WO2012121370A1 - シクロポリアリーレン化合物及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
シクロポリアリーレン化合物及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012121370A1 WO2012121370A1 PCT/JP2012/056116 JP2012056116W WO2012121370A1 WO 2012121370 A1 WO2012121370 A1 WO 2012121370A1 JP 2012056116 W JP2012056116 W JP 2012056116W WO 2012121370 A1 WO2012121370 A1 WO 2012121370A1
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- IBGUDZMIAZLJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc(c1ccccc11)ccc1Br Chemical compound Brc(c1ccccc11)ccc1Br IBGUDZMIAZLJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DORFYKIVMQZESO-IHLOFXLRSA-N O[C@@](C=C[C@@]1(c(c2c3cccc2)ccc3I)O)(c2c1cccc2)c(cc1)c(cccc2)c2c1Br Chemical compound O[C@@](C=C[C@@]1(c(c2c3cccc2)ccc3I)O)(c2c1cccc2)c(cc1)c(cccc2)c2c1Br DORFYKIVMQZESO-IHLOFXLRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
- C07C1/28—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms by ring closure
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- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
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- C07C39/12—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
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- C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
- C07C41/30—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by increasing the number of carbon atoms, e.g. by oligomerisation
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- C07C43/18—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/188—Unsaturated ethers
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- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/18—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/192—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen
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- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
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- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/10—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline
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- C07C2603/56—Ring systems containing bridged rings
- C07C2603/90—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing more than four rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cyclopolyarylene compound and a method for producing the same.
- a carbon nanotube having a structure in which a two-dimensional graphene sheet is wound in a cylindrical shape is known.
- carbon nanotubes have properties such as high conductivity, high mechanical strength, excellent elasticity, heat resistance, and lightness, they can be used in various fields such as chemistry, electronics, and life science. Application is expected.
- a method for producing a carbon nanotube for example, an arc discharge method, a laser fanes method, a chemical vapor deposition method and the like are known.
- an arc discharge method, a laser fanes method, a chemical vapor deposition method and the like are known.
- it is difficult to control the diameter and length of the tube and there is a problem that it can be obtained only with a mixture of carbon nanotubes having various diameters and lengths.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a mixture of cycloparaphenylene compounds having a ring structure in which 9, 12, or 18 benzene rings are linked using 1,4-diiodobenzene and benzoquinone as raw materials. Is described.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe a method for producing a cycloparaphenylene compound having a ring structure in which 12 benzene rings are regularly connected using 1,4-cyclohexanedione and 1,4-diiodobenzene. Is described.
- Non-Patent Document 4 describes a method for producing a cycloparaphenylene compound having a cyclic structure in which eight benzene rings are regularly connected by reductive elimination of a square biphenylene platinum complex with bromine.
- the cycloparaphenylene compound disclosed in the above non-patent document has a ring-shaped chemical structure in which a plurality of phenylene groups are linked by a single bond, and has interesting physical properties as the smallest structural unit of an armchair-type single-walled carbon nanotube. Have.
- cyclopolyarylene compound obtained by converting a phenylene group, which is a structural unit of a ring of the above-described cycloparaphenylene compound, into a divalent group of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
- cyclopolyarylene compound a compound obtained by converting a phenylene group, which is a structural unit of a ring of the above-described cycloparaphenylene compound, into a divalent group of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a cyclopolyarylene compound and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have found that the target compound can be easily synthesized in several steps using a readily available specific material as a raw material. As a result of further research based on this knowledge, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention includes the following cyclopolyarylene compounds or precursors thereof, and production methods thereof.
- Item 1 General formula (1):
- R is the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or hydroxyl-protecting group; k is the same or different; 0, 1 or 2 respectively; m is the same or different and is 1, 2 or 3 respectively. N represents 3, 4, 5 or 6.)
- Item 5. The compound according to Item 4, wherein in the general formula (2), all R are the same, all k are the same, and all m are the same.
- Item 6. General formula (1):
- R is the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or hydroxyl-protecting group; k is the same or different; 0, 1 or 2 respectively; m is the same or different and is 1, 2 or 3 respectively. N represents 3, 4, 5 or 6.
- X is the same or different and each is a halogen atom
- R is the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a hydroxyl-protecting group
- k is the same or different and 0, 1 or 2 respectively; The same or different, indicating 1, 2 or 3 respectively)
- the cyclopolyarylene compound represented by the general formula (1) can be produced in a short process and in a good yield using an easily available compound as a starting material.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3a) is obtained from the easily represented compound represented by the general formula (4) and the compound represented by the general formula (5). Since the compound represented by the general formula (3a) is selectively obtained in a cis configuration, the compound has a bent L-shape.
- the hydroxyl group of the compound represented by the general formula (3a) is alkylated or protected as necessary to convert it to a compound represented by the general formula (3b), and this is reacted (homogenized) in the presence of a transition metal compound. Cyclization is performed to obtain a cyclic compound represented by the general formula (2) corresponding to the 3, 4, 5 or hexamer of the compound.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3b) as the raw material has an L-shaped shape, the cyclization reaction proceeds efficiently.
- the obtained cyclopolyarylene compound represented by the general formula (1) is a novel compound, and has higher solubility in organic solvents and narrower HOMO than the cycloparaphenylene compounds described in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4.
- -It has a LOMO gap or the like. Therefore, it can be suitably used for an electronic material, a light emitting material, and the like.
- cyclopolyarylene compound represented by the general formula (1) is useful as a stable template or scaffold for selectively synthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNT) having a uniform diameter. Conceivable.
- FIG. 1 An example of a cycloparaphenylene compound is shown.
- n represents the number of phenylene groups.
- 3 is a diagram of an X-ray crystal structure analysis (ORTEP) of the compound obtained in Example 2.
- ORTEP X-ray crystal structure analysis
- the compound of this invention shown by General formula (1) may be a compound comprised only from the single repeating unit which satisfy
- the compound comprised from these repeating units may be sufficient.
- k are the same or different and are 0, 1 or 2, respectively. Each k may be the same or different, but is preferably the same. Further, k is preferably 0 or 1.
- m is the same or different and is 1, 2 or 3, respectively. Each m may be the same or different, but is preferably the same. Further, m is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1. That is, the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moiety in the general formula (6) is preferably naphthalene, anthracene, naphthacene, pentacene or the like, and is preferably naphthalene or anthracene.
- n is 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 3, 4 or 5, more preferably 3 or 4, and particularly preferably 3. That is, those having 9, 12, or 15 repeating units represented by the general formula (6) are preferable, those having 9 or 12 are more preferable, and those having 9 are particularly preferable.
- More preferable specific examples include the following compound (1a) in which all k is 0, all m is 1, and n is 3.
- the cyclopolyarylene compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the production method shown in the reaction formula 1.
- X is the same or different and each is a halogen atom
- R 1 is the same or different and each is an alkyl group or a hydroxyl protecting group
- R is the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a hydroxyl protecting group K, m and n are the same as above.
- halogen atom represented by X examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a bromine atom or an iodine atom is preferable.
- X may be the same or different, but is preferably the same.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 is, for example, a C1-6 alkyl group, preferably a C1-3 alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- the C3 or higher alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- Examples of the hydroxyl-protecting group represented by R 1 include an alkanoyl group (eg, a C1-4 alkanoyl group such as formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl), an optionally substituted aralkyl group (eg, benzyl group, p-methoxybenzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group, etc.), silyl group (eg trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group etc.), alkoxyalkyl group (eg methoxymethyl group etc.), tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group and the like.
- alkanoyl group eg, a C1-4 alkanoyl group such as formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl
- an optionally substituted aralkyl group eg, benzyl group, p-methoxybenzyl group, p-nitrobenz
- R 1 an alkyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- R 1 and a hydrogen atom (H) may be collectively referred to as R.
- This R is also preferably an alkyl group, particularly preferably a methyl group, as with R 1 .
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (4) include 1,4-dihalonaphthalene, 1,4-dihaloanthracene, 9,10-dihaloanthracene, 1,4-dihalonaphthacene, 5,12-dihalonaphthacene.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (5) include 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,4-anthracenedione, 9,10-anthracenedione, 1,4-naphthacenedione, and 5,12-naphthacenedione. Etc.
- the reaction can usually be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- a solvent examples include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane ( DME), diglyme, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), t-butyl methyl ether (TBME) and other ethers; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
- ethers particularly preferred is diethyl ether.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under anhydrous conditions. Further, the solvents used in the first step and the second step may be the same or different.
- Examples of the metal reagent that converts one of the halogen atoms (X) of the compound represented by the general formula (4) into a metal include a lithium reagent and a magnesium reagent.
- lithium reagent examples include metal lithium, alkyl lithium (for example, methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, etc.), phenyl lithium and the like.
- a halogen atom is lithiated using such a lithium reagent. Preferred is n-butyllithium.
- magnesium reagent examples include magnesium metal, alkyl magnesium halide (for example, isopropyl magnesium chloride, isopropyl magnesium bromide, etc.) and the like.
- a halogen atom is magnesiated using such a lithium reagent.
- it is isopropyl magnesium chloride.
- the amount of the metal reagent to be used is generally 1 to 1.5 mol, preferably 1 to 1.2 mol, more preferably 1 to 1.15 mol, per 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (4). .
- the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (5) is usually 0.1 to 0.6 mol, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (4). More preferably, it is 0.35 to 0.5 mol, particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.5 mol.
- metal salts such as cerium chloride, lithium chloride, magnesium bromide and copper chloride can be used.
- a side reaction can be suppressed or the solubility to the organic solvent of a reagent can be improved, and reaction can be accelerated
- a metal salt is used together with a lithium reagent among the above metal reagents, the effect is high.
- the amount used in the case of using a metal salt is usually 0.1 to 100 mol, preferably 0.5 to 20 mol, per 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (4).
- the reaction temperature can be appropriately selected from the range from ⁇ 100 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent (35 ° C. when the solvent is diethyl ether) in both the first step and the second step.
- the temperature is about ⁇ 100 ° C. to 0 ° C., preferably about ⁇ 80 ° C. to ⁇ 40 ° C.
- the reaction temperatures in the first step and the second step may be the same or different.
- the reaction is usually preferably carried out in an inert gas (for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.) atmosphere in both the first step and the second step.
- an inert gas for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.
- reaction time is not particularly limited, and both the first step and the second step are exemplified by 1 minute to 24 hours, for example.
- reaction mixture After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is subjected to isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like, and is subjected to normal purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like
- purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3a) obtained by the above reaction usually gives isomers having different configurations of the following cis isomer (3a-cis) and trans isomer (3a-trans). Selectively obtained.
- the cis-isomer can be easily obtained by the above isolation and purification means. Since the cis isomer (3a-cis) has a bent molecule and an L-shaped structure, it gives an annular product efficiently in the coupling reaction described below.
- the general formula (3a-cis) in the case of a compound in which all k are 0 and all m are 1, two condensed aromatic groups at the 1-position and 4-position of a 1,4-dihydronaphthalene ring Is about 70 °.
- the obtained compound represented by the general formula (3a) can be used for the next reaction as a mixture, and can be used for the next reaction by isolating and purifying the cis-isomer as necessary.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3b) is a compound represented by the general formula (3a) (particularly a compound represented by the general formula (3a-cis)) which is alkylated or protected with a hydroxyl protecting group. Can be manufactured.
- the alkylation reaction can be usually carried out by reacting an alkylating agent in the presence or absence of a solvent and in the presence of a base.
- solvents examples include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), diglyme, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), t-butyl methyl ether (TBME), and other ethers.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; Amides such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- ethers particularly preferred is tetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under anhydrous conditions.
- Examples of the base include alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, calcium hydride and lithium hydride; alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkali metals such as sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide Alkoxides; triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonene-5 (DBN), pyridine, etc. Examples thereof include nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Alkali metal hydride is preferable, and sodium hydride is particularly preferable.
- a C1-6 alkylating agent is usually preferable, and examples thereof include alkyl halides (eg, methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, etc.), dialkyl sulfates (eg, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, etc.), alkyl triflates, Examples thereof include alkyl tosylate.
- alkyl halides eg, methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, etc.
- dialkyl sulfates eg, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, etc.
- alkyl triflates examples thereof include alkyl tosylate.
- Alkyl halides are preferable, and methyl iodide is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the base used is usually about 2 to 50 mol, preferably about 2 to 30 mol, more preferably about 2 to 15 mol, per 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (3a).
- the amount of the alkylating agent to be used is generally about 2 to 50 mol, preferably about 2 to 30 mol, more preferably about 2 to 15 mol, per 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (3a).
- the reaction temperature can usually be appropriately selected from the range from ⁇ 50 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent. Preferably, it is ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent.
- the reaction is usually preferably carried out in an inert gas (for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.) atmosphere.
- an inert gas for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1 minute to 100 hours.
- the reaction for protecting with a hydroxyl-protecting group is a known method that can introduce a hydroxyl-protecting group (for example, an alkanoyl group, an aralkyl group which may be substituted, a silyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, etc.). It can be carried out using a protection reaction.
- a hydroxyl-protecting group for example, an alkanoyl group, an aralkyl group which may be substituted, a silyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, etc.
- reaction mixture After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is subjected to isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like, and is subjected to normal purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like
- purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3b) obtained by the above reaction is a mixture of a cis isomer and a trans isomer
- the cis isomer (3b-cis) and the trans isomer ( 3b-trans) isomers having different configurations are given, but only the cis isomer can be obtained by the above-mentioned isolation means.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3a) and the compound represented by the general formula (3b) can be combined and represented as a compound represented by the general formula (3). Both compounds represented by the general formula (3) can be subjected to the following reaction.
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) is usually represented by the compound represented by the general formula (3) (preferably the general formula (3b-cis) in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a transition metal compound.
- Compound can be produced by reaction (homocoupling reaction).
- transition metal compound examples include a compound containing a group 10 transition metal (Ni, Pd, Pt), and a compound containing nickel (Ni) is preferable.
- a compound containing Ni a compound (salt or complex) of zero-valent Ni (0) or divalent Ni (II) is preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Ni (0) compound examples include bis (1,5-cyclooctadiene) nickel (0) (Ni (cod) 2 ), bis (triphenylphosphine) nickel dicarbonyl, nickel carbonyl, and the like.
- Ni (II) compounds include nickel acetate (II), nickel trifluoroacetate (II), nickel nitrate (II), nickel chloride (II), nickel bromide (II), nickel (II) acetyl. Acetonate, nickel (II) perchlorate, nickel (II) citrate, nickel (II) oxalate, nickel (II) cyclohexanebutyrate, nickel (II) benzoate, nickel (II) stearate, nickel stearate ( II), nickel sulfamine (II), nickel carbonate (II), nickel thiocyanate (II), nickel trifluoromethanesulfonate (II), bis (1,5-cyclooctadiene) nickel (II), bis (4- Diethylaminodithiobenzyl) nickel (II), nickel (II) cyanide, Nickel (II) boride, nickel (II) boride, nickel (II)
- the compound of zero-valent Ni (0) and divalent Ni (II) preferably a compound of zero-valent Ni (0), particularly preferably bis (1,5-cyclooctadiene) nickel (0). is there.
- the zero-valent Ni (0) or divalent Ni (II) compound a compound in which a ligand is coordinated in advance may be used.
- the amount of the transition metal compound used is usually 0.01 to 50 mol, preferably 0.1 to 10 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (3) of the raw material. -5 mol, particularly preferably 1-3 mol.
- a ligand capable of coordinating with the fiber metal (nickel (nickel atom), etc.) constituting the transition metal compound can be used.
- the ligand include carboxylic acid, amide, phosphine, oxime, sulfonic acid, 1,3-diketone, Schiff base, oxazoline, diamine, carbon monoxide, carbene, and the like. Examples include quantifiers. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Coordination atoms in the above ligand are a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and the like.
- ligands include a monodentate ligand having only one coordination atom and a polydentate having two or more. There are bidentate ligands. In addition, carbon monoxide and carbene are ligands having a carbon atom as a coordination atom.
- Examples of the monodentate ligand include triphenylphosphine, trimethoxyphosphine, triethylphosphine, tri (i-propyl) phosphine, tri (tert-butyl) phosphine, tri (n-butyl) phosphine, tri (isopropoxy) phosphine , Tri (cyclopentyl) phosphine, tri (cyclohexyl) phosphine, tri (ortho-tolyl) phosphine, tri (mesityl) phosphine, tri (phenoxy) phosphine, tri- (2-furyl) phosphine, bis (p-sulfonate phenyl) Examples include potassium phenylphosphine, di (tert-butyl) methylphosphine, methyldiphenylphosphine, dimethylphenylphosphine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like.
- bidentate ligand examples include 2,2′-bipyridyl, 4,4 ′-(tert-butyl) bipyridyl, phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyrimidyl, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2].
- Octane 2- (dimethylamino) ethanol, tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N'-dimethylethylenediamine, 2-aminomethylpyridine, or (NE) -N- (pyridin-2-ylmethylidene) aniline 1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene, 1,1′-bis (tert-butyl) ferrocene, diphenylphosphinomethane, 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, 1,3-bis ( Diphenylphosphino) propane, 1,5-bis (diphenylphosphino) pentane, 1,2 Bis (dipentafluorophenylphosphino) ethane, 1,2-bis (dicyclohexylphosphino) ethane, 1,3- (dicyclohexylphosphino) propane, 1,2-bis (di-ter
- the BINAP includes a derivative of BINAP (2,2′-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1′-binaphthyl), and specific examples include 2,2′-bis (diphenylphosphino). -1,1′-binaphthyl, 2,2′-bis (di-p-tolylphosphino) -1,1′-binaphthyl, 2,2′-bis (di-p-tertiary butylphenylphosphino) -1 , 1′-binaphthyl, 2,2′-bis (di-m-tolylphosphino) -1,1′-binaphthyl, 2,2′-bis (di-3,5-dimethylphenylphosphino) -1,1 ′ -Binaphthyl, 2,2'-bis (di-p-methoxyphenylphosphino) -1,1'-binaph
- the BIPHEMMP includes a derivative of BIPHEM (2,2′-dimethyl-6,6′-bis (diphenylphosphino) biphenyl), and specific examples include 2,2′-dimethyl-6,6. '-Bis (diphenylphosphino-1,1'-biphenyl, 2,2'-dimethyl-6,6'-bis (dicyclohexylphosphino) -1,1'-biphenyl, 2,2'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bis (dimethylamino) -6,6'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1'-biphenyl, 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetramethyl-6,6'-bis (diphenylphos Fino) -1,1′-biphenyl, 2,2′-dimethoxy-6,6′-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1′-biphenyl, 2,2 ′,
- 2,2'-bipyridyl is preferred.
- the amount used is usually 0.01 to 50 mol, preferably 0.1 to 10 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (3) of the raw material.
- the amount is preferably 0.5 to 5 mol, particularly preferably 1 to 3 mol.
- reaction solvent to be used examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and heptane; aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and dichloroethane; aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene.
- ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, dimethoxyethane (DME), cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane; ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate Esters such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Sulfoxide (DMSO) and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Ethers or amides are preferable, and tetrahydrofuran or dimethylformamide is particularly preferable.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under anhydrous conditions.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 1 to 1000 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the compound represented by the general formula (3).
- the reaction temperature is usually selected from the range of 0 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the reaction solvent.
- the reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably an inert gas atmosphere, and may be an argon gas atmosphere, a nitrogen gas atmosphere, or the like. An air atmosphere can also be used.
- reaction mixture After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is subjected to isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like, and is subjected to normal purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like
- purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- solvents examples include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), diglyme, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), t-butyl methyl ether (TBME), and other ethers.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under anhydrous conditions.
- the reducing agent examples include metallic lithium, metallic sodium, metallic potassium, metallic magnesium, tin (II) chloride, and the like.
- metallic lithium metallic sodium, metallic potassium, metallic magnesium, tin (II) chloride, and the like.
- metallic lithium metallic sodium, metallic potassium, metallic magnesium, tin (II) chloride, and the like.
- metallic lithium metallic lithium.
- the amount of the reducing agent to be used is generally 1 to 500 mol, preferably 5 to 300 mol, per 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the reaction temperature is usually selected from the range of 0 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the reaction solvent.
- the reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably an inert gas atmosphere, and may be an argon gas atmosphere, a nitrogen gas atmosphere, or the like. An air atmosphere can also be used.
- reaction mixture After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is subjected to isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like, and is subjected to normal purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- isolation means such as normal filtration, concentration, extraction and the like
- purification means such as column chromatography and recrystallization as necessary to isolate and react the reaction product. Can be purified.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) has a ring shape with n of 3, 4, 5, and 6, but has an axial asymmetry (axial chirality) when n is an odd number.
- the cyclopolyarylene compounds represented by the general formula (1) (n is 3, 4, 5, and 6) can be easily produced.
- the NMR measurement in the examples was performed with a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus “A-400” (model name) manufactured by JEOL.
- a 200 mL two-necked round bottom flask containing a stir bar was heat-dried under reduced pressure, cooled to room temperature, and then filled with argon.
- a solution of compound 1 (200 mg, 350 ⁇ mol) in dry THF (3.5 mL) was added to a mixture of sodium hydride (60% oil suspension, 108 mg, 2.45 mmol) and dry THF (6 mL) at 0 ° C. And slowly added.
- methyl iodide (170 ⁇ L, 2.73 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at 54 ° C. for 2.5 days.
- the Schlenk tube containing the stirrer was heat-dried under reduced pressure, cooled to room temperature, and then filled with argon.
- compound 2 (50.0 mg, 83.3 ⁇ mol), Ni (cod) 2 (50.8 mg, 183 ⁇ mol), 2,2'-bipyridyl (29.2 mg, 194 ⁇ mol) and dry THF (3 mL) were schlenk. Added to the tube. The mixture was stirred under pressure for 2 hours under reflux. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL ⁇ 3).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
項1.一般式(1):
で表されるシクロポリアリーレン化合物。
項2.一般式(1)において、全てのkが同一であり、且つ、全てのmが同一である、項1に記載のシクロポリアリーレン化合物。
項3.一般式(1)において、全てのkが0又は1であり、全てのmが1又は2であり、nが3又は4である項1又は2に記載のシクロポリアリーレン化合物。
項4.一般式(2):
で表される化合物。
項5.一般式(2)において、全てのRが同一であり、全てのkが同一であり、且つ、全てのmが同一である、項4に記載の化合物。
項6.一般式(1):
で表されるシクロポリアリーレン化合物の製造方法であって、
一般式(2):
で表される化合物を芳香族化させる工程
を備える、製造方法。
項7.項6に記載の製造方法であって、
遷移金属化合物の存在下に、一般式(3):
で表される化合物を反応させて、一般式(2)で表される化合物を製造する工程
を備える、製造方法。
項8.一般式(2):
で表される化合物の製造方法であって、
遷移金属化合物の存在下に、一般式(3):
で表される化合物を反応させる工程
を備える、製造方法。
項9.一般式(3):
で表される化合物。
で表されるシクロポリアリーレン化合物は、一般式(6):
で表される繰り返し単位が連なった輪状構造を有する化合物を意味する。なお、一般式(1)で示される本発明の化合物は、前記一般式(6)を満たす単独の繰り返し単位のみから構成される化合物であってもよいし、前記一般式(6)を満たす複数の繰り返し単位から構成される化合物であってもよい。
一般式(3a)で表される化合物は、一般式(4)で表される化合物のハロゲン原子(X)の1つを金属試薬により金属に変換し(第1工程;ハロゲン-金属交換反応)、これにより得られた化合物と一般式(5)で表される化合物とを反応させる(第2工程)ことにより製造することができる。
一般式(3b)で表される化合物は、一般式(3a)で表される化合物(特に、一般式(3a-cis)で表される化合物)の水酸基をアルキル化又は水酸基の保護基で保護することにより製造することができる。
一般式(2)で表される化合物は、通常、溶媒の存在下、遷移金属化合物の存在下、一般式(3)で表される化合物(好ましくは一般式(3b-cis)で表される化合物)を反応(ホモカップリング反応)させて製造することができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物(シクロポリアリーレン化合物)は、通常、溶媒の存在下、還元剤の存在下、一般式(2)で表される化合物を還元(具体的には、還元的芳香族化)して製造することができる。
化合物1の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.52 (br, 2H), 6.58 (s, 2H), 6.84 (br, 2H), 7.05 (s, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J = 7 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (dd, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (br, 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (br, 2H), 8.39 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H).
化合物2の合成(メチル化反応)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.35 (s, 6H), 6.73 (s, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (dd, J = 3 Hz, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (dd, J = 3 Hz, J = 6 Hz, 2H) 8.28 (dd, J = 1 Hz, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 8.85 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2H).
化合物2のX線結晶構造解析の結果を表1に示し、ORTEPを図2に示す。
化合物3の合成(ホモカップリング反応)
1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.35 (s, 4H) 3.38 (s, 4H), 3.39 (s, 4H), 3.43 (s, 4H), 3.44 (s, 4H), 3.47 (s, 4H), 6.58 (d, J = 10 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 7 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1H), 6.95-7.83 (m, < 60 H), 8.08 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 9.06 (d, J = 9 Hz, 1H), 9.10 (d, J = 9 Hz, 1H), 9.16 (t, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 9.68 (d, J = 9 Hz, 1H); LRMS (FAB-MS) m/z calcd. for C96H72O6 [M]+: 1320.53, found: 1320.
化合物[9]シクロナフチレン([9]CN)の合成(還元的芳香族化反応)
1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.33 (s, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 5 Hz, 8H), 7.16 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J = 7 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.34 (t, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (t, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J = 10 Hz, 5H), 7.75 (d, J = 10 Hz, 2H), 8.33 (dd, J = 4 Hz, J = 6 Hz, 2H) 8.45 (d, J = 4 Hz, 2H), 8.50 (dd, J = 4 Hz, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 8.54 (dd, J = 4 Hz, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 8.58 (d, J = 10 Hz, 3H), 8.61 (d, J = 7 Hz, 3H) 8.78 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H); HRMS (MALDI TOF-MS) m/z calcd. for C90H54 [M]+: 1134.42, found: 1134.27.
Claims (9)
- 一般式(1)において、全てのkが同一であり、且つ、全てのmが同一である、請求項1に記載のシクロポリアリーレン化合物。
- 一般式(1)において、全てのkが0又は1であり、全てのmが1又は2であり、nが3又は4である請求項1又は2に記載のシクロポリアリーレン化合物。
- 一般式(2)において、全てのRが同一であり、全てのkが同一であり、且つ、全てのmが同一である、請求項4に記載の化合物。
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WO2015111611A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | シクロパラフェニレン化合物およびその製造方法並びに中間体化合物 |
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US10934290B2 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2021-03-02 | University Of Oregon | Donor-acceptor nanohoop compounds and methods of making and using the same |
US10654780B2 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-05-19 | University Of Oregon | Halogenated nanohoop compounds and methods of making and using the same |
US11555820B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2023-01-17 | University Of Oregon | Nanohoop compounds for use in biotechnology and methods of making and using the same |
US11142500B2 (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2021-10-12 | University Of Oregon | Nanohoop compound embodiments comprising meta-substitution and molecular systems comprising the same |
US11505644B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2022-11-22 | University Of Oregon | Polymer embodiments comprising nanohoop-containing polymer backbones and methods of making and using the same |
US11739178B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2023-08-29 | University Of Oregon | Nanohoop-functionalized polymer embodiments and methods of making and using the same |
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WO2015111611A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | シクロパラフェニレン化合物およびその製造方法並びに中間体化合物 |
JPWO2015111611A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-22 | 2017-03-23 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | シクロパラフェニレン化合物およびその製造方法並びに中間体化合物 |
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