WO2012133386A1 - 排水処理方法及び排水処理システム - Google Patents
排水処理方法及び排水処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133386A1 WO2012133386A1 PCT/JP2012/057889 JP2012057889W WO2012133386A1 WO 2012133386 A1 WO2012133386 A1 WO 2012133386A1 JP 2012057889 W JP2012057889 W JP 2012057889W WO 2012133386 A1 WO2012133386 A1 WO 2012133386A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
- C02F3/2893—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors with biogas recycling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
- B01D2311/2642—Aggregation, sedimentation, flocculation, precipitation or coagulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
- B01D2311/2688—Biological processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/10—Temperature conditions for biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1215—Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wastewater treatment method and a wastewater treatment system for biologically treating organic wastewater under anaerobic conditions.
- organic wastewater with a COD of 1000 mg / L or less such as sewage, domestic wastewater
- anaerobic treatment that is biologically treated under anaerobic conditions alone does not provide sufficient treated water quality.
- Biological treatment is generally performed.
- Patent Document 1 in order to reduce the load of aerobic treatment, SS contained in a large volume of inflowing sewage is first removed in a sedimentation basin, and then the supernatant is biologically treated in an aerobic treatment tank.
- a wastewater treatment method is disclosed.
- the SS that has been removed by precipitation in the first sedimentation basin is digested in the digestion tank, the solid content is removed by sedimentation or dehydration after the digestion treatment, and only the remaining liquid is returned to the first sedimentation basin. ing.
- the UASB method is suitable for the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater. Even if anaerobic treatment is performed on low-concentration organic wastewater such as sewage, the amount of methane gas required to heat the treatment tank Cannot be obtained. For this reason, a processing tank cannot be heated from an economical viewpoint, and the decomposability
- an efficient sludge treatment method has been attracting attention in which the sludge concentration is increased by heating the sludge in the anaerobic treatment step, and the sludge is filtered by a filtration mechanism to obtain treated water.
- methane gas generated in the anaerobic treatment process is used as a fuel for heating.
- Patent Document 1 If the solid content contained in the influent wastewater is removed in advance as in Patent Document 1, the occurrence of a situation in which the sludge to be treated in the anaerobic treatment process is mainly a soluble component and undecomposed matter adheres to the surface of the filter medium is avoided. become able to.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate wastewater treatment that does not require a special aerobic treatment but does not cause an increase in the size of the anaerobic treatment tank and does not cause a decrease in the performance of the filtration mechanism. It is in providing a method and a wastewater treatment system.
- the first characteristic configuration of the wastewater treatment method according to the present invention is the wastewater treatment for biologically treating organic wastewater under anaerobic conditions as described in claim 1 of the claims.
- the organic matter in the solid content concentrated by being separated from the organic waste water in the solid-liquid separation step is solubilized and digested by microorganisms.
- anaerobic treatment is performed in a state where the organic matter concentration is high, so that highly active microorganisms are grown in large quantities. Since such sludge is supplied to the first anaerobic treatment process by the sludge supply process, the first anaerobic treatment process is efficiently anaerobic by a large amount of activated microorganisms without heating the sludge. Sexual processing is performed.
- the above-described second anaerobic treatment step is markedly improved while sufficiently securing SRT.
- the processing can proceed in a small processing tank.
- the solid content is previously removed from the organic wastewater to be treated, so that undecomposed solid matter adheres to the filter medium such as the separation membrane constituting the filtration mechanism. Will not occur.
- the treated water filtered by the filtration mechanism can ensure good treated water quality, and can be discharged as it is into a river or the like without going through a special aerobic treatment process.
- the second characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the filtration mechanism used in the first anaerobic treatment step is a membrane separation device.
- the separation device can be suitably used as a filtration mechanism.
- the biogas generated in the anaerobic treatment is added to the sludge.
- Biogas such as methane gas generated by digestion treatment is diffused from below the membrane separator in the aeration process. Since the clogging substance adhering to the separation membrane surface of the filtration mechanism is peeled off by the upward flow generated in the sludge by the air diffusion, the filtration performance is maintained well.
- the fibers since fibers such as fibrous substances remaining without being decomposed in the second anaerobic treatment process are supplied to the first anaerobic treatment process, the fibers float according to the upward flow generated in the sludge due to aeration. By coming into contact with the active substance, the blocking substance attached to the membrane surface of the filtration mechanism can be easily peeled off.
- the second anaerobic treatment step is a heating process for heating sludge. The point is that it is done in a state.
- the second anaerobic treatment step is performed in a heated state in which sludge is heated. is there.
- the second anaerobic treatment step is generated in the second anaerobic treatment step, as described in claim 6. It is in the point which is performed in the heating state which heats sludge using biogas as fuel.
- the sludge retention time of the second anaerobic treatment step is the first feature configuration. It exists in the point set longer than the sludge residence time of an anaerobic treatment process.
- the sludge retention time in the second anaerobic treatment step is 15 to 30 days.
- the sludge residence time of the first anaerobic treatment step is set to less than 15 days.
- the first anaerobic treatment process that separates the liquid component with a low concentration and a large flow rate and the solid component with a high concentration and a small flow rate, and sets the sludge retention time in the first anaerobic treatment process short, and the second anaerobic property that treats the solid content.
- the biogas dissolved in the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism is aerated.
- a recovery step of recovering by processing or decompression processing is further included.
- biogas dissolved in the treated water By collecting biogas dissolved in the treated water, it can be effectively used as fuel, and the emission of methane gas, which is a greenhouse gas, can be suppressed.
- ammonia dissolved in the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism is converted into nitric acid.
- the method further includes a nitrification step, a denitrification step of denitrifying nitric acid produced in the nitrification step, and a solid-liquid separation step of separating sludge from treated water that has passed through the denitrification step.
- the first characteristic configuration of the wastewater treatment system according to the present invention is a wastewater treatment system for biologically treating organic wastewater under anaerobic conditions as described in claim 11, wherein the liquid waste and the solid content are separated from the organic wastewater.
- a first anaerobic treatment tank that anaerobically treats the liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separator, and obtains treated water that has passed through a filtration mechanism from sludge in the anaerobic treatment
- the second feature configuration is that, in addition to the first feature configuration described above, the filtration mechanism provided in the first anaerobic treatment tank is a membrane separation device.
- the third characteristic configuration is the membrane separation device, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, wherein the filtration mechanism is immersed in the sludge of the first anaerobic treatment tank. And an air diffuser that is disposed below the membrane separation device and diffuses biogas generated by anaerobic treatment.
- the filtration mechanism is selected from a mesh filter, a screen, a ceramic porous body, or a sponge porous body. And is a member that prevents permeation of particles having a particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the second anaerobic treatment tank is heated with sludge in the tank. It is in the point provided with the heating mechanism to do.
- ammonia dissolved in the treated water separated by the filtration mechanism is converted into nitric acid.
- a nitrification tank that performs denitrification of nitric acid generated in the nitrification tank, and a solid-liquid separation device that separates sludge from the treated water that has passed through the oxygen-free tank.
- a wastewater treatment method that does not require a special aerobic treatment, does not cause an increase in the size of the anaerobic treatment tank, and does not cause a decrease in the performance of the filtration mechanism.
- a wastewater treatment system can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a wastewater treatment system.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a wastewater treatment system according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of advanced processing.
- biomass used in the following description is defined as “combustible gas generated by fermentation or decay of organic matter”.
- the waste water treatment system 1 includes a solid-liquid separator 2, a filtration mechanism 3, a first anaerobic treatment tank 4, a second anaerobic treatment tank 5, and a sludge supply mechanism 6.
- the solid-liquid separator 2 is composed of a sedimentation basin that separates liquid and solid components from organic waste water.
- the organic wastewater from which large impurities have been removed in advance in a sand basin or the like gently flows to precipitate the solid organic matter in the organic wastewater.
- the supernatant liquid separated by the solid-liquid separator 2 is sent to the first anaerobic treatment tank 4.
- the solid-liquid separation device 2 executes a solid-liquid separation step of separating the liquid component and the solid organic matter from the organic waste water.
- the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 is a treatment tank that anaerobically treats the liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separator 2 and obtains treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism 3 from the sludge.
- the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 only the liquid component separated from the organic waste water in the solid-liquid separation process, that is, the soluble component, is digested by the microorganisms. For this reason, undecomposed solid content does not accumulate in the treatment tank, and the digestion process can be efficiently performed even if it is not a large treatment tank with a large capacity.
- the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 is executed in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 to anaerobically treat the liquid separated in the solid-liquid separation step and obtain treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism 3 from the sludge. .
- the filtration mechanism 3 is composed of a membrane separation device 7 and an air diffuser 8 and is immersed in the sludge of the first anaerobic treatment tank 4.
- the membrane separation device 7 is composed of a plurality of membrane elements provided with separation membranes on both the front and back surfaces, and a frame in which the membrane elements are accommodated in a state of being spaced apart from each other.
- a suction pipe provided for each membrane element is connected to a header pipe, and the header pipe is connected to a suction pump. By driving the suction pump, the treated water is suction filtered from the sludge in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 through each separation membrane.
- the air diffuser 8 is composed of an air diffuser installed below the membrane separator 7 and a blower B that supplies gas for the diffuser to the air diffuser. At least biogas such as methane gas generated by anaerobic treatment in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 is sucked by the blower B and supplied to the diffuser. That is, the air diffusion device 8 executes an air diffusion process in which the biogas generated by the anaerobic treatment is diffused from below the membrane separation device 7.
- the anaerobic sludge is refined in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4, it is supplied from the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 to the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 via a sludge supply mechanism 6 described later. Since a large amount of fibrous material is mixed in the sludge, the filtration mechanism 3 is properly cleaned by the fibrous material.
- the fibrous substance acts as a filter aid for the filtration mechanism 3
- the filtration mechanism is not blocked by the refined anaerobic sludge.
- organic wastewater such as sewage contains fibrous contaminants such as toilet paper, and the fiber content is undissolved and dispersed without being decomposed even in the second anaerobic treatment step. The state is supplied to the first anaerobic treatment step.
- the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is a treatment tank that anaerobically treats the solid content separated by the solid-liquid separator 2.
- the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 includes a heating mechanism 9 for heating the sludge in the tank.
- the heating mechanism 9 is composed of a known heat exchanger.
- the organic matter in the solid content concentrated by being separated from the organic waste water by the solid-liquid separator 2 is solubilized and digested by microorganisms. Since anaerobic treatment is performed in a state where the organic matter concentration is high, highly active microorganisms are grown in large quantities.
- the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 a large amount of combustible gas is generated due to the anaerobic treatment on the concentrated solid organic matter.
- the combustible gas as the fuel for the heating mechanism 9
- a good digestion process can be performed efficiently.
- microorganisms with high activity grow in large quantities.
- the biogas such as methane gas generated in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is collected by a gas holder or the like.
- the second anaerobic treatment step for anaerobically treating the solid organic matter separated in the solid-liquid separation step is performed in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5, and the second anaerobic treatment step is performed in a heated state. Executed.
- the sludge supply mechanism 6 includes a pump P that extracts the sludge treated in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 and a transport pipe that supplies the extracted sludge to the first anaerobic treatment tank 4.
- a large amount of highly active microorganisms grown in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 are supplied to the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 by the sludge supply mechanism 6. Therefore, in the first anaerobic treatment step, the anaerobic treatment is efficiently performed by a large amount of activated microorganisms without heating the sludge. That is, the sludge supply mechanism 6 executes the sludge supply process for supplying the sludge from the second anaerobic process to the first anaerobic process.
- first anaerobic treatment tank 4 liquid components mainly composed of soluble components may be treated in the organic waste water, and in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5, solid content concentrated in the organic waste water may be treated.
- first anaerobic treatment step and the second anaerobic treatment step have different treatment targets, and microorganisms suitable for the respective treatment targets are efficiently propagated, so that the anaerobic treatment can be performed efficiently.
- the microorganisms cultured in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 in the sludge supply process also contain many microorganisms useful in the first anaerobic treatment process, and the sludge containing such microorganisms is used as the seed sludge in the first anaerobic treatment. Since it is supplied to the process, even in the low water temperature period, the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 is efficiently digested by a large amount of activated microorganisms. That is, since only the sludge in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is heated and the sludge in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 does not need to be heated, the fuel necessary for the sludge heating process can be greatly reduced. it can.
- the sludge residence time in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is set to be longer than the sludge residence time in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4.
- the solid organic matter that has been concentrated and reduced in volume is subjected to anaerobic treatment. Therefore, even if a sufficiently long time is required for digestion, a large treatment tank is not required. Therefore, each of the first anaerobic treatment step and the second anaerobic treatment step can be set to an appropriate treatment time.
- the sludge residence time in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 is set to less than 15 days, and the sludge residence time in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is set to about 15 to 30 days, both are efficient. Anaerobic treatment is possible.
- the treated water filtered by the membrane separation device 7 can ensure good treated water quality, so that it can be directly applied to a river or the like without subjecting the filtered treated water to a special aerobic treatment. Can be released.
- the separation membrane of the membrane separation apparatus 7 is a structure which can achieve BOD of the treated water which passed 20 mg / L or less, for example, a microfiltration membrane and an ultrafiltration membrane can be illustrated. What is necessary is just to be able to prevent permeation of particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less through the separation membrane.
- Excess sludge generated in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is drawn out by a sludge pump (not shown) and supplied to the dewatering device 10, and after being dehydrated, processing such as incineration is performed. .
- the filtrate is discharged into a river or the like together with the treated water of the membrane separation device 7.
- An iron-based flocculant may be added to the sludge to be treated in the sedimentation tank 2 or the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 described above. If phosphorus components are mixed in the organic waste water flowing into the sedimentation basin 2 or the second anaerobic treatment tank 5, an iron-based flocculant is added to the sludge to be treated in the sedimentation basin 2 or the second anaerobic treatment tank 5. It is possible to agglomerate fine SS and phosphorus components in organic waste water. Thereby, the undecomposed solid organic substance and phosphorus component which flow into the 1st anaerobic processing tank 4 can be reduced, and the quality of the treated water filtered by the separation membrane of the membrane separator 7 is further improved. be able to.
- the anaerobic treatment tank 4 may be composed of an integral treatment tank 11.
- the partition wall 12 provided in the processing tank 11 is divided into a processing tank 11a that functions as a sedimentation tank and a processing tank 11b that functions as a first anaerobic processing tank.
- the sludge convection by the air diffuser 8 installed in the treatment tank 11b is blocked by the partition wall 12, and is configured so as not to affect the treatment tank 11a.
- the supernatant of the processing tank 11a overflows the partition wall 12 and flows into the processing tank 11b.
- the processing tank 11 is provided with a cover lid, and the inside of the processing tank 11 is maintained in an anaerobic atmosphere.
- an example in which only the solid content separated in the sedimentation basin 2 is anaerobically treated in the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is described.
- An organic substance may be introduced and these may be subjected to anaerobic treatment at the same time. If treated in this way, even if the organic wastewater flowing into the sedimentation basin 2 contains no undegradable fibrous material, the undegradable fibrous material contained in the garbage is first. It is supplied to the anaerobic treatment tank 4 and functions as a filter aid for cleaning the separation membrane.
- the filtration mechanism 3 is configured by the membrane separation device 7 including the separation membrane.
- the filtration mechanism 3 is a known mesh filter, a porous material such as a screen, ceramics, or sponge. It may be configured. It is preferable that the BOD of the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism 3 can achieve 20 mg / L or less, as long as the permeation of particles having a particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less can be prevented.
- the solid-liquid separation device 2 is configured by a sedimentation basin.
- a screen mechanism such as a bar screen or a centrifugal separation mechanism such as a cyclone. Good.
- the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism is discharged as it is to a river or the like.
- the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism is temporarily stored in an aeration tank and then gently aerated and the treated water is discharged.
- the biogas such as methane gas dissolved in the gas may be collected and then discharged into a river or the like.
- biogas such as methane gas generated in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 and the second anaerobic treatment tank 5 is supplied as fuel to the heating mechanism 9, and the heating mechanism 9 causes the second anaerobic treatment.
- biogas and a fossil fuel may be used together as a fuel, and only a fossil fuel may be used for a fuel.
- the wastewater treatment system according to the present invention does not conform to the discharge standard established in the area, the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism is advanced with an advanced treatment device so as to meet the discharge standard. It is also possible to discharge after purifying.
- the waste water treatment system 1 further includes a nitrification tank 12, an oxygen-free tank downstream of the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 in order to highly treat the treated water drained from the filtration mechanism 3 of the first anaerobic treatment tank 4.
- a tank 13 and a solid-liquid separator 14 are provided.
- An aeration device 15 is installed in the nitrification tank 12.
- Ammonia contained in the treated water flowing from the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 is nitrified by aeration to become nitric acid.
- the anaerobic tank 13 is supplied with sludge grown in the first anaerobic treatment tank 4.
- nitric acid in the treated water is denitrified.
- the supernatant liquid separated by the solid-liquid separation device 14 is discharged into a river or the like, and the sludge separated into solid and liquid is returned to the first anaerobic treatment tank 4 as return sludge.
- the treated water that has passed through the filtration mechanism 3 contains nitrogen and phosphorus, and has less contamination, so that it becomes water preferable as an algae growing environment. Therefore, as an advanced treatment step, denitrification and dephosphorization may be performed by photosynthesis using algae such as Euglena algae in the treated water.
- the wastewater treatment method and wastewater treatment system according to the present invention described above can be widely applied to sewage treatment plants, domestic wastewater treatment systems such as septic tanks, and industrial wastewater treatment systems such as food factories.
- Wastewater treatment system 2 Solid-liquid separation device 3: Filtration mechanism 4: First anaerobic treatment tank 5: Second anaerobic treatment tank 6: Sludge supply mechanism 7: Membrane separation device 8: Aeration device 9: Heating Mechanism 10: Dehydrator
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Abstract
Description
前記第二嫌気性処理工程で処理された汚泥を前記第一嫌気性処理工程に供給する汚泥供給工程と、を含む点にある。
前記無酸素槽を通過した処理水から汚泥を分離する固液分離装置と、をさらに備えている点にある。
第一嫌気性処理槽4では、固液分離工程で有機性排水から分離された液分、即ち溶解性成分のみが微生物により消化される。そのため、未分解の固形分が処理槽内で堆積することが無く、容量の大きな大型の処理槽でなくても効率的に消化処理できるようになる。
つまり、固液分離工程で分離された液分を嫌気性処理し、その汚泥から濾過機構3を通過した処理水を得る第一嫌気性処理工程が、第一嫌気性処理槽4で実行される。
各膜エレメントに備えた吸引管がヘッダー管に接続され、ヘッダー管が吸引ポンプに接続されている。吸引ポンプを駆動することにより各分離膜を介して第一嫌気性処理槽4内の汚泥から処理水が吸引濾過される。
第一嫌気性処理槽4に流入する有機性排水から、予め固形性有機物が除去されているので、そのような固形性有機物が濾過機構3に多量に付着して濾過性能が低下することもない。
第二嫌気性処理槽5では、固液分離装置2で有機性排水から分離されることによって濃縮された固形分中の有機物が、微生物により可溶化され、消化される。有機物濃度が高い状態で嫌気性処理が行なわれるため、活性の高い微生物が大量に増殖される。
つまり、第二嫌気性処理工程の汚泥を第一嫌気性処理工程に供給する汚泥供給工程が、汚泥供給機構6で実行される。
つまり、第二嫌気性処理槽5の汚泥のみ加温し、第一嫌気性処理槽4内の汚泥を加温する必要がないので、汚泥の加温処理に必要な燃料も大きく低減させることができる。
第二嫌気性処理槽槽5では、濃縮されて減容化された固形性有機物を嫌気性処理するため、消化に十分に長い時間を要しても大型の処理槽は不要である。
そのため、第一嫌気性処理工程及び第二嫌気性処理工程のそれぞれを適切な処理時間に設定することができるようになる。例えば、第一嫌気性処理槽4での汚泥滞留時間を15日未満に設定し、第二嫌気性処理槽5での汚泥滞留時間を15日から30日程度に設定すると、何れも効率的に嫌気性処理できるようになる。
尚、膜分離装置7の分離膜は、通過した処理水のBODが20mg/L以下を達成できるような構成であることが好ましく、例えば、精密濾過膜や限外濾過膜が例示できる。粒径が1μm以下の粒子の分離膜の透過を阻止できればよい。
第一嫌気性処理槽4と第二嫌気性処理槽5で生じる余剰汚泥は、汚泥ポンプ(図示せず)により引き抜かれて脱水装置10へ供給され、脱水された後に焼却等の処理が行なわれる。ろ液は、膜分離装置7の処理水とともに河川等へ放流される。
これにより、第一嫌気性処理槽4に流入する未分解の固形性有機物やリン成分を低減させることができ、膜分離装置7の分離膜により濾過される処理水の処理水質を、さらに向上させることができる。
処理槽11に備えた仕切壁12によって、沈殿池として機能する処理槽11aと、第一嫌気性処理槽として機能する処理槽11bとに区画されている。処理槽11bに設置された散気装置8による汚泥の対流が、仕切壁12によって遮断され、処理槽11aに影響しないように構成されている。
また、処理槽11aの上澄液が仕切壁12をオーバーフローして処理槽11bへ流入するように構成されている。尚、この構成では、処理槽11に覆い蓋が設けられ、処理槽11内が嫌気性雰囲気に維持される。
このように処理すれば、沈殿池2に流入する有機性排水に未分解性の繊維性物質が含まれていない場合であっても、生ゴミに含まれる未分解性の繊維性物質が第一嫌気性処理槽4へ供給され、分離膜をクリーニングする濾過助剤として機能する。
排水処理システム1は、第一嫌気性処理槽4の濾過機構3から排水される処理水を高度処理するために、第一嫌気性処理槽4の下流側に、さらに、硝化槽12、無酸素槽13、及び固液分離装置14を備えている。
硝化槽12には曝気装置15が設置されている。第一嫌気性処理槽4から流入した処理水に含まれるアンモニアが曝気により硝化されて硝酸になる。
無酸素槽13には第一嫌気性処理槽4で増殖した汚泥が供給されている。無酸素状態に維持された当該汚泥によって、硝化槽12から無酸素槽13へ供給された処理水に含まれるリンが取り込まれる際に、処理水中の硝酸が脱窒される。
固液分離装置14で固液分離された上澄液は河川等へ放流され、固液分離された汚泥は返送汚泥として第一嫌気性処理槽4へ返送される。
2:固液分離装置
3:濾過機構
4:第一嫌気性処理槽
5:第二嫌気性処理槽
6:汚泥供給機構
7:膜分離装置
8:散気装置
9:加温機構
10:脱水装置
Claims (16)
- 有機性排水を嫌気性条件下で生物処理する排水処理方法であって、
有機性排水から液分と固形分を分離する固液分離工程と、
前記固液分離工程で分離された液分を嫌気性処理し、前記嫌気性処理における汚泥から濾過機構を通過した処理水を得る第一嫌気性処理工程と、
前記固液分離工程で分離された固形分を嫌気性処理する第二嫌気性処理工程と、
前記第二嫌気性処理工程で処理された汚泥を前記第一嫌気性処理工程に供給する汚泥供給工程と、
を含む排水処理方法。 - 前記第一嫌気性処理工程で用いられる濾過機構は膜分離装置である請求項1記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記第一嫌気性処理工程には、嫌気性処理で生成されたバイオガスを、汚泥中に浸漬配置されている前記膜分離装置の下方から散気する散気工程が含まれる請求項2記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記第二嫌気性処理工程は、汚泥を加温する加温状態で行なわれる請求項1記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記第二嫌気性処理工程は、汚泥を加温する加温状態で行なわれる請求項3記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記第二嫌気性処理工程は、前記第二嫌気性処理工程で発生するバイオガスを燃料に用いて汚泥を加温する加温状態で行なわれる請求項4または5記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記第二嫌気性処理工程の汚泥滞留時間が、前記第一嫌気性処理工程の汚泥滞留時間よりも長い時間に設定されている請求項1から5の何れかに記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記第二嫌気性処理工程の汚泥滞留時間が15~30日に設定され、前記第一嫌気性処理工程の汚泥滞留時間が15日未満に設定されている請求項1から5の何れかに記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記濾過機構を通過した処理水に溶存するバイオガスを、曝気処理または減圧処理によって回収する回収工程がさらに含まれる請求項1から5の何れかに記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記濾過機構を通過した処理水に溶存するアンモニアを硝酸にする硝化工程と、
前記硝化工程で生成された硝酸を脱窒する脱窒工程と、
前記脱窒工程を通過した処理水から汚泥を分離する固液分離工程と、
がさらに含まれる請求項1から5の何れかに記載の排水処理方法。 - 有機性排水を嫌気性条件下で生物処理する排水処理システムであって、
有機性排水から液分と固形分を分離する固液分離装置と、
前記固液分離装置で分離された液分を嫌気性処理し、前記嫌気性処理における汚泥から濾過機構を通過した処理水を得る第一嫌気性処理槽と、
前記固液分離装置で分離された固形分を嫌気性処理する第二嫌気性処理槽と、
前記第二嫌気性処理槽における汚泥を前記第一嫌気性処理槽に供給する汚泥供給機構と、
を備えている排水処理システム。 - 前記第一嫌気性処理槽に備えた濾過機構は膜分離装置である請求項11記載の排水処理システム。
- 前記濾過機構は、
前記第一嫌気性処理槽の汚泥中に浸漬配置された膜分離装置と、
前記膜分離装置の下方に配置され、嫌気性処理で生成されたバイオガスを散気する散気装置と、
を含む請求項11記載の排水処理システム。 - 前記濾過機構は、メッシュフィルタ、スクリーン、セラミックス多孔体、またはスポンジ多孔体の何れかから選択され、粒径1μm以下の粒子の透過を阻止する部材である請求項11記載の排水処理システム。
- 前記第二嫌気性処理槽に、槽内の汚泥を加温する加温機構を備えている請求項11から14の何れかに記載の排水処理システム。
- 前記濾過機構で分離された処理水中に溶存するアンモニアを硝酸にする硝化槽と、
前記硝化槽で生成された硝酸を脱窒する無酸素槽と、
前記無酸素槽を通過した処理水から汚泥を分離する固液分離装置と、
をさらに備えている請求項11から14の何れかに記載の排水処理システム。
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JP2014213320A (ja) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-17 | 株式会社明電舎 | 1,4‐ジオキサン含有廃水の処理方法及びその処理装置 |
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