20-1 and 20-2 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% This is a test example with a height of 14%.
- Example 5-2 the filling of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 81 when the sum of counter-current filling height of the CO 2 absorbing section 20-1 and 20-2 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% This is a test example with a height of 28%.
- Example 5-3 the filling of the countercurrent CO 2 -absorbing unit 81 when the sum of counter-current filling height of the CO 2 absorbing section 20-1 and 20-2 of the CO 2 absorber 23 to 100% This is a test example with a height of 43%.
- the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20-1 was 29%
- the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 20-2 was The filling height was 71%.
- Example 5-3 the filling height of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 19 of the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 was set to 28%.
- Comparative Examples 5-3 are all to reflux ratio rich solution 18A of (A2 / A1) and 0, the cross-sectional area ratio of the cocurrent flow CO 2 absorbing section 19 (S1 / S2) was set to 1.
- the flow A3 of the rich solution 18A supplied from the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 to the cooling tower 16 and the rich solution 18B in the cooling tower 16 are extracted from the rich solution branch line.
- the reflux ratio (A4 / A3) of the rich solution 18B to the flow rate A4 of the rich solution 18 supplied to the cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 through 83 is set to zero.
- a countercurrent CO 2 absorption portion 81 is provided inside the cooling tower 16, and a cocurrent CO 2 absorption tower 22 is provided between the cooling tower 16 and the CO 2 absorption tower 23.
- the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 has increased (see Examples 5-1 to 5-3). Moreover, the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 increased as the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 provided inside the cooling tower 16 increased. Therefore, the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 is further increased by providing the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 inside the cooling tower 16 and providing the cocurrent CO 2 absorber 22 in the flue 29. be able to. Moreover, the reduction rate of the amount of steam consumed by the reboiler 36 can be increased as the filling height of the countercurrent CO 2 absorber 81 inside the cooling tower 16 increases.
- CO 2 recovering apparatus 11 CO 2 recovering apparatus 11
- cooling unit 12 CO 2 absorbing section 13 absorbs liquid reproducing section 14A ⁇ 14C, 14C-1,14C- 2 exhaust 15,48,75 water 16 cooling tower 17
- Countercurrent CO 2 absorber 21 Absorbent regeneration tower 22
- Cocurrent CO 2 absorber 23 CO 2 absorption Tower 24, 24A, 24B Semi-rich solution 26, 31, 43, 43-1, 43-2, 49, 82 Spray nozzle 27, 33, 52, 56, 84 Cooler 28, 34, 53, 57, 65, 73, 85 Cooling water 29
- Flue 32 Semi-rich solution extraction line 36
- Water washing part 45 CO 2 removal exhaust gas 50, 55, 86 Receiving part
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Abstract
Description
本発明による第1の実施形態に係るCO2回収装置について、図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るCO2回収装置の構成を簡略に示す図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係るCO2回収装置10は、冷却部11と、CO2吸収部12と、吸収液再生部13とを有する。冷却部11は、CO2を含む排ガス14Aを水15と接触させて排ガス14Aを冷却するものであり、冷却塔16の内部に設けられている。また、CO2吸収部12は、排ガス14BとCO2を吸収するCO2吸収液(リーン溶液)17とを接触させて排ガス14BからCO2を除去するものである。本実施形態においては、CO2吸収部12は、排ガス14BをCO2を吸収したCO2吸収液(セミリッチ溶液)24と並流状態で接触させて排ガス14BからCO2を除去する並流式CO2吸収部19と、排ガス14CをCO2吸収液17と向流状態で接触させて排ガス14CからCO2を除去する向流式CO2吸収部20とを有する。また、吸収液再生部13は、リッチ溶液18からCO2を放出させてCO2吸収液17を再生するものであり、吸収液再生塔(以下、再生塔という)21の内部に設けられている。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係るCO2回収装置について、図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態に係るCO2回収装置の構成は、上述の図1に示すCO2回収装置の構成と同様であるため、CO2回収装置の構成を示す図は省略し、冷却塔とCO2吸収塔との構成を示す図のみを用いて説明する。なお、図1、図2のCO2回収装置と同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明は省略する。また、本実施形態においては、図2に示すように、向流式CO2吸収部20を2つ設けた場合について説明する。
図1に示す本発明の第1の実施形態に係るCO2回収装置10のように、冷却塔16とCO2吸収塔23との間に並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けた場合に、リボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率について、並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の高さを変えた場合、並流式CO2吸収塔22を循環させるセミリッチ溶液24の還流比(A2/A1)を変えた場合、並流式CO2吸収塔22とCO2吸収塔23との断面積比(S1/S2)を変えた場合の各々について検討した。以下、図1に示す本発明の第1の実施形態に係るCO2回収装置10を参照にしつつ説明する。
図4は、並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さとリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係を示す図である。なお、比較例1は、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした試験例である。比較例1において、リボイラ36が消費する蒸気量を基準値(0%)とした。実施例1-1は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした時に並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さを14%とした試験例である。実施例1-2は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の高さを100%とした時に並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の高さを28%とした試験例である。実施例1-3は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の高さを100%とした時に並流式CO2吸収塔の並流式CO2吸収部19の高さを43%とした試験例である。実施例1-1~1-3は、いずれも、CO2吸収塔23から並流式CO2吸収塔22に供給されるセミリッチ溶液24の流量A1と並流式CO2吸収塔22内のリッチ溶液18をリッチ溶液抜き出し分岐ライン41を介して並流式CO2吸収塔22に供給するリッチ溶液18の流量A2とのリッチ溶液18の還流比(A2/A1)を0とし、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積S1と向流式CO2吸収部20の断面積S2との並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を1とした。
図5は、セミリッチ溶液24を並流式CO2吸収塔22に再度循環させるセミリッチ溶液24の還流比(A2/A1)とリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係を示す図である。なお、比較例2は、比較例1と同様、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした試験例である。比較例2において、リボイラ36が消費する蒸気量を基準値(0%)とした。実施例2-1~2-3は、いずれもCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の高さを100%とした時に並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の高さを28%とし、断面積比(S1/S2)を1とした試験例である。実施例2-1は、セミリッチ溶液24の還流比を0とした。実施例2-2は、セミリッチ溶液24の還流比を1とした。実施例2-3は、セミリッチ溶液24の還流比を2とした。
図6は、並流式CO2吸収塔22の断面積比とリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係を示す図である。なお、比較例3は、比較例1、2と同様、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした試験例である。実施例3-1~3-3は、いずれもCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした時の並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の高さを28%とし、リッチ溶液18の還流比(A2/A1)を0とした試験例である。実施例3-1は、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を1とした。実施例3-2は、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を0.75とした。実施例3-3は、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を0.5とした。
図7は、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)と並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さを変化させた場合とリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係を示す図である。実施例3-4は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の高さを100%とした時の並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の高さを43%とし、リッチ溶液18の還流比(A2/A1)を0とし、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を0.5とした試験例である。
図8は、並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さとリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係を示す図である。なお、比較例4-1は、比較例1と同様、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした試験例である。比較例4-1において、リボイラ36が消費する蒸気量を基準値(0%)とした。比較例4-2は、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20を2段とし、向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした試験例である。実施例4-1は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした時の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さを14%とした試験例である。実施例4-2は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした時の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さを28%とした試験例である。実施例4-3は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした時の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さを43%とした試験例である。また、実施例4-1~4-3、比較例4-2は、いずれも向流式CO2吸収部20-1の充填高さを29%、向流式CO2吸収部20-2の充填高さを71%とした。また、実施例4-1~4-3、比較例4-1、4-2は、いずれもリッチ溶液18の還流比(A2/A1)を0とし、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を1とした。
[CO2吸収塔23のCO2吸収部を2段とし、冷却塔16の内部の向流式CO2吸収部81の充填高さとリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係]
図9は、向流式CO2吸収部81の充填高さとリボイラ36で消費する蒸気量の削減率との関係を示す図である。なお、比較例5-1は、比較例4-1と同様、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20の充填高さを100%とした試験例である。比較例5-1において、リボイラ36が消費する蒸気量を基準値(0%)とした。比較例5-2は、比較例4-2と同様、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けていない従来のCO2回収装置においてCO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20を2段とし、向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした試験例である。比較例5-3は、並流式CO2吸収塔22を設けたCO2回収装置において、並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さの和を14%とし、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20を2段とし、向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした試験例である。実施例5-1は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした時の向流式CO2吸収部81の充填高さを14%とした試験例である。実施例5-2は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした時の向流式CO2吸収部81の充填高さを28%とした試験例である。実施例5-3は、CO2吸収塔23の向流式CO2吸収部20-1、20-2の充填高さの和を100%とした時の向流式CO2吸収部81の充填高さを43%とした試験例である。また、実施例5-1~5-3、比較例5-2は、いずれも向流式CO2吸収部20-1の充填高さを29%、向流式CO2吸収部20-2の充填高さを71%とした。また、実施例5-1~5-3、比較例5-3は、いずれも並流式CO2吸収塔22の並流式CO2吸収部19の充填高さを28%とした。また、実施例5-1~5-3、比較例5-3は、いずれもリッチ溶液18Aの還流比(A2/A1)を0とし、並流式CO2吸収部19の断面積比(S1/S2)を1とした。また、実施例5-1~5-3は、並流式CO2吸収塔22から冷却塔16に供給されるリッチ溶液18Aの流量A3と冷却塔16内のリッチ溶液18Bをリッチ溶液抜き出し分岐ライン83を介して並流式CO2吸収塔22に供給するリッチ溶液18の流量A4とのリッチ溶液18Bの還流比(A4/A3)を0とした。
11 冷却部
12 CO2吸収部
13 吸収液再生部
14A~14C、14C-1、14C-2 排ガス
15、48、75 水
16 冷却塔
17 CO2吸収液(リーン溶液)
18、18A、18B リッチ溶液
19 並流式CO2吸収部
20、20-1、20-2、81 向流式CO2吸収部
21 吸収液再生塔
22 並流式CO2吸収塔
23 CO2吸収塔
24、24A、24B セミリッチ溶液
26、31、43、43-1、43-2、49、82 噴霧ノズル
27、33、52、56、84 冷却器
28、34、53、57、65、73、85 冷却水
29 煙道
32 セミリッチ溶液抜き出しライン
36 再生過熱器(リボイラ)
37、87 リッチ溶液送給ライン
38 リッチソルベントポンプ
39 リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器
41、83、88 リッチ溶液抜き出し分岐ライン
44 水洗部
45 デミスタ
47 CO2除去排ガス
50、55、86 受け部
51 ポンプ
61 スチーム
62 飽和スチーム
63 リーンソルベントポンプ
64 リーンソルベントクーラ
71、76 CO2ガス
72 コンデンサ
74 分離ドラム
77 凝縮水循環ポンプ
Claims (7)
- CO2を含む排ガスを水と接触させて前記排ガスを冷却する冷却部と、
前記排ガスとCO2を吸収するCO2吸収液とを接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去するCO2吸収部と、
CO2を吸収したCO2吸収液からCO2を放出させてCO2吸収液を再生する吸収液再生部と、
を有し、
前記CO2吸収部は、前記排ガスを前記CO2吸収液と向流状態で接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去する少なくとも1つの向流式CO2吸収部と、前記排ガスを前記CO2吸収液と並流状態で接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去する少なくとも1つの並流式CO2吸収部とを有することを特徴とするCO2回収装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記CO2吸収部においてCO2を吸収したCO2吸収液を冷却し、前記CO2吸収部に再度供給することを特徴とするCO2回収装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記並流式CO2吸収部は、前記排ガスの流れ方向の最も前流側に設けられることを特徴とするCO2回収装置。 - 請求項1乃至3の何れか1つにおいて、
前記向流式CO2吸収部は、前記排ガスの流れ方向の最も前流側に設けられることを特徴とするCO2回収装置。 - 請求項1乃至4の何れか1つにおいて、
前記CO2吸収部に含まれる前記向流式CO2吸収部と前記並流式CO2吸収部との少なくとも1つが、前記排ガスと前記CO2吸収液とを接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去するCO2吸収塔内に設けられ、
前記並流式CO2吸収部が、前記冷却部と前記CO2吸収塔との間に設けられることを特徴とするCO2回収装置。 - 請求項1乃至5の何れか1つにおいて、
前記CO2吸収部に含まれる前記向流式CO2吸収部と前記並流式CO2吸収部との少なくとも1つが、前記排ガスと前記CO2吸収液とを接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去するCO2吸収塔内に設けられ、
前記向流式CO2吸収部が、前記冷却部と前記CO2吸収塔との間に設けられることを特徴とするCO2回収装置。 - 請求項1乃至6の何れか1つにおいて、
前記冷却部が、前記排ガスを水と接触させて前記排ガスを冷却する冷却塔内に設けられ、
前記向流式CO2吸収塔が、前記冷却塔の内部に設けられることを特徴とするCO2回収装置。
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