WO2012124625A1 - 複合ニッケルナノ粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
複合ニッケルナノ粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012124625A1 WO2012124625A1 PCT/JP2012/056112 JP2012056112W WO2012124625A1 WO 2012124625 A1 WO2012124625 A1 WO 2012124625A1 JP 2012056112 W JP2012056112 W JP 2012056112W WO 2012124625 A1 WO2012124625 A1 WO 2012124625A1
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to composite nickel nanoparticles having excellent sinterability and a method for producing the same. More specifically, for example, composite nickel nanoparticles that can be suitably used for a conductive paste for forming an internal electrode of a multilayer ceramic capacitor and a method for producing the same. About.
- Nickel nanoparticles are cheaper than noble metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles and are chemically more stable than noble metal nanoparticles, so they are expected to be used for electrodes in catalysts, magnetic materials, and multilayer ceramic capacitors. Yes. Conventionally, nickel nanoparticles have been obtained by solid phase reaction or liquid phase reaction.
- Known solid-phase reactions include chemical vapor deposition of nickel chloride and thermal decomposition of nickel formate salt.
- a nickel salt such as nickel chloride is directly reduced with a strong reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, a reducing agent such as hydrazine is added in the presence of NaOH, and the precursor [Ni (H 2 NNH 2 ) 2 ]
- a method of thermal decomposition after forming SO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O a method of hydrothermal synthesis by putting a nickel complex such as nickel chloride or a nickel complex containing an organic ligand into a pressure vessel together with a solvent, etc. It has been.
- the particle size In order to provide nickel nanoparticles suitably for uses such as the above-described catalyst, magnetic material, electrode, etc., it is necessary to control the particle size to be as small as, for example, less than 150 nm and uniform.
- the precursor in the form of a gel
- the subsequent reduction reaction becomes heterogeneous
- the reaction temperature is high, so in each case, avoid aggregation. Can not.
- Patent Document 1 a technique for obtaining nickel nanoparticles by mixing a nickel precursor, an organic amine, and a reducing agent and then heating has been proposed (Patent Document 1). According to this technique, the size and shape of the nickel nanoparticles can be easily controlled. However, in this production method, since a strong reducing agent such as tetrabutylammonium borohydride is used, it is difficult to control the reduction reaction, and it is not always necessary to obtain nickel nanoparticles with sufficiently controlled particle size. It is considered unsuitable.
- a strong reducing agent such as tetrabutylammonium borohydride
- a multilayer ceramic capacitor is obtained by alternately laminating ceramic dielectrics and internal electrodes and then pressing and then integrating them.
- the sintering temperature of the nickel nanoparticles as the internal electrode material is as low as several hundred degrees Celsius compared to the sintering temperature of the ceramic dielectric exceeding 1,000 ° C.
- the conventional technology such as Patent Document 1 described above does not take any effective measures.
- a metal copper fine particle has been proposed in which a metal salt aqueous solution is added to a slurry of copper fine particles and the pH is adjusted to fix a metal oxide or the like on the surface (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 2 a metal salt aqueous solution is added to a slurry of copper fine particles and the pH is adjusted to fix a metal oxide or the like on the surface
- the inventors of the present invention first manufactured by heating a solution containing a Lewis base such as nickel formate hydrate, fatty acid amine, and a solvent, and a general formula Ni (HCOO) 2 (L 1 ) (L 2 ) (however, L 1 and L 2 represent Lewis base ligands, and L 1 and L 2 may be the same or different from each other), and have proposed a nickel complex represented by ( Patent Document 3).
- a Lewis base such as nickel formate hydrate, fatty acid amine, and a solvent
- Ni (HCOO) 2 (L 1 ) (L 2 ) (however, L 1 and L 2 represent Lewis base ligands, and L 1 and L 2 may be the same or different from each other)
- Patent Literature 4 a technique has been proposed in which a metal powder such as silver powder having a particle size of about 1 ⁇ m is surface-treated with an organic thiol compound for the purpose of enhancing the dispersibility of the particles.
- Patent Document 4 is intended for relatively large particles having a particle size of about 1 ⁇ m, and no consideration is given to the surface state of the metal powder before the surface treatment with the organic thiol compound.
- the target is a metal powder having an average particle size of 150 nm or less, secondary aggregation of the metal powder is likely to occur during the surface treatment with the organic thiol compound, and the treatment with the organic thiol compound is not sufficiently performed. Occurs.
- An object of the present invention is to produce nickel nanoparticles having a moderately high sintering temperature while using a liquid phase reaction technique to optimize the particle size and distribution.
- the present inventors have completely separated the complex formation reaction and the reduction reaction of the nickel precursor in the production of the nickel nanoparticles, adopted a specific heating method, and specified
- the present invention was completed by finding that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by applying the surface treatment.
- the method for producing composite nickel nanoparticles of the present invention includes the following steps A to C; A) A complexing reaction liquid production step for obtaining a complexing reaction liquid by heating a mixture of nickel carboxylate and primary amine to a temperature within the range of 100 ° C. to 165 ° C., B) The complexing reaction solution is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C.
- the sulfur element-containing organic compound may be a sulfur element-containing organic compound containing a mercapto group, a disulfide group or a sulfide group.
- the sulfur element-containing organic compound may be an aliphatic thiol compound.
- the aliphatic thiol compound may be an aliphatic thiol compound having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the sulfur element-containing organic compound may be an aliphatic disulfide compound.
- the aliphatic disulfide compound may be an aliphatic disulfide compound having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the sulfur element-containing organic compound may be an aliphatic methyl sulfide compound.
- the aliphatic methyl sulfide compound may be an aliphatic methyl sulfide compound having 2 to 11 carbon atoms.
- the composite nickel nanoparticles of the present invention are those in which the surface of the metal nickel nanoparticles is coated with a primary amine and sulfur element or a sulfur element-containing organic compound.
- the method for producing composite nickel nanoparticles of the present invention comprises a step of heating a mixture of nickel carboxylate and primary amine to a temperature in the range of 100 ° C. to 165 ° C. to obtain a complexing reaction solution.
- a primary amine can be coordinated as a ligand of a nickel ion without proceeding the reduction of the nickel complex (or nickel ion).
- the method of the present invention includes a heating reduction step by microwave irradiation separately from the complexing reaction solution generation step, so that the average particle diameter of the metallic nickel nanoparticles generated in the reduction step can be controlled relatively easily. can do.
- the method of the present invention can suppress aggregation of the metallic nickel nanoparticles.
- this invention method is the state which primary amine coordinated to the surface of the metal nickel nanoparticle, or this surface is made to adhere by making a sulfur element adhere, or carrying out ligand exchange with a sulfur element containing organic compound, Composite nickel nanoparticles coated with a primary amine and elemental sulfur or an elemental sulfur-containing organic compound can be produced. Accordingly, it is possible to optimize the particle size and distribution of the composite nickel nanoparticles, and in particular, composite nickel nanoparticles having a high sintering temperature can be obtained.
- the composite nickel nanoparticles obtained by the method of the present invention have a high sintering temperature, they can be suitably used, for example, as a material for internal electrodes of a multilayer ceramic capacitor.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. First, the manufacturing method of the composite nickel nanoparticle which concerns on this Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the method for producing composite nickel nanoparticles according to the present embodiment includes the following steps A to C; A) A complexing reaction liquid production step for obtaining a complexing reaction liquid by heating a mixture of nickel carboxylate and primary amine to a temperature within the range of 100 ° C. to 165 ° C., B) The complexing reaction liquid is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C.
- the primary amine the metal nickel nanoparticles coated with primary amine
- the primary amine which may be abbreviated as “nanoparticles”, but is distinguished from composite nickel nanoparticles coated with primary amine and elemental sulfur or organic compound containing sulfur element.
- Nickel carboxylate (nickel salt of carboxylic acid) is not limited to the type of carboxylic acid.
- the carboxyl group may be a monocarboxylic acid having one carboxyl group, or a carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups. It may be.
- acyclic carboxylic acid may be sufficient and cyclic carboxylic acid may be sufficient.
- nickel carboxylate nickel acyclic monocarboxylate can be suitably used.
- nickel acyclic monocarboxylates nickel acetate or nickel propionate having a longer straight chain than nickel acetate, It is more preferable to use nickel acid or the like.
- the resulting nanoparticles are less likely to have a variation in shape and are easily formed as a uniform shape.
- the nickel carboxylate may be an anhydride or a hydrate.
- inorganic salts such as nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel carbonate, nickel hydroxide instead of nickel carboxylate.
- inorganic salts since dissociation (decomposition) is high temperature, heating at a higher temperature is required in the process of reducing the nickel ions (or nickel complex) after dissociation, which is not preferable.
- nickel salts composed of organic ligands such as Ni (acac) 2 ( ⁇ -diketonato complex) and nickel stearate, but using these nickel salts increases the cost of raw materials. It is not preferable.
- the primary amine can form a complex with nickel ions, and effectively exhibits a reducing ability for nickel complexes (or nickel ions).
- secondary amines have great steric hindrance and may hinder good formation of nickel complexes, and tertiary amines cannot be used because they do not have the ability to reduce nickel ions.
- the primary amine is not particularly limited as long as it can form a complex with nickel ions, and can be a solid or liquid at room temperature.
- room temperature means 20 ° C. ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the primary amine that is liquid at room temperature also functions as an organic solvent for forming the nickel complex.
- even if it is a primary amine solid at normal temperature there is no particular problem as long as it is liquid by heating at 100 ° C. or higher, or can be dissolved using an organic solvent.
- the primary amine may be an aromatic primary amine, but an aliphatic primary amine is preferred from the viewpoint of easy nickel complex formation in the reaction solution.
- Aliphatic primary amines can control the particle size of the produced nanoparticles, for example, by adjusting the length of the carbon chain, and in particular, produce nanoparticles having an average particle size in the range of 50 nm to 100 nm. This is advantageous.
- the aliphatic primary amine is preferably selected from those having about 6 to 20 carbon atoms. The larger the number of carbons, the smaller the particle size of the resulting nanoparticles.
- amines examples include octylamine, trioctylamine, dioctylamine, hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, myristylamine, and laurylamine.
- oleylamine exists in a liquid state under the temperature conditions in the nanoparticle production process, so that the reaction can proceed efficiently in a homogeneous solution.
- the primary amine functions as a surface modifier during the production of the nanoparticles, secondary aggregation can be suppressed even after removal of the primary amine.
- the primary amine is preferably liquid at room temperature from the viewpoint of ease of treatment operation in the washing step of separating the solid component of the nanoparticles generated after the reduction reaction from the solvent or the unreacted primary amine.
- the primary amine preferably has a boiling point higher than the reduction temperature from the viewpoint of ease of reaction control when the nickel complex is reduced to obtain metallic nickel nanoparticles. That is, the aliphatic primary amine preferably has a boiling point of 180 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, and preferably has 9 or more carbon atoms.
- the boiling point of C 9 H 21 N (nonylamine) of an aliphatic amine having 9 carbon atoms is 201 ° C.
- the amount of primary amine is preferably 2 mol or more, more preferably 2.2 mol or more, and more preferably 4 mol or more with respect to 1 mol of nickel.
- the upper limit of the amount of primary amine is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 mol or less from the viewpoint of productivity, for example.
- an organic solvent different from the primary amine may be newly added in order to advance the reaction in a homogeneous solution more efficiently.
- the organic solvent may be mixed with the nickel carboxylate and the primary amine.
- the organic solvent is added to form the primary amine. Is more preferable because it efficiently coordinates to a nickel atom.
- the organic solvent that can be used is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the complex formation between the primary amine and the nickel ion. For example, the organic solvent having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, the organic solvent having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and the like.
- a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon organic solvent, an alcohol organic solvent having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or the like can be used. Further, from the viewpoint of enabling use even under heating conditions by microwave irradiation, it is preferable to select an organic solvent having a boiling point of 170 ° C. or higher, more preferably in the range of 200 to 300 ° C. It is better to choose one. Specific examples of such an organic solvent include tetraethylene glycol and n-octyl ether.
- a divalent nickel ion is known as a ligand-substituted active species, and the ligand of the complex to be formed may easily change in complex formation by ligand exchange depending on temperature and concentration.
- ligand exchange depending on temperature and concentration.
- carboxylate ions R 1 COO, R 2 COO
- monodentate coordination b
- At least one of the ligands of A, B, C, D, E, and F must be coordinated with a primary amine. There is. In order to take this state, it is necessary that the primary amine is excessively present in the reaction solution, and it is preferable that at least 2 mol per 1 mol of nickel ions is present, and 2.2 mol or more exist. More preferably, 4 mol or more is desirable.
- this complex formation reaction can proceed even at room temperature, the reaction is carried out by heating to a temperature within the range of 100 ° C. to 165 ° C. in order to perform a sufficient and more efficient complex formation reaction.
- This heating is particularly advantageous when a nickel carboxylate hydrate such as nickel acetate tetrahydrate is used as the nickel carboxylate.
- the heating temperature is preferably higher than 100 ° C, more preferably 105 ° C or higher.
- the heating temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the ligand substitution reaction between the coordinated water coordinated to nickel carboxylate and the primary amine is efficiently performed, and the water molecule as the complex ligand is dissociated.
- a complex can be formed efficiently.
- the heat treatment in the complex formation reaction between nickel carboxylate and primary amine is surely separated from the subsequent heat reduction process by microwave irradiation of the nickel complex (or nickel ion) to complete the complex formation reaction.
- the upper limit is set to 165 ° C. or lower, preferably 160 ° C. or lower, more preferably 150 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time can be appropriately determined according to the heating temperature and the content of each raw material, but is preferably 10 minutes or more from the viewpoint of completing the complex formation reaction. There is no upper limit on the heating time, but heat treatment for a long time is useless from the viewpoint of saving energy consumption and process time.
- the heating method is not particularly limited, and may be heating by a heat medium such as an oil bath or heating by microwave irradiation.
- the complex formation reaction between nickel carboxylate and primary amine can be confirmed by a change in the color of the solution when a solution obtained by mixing nickel carboxylate and primary amine in an organic solvent is heated. .
- this complex formation reaction is carried out by measuring the absorption maximum wavelength of the absorption spectrum observed in the wavelength region of 300 nm to 750 nm using, for example, an ultraviolet / visible absorption spectrum measuring apparatus, and measuring the maximum absorption wavelength of the raw material (for example, nickel acetate). In tetrahydrate, the maximum absorption wavelength is 710 nm.), And this can be confirmed by observing the shift of the reaction solution with respect to.
- the resulting reaction solution is heated by microwave irradiation to reduce the nickel ions of the nickel complex as described below.
- the carboxylate ions coordinated to the metal are decomposed, and finally metal nickel nanoparticles containing nickel having an oxidation number of 0 are generated.
- nickel carboxylate is hardly soluble under conditions other than using water as a solvent, and a solution containing nickel carboxylate needs to be a homogeneous reaction solution as a pre-stage of the heat reduction reaction by microwave irradiation.
- the primary amine used in the present embodiment is liquid under the operating temperature conditions, and is considered to be liquefied by coordination with nickel ions to form a homogeneous reaction solution.
- Step B Nanoparticle slurry generation step
- the complexing reaction solution obtained by the complexation reaction between nickel carboxylate and primary amine is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C. or higher by microwave irradiation to reduce nickel ions in the complexing reaction solution.
- the temperature for heating by microwave irradiation is preferably 180 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of suppressing variation in the shape of the obtained nanoparticles.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to 270 ° C. or less, for example, from the viewpoint of efficiently performing the treatment.
- the use wavelength of a microwave is not specifically limited, For example, it is 2.45 GHz.
- a nickel complex is uniformly and sufficiently generated in a complexing reaction liquid generation step (a step where nickel complex is generated), and a nanoparticle slurry generation step (In the step of heating by microwave irradiation), it is necessary to simultaneously generate and grow nickel (zero-valent) nuclei generated by reduction of the nickel complex (or nickel ions).
- the heating temperature in the complexing reaction liquid generation process within the above specific range and ensuring that it is lower than the heating temperature by the microwave in the nanoparticle slurry generation process, the particle size and shape are adjusted. Particles are easily generated.
- the heating temperature in the complexing reaction liquid generation step is too high in the complexing reaction liquid generation step, the formation of a nickel complex and the reduction reaction to nickel (zero valence) proceed simultaneously, and different metal species are generated. There is a possibility that it is difficult to generate particles having a uniform particle shape.
- the heating temperature in the nanoparticle slurry generation step is too low, the reduction reaction rate to nickel (zero valence) is slowed and the generation of nuclei is reduced, so that not only the particles are enlarged, but also from the viewpoint of the yield of nanoparticles. Is also not preferred.
- the metallic nickel nanoparticle slurry obtained by heating by microwave irradiation is, for example, allowed to stand and separated, and after removing the supernatant liquid, washed with an appropriate solvent and dried to obtain metallic nickel nanoparticles. It is done.
- the particle diameter of the metallic nickel nanoparticles thus obtained is preferably 150 nm or less, for example, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 120 nm.
- the above-described organic solvent may be added as necessary.
- Step C Step of producing composite nickel nanoparticles
- the metal nickel nanoparticle slurry obtained by irradiating the complexing reaction solution with microwaves to heat and reduce nickel ions is coated with the primary amine used in the complexing reaction.
- the elemental sulfur-containing organic compound hereinafter, also referred to as “sulfur-containing compound” capable of substituting the metal nickel nanoparticle slurry with sulfur powder or a primary amine covering the metal nickel nanoparticle.
- sulfur-containing compound capable of substituting the metal nickel nanoparticle slurry with sulfur powder or a primary amine covering the metal nickel nanoparticle.
- the sulfur powder or sulfur-containing compound may be added in the form of a slurry of metallic nickel nanoparticles following the reduction reaction by microwave irradiation of the complexing reaction solution.
- the sulfur powder or the sulfur-containing compound is obtained by isolating the metallic nickel nanoparticles from the metallic nickel nanoparticle slurry obtained by the reduction reaction, and then dispersing the metallic nickel nanoparticles in the liquid to form a slurry state. May be added.
- the sulfur powder or the sulfur-containing compound is preferably added in the state of a slurry of metallic nickel nanoparticles following the reduction reaction by microwave irradiation of the complexing reaction solution.
- elemental sulfur including the state of sulfur-containing compounds
- the presence of elemental sulfur (including the state of sulfur-containing compounds) on the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles reduces the surface activity of the metallic nickel nanoparticles, for example, resistance to sintering when used as a material for internal electrodes of multilayer ceramic capacitors Can be improved.
- sulfur powder or a sulfur-containing compound is added in the state of a metallic nickel nanoparticle slurry.
- a sulfur-containing compound capable of ligand substitution with an amine compound it is preferable to use a sulfur-containing compound capable of ligand substitution with an amine compound.
- Sulfur powder can be used without limitation, such as monoclinic and orthorhombic crystalline powders and amorphous powders, and its particle size can also be used without particular limitation. In consideration of mutual dispersibility, it is preferable to use one having a mesh size of 200 mesh or less. From another viewpoint, it is preferable to use a sulfur powder having a particle size in the range of 1 to 3 ⁇ m, for example. Moreover, it is desirable that the sulfur powder is completely dissolved in an organic solvent such as a primary amine and then added to the metal nickel nanoparticle slurry. As the organic solvent used for dissolving the sulfur powder, the primary amine used for obtaining the complexing reaction solution or the organic solvent described above can be applied.
- organic solvent such as a primary amine used for obtaining the complexing reaction solution or the organic solvent described above can be applied.
- the sulfur-containing compound enables a substitution reaction with a primary amine coated with metallic nickel nanoparticles. That is, the sulfur-containing compound is a compound having a functional group that enables a substitution reaction (ligand exchange reaction) with a primary amine immobilized by chemical bonding on the surface of the metal nickel nanoparticles.
- Such functional groups include —SH, —NH 2 , —NH 3 X (where X is a halogen atom), —COOH, —Si (OCH 3 ) 3 , —Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 , And monovalent groups such as —SiCl 3 and —SCOCH 3 , and divalent groups such as —S—, —S 2 — and —S 4 —.
- those containing a mercapto group, disulfide group or sulfide group are preferred, and a mercapto group or disulfide group is more preferred.
- These functional groups can partially coat the surface of the nickel metal nanoparticles with Ni-S chemical bonds, so that rapid oxidation of the nickel metal nanoparticles during sintering is suppressed and low-temperature shrinkage is suppressed. This is advantageous.
- the sulfur-containing compound containing a mercapto group is preferably an aliphatic thiol compound having a hydrocarbon group, more preferably in the range of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of easy control of the substitution reaction with the primary amine. Aliphatic thiol compounds are preferred. It is also possible to control the amount of organic matter (particularly carbon element) present on the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles by a substitution reaction with the primary amine immobilized on the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles. For example, by using a sulfur-containing compound that is less than the carbon number of the primary amine related to the surface modification of the metallic nickel nanoparticles, the carbon element present on the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles can be reduced.
- the sulfur-containing compound is an aliphatic thiol compound having a hydrocarbon group in the range of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and the primary amine has a hydrocarbon group. It is an aliphatic primary amine, and the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group of the aliphatic thiol compound is less than or equal to the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group of the aliphatic primary amine, preferably the carbon of the hydrocarbon group of the aliphatic primary amine It should be less than a number.
- the sulfur-containing compound containing a disulfide group is preferably an aliphatic disulfide compound having a hydrocarbon group, more preferably in the range of 2 to 40 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the substitution reaction with the primary amine can be easily controlled.
- Aliphatic disulfide compounds are preferred.
- Such an aliphatic disulfide compound is represented by the general formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) are monovalent substituents independently selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups.
- the disulfide compound is considered to facilitate the substitution reaction with the primary amine by, for example, cleavage of the SS bond by heating or the like.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) are A monovalent substituent independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkynyl group, wherein the primary amine is an aliphatic primary amine having a hydrocarbon group;
- the total carbon number of R 1 and R 2 may be less than or equal to the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group of the aliphatic primary amine, preferably less than the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group of the aliphatic primary amine.
- the sulfur-containing compound containing a sulfide group is preferably an aliphatic methyl sulfide compound having a hydrocarbon group, more preferably within the range of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the substitution reaction with the primary amine can be easily controlled. Some aliphatic methyl sulfide compounds are preferred.
- Such an aliphatic methyl sulfide compound is represented by the general formula (2).
- R 3 in the general formula (2) is a monovalent substituent selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group.
- R 3 in the general formula (2) is carbon as a most preferable aliphatic methyl sulfide compound.
- the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group of the aliphatic primary amine is less than or equal to the carbon number of the aliphatic primary amine hydrocarbon group, preferably less than the carbon number of the aliphatic primary amine hydrocarbon group.
- sulfur-containing compound examples include monovalent thiol compounds such as methylthiol, ethylthiol, propylthiol, butylthiol, heptylthiol, hexylthiol, octylthiol, nonylthiol, decylthiol (decanethiol), undecylthiol.
- monovalent thiol compounds such as methylthiol, ethylthiol, propylthiol, butylthiol, heptylthiol, hexylthiol, octylthiol, nonylthiol, decylthiol (decanethiol), undecylthiol.
- Dodecylthiol (dodecanethiol), tetradecylthiol (tetradecanethiol), hexadecanethiol, octadecylthiol, tert-dodecylmercaptan, cyclohexylthiol, benzylthiol, ethylphenylthiol, 2-mercaptomethyl-1,3-dithiolane, 2- Mercaptomethyl-1,4-dithiane, 1-mercapto-2,3-epithiopropane, 1-mercaptomethylthio-2,3-epithiopropane, 1-mercap Ethylthio-2,3-epithiopropane, 3-mercaptothietane, 2-mercaptothietane, 3-mercaptomethylthiothietane, 2-mercaptomethylthiothietane, 2-mercaptomethylthiothietane
- polyvalent thiol (polythiol) compounds include 1,1-methanedithiol, 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,1-propanedithiol, 1,2-propanedithiol, 1,3-propanedithiol, 2,2 -Propanedithiol, 1,6-hexanedithiol, 1,10-decanedithiol, 1,2,3-propanetrithiol, 1,1-cyclohexanedithiol, 1,2-cyclohexanedithiol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1 , 3-dithiol, 3,4-dimethoxybutane-1,2-dithiol, 2-methylcyclohexane-2,3-dithiol, 1,1-bis (mercaptomethyl) cyclohexane, bis-thiomalic acid bis (2-mercaptoethyl ester) 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (2-mercap
- sulfur-containing compounds include 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (mercaptoethyl) -3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (mercaptoethyl) Compounds containing silicon elements such as -3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) propylmercapto, N-phenyl-3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2 -Amino-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-dithiol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 6-amino-2-mercapto Benzothiazole, 4-amino-6-mercaptopyrazolo [3,4 d] pyrimidine
- the addition amount of the sulfur powder or the sulfur-containing compound can be determined in consideration of the surface area of the metallic nickel nanoparticles, and for example, 0% as a sulfur element with respect to 100 parts by mass of nickel element of nickel carboxylate at the time of preparation. It is preferable to be within the range of 0.01 to 3 parts by mass, preferably 0.05 to 1 part by mass.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed within a range of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C. and within a range of 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the sulfur powder is solidified and adheres to the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles, and the sulfur-containing compound covers the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles by a substitution reaction with some primary amines, or
- the sulfur-containing compound is considered to thermally decompose (as elemental sulfur) after the substitution reaction with some primary amines and coat the surface of the metallic nickel nanoparticles.
- the method of this heat treatment is not particularly limited, and for example, heating by a heat medium such as an oil bath or heating by microwave irradiation may be used, but from the viewpoint of more uniform sulfur element coating Heating by microwave irradiation is preferable.
- the composite nickel nanoparticles of the present embodiment are preferably produced by a wet reduction method.
- the value obtained by elemental analysis is preferably 0.001% by mass to N (nitrogen element).
- a range of 0.05% by mass and a content of S (sulfur element) in the range of 0.05% by mass to 1.0% by mass are preferable.
- a surface modifier for controlling the particle diameter of metallic nickel nanoparticles for example, a polymer resin such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide, A long-chain carboxylic acid such as myristic acid or oleic acid or a carboxylate can be added.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- a long-chain carboxylic acid such as myristic acid or oleic acid or a carboxylate.
- the amount of surface modification after washing the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles is as small as possible.
- the surface modifier may be added at the stage of the mixture of nickel carboxylate and primary amine in step A, or may be added to the complexing reaction solution obtained in step A.
- the particle size is preferably 150 nm or less, more preferably in the range of 10 to 120 nm, and uniform (for example, Cv value (coefficient of variation)).
- Composite nickel nanoparticles (which are 0.2 or less) can be obtained.
- composite nickel nanoparticles having a sintering temperature higher than that of conventional nickel particles preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher
- the composite nickel nanoparticles having a high sintering temperature can be suitably used as a material for internal electrodes of a multilayer ceramic capacitor, for example.
- the present invention will be further described with reference to examples.
- this invention is not limited to the Example demonstrated below.
- the particle diameter of the nanoparticles a photograph of the powder was taken with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), 200 particles were randomly extracted from them, and the average particle diameter (area average diameter) and standard deviation were obtained. The Cv value (coefficient of variation) was calculated by (standard deviation) / (average particle size).
- Example 1 Under a nitrogen flow, 20.0 g of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 226.0 g of oleylamine were mixed and then heated at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes with stirring to obtain a blue reaction solution 1.
- reaction solution 1 was irradiated with microwaves and heated at 250 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a metallic nickel nanoparticle slurry 1. Then, 0.058 g of dodecanthiol was added, and microwaves were irradiated again.
- the composite nickel nanoparticle slurry 1 was obtained by heating at 250 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the obtained composite nickel nanoparticle slurry 1 is allowed to stand and be separated, and the supernatant is removed, and then washed three times with a mixed solvent of methanol and toluene in a volume ratio of 1: 4, and then maintained at 60 ° C. Drying with a vacuum dryer for 6 hours gave spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 1 having an average particle size of 100 nm (Cv value; 0.18).
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 1 is shown in FIG.
- thermomechanical analyzer (trade name; Thermo plus EVO-TMA8310, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation). It was confirmed that the starting temperature at% heat shrinkage was about 380 ° C.
- Table 1 “Feed amount [mass ratio%] S / Ni” is the mass of the sulfur element or sulfur element in the sulfur-containing compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of nickel element in the nickel carboxylate at the time of charge. It is displayed in the section.
- the behavior of the thermal expansion and contraction of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 1 is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 An average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value: 0.1%) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 g of decanethiol was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1. 16) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 2 were obtained. It was confirmed that the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 2 was about 370 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 An average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value: 0) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.066 g of tetradecanthiol was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1. .18) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 3 were obtained. It was confirmed that the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 3 was about 385 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Instead of adding 0.058 g dodecanethiol in Example 1, 0.074 g hexadecanethiol was added in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an average particle size of 65 nm (Cv value; 17) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 4 were obtained. It was confirmed that the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 4 was about 390 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 An average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.050 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1 was added instead of 0.050 of di-n-decane disulfide. 0.19) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 5 were obtained. It confirmed that the start temperature in 5% of heat shrink of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticle 5 was about 390 degreeC. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 An average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.030 g of 1,10-decanedithiol was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1. 0.18) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 6 were obtained. It was confirmed that the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 6 had a starting temperature of about 340 ° C. at 5% thermal shrinkage. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 An average particle size of 65 nm (Cv value: 0) in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.058 g of tert-dodecyl mercaptan was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanthiol in Example 1. .16) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 7 were obtained. It was confirmed that the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 7 was about 350 ° C. Composite nickel nanoparticles 7 were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1, an average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value: 0.005 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.062 g of dodecylmethyl sulfide was added. 19) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 8 were obtained. It was confirmed that the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 8 was about 395 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 An average particle size of 60 nm (Cv value: 0.005 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.029 g of dodecanethiol was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1. 18) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 9 were obtained. It was confirmed that the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 9 was about 350 ° C. Composite nickel nanoparticles 9 were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 An average particle size of 65 nm (Cv value: 0.005 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.174 g of dodecanethiol was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1. 17) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 10 were obtained. It was confirmed that the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 10 had a starting temperature of about 395 ° C. at 5% thermal shrinkage. As a result of this elemental analysis, it was C; 0.6, N; 0.0018, O; 2.3, S; 0.43 (unit: mass%). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1, an average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value: 0.005 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.290 g of dodecanethiol was added. 19) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 11 were obtained. It confirmed that the starting temperature in 5% of heat shrink of the obtained composite nickel nanoparticle 11 was about 395 degreeC. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 Instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanthiol in Example 1, an average was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a solution of 0.0092 g of sulfur powder dissolved in 1.0 g of oleylamine was added. Spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles 12 having a particle size of 60 nm (Cv value: 0.18) were obtained. It was confirmed that the obtained composite nickel nanoparticles 12 had a starting temperature of about 330 ° C. at 5% thermal shrinkage. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 spherical uniform metallic nickel nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm (Cv value; 0.17) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that dodecanthiol was not used.
- the starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the obtained metallic nickel nanoparticles was about 295 ° C. As a result of this elemental analysis, it was C; 0.5, N; 0.0260, O; 2.2, S; 0 (unit: mass%).
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- Reference example 1 An average particle size of 70 nm (Cv value: 0) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.091 g of n-decyl sulfide was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanthiol in Example 1. .17) spherical uniform composite nickel nanoparticles were obtained. The starting temperature at 5% thermal shrinkage of the resulting composite nickel nanoparticles was about 310 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Reference example 2 Composite nickel nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.0087 g of dodecanethiol was added instead of adding 0.058 g of dodecanethiol in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
A)カルボン酸ニッケル及び1級アミンの混合物を、100℃~165℃の範囲内の温度に加熱して錯化反応液を得る錯化反応液生成工程、
B)該錯化反応液を、マイクロ波照射によって170℃以上の温度に加熱して、該錯化反応液中のニッケルイオンを還元して、1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子のスラリーを得る金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリー生成工程、
C)1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーに、硫黄粉末又は被覆1級アミンを置換することが可能な硫黄元素含有有機化合物を添加することによって、前記金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面が、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物と、により被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得る複合ニッケルナノ粒子生成工程、
を備えている。
また、本発明方法は、錯化反応液生成工程とは別に、マイクロ波照射による加熱還元の工程を備えているため、還元工程で生成する金属ニッケルナノ粒子の平均粒径を比較的容易に制御することができる。
更に、本発明方法は、配位した1級アミンが、生成する金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面修飾剤として機能するため、金属ニッケルナノ粒子の凝集を抑制することができる。
そして、本発明方法は、金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面に1級アミンが配位した状態で、硫黄元素を付着させるか、又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物で配位子交換させることによって、該表面が、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物と、で被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子を製造することができる。従って、複合ニッケルナノ粒子の粒径の大きさと分布の適正化を図ることができるとともに、特に、焼結温度が高い複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得ることができる。
A)カルボン酸ニッケル及び1級アミンの混合物を、100℃~165℃の範囲内の温度に加熱して錯化反応液を得る錯化反応液生成工程、
B)該錯化反応液を、マイクロ波照射によって170℃以上の温度に加熱して、該錯化反応液中のニッケルイオンを還元して、1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子(以下、「ナノ粒子」と略称することがあるが、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物と、により被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子とは区別する。)のスラリーを得るナノ粒子スラリー生成工程、
C)1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーに、硫黄粉末又は前記被覆1級アミンを置換することが可能な硫黄元素含有有機化合物を添加することによって、前記金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面が、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物と、により被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得る複合ニッケルナノ粒子生成工程、
を備える。
(カルボン酸ニッケル)
カルボン酸ニッケル(カルボン酸のニッケル塩)は、カルボン酸の種類を限定するものではなく、例えば、カルボキシル基が1つのモノカルボン酸であってもよく、また、カルボキシル基が2つ以上のカルボン酸であってもよい。また、非環式カルボン酸であってもよく、環式カルボン酸であってもよい。このようなカルボン酸ニッケルとして、非環式モノカルボン酸ニッケルを好適に用いることができ、非環式モノカルボン酸ニッケルのなかでも、酢酸ニッケルあるいは酢酸ニッケルよりも直鎖の長いプロピオン酸ニッケル、シュウ酸ニッケル等を用いることがより好ましい。これらの非環式モノカルボン酸ニッケルを用いることによって、例えば、得られるナノ粒子は、その形状のばらつきが抑制され、均一な形状として形成されやすくなる。カルボン酸ニッケルは、無水物であってもよく、また水和物であってもよい。
1級アミンは、ニッケルイオンとの錯体を形成することができ、ニッケル錯体(又はニッケルイオン)に対する還元能を効果的に発揮する。一方、2級アミンは立体障害が大きいため、ニッケル錯体の良好な形成を阻害するおそれがあり、3級アミンはニッケルイオンの還元能を有しないため、いずれも使用できない。1級アミンは、ニッケルイオンとの錯体を形成できるものであれば、特に限定するものではなく、常温で固体又は液体のものが使用できる。ここで、常温とは、20℃±15℃をいう。常温で液体の1級アミンは、ニッケル錯体を形成する際の有機溶媒としても機能する。なお、常温で固体の1級アミンであっても、100℃以上の加熱によって液体であるか、又は有機溶媒を用いて溶解するものであれば、特に問題はない。
すなわち、脂肪族1級アミンは、沸点が180℃以上のものが好ましく、200℃以上のものがより好ましく、また、炭素数は9以上のものが好ましい。ここで、例えば炭素数が9である脂肪族アミンのC9H21N(ノニルアミン)の沸点は201℃である。1級アミンの量は、ニッケル1molに対して2mol以上用いることが好ましく、2.2mol以上用いることがより好ましく、4mol以上用いることが望ましい。1級アミンの量が2mol未満では、得られるニッケルナノ粒子の粒子径の制御が困難となり、粒子径がばらつきやすくなる。また、1級アミンの量の上限は特にはないが、例えば生産性の観点からは20mol以下とすることが好ましい。
錯化反応液生成工程では、均一溶液での反応をより効率的に進行させるために、1級アミンとは別の有機溶媒を新たに添加してもよい。有機溶媒を用いる場合、有機溶媒をカルボン酸ニッケル及び1級アミンと同時に混合してもよいが、カルボン酸ニッケル及び1級アミンを先ず混合し、錯形成した後に有機溶媒を加えると、1級アミンが効率的にニッケル原子に配位するので、より好ましい。使用できる有機溶媒としては、1級アミンとニッケルイオンとの錯形成を阻害しないものであれば、特に限定するものではなく、例えば炭素数4~30のエーテル系有機溶媒、炭素数7~30の飽和又は不飽和の炭化水素系有機溶媒、炭素数8~18のアルコール系有機溶媒等を使用することができる。また、マイクロ波照射による加熱条件下でも使用を可能とする観点から、使用する有機溶媒は、沸点が170℃以上のものを選択することが好ましく、より好ましくは200~300℃の範囲内にあるものを選択することがよい。このような有機溶媒の具体例としては、例えばテトラエチレングリコール、n-オクチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
本工程では、カルボン酸ニッケルと1級アミンとの錯形成反応によって得られた錯化反応液を、マイクロ波照射によって170℃以上の温度に加熱し、錯化反応液中のニッケルイオンを還元して1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーを得る。マイクロ波照射によって加熱する温度は、得られるナノ粒子の形状のばらつきを抑制するという観点から、好ましくは180℃以上、より好ましくは200℃以上とすることがよい。加熱温度の上限は特にないが、処理を能率的に行う観点からは例えば270℃以下とすることが好適である。なお、マイクロ波の使用波長は、特に限定するものではなく、例えば2.45GHzである。
錯化反応液にマイクロ波を照射してニッケルイオンを加熱還元させることによって得られた金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーは、錯形成反応に使用された1級アミンによって被覆されている。本工程では、この金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーに、硫黄粉末、又は金属ニッケルナノ粒子を被覆している1級アミンを置換することが可能な硫黄元素含有有機化合物(以下、「硫黄含有化合物」ともいう。)を添加することによって、金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面が、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄含有化合物と、により被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得る。硫黄粉末又は硫黄含有化合物は、錯化反応液のマイクロ波照射による還元反応に続く、金属ニッケルナノ粒子のスラリーの状態で添加してもよい。あるいは、硫黄粉末又は硫黄含有化合物は、還元反応によって得られる金属ニッケルナノ粒子のスラリーから、一旦、金属ニッケルナノ粒子を単離した後に、金属ニッケルナノ粒子を液中に分散させてスラリーの状態としてから、添加してもよい。工程の簡略化の観点から、硫黄粉末又は硫黄含有化合物は、錯化反応液のマイクロ波照射による還元反応に続く、金属ニッケルナノ粒子のスラリーの状態で添加することが好ましい。金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面に硫黄元素(硫黄含有化合物の状態も含む)を存在させることによって、金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面活性を低下させ、例えば積層セラミックコンデンサの内部電極の材料として用いる場合の耐焼結性を向上させることができる。
ジチアン、1,1-ビス{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-3,3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)プロパン、1,3-ビス{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-1,3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)プロパン、1-{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-3-{2,2-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)エチル}-7,9-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2,4,6,10-テトラチアウンデカン、1-{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-3-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-7,9-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2,4,6,10-テトラチアウンデカン、1,5-ビス{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-3-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-2,4-ジチアペンタン、4,6-ビス[3-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-5-メルカプト-2,4-ジチアペンチルチオ]-1,3-ジチアン、4,6-ビス{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-1,3-ジチアン、4-{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-6-{4-(6-メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアニルチオ}-1,3-ジチアン、3-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-7,9-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,11-ジメルカプト-2,4,6,10-テトラチアウンデカン、9-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-3,5,13,15-テトラキス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,17-ジメルカプト-2,6,8,10,12,16-ヘキサチアヘプタデカン、3-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-7,9,13,15-テトラキス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,17-ジメルカプト-2,4,6,10,12,16-ヘキサチアヘプタデカン、3,7-ビス{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}メチル-1,9-ジメルカプト-2,4,6,8-テトラチアノナン、4-{3,4,8,9-テトラキス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-11-メルカプト-2,5,7,10-テトラチアウンデシル}-5-メルカプトメチルチオ-1,3-ジチオラン、4,5-ビス{3,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-6-メルカプト-2,5-ジチアヘキシルチオ}-1,3-ジチオラン、4-{3,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-6-メルカプト-2,5-ジチアヘキシルチオ}-5-メルカプトメチルチオ-1,3-ジチオラン、4-{3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)メチル-5,6-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-8-メルカプト-2,4,7-トリチアオクチル}-5-メルカプトメチルチオ-1,3-ジチオラン、2-[ビス{3,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-6-メルカプト-2,5-ジチアヘキシルチオ}メチル]-1,3-ジチエタン、2-{3,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-6-メルカプト-2,5-ジチアヘキシルチオ}メルカプトメチルチオメチル-1,3-ジチエタン、2-{3,4,8,9-テトラキス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-11-メルカプト-2,5,7,10-テトラチアウンデシルチオ}メルカプトメチルチオメチル-1,3-ジチエタン、2-{3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)メチル-5,6-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-8-メルカプト-2,4,7-トリチアオクチル}メルカプトメチルチオメチル-1,3-ジチエタン、4,5-ビス[1-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}-3-メルカプト-2-チアプロピルチオ]-1,3-ジチオラン、4-[1-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}-3-メルカプト-2-チアプロピルチオ]-5-{1,2-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-4-メルカプト-3-チアブチルチオ}-1,3-ジチオラン、2-[ビス{4-(5-メルカプトメチルチオ-1,3-ジチオラニル)チオ}]メチル-1、3-ジチエタン、4-{4-(5-メルカプトメチルチオ-1,3-ジチオラニル)チオ}-5-[1-{2-(1,3-ジチエタニル)}-3-メルカプト-2-チアプロピルチオ]-1,3-ジチオラン、さらにこれらのオリゴマー等のジチオアセタールもしくはジチオケタール骨格を有する化合物、トリス(メルカプトメチルチオ)メタン、トリス(メルカプトエチルチオ)メタン、1,1,5,5-テトラキス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2,4-ジチアペンタン、ビス[4,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアブチル](メルカプトメチルチオ)メタン、トリス[4,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアブチル]メタン、2,4,6-トリス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3,5-トリチアシクロヘキサン、2,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3,5-トリチアシクロヘキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラキス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2-チアプロパン、ビス(メルカプトメチル)メチルチオ-1,3,5-トリチアシクロヘキサン、トリス[(4-メルカプトメチル-2,5-ジチアシクロヘキシル-1-イル)メチルチオ]メタン、2,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアシクロペンタン、2-メルカプトエチルチオ-4-メルカプトメチル-1,3-ジチアシクロペンタン、2-(2,3-ジメルカプトプロピルチオ)-1,3-ジチアシクロペンタン、4-メルカプトメチル-2-(2,3-ジメルカプトプロピルチオ)-1,3-ジチアシクロペンタン、4-メルカプトメチル-2-(1,3-ジメルカプト-2-プロピルチオ)-1,3-ジチアシクロペンタン、トリス[2,2-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1-チアエチル]メタン、トリス[3,3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2-チアプロピル]メタン、トリス[4,4-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-3-チアブチル]メタン、2,4,6-トリス[3,3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2-チアプロピル]-1,3,5-トリチアシクロヘキサン、テトラキス[3,3-ビス(メルカプトメチルチオ)-2-チアプロピル]メタン等、さらにこれらのオリゴマー等のオルトトリチオ蟻酸エステル骨格を有する化合物、3,3'-ジ(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,5-ジメルカプト-2,4-ジチアペンタン、2,2'-ジ(メルカプトメチルチオ)-1,3-ジチアシクロペンタン、2,7-ジ(メルカプトメチル)-1,4,5,9-テトラチアスピロ[4,4]ノナン、3,9-ジメルカプト-1,5,7,11-テトラチアスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、さらにこれらのオリゴマー等のオルトテトラチオ炭酸エステル骨格を有する化合物等が挙げられる。
本実施の形態に係る複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法において、金属ニッケルナノ粒子の粒径を制御するための表面修飾剤として、例えばポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアクリルアミド等の高分子樹脂、ミリスチン酸、オレイン酸等の長鎖カルボン酸またはカルボン酸塩等を添加することができる。ただし、得られる複合ニッケルナノ粒子の表面修飾量が多いと、ニッケル電極用の導電性ペーストに用いる場合、複合ニッケルナノ粒子をペーストして高温で焼成すると充填密度の減少を招き、層間剥離やクラックを生じる可能性があるため、得られる複合ニッケルナノ粒子を洗浄した後の表面修飾量は可能な限り少ない方が好ましい。表面修飾剤は、工程Aのカルボン酸ニッケル及び1級アミンの混合物の段階で添加してもよく、工程Aで得られる錯化反応液に添加してもよい。
窒素フロー下で、20.0gの酢酸ニッケル四水和物、及び226.0gのオレイルアミンを混合した後、撹拌しながら、120℃で20分間加熱することによって、青色の反応液1を得た。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.05gのデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.16)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子2を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子2の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約370℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.066gのテトラデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.18)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子3を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子3の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約385℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.074gヘキサデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径65nm(Cv値;0.17)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子4を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子4の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約390℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.050のジ-n-デカンジスルフィドを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.19)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子5を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子5の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約390℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.030gの1,10-デカンジチオールを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.18)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子6を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子6の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約340℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.058gのtert-ドデシルメルカプタンを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径65nm(Cv値;0.16)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子7を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子7の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約350℃であることを確認した。複合ニッケルナノ粒子7を得た。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.062gのドデシルメチルスルフィドを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.19)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子8を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子8の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約395℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.029gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径60nm(Cv値;0.18)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子9を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子9の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約350℃であることを確認した。複合ニッケルナノ粒子9を得た。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.174gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径65nm(Cv値;0.17)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子10を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子10の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約395℃であることを確認した。この元素分析の結果、C;0.6、N;0.0018、O;2.3、S;0.43(単位は質量%)であった。結果を表1に示す。この分析結果より、後述する比較例1と比較してオレイルアミンに由来するNが大幅に減少し、ドデカンチオールに由来するSが増加していることから、効果的にアミノ基とメルカプト基の置換反応が進行していることがわかる。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.290gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.19)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子11を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子11の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約395℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、1.0gのオレイルアミンに0.0092gの硫黄粉末を溶解した溶液を添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径60nm(Cv値;0.18)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子12を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子12の5%の熱収縮における開始温度が約330℃であることを確認した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、ドデカンチオ-ルを使用しなかったこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径100nm(Cv値;0.17)の球状の均一な金属ニッケルナノ粒子を得た。得られた金属ニッケルナノ粒子の5%の熱収縮における開始温度は約295℃であった。この元素分析の結果、C;0.5、N;0.0260、O;2.2、S;0(単位は質量%)であった。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.091gのn-デシルスルフィドを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.17)の球状の均一な複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子の5%の熱収縮における開始温度は約310℃であった。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1における0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したことの代わりに、0.0087gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得た。結果を表1に示す。
窒素フロー下で、20.0gの酢酸ニッケル四水和物、及び226.0gのオレイルアミンを混合した後、撹拌しながら、120℃で20分間加熱することによって、青色の反応液を得、得られた反応液をマントルヒーターによって250℃で5分間加熱することによって、金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーを得た後、0.058gのドデカンチオ-ルを添加し、再度、マントルヒーターによって250℃で5分間加熱することによって、平均粒径70nm(Cv値;0.37)の球状の複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得た。得られた複合ニッケルナノ粒子の5%の熱収縮における開始温度は約385℃であった。結果を表1に示す。この結果から、通常加熱を用いるとマイクロ波加熱よりも粒度分布が広くなるため好ましくないことがわかる。
Claims (9)
- 次の工程A~C;
A)カルボン酸ニッケル及び1級アミンの混合物を、100℃~165℃の範囲内の温度に加熱して錯化反応液を得る錯化反応液生成工程、
B)該錯化反応液を、マイクロ波照射によって170℃以上の温度に加熱して、該錯化反応液中のニッケルイオンを還元して、1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子のスラリーを得る金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリー生成工程、
C)1級アミンで被覆された金属ニッケルナノ粒子スラリーに、硫黄粉末又は被覆1級アミンを置換することが可能な硫黄元素含有有機化合物を添加することによって、前記金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面が、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物と、により被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子を得る複合ニッケルナノ粒子生成工程、
を備えている複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。 - 前記硫黄元素含有有機化合物が、メルカプト基、ジスルフィド基又はスルフィド基を含有する硫黄元素含有有機化合物である請求項1に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記硫黄元素含有有機化合物が、脂肪族チオール化合物である請求項1に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記脂肪族チオール化合物が、炭素数1~18の範囲内にある脂肪族チオール化合物である請求項3に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記硫黄元素含有有機化合物が、脂肪族ジスルフィド化合物である請求項1に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記脂肪族ジスルフィド化合物が、炭素数2~20の範囲内にある脂肪族ジスルフィド化合物である請求項5に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記硫黄元素含有有機化合物が、脂肪族メチルスルフィド化合物である請求項1に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記脂肪族メチルスルフィド化合物が、炭素数2~11の範囲内にある脂肪族メチルスルフィド化合物である請求項7に記載の複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 金属ニッケルナノ粒子の表面が、1級アミンと、硫黄元素又は硫黄元素含有有機化合物と、により被覆された複合ニッケルナノ粒子。
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JP2012193418A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 鉄酸化物を含有する金属複合ニッケルナノ粒子の製造方法及び鉄酸化物を含有する金属複合ニッケルナノ粒子 |
JP2013087308A (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-05-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | 金属ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP2014088603A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-15 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | 分散性ニッケル微粒子スラリーの製造方法 |
JP2014136826A (ja) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-28 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | 複合ニッケル微粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP2014145117A (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-14 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | ニッケル微粒子含有組成物及びその製造方法 |
WO2015156080A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-15 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | ニッケル粉末 |
JP2015198209A (ja) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-11-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 回路基板及びその製造方法 |
JP2020097026A (ja) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-06-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 表面配位子とのco2還元反応の生成物選択性の調整 |
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TWI655042B (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-04-01 | 日商Jx金屬股份有限公司 | 表面處理金屬粉、雷射燒結體之製造方法、製造雷射燒結用表面處理金屬粉之方法 |
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JP2014088603A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-15 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | 分散性ニッケル微粒子スラリーの製造方法 |
JP2014136826A (ja) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-28 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | 複合ニッケル微粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP2014145117A (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-14 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co Ltd | ニッケル微粒子含有組成物及びその製造方法 |
JP2015198209A (ja) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-11-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 回路基板及びその製造方法 |
WO2015156080A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-15 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | ニッケル粉末 |
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