JP5411887B2 - 触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 - Google Patents
触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5411887B2 JP5411887B2 JP2011064610A JP2011064610A JP5411887B2 JP 5411887 B2 JP5411887 B2 JP 5411887B2 JP 2011064610 A JP2011064610 A JP 2011064610A JP 2011064610 A JP2011064610 A JP 2011064610A JP 5411887 B2 JP5411887 B2 JP 5411887B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst carrier
- width
- structure according
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 180
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 49
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
-
- B01J35/30—
-
- B01J35/56—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Description
触媒担体の気孔率を30%以上とすると、必要な表面積を確保して多くの触媒担体を担持可能である。また、触媒担体の気孔率を60%以下とすると、触媒担体として求められる強度を維持できる。
このような構成とされた触媒コンバータ装置12において触媒担体14に触媒が担持されていない状態のものが、本発明の触媒担持用構造体13となっている。換言すれば、触媒担持用構造体13の触媒担体14に触媒を担持させたものが、触媒コンバータ装置12である。
なお、第2実施形態の触媒コンバータ装置42においても、触媒担体44に触媒が担持されていない状態のものが、本発明の触媒担持用構造体43となっている。
第2実施形態の触媒コンバータ装置52においても、触媒担体54に触媒が担持されていない状態のものが、本発明の触媒担持用構造体53となっている。
13 触媒担持用構造体
14 触媒担体
14D 漸減幅部
14W 幅広部
14M 最大幅部
14C 触媒担体の中心
16A、16B 電極
16C 電極中心
18A、18B 端子
42 触媒コンバータ装置
43 触媒担持用構造体
44 触媒担体
44W 幅広部
52 触媒コンバータ装置
53 触媒担持用構造体
54 触媒担体
54W 幅広部
CL 中心線
VD 垂直二等分線
LA 長軸
SA 短軸
W1 最大幅
Claims (12)
- 通電によって加熱され所定の方向に排気が通過可能な触媒担体と、
前記排気の流れ方向と直交する直交断面で見て前記触媒担体を挟んで対向する位置で触媒担体に接触配置された一対の電極と、
前記触媒担体に形成され、前記直交断面で見て前記電極のそれぞれの中心を結ぶ電極中心線と直交する方向の幅が、前記電極が接触された部位において放熱による温度低下が想定される前記電極中心に向かって電流密度をより高くするように漸減する漸減幅部と、
前記触媒担体の前記電極が接触されていない部位が、前記直交断面で見て前記漸減幅部よりも全体的に幅広、かつ電流密度が前記漸減幅部よりも低くなるように、該部位において幅が最大となる最大幅部の幅を、前記電極中心線の長さの77〜93%とすることで、前記触媒担体での最高温度部位と最低温度部位との温度差が小さくなるように構成された幅広部と、
を有する触媒担持用構造体。 - 前記最大幅部の幅W1が、前記長さL1の85〜93%である請求項1に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記最大幅部の幅W1が、前記長さL1の77〜85%である請求項1に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体は、少なくとも炭化珪素が含まれた材料で構成される請求項1〜請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体は、少なくとも炭化珪素と金属珪素とが含まれた材料で構成される請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体の気孔率は、30〜60%とされている請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記漸減幅部が、前記直交断面で見て前記電極側に凸となる湾曲形状とされている請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体が、前記直交断面で見て前記電極中心線を長軸とする楕円形状とされている請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体の前記最大幅部が、前記漸減幅部以外の部分の全体に形成されている請求項1〜請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体が、前記直交断面で見て前記電極中心線を中心とする対称形状とされている請求項1〜請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 前記触媒担体が、前記直交断面で見て前記電極中心線の垂直二等分線を中心とする対称形状とされている請求項1〜請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体。
- 請求項1〜請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の触媒担持用構造体と、
前記触媒担持用構造体の前記触媒担体に担持され、内燃機関から排出される排気を浄化するための触媒と、
を有する触媒コンバータ装置。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011064610A JP5411887B2 (ja) | 2011-03-23 | 2011-03-23 | 触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 |
US14/003,891 US9421495B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-03-12 | Structural body for supporting a catalyst, and catalytic converter |
CN201280012697.3A CN103492047B (zh) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-03-12 | 催化剂负载用结构体以及催化剂转换装置 |
PCT/JP2012/056333 WO2012128112A1 (ja) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-03-12 | 触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 |
EP12760003.9A EP2689824B1 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-03-12 | Structure for supporting catalyst, and catalytic converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011064610A JP5411887B2 (ja) | 2011-03-23 | 2011-03-23 | 触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2012200621A JP2012200621A (ja) | 2012-10-22 |
JP5411887B2 true JP5411887B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
Family
ID=46879264
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011064610A Active JP5411887B2 (ja) | 2011-03-23 | 2011-03-23 | 触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9421495B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2689824B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5411887B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103492047B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012128112A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017504763A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2017-02-09 | ヴィダ ホールディングス コーポレーション リミテッド | 触媒コンバータ断熱材の大きさ及び位置決め方法 |
US11215096B2 (en) | 2019-08-21 | 2022-01-04 | Corning Incorporated | Systems and methods for uniformly heating a honeycomb body |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3001281B2 (ja) | 1991-03-06 | 2000-01-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカムモノリスヒータ |
JP3334897B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-02 | 2002-10-15 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
JP3334898B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-02 | 2002-10-15 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
JPH0576530U (ja) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-19 | カルソニック株式会社 | 排気浄化用電気発熱式金属担体触媒コンバータ |
EP0572827A1 (en) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-12-08 | Corning Incorporated | Heated cellular substrates |
JPH09103684A (ja) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-04-22 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 並列発熱型ハニカムヒーター |
-
2011
- 2011-03-23 JP JP2011064610A patent/JP5411887B2/ja active Active
-
2012
- 2012-03-12 US US14/003,891 patent/US9421495B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-12 CN CN201280012697.3A patent/CN103492047B/zh active Active
- 2012-03-12 WO PCT/JP2012/056333 patent/WO2012128112A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-03-12 EP EP12760003.9A patent/EP2689824B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103492047A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
EP2689824B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
US20140004014A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
EP2689824A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
CN103492047B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
EP2689824A4 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
JP2012200621A (ja) | 2012-10-22 |
US9421495B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
WO2012128112A1 (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9295944B2 (en) | Electrically heated catalyst device and its manufacturing method | |
JPWO2011125177A1 (ja) | 電気加熱式触媒装置 | |
JP5413398B2 (ja) | 触媒コンバータ装置 | |
US9464549B2 (en) | Electrically heated catalyst device and its manufacturing method | |
US9815024B2 (en) | Electrically heated catalyst device and its manufacturing method | |
JP5531925B2 (ja) | 電気加熱型触媒 | |
JP5411887B2 (ja) | 触媒担持用構造体及び触媒コンバータ装置 | |
JP2019171229A (ja) | 電気加熱型触媒用担体 | |
US20130199165A1 (en) | Electrically heated catalyst device | |
JP6015278B2 (ja) | 電気加熱式触媒コンバーター | |
JP2019173600A (ja) | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 | |
JP5636900B2 (ja) | 電気加熱型触媒 | |
US9422852B2 (en) | Electric heating catalyst | |
JP5353674B2 (ja) | 触媒コンバータ装置 | |
JP5757274B2 (ja) | 電気加熱式触媒コンバーター | |
JP7105149B2 (ja) | 電気加熱型触媒用担体及び排ガス浄化装置 | |
JP2014155884A (ja) | 電気加熱型触媒 | |
JP5659836B2 (ja) | 触媒コンバータ装置及び触媒担体通電方法 | |
JP5633450B2 (ja) | 触媒コンバータ装置 | |
JP2012172580A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
JP2012096191A (ja) | ハニカム構造体及び電気加熱式触媒装置 | |
JP7389075B2 (ja) | 電気加熱式触媒装置 | |
JP2017129085A (ja) | 電気加熱式触媒 | |
JP2016037867A (ja) | 通電加熱式触媒装置 | |
JP2022052585A (ja) | 電気加熱式担体、排気ガス浄化装置及び電気加熱式担体の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20120723 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130730 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130930 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20131022 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20131108 |
|
R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 5411887 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |