WO2012137577A1 - 触媒コンバータ装置 - Google Patents
触媒コンバータ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012137577A1 WO2012137577A1 PCT/JP2012/056332 JP2012056332W WO2012137577A1 WO 2012137577 A1 WO2012137577 A1 WO 2012137577A1 JP 2012056332 W JP2012056332 W JP 2012056332W WO 2012137577 A1 WO2012137577 A1 WO 2012137577A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- catalyst carrier
- pair
- electrode
- catalytic converter
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
- F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
- B01J27/22—Carbides
- B01J27/224—Silicon carbide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalytic converter device provided in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 04-280086
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 04-280086
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-280086 has a square cell (through hole) having a square cross-sectional shape, and a pair is formed so that an angle formed with the through hole wall is an acute angle.
- a honeycomb monolith heater in which uniform heat generation can be obtained by arranging the electrode plates.
- the vicinity of the electrode plate in contact with the catalyst carrier (that is, directly under the electrode plate) is connected to the discharge from the electrode plate or the electrode plate. Since there is heat transfer to the cable, the temperature of the catalyst carrier in the vicinity of the electrode plates tends to be lower than the central portion of the catalyst carrier between the electrode plates.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above facts, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a catalytic converter device that can reduce the temperature unevenness of the catalyst carrier and approximate a uniform temperature distribution.
- a catalytic converter device carries a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine and is heated by energization, and an orthogonal cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. And a pair of electrodes disposed in contact with the outer periphery of the catalyst carrier at positions facing each other with the catalyst carrier in between, and an external cable connected to each of the electrodes to supply current to the electrodes
- By making the volume resistivity of the electrode higher than that of the current-carrying portion heat generation at the electrode is given to the catalyst carrier, and the heat generation amount of the catalyst carrier in the vicinity of the electrode is compared with the heat generation amount inside the catalyst carrier. Is a lot of things.
- the catalytic converter device is the catalytic converter device according to the first aspect, wherein the external cable is connected to a position where the distance between the pair of electrodes is long when viewed in the orthogonal cross section.
- the pair of electrodes is configured such that the volume resistivity increases in a direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes is shortened from a position where the external cable is connected as viewed in the orthogonal cross section. is there.
- the pair of electrodes are arranged in contact with the outer periphery of the catalyst carrier so as to face each other with the catalyst carrier interposed therebetween, and the external cables connected to the pair of electrodes respectively.
- the catalyst carrier When the catalyst carrier is energized, the catalyst carrier is heated and heated up, so that the exhausted purification effect is exhibited by the supported catalyst.
- the volume resistivity of the electrode higher than that of the current-carrying part of the external cable, heat generation at the electrode is given to the catalyst carrier, and the heat generation amount of the catalyst carrier in the vicinity of the electrode is compared with the heat generation amount inside the catalyst carrier To do more.
- the amount of heat dissipated in the vicinity of the electrode of the catalyst carrier is larger due to heat dissipation from the electrode and heat transfer to the external cable than in the catalyst carrier, but heat generation at the electrode can be achieved by increasing the volume resistivity of the electrode.
- the calorific value of the catalyst carrier in the vicinity of the electrode is increased as compared with the calorific value inside the catalyst carrier to obtain a calorific value in anticipation of the heat radiation amount of the catalyst carrier (a calorific value that supplements the heat radiation amount).
- the heat generation at each part of the catalyst carrier is equalized, and it is possible to reduce the temperature unevenness of the catalyst carrier and approximate a uniform temperature distribution.
- the external cable is connected to a position where the distance between the pair of electrodes is long when viewed in an orthogonal cross section, and the position between the pair of electrodes from the position where the external cable is connected.
- the volume resistivity of the pair of electrodes increases in the direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes decreases, and the current increases from the position where the external cable is connected toward the direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes decreases. It becomes difficult to flow.
- the current is generated at the portion of the catalyst carrier where the distance between the pair of electrodes is shorter than the portion of the catalyst carrier where the distance between the pair of electrodes is long.
- the volume resistivity of a pair of electrode may become high toward the direction where the distance between a pair of electrodes becomes short, and the part of a catalyst carrier with a long distance between a pair of electrodes and a pair. This facilitates equalization of the ease of current flow in the portion of the catalyst support where the distance between the electrodes is short. This makes it possible to flow the current more uniformly through the catalyst carrier, and more effectively reduce the temperature unevenness of the catalyst carrier to approach a uniform temperature distribution.
- the catalytic converter device According to the catalytic converter device according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the temperature unevenness of the catalyst carrier and approximate a uniform temperature distribution.
- FIG. 1A shows a catalytic converter device 12 according to the present embodiment.
- the catalytic converter device 12 is mounted in the middle of the exhaust pipe. Exhaust gas from the engine flows in the exhaust pipe.
- FIG. 1B shows the catalytic converter device 12 in a cross section (cross section 2-2 in FIG. 1A) perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. is there.
- the catalytic converter device 12 includes a catalyst carrier 14 formed of a material having conductivity and rigidity.
- the catalyst carrier 14 is formed in a honeycomb shape to increase the surface area of the material.
- a catalyst platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.
- the catalyst has an action of purifying harmful substances in the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe (the flow direction is indicated by F1).
- the structure for increasing the surface area of the catalyst carrier 14 is not limited to the above honeycomb shape, and may be, for example, a wave shape.
- a conductive ceramic, a conductive resin, a metal, or the like can be applied.
- a conductive ceramic is particularly used.
- a material constituting the catalyst carrier 14 for example, it is preferable to include at least silicon carbide because high strength and heat resistance can be obtained.
- the electrical resistivity is 10 to 200 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the temperature of the supported catalyst can be increased efficiently when energized as will be described later.
- the porosity of the catalyst carrier is preferably in the range of 30 to 60%. When the porosity is 30% or more, a necessary surface area is secured and a large amount of catalyst can be supported. Moreover, it becomes possible to maintain the intensity
- Two electrodes 16A and 16B are attached to the catalyst carrier 14, and terminals 18A and 18B are connected to the centers of the electrodes 16A and 16B, respectively.
- External cables 30 for supplying current are connected to the terminals 18A and 18B, respectively (see FIG. 2A).
- the electrodes 16A and 16B are arranged in contact with the catalyst carrier 14 in a range having a predetermined spread along the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 14, and the catalyst carrier 14 is energized from the terminals 18A and 18B through the electrodes 16A and 16B.
- the catalyst carrier 14 can be heated.
- the temperature of the catalyst carried on the catalyst carrier 14 is raised, so that the exhaust gas purifying action of the catalyst can be exhibited to a higher degree.
- the catalyst carrier 14 when viewed in a cross section (orthogonal cross section) orthogonal to the flow direction of the exhaust, the catalyst carrier 14 has both sides of the elliptical long axis LA in the width direction as the long axis LA. It is a so-called track shape formed in a substantially parallel and linear shape. Then, a pair of electrodes 16A and 16B are arranged at positions facing each other across the catalyst carrier 14 so that the central portions (electrode centers 16C) of the electrodes 16A and 16B are located on the long axis LA of the catalyst carrier 14 is doing.
- a center line CL is set as a line segment connecting the electrode centers 16C of the electrodes 16A and 16B, and the width W is defined as the length of the catalyst carrier 14 measured in a direction orthogonal to the center line CL.
- the center line CL coincides with the long axis LA of the catalyst carrier 14.
- the catalyst carrier 14 has a symmetrical shape in FIG. 1B around the center line CL (long axis LA). Furthermore, the catalyst carrier 14 has a vertically symmetric shape in FIG. 1B, with the vertical bisector VD of the center line CL as the center.
- the catalyst carrier 14 is formed with a gradually decreasing width portion 14D in which a width W in a direction orthogonal to the center line CL is gradually reduced toward the electrode center 16C at a portion where the electrodes 16A and 16B are in contact with each other.
- the portion where the electrodes 16A and 16B are attached is a curved surface portion that curves in a convex shape toward the electrode 16A or the electrode 16B.
- the catalyst carrier 14 is formed with a wide portion 14W whose outer edge is wider than a portion where the electrodes 16A and 16B are arranged in contact with each other (gradually reduced width portion 14D) in a portion where the electrodes 16A and 16B are not arranged in contact with each other.
- the wide portion 14W is formed in a straight line substantially parallel to the center line CL.
- the wide portion 14W is a maximum width portion where the width W of the catalyst carrier 14 is maximum.
- the width W of the catalyst carrier 14 is shorter than the length L1 of the center line CL (long axis LA) at an arbitrary position.
- the wide portion 14W of the catalyst carrier 14 is formed in a straight line substantially parallel to the center line CL, and the amount of reduction in the cross-sectional area of the current flow in the wide portion 14W with respect to the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B is small. Less and less decrease in current density. For this reason, the calorific value in the catalyst carrier 14 can be made uniform.
- the volume resistivity of the electrodes 16A and 16B is made higher than that of the energizing portion (electric wire) of the external cable 30, heat generated at the electrodes 16A and 16B is given to the catalyst carrier 14, and the catalyst carrier in the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B. 14 is configured to be larger than the amount of heat generated inside the catalyst carrier 14 (for example, near the center 14C of the catalyst carrier 14 between the electrodes 16A and 16B).
- the volume resistivity means an electric resistance value ( ⁇ ⁇ cm) per unit volume. The resistance value of the entire material is obtained by multiplying the volume resistivity by the length (L) and dividing by the cross-sectional area (A).
- the volume resistivity is a value (physical property value) specific to a substance, and when a comparison is made with the same dimensions, a substance having a large volume resistivity has a large resistance value.
- the volume resistivity is increased by adjusting the materials of the electrodes 16A and 16B and the amount of additive added to the materials.
- the balance between the amount of heat generated and the amount of heat released is in the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B (just below the electrodes 16A and 16B in the figure) and inside the catalyst carrier 14 (for example, the electrodes). 16A and 16B must be substantially the same in the vicinity of the center 14C of the catalyst carrier 14).
- a uniform temperature distribution is realized by controlling the heat generation amount of the catalyst carrier 14 in the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B.
- FIG. 2A schematically shows the amount of heat generated in the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B of the catalyst carrier 14 and the central part of the catalyst carrier 14, and FIG. 2B shows the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B of the catalyst carrier 14 and the catalyst carrier.
- the amount of heat radiation at the center of 14 is schematically shown.
- 2C schematically shows the temperatures of the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B of the catalyst carrier 14 and the central portion of the catalyst carrier 14.
- a holding member 24 formed in a cylindrical shape by an insulating material is disposed on the outer periphery of the catalyst carrier 14. Further, a case cylinder 28 formed in a cylindrical shape with a metal such as stainless steel is disposed on the outer periphery of the holding member 24. That is, the catalyst carrier 14 is accommodated inside the cylindrical case cylinder 28, and the catalyst carrier 14 is placed in the case cylinder 28 by the holding member 24 disposed between the case cylinder 28 and the catalyst carrier 14. It is held without gaps inside. Since the insulating holding member 24 is disposed between the catalyst carrier 14 and the case cylinder 28, the flow of current from the catalyst carrier 14 to the case cylinder 28 is prevented.
- the catalytic converter device 12 has a case cylinder 28 attached in the middle of the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust passes through the inside of the catalyst carrier 14 in the direction of arrow F1. At this time, harmful substances in the exhaust gas are purified by the catalyst supported on the catalyst carrier 14.
- a current is supplied from the external cable 30, the catalyst carrier 14 is energized by the terminals 18A and 18B and the electrodes 16A and 16B, and the catalyst carrier 14 is heated.
- the current between the electrodes 16A and 16B flows as shown by an arrow EC.
- the temperature of the catalyst supported on the catalyst carrier 14 can be raised and the purification action can be exerted to a high degree. For example, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, such as immediately after starting the engine, the catalyst purification performance in the initial stage of engine starting can be ensured by conducting energization heating to the catalyst carrier 14 in advance.
- the volume resistivity of the pair of electrodes 16A and 16B facing each other with the catalyst carrier 14 interposed therebetween is set higher than that of the energization portion of the external cable 30.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C a catalytic converter device 112 of a comparative example in which the volume resistivity of the pair of electrodes 116A and 116B is not increased as compared with the energization portion of the external cable 130 is assumed.
- FIG. 5B the amount of heat release in the vicinity of the electrodes 116A and 116B of the catalyst carrier 114 is large due to heat release from the electrodes 116A and 116B and heat transfer to the external cable 130 (see FIG. 2B). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5A, even if the current distribution inside the catalyst carrier 114 is made substantially uniform and uniform heat generation is realized, the amount of heat radiation is large, so as shown in FIG.
- the temperature in the vicinity of 116A and 116B is lower than the temperature at the center of the catalyst carrier 14.
- the electrodes 16A and 16B are made to be higher by making the volume resistivity of the electrodes 16A and 16B higher than that of the energized portion of the external cable 30.
- the generated heat is applied to the catalyst carrier 14 so that the amount of heat generated in the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B of the catalyst carrier 14 (just below the electrodes 16A and 16B) is larger than the amount of heat generated at the center of the catalyst carrier 14.
- the amount of heat generated near the electrodes 16A and 16B of the catalyst carrier 14 is increased as compared with the amount of heat generated at the center of the catalyst carrier 14 so as to compensate for the amount of heat released near the electrodes 16A and 16B of the catalyst carrier 14 (catalyst carrier 14).
- the calorific value in the vicinity of the electrodes 16A and 16B is a calorific value in anticipation of the heat radiation amount of the catalyst carrier 14).
- the two electrodes 56 ⁇ / b> A are opposed to the gradually decreasing width portion 14 ⁇ / b> D of the catalyst support 14 with the catalyst support 14 interposed therebetween.
- 56B are attached, and terminals 18A, 18B are connected to the centers of the electrodes 56A, 56B, respectively. That is, the external cable 30 (see FIG. 2A) is connected to the position where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is long (the position of the center line CL in the present embodiment) via the terminals 18A and 18B. Yes.
- the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B has a volume in a direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B becomes shorter from the position where the terminals 18A and 18B are provided (position where the external cable 30 is connected) when viewed in an orthogonal cross section.
- the resistivity is increased.
- the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B has a position 60B (catalyst carrier 14) where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is shortened from the position 60A (position of the center line CL) where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is long.
- the volume resistivity is increased toward the wide portion 14W side).
- the volume resistivity increases in the direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B decreases. It is comprised so that it may become.
- the volume resistivity of the electrodes 56A and 56B may be configured to gradually increase from the position where the terminals 18A and 18B are provided toward the direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B decreases. You may comprise so that it may become high.
- the catalytic converter device 52 is configured such that the volume resistivity increases from a position where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is long toward a direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is shortened. As the distance between the electrodes 56A and 56B increases (the position where the terminals 18A and 18B are provided), the current is less likely to flow as the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B decreases.
- the volume resistivity of the catalyst carrier 14 is higher than the volume resistivity of the electrodes 56A and 56B, the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is longer than the portion of the catalyst carrier 14 (near the center line CL). A current tends to flow at a portion of the catalyst carrier 14 (near the wide portion 14W) where the distance between the electrodes 56A and 56B is short.
- the volume resistivity of the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B increases from the position where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is long toward the direction in which the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B becomes shorter.
- the electrodes 56A and 56B and the catalyst carrier 14 are configured to have substantially the same electrical resistance at the position 60B where the distance is short.
- a portion surrounded by the catalyst carrier 14 indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 4 indicates the electric resistance by the catalyst carrier 14.
- the electrical resistance of the catalyst carrier 14 is larger than at the position 60B where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B is short.
- the outside of the portion surrounded by the catalyst carrier 14 at the position 60B where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A and 56B in FIG. 4 is short indicates the electrical resistance due to the electrodes 56A and 56B.
- the electrode 56A, the total electrical resistance is substantially the same at the position 60A where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A, 56B is long and the position 60B where the distance between the pair of electrodes 56A, 56B is short.
- the volume resistivity of 56B is adjusted.
- the ease of current flow with the 14 parts is equalized, and the current can flow more uniformly through the catalyst carrier 14. For this reason, the temperature unevenness of the catalyst carrier 14 can be reduced more effectively, and the catalyst carrier 14 can be brought closer to a substantially uniform temperature distribution.
- the catalyst carrier 14 includes the gradually decreasing width portion 14D in which the width W in the direction orthogonal to the center line CL gradually decreases toward the electrode center at the portion where the pair of electrodes are in contact with each other, and the pair of electrodes.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the shape of the catalyst carrier can be changed.
- the shape of the catalyst carrier can be changed to an elliptical shape, a drum shape, a circular shape, or the like when viewed in a cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
通電による発熱量Wは、
W=R×I2
で表される。ここで、Wは発熱量、Iは電流、Rは電気抵抗である。
R=ρ×L/A
で表される。ここで、ρは通電体(本実施形態では電極16A、16B)の体積抵抗率、Lは通電体(電極16A、16B)の長さ、Aは通電体(電極16A、16B)の断面積である。上の式により、発熱量Wをコントロールする手段として、電極16A、16Bの体積抵抗率ρがパラメータであることが分かる。
R=ρ×L/A
で表される。
また、図4中の二点鎖線で示される触媒担体14で囲まれた部分は、触媒担体14による電気抵抗を示している。図4に示されるように、一対の電極56A、56B間の距離が長い位置60Aでは、一対の電極56A、56B間の距離が短い位置60Bに比べて、触媒担体14の電気抵抗が大きい。また、図4中の一対の電極56A、56B間の距離が短い位置60Bにおける触媒担体14で囲まれた部分の外側は、電極56A、56Bによる電気抵抗を示している。本実施形態では、一対の電極56A、56B間の距離が長い位置60Aと一対の電極56A、56B間の距離が短い位置60Bとで、トータルの電気抵抗がほぼ同じになるように、電極56A、56Bの体積抵抗率を調整している。
Claims (2)
- 内燃機関から排出される排気を浄化するための触媒を担持し、通電によって加熱される触媒担体と、
前記排気の流れ方向と直交する直交断面で見て前記触媒担体を挟んで対向する位置で前記触媒担体の外周に接触配置された一対の電極と、
を有すると共に、
前記電極にそれぞれ接続されて前記電極に電流を供給するための外部ケーブルの通電部よりも前記電極の体積抵抗率を高くすることで、前記電極での発熱を前記触媒担体に与えて、前記電極近傍における前記触媒担体の発熱量を前記触媒担体の内部の発熱量に比べて多くした触媒コンバータ装置。 - 前記直交断面で見て前記一対の電極間の距離が長い位置に前記外部ケーブルが接続されており、
前記一対の電極は、前記直交断面で見て前記外部ケーブルが接続された位置から前記一対の電極間の距離が短くなる方向に向かって体積抵抗率が高くなるように構成されている請求項1に記載の触媒コンバータ装置。
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US14/008,674 US9243540B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-03-12 | Catalytic converter |
CN201280017026.6A CN103459795B (zh) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-03-12 | 催化转换装置 |
DE112012001620.3T DE112012001620B4 (de) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-03-12 | Katalytischer Konverter |
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WO2017086020A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-26 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム型加熱装置及びその使用方法 |
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US10598068B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2020-03-24 | Emissol, Llc | Catalytic converters having non-linear flow channels |
JP6999470B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-28 | 2022-01-18 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
JP2020143597A (ja) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-09-10 | 株式会社デンソー | 電極付きハニカム基材 |
JP7046028B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2022-04-01 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体の発熱分布測定方法、ハニカム構造体の発熱分布測定システム、ハニカム構造体の製造方法及び電気加熱式担体の製造方法 |
US11215096B2 (en) | 2019-08-21 | 2022-01-04 | Corning Incorporated | Systems and methods for uniformly heating a honeycomb body |
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US20140037511A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
DE112012001620T5 (de) | 2014-01-16 |
CN103459795A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
JP5413398B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
CN103459795B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
JP2012219713A (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
DE112012001620B4 (de) | 2016-03-03 |
US9243540B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
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