WO2012126147A1 - 一种纯化头孢美唑钠的方法 - Google Patents

一种纯化头孢美唑钠的方法 Download PDF

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WO2012126147A1
WO2012126147A1 PCT/CN2011/000659 CN2011000659W WO2012126147A1 WO 2012126147 A1 WO2012126147 A1 WO 2012126147A1 CN 2011000659 W CN2011000659 W CN 2011000659W WO 2012126147 A1 WO2012126147 A1 WO 2012126147A1
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cefmetazole sodium
cefmetazole
sodium
water
purifying
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PCT/CN2011/000659
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陶灵刚
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海南灵康制药有限公司
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Priority to US13/997,613 priority Critical patent/US8853389B2/en
Publication of WO2012126147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012126147A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D501/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
    • C07D501/02Preparation
    • C07D501/12Separation; Purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B63/00Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel method for purifying cefmetazole sodium, which belongs to the field of medical technology. Background technique
  • Cefmetazole Sodium chemical name: (6R , 7S)-3_ ⁇ [(1 -indolyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfo]methyl ⁇ - 7- [2- (sulfur Cyanomethyl)acetamidob 7-methoxy-S-oxo-5-thia- 1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-indole-2-carboxylic acid sodium salt, molecular formula: C 15 H 16 N 7 Na0 5 S 3 . Molecular weight: 493.52. According to the anhydrate, the cefmetazole-containing content should not be less than 86.0%. Its structural formula is as follows:
  • Cefmetazole sodium is a second-generation cephalosporin with good stability against the polyglycan ⁇ -lactamase produced by the negative bacilli, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Shamen Negative bacilli such as genus have good sensitivity to this product.
  • Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, and catarrhalis are highly sensitive to this product, and have good antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis.
  • Bacillus, Pseudomonas, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcal, meningococcus are not sensitive or resistant to this product.
  • Cifmetazole sodium which comprises 7 ⁇ -amino-7 ⁇ -decyloxy-3-(1-indolyl-1 ⁇ -tetrazole-5-thiomethyl)-3-
  • cephem-4-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and sodium cyanomethylthioacetate are mixed and reacted in the presence of p-sulfonyl chloride to form cefmetazole, and sodium hydroxide is added to obtain cefmetazole sodium.
  • the yield of the spititan hydrochloride prepared by the method is not high and the purity is not high.
  • Chinese patent CN101787039A reports a method for purifying and purifying cefmetazole sodium. Although the method can improve the purity of cefmetazole sodium, it is difficult to separate the intrinsic impurities in the drug substance by the method of acid adjustment and alkali adjustment, and the new negative ion impurity is also brought in the process of adjusting the pH value, thereby increasing the difficulty of separation. .
  • the present invention provides a method of refining a cefmetazole sodium compound.
  • the cefmetazole sodium targeted by the purification method provided by the present invention is a crude cefmetazole sodium prepared by a currently known synthesis method or a commercially available or imported cefmetazole sodium raw material drug, which is collectively referred to as the present invention.
  • the raw material of cefmetazole sodium is a crude cefmetazole sodium prepared by a currently known synthesis method or a commercially available or imported cefmetazole sodium raw material drug, which is collectively referred to as the present invention.
  • the raw material of cefmetazole sodium is a crude cefmetazole sodium prepared by a currently known synthesis method or a commercially available or imported cefmetazole sodium raw material drug, which is collectively referred to as the present invention.
  • Step 1) dissolving the raw material cefmetazole sodium in water, adding an organic solvent immiscible with water, preferably ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, or ethyl acetate and cyclohexane a compound, extracting, and then separating the organic phase containing impurities to obtain a primary purified aqueous phase containing cefmetazole sodium;
  • an organic solvent immiscible with water preferably ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, or ethyl acetate and cyclohexane a compound
  • Step 2 adding an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal alkoxide to the above aqueous phase for treatment, optionally heating during the treatment, and then cooling, filtering the precipitate to be filtered, and the obtained filtrate is a secondary purified product.
  • Step 3 a poor solvent of cefmetazole sodium is added to the aqueous solution, preferably ethanol or acetone, and the temperature is controlled to recrystallize, and the precipitated crystals are washed by centrifugation and dried to obtain a third-stage purified cefmetazole sodium.
  • the invention is specifically described below.
  • step 1
  • the raw material cefmetazole sodium is dissolved in water, and an organic solvent or a solvent mixture which is immiscible with water is added for extraction, and then the organic phase is separated to obtain an aqueous solution containing cefmetazole sodium.
  • the organic solvent is preferably ethyl acetate, cyclohexane or a mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane, and more preferably ethyl acetate.
  • the organic solvent is preferably used in an amount of less than half by weight of the aqueous solution, more preferably less than one third of the aqueous solution.
  • Multiple extractions can be carried out, preferably 2 to 3 extractions.
  • stirring is preferably carried out.
  • the organic phase containing impurities is then removed by liquid separation.
  • the reason for the extraction is based on the following reasons:
  • the raw material cefmetazole sodium also contains the solvent introduced during the preparation process, various raw materials and intermediates, moisture brought in by the wettability, bacterial endotoxin, and Various inorganic substances and heavy metals. These materials exist as impurities, which affect the purity of the raw material cefmetazole sodium. These substances are very low in content but are still soluble in trace or trace amounts in an aqueous solution of cefmetazole sodium. We have noticed that some of these impurity substances are in organic solvents. The solubility is more likely, and the extraction method is a more common and effective separation method.
  • the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide is added to the above aqueous phase for treatment, and optionally heated during the treatment, and then the temperature is lowered, and the precipitated precipitate is filtered off, and the obtained filtrate is an aqueous solution containing cefmetazole sodium.
  • any alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide i.e., an alcoholate
  • an alkali metal alkoxide preferably an alkali metal alkoxide, more preferably a sodium or potassium alkoxide, such as sodium alkoxide, sodium ethoxide, a sterol clock or an ethanol hour.
  • the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide is generally first dissolved in water or an alcohol solvent, preferably dissolved in water, or dissolved in the same solvent as the anion portion thereof, such as sodium decoxide or potassium decoxide dissolved in methanol, sodium ethoxide Or potassium ethoxide is dissolved in ethanol.
  • cefmetazole sodium with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide can be carried out in the range of from 30 to 100 ° C, preferably in the range of from 40 to 8 CTC. For sufficient hydrolysis, it is more preferably carried out in the range of 50-7 CTC.
  • the treatment time is usually from several minutes to several hours, preferably from 30 minutes to 5 hours, more preferably from 1 hour to 3 hours, and most preferably 2 hours.
  • step 2) of the present invention can be carried out by treatment with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide for the following reasons: Many of the methods for obtaining cefmetazole sodium are the last step of removing the carboxyl group.
  • the protecting group, and then the carboxyl group to form a sodium salt, such as the ester group is a common protecting group for the carboxyl group, which will inevitably lead to the presence of a small amount of ester impurities in the crude cefmetazole sodium.
  • a basic substance such as an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal alkoxide
  • it contributes to the hydrolysis of residual ester substances to cefmetazole sodium, which not only effectively reduces impurities, but also advantageously increases the yield of the target product.
  • some impurity substances can also When the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide is dissolved in a solution, especially when an alcohol or a base material is used as a solvent to dissolve the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide, the separation of the impurity substance from cefmetazole sodium is achieved.
  • cefmetazole sodium preferably ethanol or acetone, and the temperature is controlled to recrystallize.
  • the precipitated crystals are washed by centrifugation and dried to obtain a third-stage purified cefmetazole sodium.
  • cefmetazole sodium it is recrystallized by reflux in a usual solvent or suspended in a solvent under reflux, or it is difficult to crystallize, or impurities are trapped in the precipitate. Direct treatment of crude cefmetazole sodium by benign-poor solvent precipitation did not achieve the desired purity.
  • Cefmetazole sodium has a high solubility in water and a low solubility in ethanol, and has a lower solubility in acetone. Therefore, a mixture of water and ethanol or a mixture of water and acetone is used as a solvent to recrystallize cefmetazole sodium. .
  • the aqueous solution of cefmetazole sodium obtained in step 2) is concentrated at an elevated temperature, such as 30-80 ° C, to reduce the water content, and then according to the volume ratio of water to ethanol 4: 6 Acetone was added by adding ethanol or in a ratio of water to acetone of 5:5 by volume. Slowly cool down to room temperature -5 °C, during which time crystals slowly precipitate. Cefmetazole sodium seed crystals are optionally added during the cooling process. After standing for 5 to 48 hours, the crystals are completely solid, and then dried, and air-dried or dried.
  • FIG. 1 is a 1 H NMR spectrum of cefmetazole sodium prepared in the examples. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a method for purifying cefmetazole sodium, which comprises the steps of:
  • Step 1) dissolving the raw material cefmetazole sodium in water, adding ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, or a mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane, and performing multiple extractions, preferably less than the amount of organic solvent per volume.
  • the organic phase is then separated to obtain an aqueous phase containing cefmetazole sodium;
  • Step 2 adding an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxide to the above aqueous phase for treatment, the treatment is carried out under heating, preferably at a temperature of 30-100 ° C, and the treatment time is several minutes to several hours, preferably 30 minutes. After 5 hours, then cooling, the precipitated precipitate is filtered off to obtain an aqueous filtrate;
  • Step 3 concentrating the aqueous solution of cefmetazole sodium obtained in step 2) at an elevated temperature, such as 30-8 CTC, and then adding ethanol according to a volume ratio of water to ethanol of 4:6 or a volume ratio of water to acetone of 5
  • the ratio of 5 was recrystallized by adding acetone, and the temperature was gradually lowered until it was between room temperature and 5 ° C.
  • the precipitated crystals were washed by centrifugation and dried to obtain a third-stage purified cefmetazole sodium.
  • the organic solvent is ethyl acetate.
  • step 1) the amount of the organic solvent per extraction is less than one third of the aqueous solution per extraction, and the number of extractions is from 2 to 3 times.
  • the processing temperature is 40-80 ° C, more preferably 50-70 ° C.
  • the treatment time is from 1 hour to 3 hours, preferably 2 hours.
  • step 3 in the case of recrystallization by adding ethanol to a volume ratio of water and ethanol of 4:6, the crystal is finally washed with ethanol, and is added in a ratio of water to acetone of 5:5. In the case of recrystallization of acetone, the crystals were finally washed with acetone.
  • step 3 the solvent is added and then cooled to room temperature -5 ° C, and the cefmetazole sodium seed crystal is optionally introduced during the cooling process.
  • step 3 after standing for 5 to 48 hours, the crystallization is complete.
  • the crystallization is dried by air drying or vacuum drying.
  • the cefmetazole sodium refined product obtained by the above embodiment is determined according to high performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000 edition two appendix VD), and the cefmetazole content is not less than 94%, most of which is not less than 94.5 %, color It is white.
  • cefmetazole sodium purified according to the method of the present invention is completely suitable for the treatment of respiratory infections, biliary infections, urinary tract infections, gynecological bacterial infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and post-operative infection prevention.
  • An antibacterial pharmaceutical composition comprising cefmetazole sodium purified according to the method of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be a frozen powder injection or an injection preparation.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of a medicament for treating a respiratory infection caused by a susceptible bacterium, a biliary tract infection, a urinary tract infection, a gynecological bacterial infection, a skin soft tissue infection, and an infection prevention after surgery.
  • the invention fundamentally changes the purity of the raw material of cefmetazole sodium at home and abroad.
  • the current situation has solved the problems faced by crude cefmetazole sodium and cefmetazole sodium bulk drugs, and improved a series of clinical adverse reactions caused by insoluble particulates or polymer impurities.
  • the process of the invention is also characterized by simplicity, ease of control, and industrial production.
  • the obtained aqueous solution of cefmetazole sodium was raised to 70 ° C to concentrate, concentrated to a volume of 120 m 1 , and then ethanol was added to the aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 4:6, and the temperature was slowly lowered to 15 °. C, recrystallization, precipitation of crystals, leaving for 10 hours until no more crystals are precipitated, centrifuged, filtered, and the filter cake is washed with analytically pure ethanol, air-dried to obtain white cefmetazole sodium 9.6 g, yield 96% .
  • the NMR spectrum of purified cefmetazole sodium prepared according to the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • Example 2 The crude cefmetazole sodium used in Example 1 was purified according to the purification method described in Chinese Patent No. CN101787039A, and the content of cefmetazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography to be 87%.
  • Example 2 The crude cefmetazole sodium used in Example 1 was purified according to the purification method described in Chinese Patent No. CN101787039A, and the content of cefmetazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography to be 87%.
  • Example 2 The crude cefmetazole sodium used in Example 1 was purified according to the purification method described in Chinese Patent No. CN101787039A, and the content of cefmetazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography to be 87%.
  • cefmetazole sodium bulk drug (Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Pharmaceutical Factory, batch number 20100601), and the content of cefmetazole is 89% by high performance liquid chromatography. Dissolve the crude cefmetazole sodium in 150 ml of water, add cyclohexane in a volume of 35% by volume of the aqueous solution, extract 3 times each time, use the solvent once, stir well, and then The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase containing cefmetazole sodium was obtained.
  • cefmetazole sodium solution was raised to 65 ° C for concentration, concentrated to a solution volume of 100 ml, and then ethanol was added to the solution at a volume ratio of 4:6, and the temperature was slowly lowered to 10 ° C. Recrystallization was carried out, crystals were precipitated, and allowed to stand for 15 hours until no crystals were precipitated.
  • the centrifuge was centrifuged, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with analytically pure ethanol, and air-dried to obtain white cefmetazole sodium 9.7 g, yield 97%.
  • cefmetazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography to be 95.1%.
  • the solution was added with water to prepare a solution containing about 0.1 g per l ml, and the solution was clear and colorless.
  • cefmetazole sodium raw material (Chongqing Yaoyou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number 20060303) with a long production date, and the content of cefmetazole is 84% by HPLC.
  • the crude cefmetazole sodium was dissolved in 250 ml of water, and a mixed solvent of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate of 1:1 in a volume of 30% of the aqueous solution was added each time, and the mixture was extracted three times, stirred well, and then allowed to stand. The organic phase was separated to obtain an aqueous phase containing cefmetazole sodium.
  • cefmetazole sodium solution was raised to 75 ° C, concentrated, concentrated to a volume of 180 ml, and then acetone was added to the solution in a volume ratio of 5:5, and the temperature was slowly lowered to 12 ° C. The crystals were recrystallized, precipitated, and allowed to stand for 12 hours until no more crystals were precipitated. The centrifuge was centrifuged, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with acetone and dried under vacuum to give white cefmetazole sodium 9.5 g, yield 95%. The content of cefmetazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography to be 94.6%. The solution was added with water to prepare a solution containing about 0.1 g per l ml, and the solution was clear and colorless.
  • cefmetazole sodium Take 10 g of expired cefmetazole sodium bulk drug, and the content of cefmetazole is 79% by HPLC.
  • the crude cefmetazole sodium was dissolved in 300 ml of water, and a solvent mixture of 25% by volume of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate 2:3 in a volume of the aqueous solution was added each time, and extracted 4 times, each time after thorough stirring. , standing, and then separating the organic phase to obtain an aqueous phase containing cefmetazole sodium.
  • cefmetazole sodium solution was raised to 80 ° C to concentrate, concentrated to a volume of 200 ml, and then acetone was added to the solution in a volume ratio of 5:5, and the temperature was slowly lowered to 8 ° C.
  • the crystals were recrystallized, precipitated for 9 hours until no crystals were precipitated, centrifuged, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with acetone and dried under vacuum to give white cefmetazole sodium 9.55 g, yield 9.95 %.
  • cefmetazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography to be 94.4%.
  • the solution was added with water to prepare a solution containing about 0.1 g per l ml, and the solution was clear and colorless.

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Description

一种纯化头孢美唑钠的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种纯化头孢美唑钠的新方法, 属于医药技术 领域。 背景技术
头孢美唑钠 ( Cefmetazole Sodium ), 化学名称为: (6R , 7S)-3_{[(1 -曱基 - 1H-四唑 -5-基)硫]甲基 }- 7- [2- (硫代氰甲基)乙 酰氨基卜7-甲氧基 -S-氧代 -5-硫杂 - 1-氮杂双环 [4.2.0]辛 -2-浠 -2- 甲酸钠盐, 分子式: C15H16N7Na05S3。 分子量: 493.52。 按 无水物计算, 含头孢美唑不得少于 86.0%。 其结构式如下:
Figure imgf000002_0001
头孢美唑钠为第二代头孢菌素,对阴性杆菌产生的广语 β - 内酰胺酶有较好的稳定性, 大肠杆菌、 克雷伯肺炎杆菌、 奇异 变形杆菌、 志贺菌属、 沙门菌属等阴性杆菌对本品有较好的敏 感性, 金葡菌、 Α组溶血性链球菌、 卡他布拉汉菌对本品高度 敏感, 对脆弱拟杆菌有较好的抗菌活性, 肠杆菌属、 假单胞菌 属、 耐甲氧西林金葡菌、 肺炎球菌、 脑膜炎球菌对本品不敏感 或耐药。 临床上用于敏感菌引起的呼吸系统感染、 胆道感染、 泌尿系感染、 妇产科细菌感染、 皮肤软组织感染及手术后预防 感染等。 国内外众多专利和期刊报道了头孢美唑钠的制备方法和精 制方法。
中国专利 CN101550151A公开了一种头孢美唑钠的制备 方法, 包括 7 β -氨基 -7 α -曱氧基 -3-(1-曱基 - 1Η-四唑 -5-硫甲 基) -3-头孢烯 -4-羧酸苄酯和氰甲基硫乙酸钠在对曱苯磺酰氯存 在下混合反应, 生成头孢美唑, 加入氢氧化钠, 制得头孢美唑 钠。 但该方法制备的孢替安盐酸盐的收率不高, 纯度不高。
中国专利 CN101787039A报道了一种头孢美唑钠的精制 纯化方法。 该方法虽然能够提高头孢美唑钠纯度, 但单纯通过 酸调和碱调的方式难以分离原料药中的固有杂质, 而且调节 pH 值过程中也会带来新的负性离子杂质, 增大分离难度。
目前, 头孢美唑钠国内各制剂生产厂家主要是依靠进口原 料药进行分装制得, 中国也有厂家生产本品, 但收率和产品纯 度都较低。 因此, 如何提高头孢美唑钠的纯度是目前亟待解决 的问题, 具有重大的社会效益和经济效益。 发明内容
了克服上述现有技术的缺陷, 特别是克服现有技术制备的 头孢美唑钠纯度低的缺陷, 本发明提供了一种精制头孢美唑钠 化合物的方法。
本发明提供的精制方法所针对的头孢美唑钠是目前已知的 合成方法所制得的头孢美唑钠粗品或者市售的或者进口的头孢 美唑钠原料药, 以下统称为本发明釆用的原料头孢美唑钠。
本发明人经过锐意研究发现, 通过包括如下处理步骤的精 制方法, 能够大幅度提高原料头孢美唑钠的纯度:
步骤 1 ), 将原料头孢美唑钠溶于水中, 加入与水不互溶的 有机溶剂, 优选为乙酸乙酯、 环己烷、 或乙酸乙酯和环己烷混 合物, 进行萃取, 然后分离掉含有杂质的有机相, 获得初级提 纯的含有头孢美唑钠的水相;
步骤 2 ), 向上述水相中加入碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物进 行处理, 在处理过程中任选进行加热, 然后降温, 将析出的沉 淀过滤掉, 获得的滤液即为二级提纯的含有头孢美唑钠的水溶 液 ^
步骤 3 ), 向该水溶液中加入头孢美唑钠的不良溶剂, 优选 为乙醇或丙酮, 并控制温度进行重结晶, 将析出的晶体离心洗 涤, 干燥, 获得三级提纯的头孢美唑钠。 以下具体描述本发明。
步骤 1 )
将原料头孢美唑钠溶于水中, 加入与水不互溶的有机溶剂 或溶剂混合物进行萃取, 然后分离掉有机相, 获得含有头孢美 唑钠的水溶液。
所述有机溶剂优选为乙酸乙酯、 环己烷或者乙酸乙酯和环 己烷形成的混合物, 更优选使用乙酸乙酯。
按体积计, 有机溶剂的用量优选少于水溶液的一半, 更优 选少于水溶液的三分之一。 可以进行多次萃取, 优选进行 2至 3 次萃取。 为了充分萃取, 优选进行搅拌。 然后通过分液除去含 有杂质的有机相。
之所以采用萃取, 是基于以下原因: 一般情况下, 原料头 孢美唑钠中还含有制备过程中引入的溶剂、 各种原料和中间产 物、 由于引湿性而带入的水分、 细菌内毒素, 以及各种无机物 和重金属等。 这些物质以杂质形式存在, 影响原料头孢美唑钠 的纯度。 这些物质含量很低, 但仍然以微量或痕量溶于头孢美 唑钠水溶液中。 我们注意到, 这些杂质性物质有的在有机溶剂 中的溶解性可能性更大, 而萃取法是比较常见而效果很好的分 离方法。
步骤 2 )
向上述水相中加入碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物进行处理, 在处理过程中任选进行加热, 然后降温, 将析出的沉淀过滤掉, 获得的滤液即为含有头孢美唑钠的水溶液。
原则上可以使用任何碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物 (即醇化 物), 优选碱金属烷氧化物, 更优选钠或鉀的烷氧化物, 例如甲 醇钠、 乙醇钠、 曱醇钟或乙醇钟。
碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物一般首先溶于水或醇类溶剂 中, 优选溶于水中, 或者溶于与其阴离子部分相同的溶剂中, 例如曱醇钠或曱醇鉀溶于甲醇中,乙醇钠或乙醇钾溶于乙醇中。
碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物对头孢美唑钠的处理可以在 30- 100 °C范围内, 优选在 40-8CTC范围内进行。 为了充分水解, 更优选在 50-7CTC范围内进行。
该处理的时间一般为数分钟至数小时, 优选为 30分钟至 5 小时, 更优选为 1小时至 3小时, 最优选为 2小时。
经上述处理后, 会有少量沉淀析出, 随着温度降低, 析出 的沉淀量有所增加。
不受任何原理的束縛, 本发明步骤 2 ) 采用碱金属或碱土 金属烷氧化物进行处理之所以能够达到提纯的效果, 是基于以 下原因: 很多获得头孢美唑钠的方法最后一步是脱除羧基的保 护基, 然后再使羧基形成钠盐, 诸如酯基是羧基常见的保护基, 这样势必导致头孢美唑钠粗品中存在少量酯类杂质。 在碱金属 或碱土金属烷氧化物这样的碱性物质存在下, 有助于残留的酯 类物质水解成头孢美唑钠, 这样不但有效减少了杂质, 而且也 有利地增加了 目标产品的产率。 另外, 一些杂质性物质也能够 溶于碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物所在的溶液中, 特别是采用醇 类物质作为溶剂溶解碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物时, 从而实现 了这部分杂质性物质与头孢美唑钠的分离。
步骤 3 )
向该水溶液中加入头孢美唑钠的不良溶剂, 优选为乙醇或 丙酮, 并控制温度进行重结晶, 将析出的晶体离心洗涤, 干燥, 获得三级提纯的头孢美唑钠。
我们研究发现, 对于头孢美唑钠, 采用常用的溶剂中回流 重结晶或悬浮于溶剂中回流搅拌的方法, 或者难于结晶, 或者 析出物中包夹有杂质。而直接用良性 -不良溶剂析出法处理头孢 美唑钠粗品也不能达到预期的纯度。
头孢美唑钠在水中的溶解度很大而在乙醇中溶解度很小, 在丙酮中的溶解度更小, 因此选择水与乙醇的混合物或者水与 丙酮的混合物作为溶剂, 对头孢美唑钠进行重结晶。
令人惊讶地, 经过本发明上述步骤 1 ) 和 2 ) 处理之后, 用 钠进行重结晶时, 获得纯度极高的晶体。 其原因可能是本发明 步骤 1 ) 和 2 ) 已经去除了对重结晶有不利影响的杂质性物质, 而且经碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物处理过的头孢美唑钠产物更 适合于从这种混合溶剂中重结晶析出。
进行重结晶时,先在升高的温度下,如 30-80 °C下将步骤 2 ) 获得的头孢美唑钠水溶液进行浓缩, 从而使含水量降低, 然后 按照水和乙醇体积比 4: 6加入乙醇或者按照水和丙酮体积比 5: 5的比例加入丙酮。 慢慢降温, 直至室温 -5 °C之间, 在此过程中 有晶体慢慢析出。 在降温过程中任选投入头孢美唑钠晶种。 经 放置 5-48小时后, 结晶完全, 然后进行干燥, 可以采用空气晾 干或烘干。 附图说明
图 1为实施例制得的头孢美唑钠的1 H NMR图谱。 具体实施方式
本发明提供一种头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特征在于包括 如下步骤:
步骤 1 ), 将原料头孢美唑钠溶于水中, 加入乙酸乙酯、 环 己烷、 或乙酸乙酯和环己烷混合物, 进行多次萃取, 按体积计, 每次有机溶剂的用量优选少于水溶液的一半, 然后分离掉有机 相, 获得含有头孢美唑钠的水相;
步骤 2 ), 向上述水相中加入碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物进 行处理, 该处理在加热下进行, 优选温度为 30- 100 °C , 处理的 时间为数分钟至数小时, 优选为 30分钟至 5小时, 然后降温, 将析出的沉淀过滤掉, 获得含水滤液;
步骤 3 ), 在升高的温度下, 如 30-8CTC下将步骤 2 ) 获得的 头孢美唑钠水溶液进行浓缩, 然后按照水和乙醇体积比 4: 6加 入乙醇或者按照水和丙酮体积比 5: 5的比例加入丙酮进行重结 晶, 慢慢降温, 直至室温 -5 °C之间, 将析出的晶体离心洗涤, 干燥, 获得三级提纯的头孢美唑钠。
在本发明一种实施方案中, 步骤 1 ) 中, 所述有机溶剂为 乙酸乙酯。
在本发明一种实施方案中, 步骤 1 ) 中, 按体积计, 每次 萃取时有机溶剂的用量少于水溶液的三分之一, 萃取次数为 2 至 3次。
在本发明一种实施方案中, 步骤 2 ) 中, 所述处理温度为 40-80 °C, 更优选为 50-70 °C。 处理时间为 1小时至 3小时, 优选 为 2小时。
在本发明一种实施方案中, 步骤 3 ) 中, 按照水和乙醇体 积比 4: 6加入乙醇进行重结晶情况下, 最后用乙醇来洗涤晶体, 按照水和丙酮体积比 5: 5的比例加入丙酮进行重结晶情况下, 最后用丙酮来洗涤晶体。
在本发明一种实施方案中, 步骤 3 ) 中, 加入溶剂后降温 至室温 -5 °C之间, 在降温过程中任选投入头孢美唑钠晶种。
在本发明一种实施方案中, 步骤 3 ) 中, 经放置 5-48小时 后, 结晶完全。 对结晶采用晾干方式或真空烘干方式进行干燥。
上述实施方案所得的头孢美唑钠精制品, 按照高效液相色 谱法 (中国药典 2000版二部附录 V D ) 测定, 其头孢美唑含量 不低于 94 % , 大部分不低于 94.5 % , 颜色为白色。
鉴于头孢美唑钠的粉末流动性、 特性溶出速率、 固体稳定 性以及制备可操作性对其活性的发挥以及所配制的制剂的影响 巨大, 而纯度得到大幅提高的头孢美唑钠在溶出速率、 可配制 性以及稳定性方面也相应明显改善。
因此, 根据本发明方法精制的头孢美唑钠完全适合配制成 用于治疗敏感菌引起的呼吸系统感染、胆道感染、 泌尿系感染、 妇产科细菌感染、 皮肤软组织感染及手术后预防感染等的抗菌 药物组合物, 所述药物组合物包括根据本发明方法精制的头孢 美唑钠和药学上可接受的赋形剂。 优选地, 所述药物组合物可 以是冻千粉针剂或注射用制剂。
本发明还提供了上述药物组合物在制备用于治疗敏感菌引 起的呼吸系统感染、 胆道感染、 泌尿系感染、 妇产科细菌感染、 皮肤软组织感染及手术后预防感染等的药物的用途。
本发明从根本上改变了国内外头孢美唑钠原料纯度较低的 现状,解决了粗制头孢美唑钠和头孢美唑钠原料药面临的难题, 改善了由于不溶性微粒或聚合物杂质成分较多引发的一系列临 床不良反应。 本发明方法还具有简便、 易于控制和工业化生产 的特点。
以下通过实施例来进一步解释或说明本发明内容。 但所提 供的实施例不应被理解为对本发明保护范围构成限制。
HPLC测定头孢美唑钠的纯度:
仪器与试药: Agilent 1100型高效液相色谱仪。 水为重蒸 熘水, 乙腈为色谱级。 头孢美唑钠对照品(中国药品生物制品检 定所); 注射用头孢美唑钠粉针剂(哈药集团制药总厂, 规格 0.5g) ; 根据本发明方法精制获得的头孢美唑钠样品。
色谱条件: 用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂; 流动相为 含磷酸二氢胺的緩冲液( pH3.5 , 用 10 %的稀磷酸调节) -乙腈 (83 : 17) , 检测波长 272nm , 理论塔板按头孢美唑峰计算应不 低于 2500。
具体操作: 取头孢美唑钠样品 25mg, 置于 50ml容量瓶中, 加流动相溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇勾取 10微升注入液相色借仪, 记录色谱图。 另取头孢美唑对照品适量, 同法测定。 按外标法 计算出样品中头孢美唑的含量。 按无水物计算, 含头孢美唑应 不少于 86.0%, 头孢美唑最大含量为 95.34 % 。 实施例 1
取 10 g按照 C N 101550151 A制得的头孢美唑钠粗品, 高效 液相色语法测得头孢美唑的含量为 83%。 将该头孢美唑钠粗品 溶于 200ml水中, 每次加入体积占所述水溶液体积 40%的乙酸 乙酯, 萃取 2次, 充分搅拌后, 静置, 然后分离掉有机相, 获 得含有头孢美唑钠的水相。
向上述水相中加入 1M的乙醇钠水溶液 20ml进行处理, 处 理温度为 60°C, 处理时间为 3小时, 然后降温至室温, 有沉淀 析出, 过滤后获得含水滤液。
将所获得的头孢美唑钠水溶液升高至 70°C进行浓缩 , 浓缩 到溶液体积为 120 m 1 , 然后向该水溶液中加入与水体积比为 4: 6的乙醇, 慢慢降温至 15°C, 进行重结晶, 析出晶体, 放置 10 小时直至不再有晶体析出, 离心机离心, 过滤, 滤饼用分析纯 乙醇洗涤, 空气晾干, 得白色头孢美唑钠 9.6g, 收率 96%。
根据本发明制得的纯化的头孢美唑钠的 NMR图谱见图 1, NMR数据为 δ ( 1H) =5.4, 单峰; δ ( 2Η) =3.06, 单 峰; δ ( 2Η) =3.60, 单峰; δ ( 3Η) =3.63, 双峰; δ ( 3Η ) =3.24, 单峰; δ ( 2Η) =3.56, 单峰; δ ( 2Η) =3.33, 单峰; δ ( 1H) =8.0, 单峰。
高效液相色谱测得头孢美唑的含量为 94.3%。 取精制品加 水制成每 lml中约含 O.lg的溶液, 溶液澄清无色。 比较实施例 1
按照中国专利 CN101787039A中描述的精制方法, 对实施 例 1中采用的头孢美唑钠粗品进行纯化, 高效液相色谱测得头 孢美唑的含量为 87%。 实施例 2
取 10g头孢美唑钠原料药 (哈药集团制药总厂, 批号 20100601 ), 高效液相色谱法测得头孢美唑的含量为 89%。 将该 头孢美唑钠粗品溶于 150ml水中, 每次加入体积占所述水溶液 体积 35%的环己烷, 萃取 3次, 每次所用溶剂, 充分搅拌后, 静 置, 然后分离掉有机相, 获得含有头孢美唑钠的水相。
向上述水相中加入 2M的乙醇钠的乙醇溶液 15ml进行处 理, 处理温度为 50 °C , 处理时间为 5小时, 然后降温至室温, 有沉淀析出, 过滤后获得含头孢美唑钠的水 /乙醇滤液。
将所获得的头孢美唑钠溶液升高至 65 °C进行浓缩, 浓缩到 溶液体积为 100ml, 然后向该溶液中加入与溶液体积比为 4: 6 的乙醇, 慢慢降温至 10 °C , 进行重结晶, 析出晶体, 放置 15小 时直至不再有晶体析出, 离心机离心, 过滤, 滤饼用分析纯乙 醇洗涤, 空气晾干, 得白色头孢美唑钠 9.7g, 收率 97 % 。
高效液相色谱测得头孢美唑的含量为 95.1%。 取精制品加 水制成每 lml中约含 O. lg的溶液, 溶液澄清无色。 实施例 3
取 10g生产日期较长的头孢美唑钠原料药 (重庆药友制药 有限责任公司, 批号 20060303 ), 高效液相色旙法测得头孢美唑 的含量为 84%。 将该头孢美唑钠粗品溶于 250ml水中, 每次加 入体积占所述水溶液体积 30%的环己烷和乙酸乙酯 1: 1的混合 溶剂, 萃取 3次, 充分搅拌后, 静置, 然后分离掉有机相, 获 得含有头孢美唑钠的水相。
向上述水相中加入 1M的曱醇钠水溶液 25ml进行处理, 处 理温度为 55 °C , 处理时间为 4小时, 然后降温至室温, 有沉淀 析出, 过滤后获得含水滤液。
将所获得的头孢美唑钠溶液升高至 75 °C进行浓缩, 浓缩至 体积为 180ml, 然后向该溶液中加入与水体积比为 5 : 5的丙酮, 慢慢降温至 12 °C , 进行重结晶, 析出晶体, 放置 12小时直至不 再有晶体析出, 离心机离心, 过滤, 滤饼用丙酮洗涤, 真空干 燥, 得白色头孢美唑钠 9.5g, 收率 95 % 。 高效液相色谱测得头孢美唑的含量为 94.6%。 取精制品加 水制成每 lml中约含 O. lg的溶液, 溶液澄清无色。 实施例 4
取 10g过期的头孢美唑钠原料药, 高效液相色语法测得头 孢美唑的含量为 79%。 将该头孢美唑钠粗品溶于 300ml水中, 每次加入溶剂体积占所述水溶液体积 25%的环己烷和乙酸乙酯 2 : 3的混合溶剂, 萃取 4次, 每次都在充分搅拌后, 静置, 然 后分离掉有机相, 获得含有头孢美唑钠的水相。
向上述水相中加入 1.5M的曱醇钠水溶液 20ml进行处理, 处理温度为 65 °C , 处理时间为 3小时, 然后降温至室温, 有沉 淀析出, 过滤后获得含水滤液。
将所获得的头孢美唑钠溶液升高至 80 °C进行浓缩, 浓缩至 体积为 200ml, 然后向该溶液中加入与水体积比为 5 : 5的丙酮, 慢慢降温至 8 °C , 进行重结晶, 析出晶体, 放置 9小时直至不再 有晶体析出, 离心机离心, 过滤, 滤饼用丙酮洗涤, 真空干燥, 得白色头孢美唑钠 9.55g, 收率 95.5 % 。
高效液相色谱测得头孢美唑的含量为 94.4%。 取精制品加 水制成每 lml中约含 O. lg的溶液, 溶液澄清无色。 根据上述的实施例对本发明作了详细描述。 需说明的是, 以上的实施例仅仅为了举例说明本发明而已。 在不偏离本发明 的精神和实质的前提下, 本领域技术人员可以设计出本发明的 多种替换方案和改进方案, 其均应被理解为在本发明的保护范 围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种纯化头孢美唑钠的新方法, 其特征在于该方法包括 以下步骤:
步骤 1 ), 将原料头孢美唑钠溶于水中, 加入与水不互溶的 有机溶剂, 优选为乙酸乙酯、 环己烷或乙酸乙酯和环己烷混合 物, 进行萃取, 然后分离掉含有杂质的有机相, 获得初级提纯 的含有头孢美唑钠的水相;
步骤 2 ), 向上述水相中加入碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物进 行处理, 在处理过程中任选进行加热, 然后降温, 将析出的沉 淀过滤掉, 获得的滤液即为二级提纯的含有头孢美唑钠的水溶 液
步骤 3 ), 向该水溶液中加入头孢美唑钠的不良溶剂, 优选 为乙醇或丙酮, 并控制温度进行重结晶, 将析出的晶体离心洗 涤, 干燥, 获得三级提纯的头孢美唑钠。
2、 根据权利要求 1的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特征在于 该方法包括如下步驟:
步驟 1 ), 将原料头孢美唑钠溶于水中, 加入乙酸乙酯、 环 己烷或乙酸乙酯和环己烷混合物, 进行多次萃取, 按体积计, 每次有机溶剂的用量优选少于水溶液的一半, 然后分离掉有机 相, 获得含有头孢美唑钠的水相;
步骤 2 ), 向上述水相中加入碱金属或碱土金属烷氧化物进 行处理, 该处理在加热下进行, 优选温度为 30 - 100 °C , 处理的 时间为数分钟至数小时, 优选为 30分钟至 5小时, 然后降温, 将 析出的沉淀过滤掉, 获得含水滤液;
步骤 3 ) , 在升高的温度下, 如 30-80 °C下将步骤 2 ) 获得的 头孢美唑钠水溶液进行浓缩, 然后按照水和乙醇体积比 4: 6加 入乙醇或者按照水和丙酮体积比 5: 5的比例加入丙酮进行重结 晶, 慢慢降温, 直至室温 -5 °C之间, 将析出的晶体离心洗涤, 权 利 要 求 书
干燥, 获得三级提纯的头孢美唑钠。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特征在 于, 步骤 1 ) 中所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3之一的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特 征在于, 步骤 1 ) 中, 按体积计, 每次萃取时有机溶剂的用量少 于水溶液的三分之一, 萃取次数为 2至 3次。
5、、 根据权利要求 1-4之一的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特 征在于, 步骤 2) 中, 所述处理温度为 40 - 80°C , 更优选为 50 - 70°C。 处理时间为 1小时至 3小时, 优选为 2小时。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5之一的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特 征在于, 步骤 3 ) 中, 按照水和乙醇体积比 4: 6加入乙醇进行重 结晶情况下, 最后用乙醇来洗涤晶体, 按照水和丙酮体积比 5: 5的比例加入丙酮进行重结晶情况下, 最后用丙酮来洗涤晶体。
7、 根据权利要求 1-6之一的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特 征在于, 步骤 3) 中, 加入溶剂后降温至室温 -5°C之间, 在降温 过程中任选投入头孢美唑钠晶种。
8、 根据权利要求 1-7之一的头孢美唑钠的精制方法, 其特 征在于, 步骤 3 ) 中, 经放置 5-48小时后, 结晶完全。 对结晶采 用晾干方式或真空烘干方式进行干燥。
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