WO2012111575A1 - n型拡散層形成組成物、n型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
n型拡散層形成組成物、n型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012111575A1 WO2012111575A1 PCT/JP2012/053182 JP2012053182W WO2012111575A1 WO 2012111575 A1 WO2012111575 A1 WO 2012111575A1 JP 2012053182 W JP2012053182 W JP 2012053182W WO 2012111575 A1 WO2012111575 A1 WO 2012111575A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P32/00—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P32/10—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers
- H10P32/19—Diffusion sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P32/00—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P32/10—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers
- H10P32/14—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers within a single semiconductor body or layer in a solid phase; between different semiconductor bodies or layers, both in a solid phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P32/00—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P32/10—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers
- H10P32/14—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers within a single semiconductor body or layer in a solid phase; between different semiconductor bodies or layers, both in a solid phase
- H10P32/1408—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers within a single semiconductor body or layer in a solid phase; between different semiconductor bodies or layers, both in a solid phase from or through or into an external applied layer, e.g. photoresist or nitride layers
- H10P32/141—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers within a single semiconductor body or layer in a solid phase; between different semiconductor bodies or layers, both in a solid phase from or through or into an external applied layer, e.g. photoresist or nitride layers the applied layer comprising oxides only
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- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P32/00—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P32/10—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers
- H10P32/17—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers characterised by the semiconductor material
- H10P32/171—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers characterised by the semiconductor material being group IV material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an n-type diffusion layer forming composition, a method for producing an n-type diffusion layer, and a method for producing a solar battery cell. More specifically, the present invention relates to an n-type diffusion in a specific portion of a silicon substrate which is a semiconductor substrate. The present invention relates to a technique capable of forming a layer.
- a p-type silicon substrate having a textured structure is prepared so as to promote the light confinement effect and increase the efficiency.
- a mixed gas atmosphere of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ), nitrogen, and oxygen is used at 800 ° C. to An n-type diffusion layer is uniformly formed by performing several tens of minutes at 900 ° C.
- n-type diffusion layers are formed not only on the surface but also on the side surface and the back surface. Therefore, a side etching process for removing the side n-type diffusion layer is necessary.
- the n-type diffusion layer on the back surface needs to be converted into a p + -type diffusion layer. Therefore, after applying an aluminum paste containing aluminum as a group 13 element on the n-type diffusion layer on the back surface, heat treatment is performed, and at the same time the n-type diffusion layer is converted to the p + -type diffusion layer by the diffusion of aluminum. , Got ohmic contact.
- an n-type diffusion layer is formed by applying a solution containing a phosphate such as phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ).
- a phosphate such as phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ).
- P 2 O 5 phosphorus pentoxide
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- n-type diffusion layer in the gas phase reaction using phosphorus oxychloride, not only one surface (usually the light receiving surface, the surface) that originally requires the n-type diffusion layer but also the other surface ( An n-type diffusion layer is also formed on the non-light-receiving surface, back surface) and side surfaces. Further, even in the method of applying a solution containing phosphate and thermally diffusing, an n-type diffusion layer is formed on the surface other than the surface as in the gas phase reaction method. Therefore, in order to have a pn junction structure as an element, it is necessary to perform etching on the side surface and convert the n-type diffusion layer to the p-type diffusion layer on the back surface. In general, an aluminum paste which is a Group 13 element is applied to the back surface and fired to convert the n-type diffusion layer into a p-type diffusion layer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and in a manufacturing process of a solar battery cell using a crystalline silicon substrate, an n-type diffusion is performed in a specific portion without forming an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer.
- An object is to provide an n-type diffusion layer forming composition capable of forming a layer, a method for producing an n-type diffusion layer forming composition, a method for producing an n-type diffusion layer, and a method for producing a solar battery cell.
- Means for solving the problems are as follows. ⁇ 1> containing a dispersion medium and glass powder containing at least one selected from ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO and P 2 O 5 ; n-type diffusion layer forming composition.
- n-type diffusion layer forming composition according to ⁇ 1> wherein the glass powder contains 30% by mass to 90% by mass of P 2 O 5 .
- a method for producing an n-type diffusion layer comprising: a step of applying the n-type diffusion layer forming composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, and a step of performing a thermal diffusion treatment.
- ⁇ 5> A step of applying the n-type diffusion layer forming composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3> on the semiconductor substrate and a thermal diffusion treatment to form an n-type diffusion layer
- the manufacturing method of the photovoltaic cell which has a process to do.
- an n-type diffusion layer capable of forming an n-type diffusion layer in a specific portion without forming an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer in a manufacturing process of a solar battery cell using a crystalline silicon substrate.
- a forming composition can be provided.
- the manufacturing method of the n type diffused layer using this n type diffused layer formation composition and the manufacturing method of a photovoltaic cell can be provided.
- FIG. 2A It is sectional drawing which shows notionally an example of the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell of this invention. It is the top view which looked at the photovoltaic cell from the surface. It is a perspective view which expands and shows a part of FIG. 2A.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention will be described, and then an n-type diffusion layer using the n-type diffusion layer forming composition and a method for producing a solar battery cell will be described.
- the term “process” is not limited to an independent process, and even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, the term “process” is used as long as the intended action of the process is achieved. included.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after that as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition means the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless there is a specific notice when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention contains glass powder and a dispersion medium, and may further contain other additives as required in consideration of applicability and the like.
- the glass powder includes P 2 O 5 which is a phosphorus component as a donor element-containing material, and is selected from ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MgO, CaO, and BaO as a glass component material. Including at least one kind.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition refers to a material that contains a donor element and can form an n-type diffusion layer by thermally diffusing the donor element after being applied to a silicon substrate.
- P phosphorus
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention an n-type diffusion layer is formed only at a desired site, and an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer is not formed on the back surface or side surface.
- the composition for forming an n-type diffusion layer of the present invention is applied, the side etching step that is essential in the gas phase reaction method that has been widely employed is not required, and the process is simplified. Further, the process of converting the n-type diffusion layer into the p + -type diffusion layer on the back surface is not necessary. Therefore, the method for forming the p + -type diffusion layer on the back surface and the material, shape, and thickness of the back electrode are not limited, and the choice of manufacturing method, material, and shape to be applied is widened. Although details will be described later, generation of internal stress in the silicon substrate due to the thickness of the back electrode is suppressed, and warpage of the silicon substrate is also suppressed.
- the glass powder contained in the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention fuse
- a glass layer is formed on the n-type diffusion layer in the conventional gas phase reaction method and the method of applying a phosphate-containing solution, and thus the glass layer produced in the present invention is the same as the conventional method. Further, it can be removed by etching. Therefore, the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention does not generate unnecessary products and does not increase the number of steps as compared with the conventional method.
- the glass powder suppresses the volatilization of the donor element even during firing. Therefore, the generation of the volatilized gas containing the donor element causes the n-type diffusion layer not only to the front but also to the back and side surfaces. Is prevented from being formed. The reason for this is considered that the donor component is bonded to an element in the glass powder or is taken into the glass, and thus it is difficult to volatilize.
- n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention as described above, P 2 O 5 is used as the donor element-containing material, and ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, At least one selected from MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO is used.
- ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, At least one selected from MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO is used.
- phosphorus oxide has a high solubility in water, it is considered that when the glass powder contained in the n-type diffusion layer forming composition absorbs moisture, phosphorus oxide reacts with water to generate phosphoric acid.
- the phosphoric acid is evaporated by heating, and the evaporated phosphoric acid is diffused into the n-type diffusion on the back surface of the substrate.
- an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer may be formed by adhering to a portion where the layer forming composition is not applied.
- the water resistance of the n-type diffusion layer forming composition is improved. Therefore, it is considered that formation of an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer due to moisture absorption of the glass powder is suppressed. That is, since the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention has the above-described configuration, for example, even if the n-type diffusion layer is formed after storage in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the water resistance is high. Thus, the n-type diffusion layer is selectively formed.
- ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO may be collectively referred to as “water resistance improving glass component substance”.
- the glass powder according to the present invention includes P 2 O 5 that is a phosphorus component as a donor element-containing material, and includes at least one of the above water resistance improving glass component materials as a glass component material.
- P (phosphorus) contained in P 2 O 5 which is a donor element-containing substance is a kind of element (donor element) that can form an n-type diffusion layer by doping into a silicon substrate.
- donor element element
- it is a suitable element from the viewpoints of safety, easiness of vitrification and the like.
- the glass component substance at least one of the above water resistance-enhancing glass component substances is used. You may use 2 or more types of water resistance improvement glass component substances.
- a glass component substance other than the water resistance-enhancing glass component substance hereinafter sometimes referred to as “other glass component substance” may be used in combination. It is possible to control water resistance, melting temperature, softening point, glass transition point, chemical durability, and the like by using the water resistance improving glass component material in combination with other glass component materials.
- glass component materials examples include SiO 2 , K 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O, BeO, PbO, CdO, SnO, MoO 3 , La 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5. , Y 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , TeO 2, and Lu 2 O 3 .
- SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and La 2 O 3 are more preferable from the viewpoint of water resistance.
- Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Li 2 O that may cause a decrease in water resistance are 5% by mass or less of the entire glass powder from the viewpoint of water resistance. It is preferable that it is present, and it is more preferable not to include it.
- the content ratio of P 2 O 5 is preferably 30% by mass to 90% by mass, and more preferably 35% by mass to 85% by mass.
- the glass powder include, for example, P 2 O 5 —ZrO 2 system, P 2 O 5 —Al 2 O 3 system, P 2 O 5 —TiO 2 system, P 2 O 5 —ZnO system, and P 2 O.
- 5 -MgO-based, P 2 O 5 -CaO-based, P 2 O 5 -BaO include P 2 O 3 -SrO based glass.
- P 2 O 5 —Al 2 O 3 —ZnO, P 2 O 5 —CaO—SiO 2 or the like may be used as required.
- the content ratio of the glass component substance (that is, the water resistance improving glass component substance and other glass component substances) in the glass powder is appropriately determined in consideration of water resistance, melting temperature, softening point, glass transition point, and chemical durability. It is desirable to set, and generally it is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less. Further, the content ratio of the water resistance improving glass component substance in the glass powder is preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less from the viewpoint of water resistance, and 5% by mass or more. 30 mass or less is still more preferable. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of water resistance, the content of the water resistance-enhancing glass component substance is preferably 0.05 times or more and 2 times or less, more preferably 0.1 times or more and 1 time or less of the content of the donor element-containing material.
- the content ratio of CaO is preferably 1% by mass to 50% by mass, and preferably 5% by mass to 30% by mass. Is more preferable.
- the softening point of the glass powder is preferably 200 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 300 ° C. to 900 ° C., from the viewpoints of diffusibility during the diffusion treatment and dripping.
- the glass powder preferably has a volume average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the glass powder is more desirably 50 ⁇ m or less. 10 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the volume average particle diameter of the glass powder is not particularly limited, but in view of the dispersibility of coating and the production cost of the glass powder, 0.01 ⁇ m or more is preferable, 0.1 ⁇ m or more is more preferable, and 0.5 ⁇ m The above is more preferable.
- the frequency distribution of the glass powder is measured, for example, by using a particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc., model number: LS13320) as a measuring device, and measuring a dispersion in which the glass powder is dispersed in a solvent (eg, water) Is obtained.
- a particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc., model number: LS13320
- Examples of the shape of the glass powder include a substantially spherical shape, a flat shape, a block shape, a plate shape, a scale shape, and the like. From the viewpoint of the application property to the substrate and the uniform diffusibility when it is an n-type diffusion layer forming composition, It is desirable to have a substantially spherical shape, a flat shape, or a plate shape.
- the glass powder is produced by the following procedure. First, raw materials, for example, the donor element-containing material and the glass component material are weighed and filled in a crucible.
- the material for the crucible include platinum, platinum-rhodium, iridium, alumina, quartz, carbon, and the like, and are appropriately selected in consideration of the melting temperature, atmosphere, reactivity with the molten material, and the like.
- it is heated at a temperature according to the glass composition in an electric furnace to obtain a melt. At this time, it is desirable to stir the melt uniformly. Subsequently, the melt that has become uniform is poured onto a zirconia substrate, a carbon substrate, or the like to vitrify the melt. Finally, the glass is crushed into powder.
- a known method such as a jet mill, a bead mill, or a ball mill can be applied to the pulverization.
- the content ratio of the glass powder in the n-type diffusion layer forming composition is determined in consideration of coating properties, diffusibility of the donor element, and the like.
- the content ratio of the glass powder in the n-type diffusion layer forming composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less.
- the dispersion medium is a medium in which the glass powder is dispersed in the composition. Specifically, a binder, a solvent, or the like is employed as the dispersion medium.
- binder examples include dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, polyvinylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly (meth) acrylic acids, polyethylene oxides, polysulfonic acid, acrylamide alkyl sulfonic acid, and cellulose ether.
- Cellulose derivatives carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, gelatin, starch and starch derivatives, sodium alginate, xanthan, gua and gua derivatives, scleroglucan and scleroglucan derivatives, tragacanth and tragacanth derivatives, dextrin and dextrin derivatives, Acrylic resin, acrylic ester resin, butadiene resin, styrene resin and their Coalescence, and can appropriately select such as silicon dioxide. These are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the molecular weight of the binder is not particularly limited, and it is desirable to adjust appropriately in view of the desired viscosity as the composition.
- the solvent examples include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-n-propyl ketone, methyl-iso-propyl ketone, methyl-n-butyl ketone, methyl-iso-butyl ketone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl-n-hexyl ketone, Ketone solvents such as diethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, di-iso-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone; diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl -N-propyl ether, di-iso-propyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethyldioxane,
- Aprotic polar solvent methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec -Pentanol, t-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, sec-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol , Sec-octanol, n-nonyl alcohol, n-decanol, sec-undecyl alcohol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, sec-tetradecyl alcohol, sec-heptadecyl alcohol, phenol, cyclohexanol, methyl
- the content ratio of the dispersion medium in the n-type diffusion layer forming composition is determined in consideration of applicability and donor concentration (P (phosphorus) concentration).
- the viscosity of the n-type diffusion layer forming composition is preferably 10 mPa ⁇ S or more and 1000000 mPa ⁇ S or less, more preferably 50 mPa ⁇ S or more and 500000 mPa ⁇ S or less in consideration of applicability.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view conceptually showing an example of a manufacturing process of a solar battery cell according to the present invention.
- common constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- an alkaline solution is applied to crystalline silicon as the p-type semiconductor substrate 10 to remove the damaged layer, and a texture structure is obtained by etching.
- the damaged layer on the silicon surface generated when slicing from the ingot is removed with 20% by mass caustic soda.
- etching is performed with a mixed solution of 1% by mass caustic soda and 10% by mass isopropyl alcohol to form a texture structure (the description of the texture structure is omitted in the figure).
- a texture structure on the light receiving surface (front surface) side, a light confinement effect is promoted and high efficiency is achieved.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition layer 11 is formed by applying the n-type diffusion layer forming composition to the surface of the p-type semiconductor substrate 10, that is, the surface that becomes the light receiving surface.
- the coating method is not limited, and examples thereof include a printing method, a spin method, a brush coating, a spray method, a doctor blade method, a roll coater method, and an ink jet method.
- the coating amount of the n-type diffusion layer forming composition is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 10 g / m 2 to 250 g / m 2, and preferably 20 g / m 2 to 150 g / m 2. .
- a drying step for volatilizing the solvent contained in the composition may be necessary after coating.
- drying is performed at a temperature of about 80 to 300 ° C. for about 1 to 10 minutes when using a hot plate and about 10 to 30 minutes when using a dryer or the like.
- the drying conditions depend on the solvent composition of the n-type diffusion layer forming composition, and are not particularly limited to the above conditions in the present invention.
- the manufacturing method of the p + -type diffusion layer (high concentration electric field layer) 14 on the back surface is limited to a method by conversion from an n-type diffusion layer to a p-type diffusion layer with aluminum. Therefore, any conventionally known method can be adopted, and the options of the manufacturing method are expanded. Therefore, for example, the high-concentration electric field layer 14 can be formed by applying the composition 13 containing a Group 13 element such as B (boron).
- the semiconductor substrate 10 on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition layer 11 is formed is subjected to thermal diffusion treatment at 600 to 1200 ° C.
- the donor element diffuses into the semiconductor substrate, and the n-type diffusion layer 12 is formed.
- a known continuous furnace, batch furnace, or the like can be applied to the thermal diffusion treatment. Further, the furnace atmosphere during the thermal diffusion treatment can be appropriately adjusted to air, oxygen, nitrogen or the like.
- the thermal diffusion treatment time can be appropriately selected according to the content of the donor element contained in the n-type diffusion layer forming composition. For example, it can be 1 to 60 minutes, and more preferably 2 to 30 minutes.
- a glass layer such as phosphate glass is formed on the surface of the formed n-type diffusion layer 12, this phosphate glass is removed by etching.
- etching a known method such as a method of immersing in an acid such as hydrofluoric acid or a method of immersing in an alkali such as caustic soda can be applied.
- n-type diffusion layer 12 In the method for forming an n-type diffusion layer of the present invention in which the n-type diffusion layer 12 is formed using the n-type diffusion layer forming composition 11 of the present invention shown in FIGS. Only the n-type diffusion layer 12 is formed, and unnecessary n-type diffusion layers are not formed on the back surface and side surfaces. Therefore, in the conventional method of forming an n-type diffusion layer by a gas phase reaction method, a side etching process for removing an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer formed on a side surface is essential. According to the manufacturing method of the invention, the side etching process is not required, and the process is simplified.
- n-type diffusion layer formed on the back surface it is necessary to convert an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer formed on the back surface into a p-type diffusion layer.
- a group 13 element is added to the n-type diffusion layer on the back surface.
- a method is adopted in which an aluminum paste is applied and baked to diffuse aluminum into the n-type diffusion layer and convert it into a p-type diffusion layer.
- an aluminum amount of a certain amount or more is required in order to sufficiently convert to the p-type diffusion layer and to form a high concentration electric field layer of p + layer. Therefore, the aluminum layer is formed thick. There was a need.
- n-type diffusion layer since an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer is not formed on the back surface, it is not necessary to perform conversion from the n-type diffusion layer to the p-type diffusion layer, and the necessity of increasing the thickness of the aluminum layer is eliminated. . As a result, generation of internal stress and warpage in the silicon substrate can be suppressed. As a result, an increase in power loss and cell damage can be suppressed.
- the manufacturing method of the p + -type diffusion layer (high concentration electric field layer) 14 on the back surface is limited to a method by conversion from an n-type diffusion layer to a p-type diffusion layer with aluminum. Therefore, any conventionally known method can be adopted, and the options of the manufacturing method are expanded.
- the material used for the back surface electrode 20 is not limited to Group 13 aluminum, and for example, Ag (silver), Cu (copper), or the like can be applied. In addition, it can be formed thinner than the conventional one.
- an antireflection film 16 is formed on the n-type diffusion layer 12.
- the antireflection film 16 is formed by applying a known technique.
- the antireflection film 16 is a silicon nitride film, it is formed by a plasma CVD method using a mixed gas of SiH 4 and NH 3 as a raw material. At this time, hydrogen diffuses into the crystal, and orbits that do not contribute to the bonding of silicon atoms, that is, dangling bonds and hydrogen are combined to inactivate defects (hydrogen passivation).
- the mixed gas flow ratio NH 3 / SiH 4 is 0.05 to 1.0
- the pressure in the reaction chamber is 0.1 to 2 Torr (13.3 to 266.6 Pa)
- the temperature during film formation Is formed under the conditions of 300 to 550 ° C. and a frequency for plasma discharge of 100 kHz or more.
- a surface electrode metal paste is printed, applied and dried by a screen printing method on the antireflection film 16 on the surface (light receiving surface) to form the surface electrode 18.
- the metal paste for a surface electrode contains (1) metal particles and (2) glass particles as essential components, and includes (3) a resin binder and (4) other additives as necessary.
- the back electrode 20 is also formed on the high-concentration electric field layer 14 on the back surface.
- the material and forming method of the back electrode 20 are not particularly limited.
- the back electrode 20 may be formed by applying and drying a back electrode paste containing a metal such as aluminum, silver, or copper.
- a silver paste for forming a silver electrode may be partially provided on the back surface for connection between cells in the module process.
- the electrode is fired to complete the solar cell.
- the antireflection film 16 that is an insulating film is melted by the glass particles contained in the electrode metal paste on the surface side, and the surface of the silicon 10 is also partially melted.
- Metal particles (for example, silver particles) in the paste form a contact portion with the silicon substrate 10 and solidify. Thereby, the formed surface electrode 18 and the silicon substrate 10 are electrically connected. This is called fire-through.
- FIG. 2A is a plan view of a solar cell in which the surface electrode 18 includes a bus bar electrode 30 and a finger electrode 32 intersecting the bus bar electrode 30 as viewed from the surface.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged perspective view illustrating a part of FIG.
- Such a surface electrode 18 can be formed, for example, by means such as screen printing of the above-described metal paste, plating of the electrode material, or vapor deposition of the electrode material by electron beam heating in a high vacuum.
- the surface electrode 18 composed of the bus bar electrode 30 and the finger electrode 32 is generally used as an electrode on the light receiving surface side and is well known, and it is possible to apply known forming means for the bus bar electrode and finger electrode on the light receiving surface side. it can.
- the solar cell in which the n-type diffusion layer is formed on the front surface, the p + -type diffusion layer is formed on the back surface, and the front surface electrode and the back surface electrode are further provided on the respective layers has been described. If a layer forming composition is used, it is also possible to produce a back contact solar cell.
- the back contact type solar battery cell has all electrodes provided on the back surface to increase the area of the light receiving surface. That is, in the back contact solar cell, it is necessary to form both the n-type diffusion region and the p + -type diffusion region on the back surface to form a pn junction structure.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention can form an n-type diffusion site only at a specific site, and therefore can be suitably applied to the production of a back-contact solar cell.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition of the present invention can also be applied to a selective emitter that forms, for example, a high-concentration n-type diffusion layer (n ++ layer) only directly under an electrode.
- Example 1 P 2 O 5 —CaO-based glass (P 2 O 5 : 80%, CaO: 20%) powder (volume average particle diameter 3 ⁇ m) is put in an opened container, and the environment is at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a humidity of 70%. , Left for 24 hours. Next, 10 g of this glass powder, 5 g of ethyl cellulose, and 85 g of 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate were mixed into a paste to prepare an n-type diffusion layer forming composition.
- the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied to the surface of the p-type silicon substrate by screen printing so that the application amount was 15 to 20 g / m 2 and dried on a hot plate at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes. Subsequently, thermal diffusion treatment was performed for 10 minutes in an electric furnace set at 1000 ° C., and then the substrate was immersed in hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes in order to remove the glass layer, and washed with running water. Thereafter, drying was performed.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 15 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) was diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- the value of the sheet resistance on the surface is obtained by measuring 5 points ⁇ 5 points at equal intervals in a region of 156 cm ⁇ 156 cm, and showing the average (the same applies to the following examples and comparative examples).
- Example 2 N-type in the same manner as in Example 1 except that P 2 O 5 —ZnO-based glass (P 2 O 5 : 70%, ZnO: 30%) powder (volume average particle size 3 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder. Diffusion layer formation was performed. The sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 20 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer. The sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 3 Implementation was carried out except that P 2 O 5 —SiO 2 —CaO glass (P 2 O 5 : 50%, SiO 2 : 40%, CaO: 10%) powder (volume average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder.
- P 2 O 5 —SiO 2 —CaO glass P 2 O 5 : 50%, SiO 2 : 40%, CaO: 10%
- an n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 17 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) was diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 4 As the glass powder, P 2 O 5 —Al 2 O 3 —ZnO-based glass (P 2 O 5 : 65%, Al 2 O 3 : 5%, ZnO: 30%) powder (volume average particle diameter 5 ⁇ m) was used. Except for the above, an n-type diffusion layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. The sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 17 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) was diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer. The sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 5 Implementation was carried out except that P 2 O 5 —ZnO—TiO 2 glass (P 2 O 5 : 60%, ZnO: 35%, TiO 2 : 5%) powder (volume average particle size 3 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder.
- P 2 O 5 —ZnO—TiO 2 glass P 2 O 5 : 60%, ZnO: 35%, TiO 2 : 5%
- an n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 21 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 6 Implementation was carried out except that P 2 O 5 —ZnO—ZrO 2 glass (P 2 O 5 : 63%, ZnO: 35%, ZrO 2 : 2%) powder (volume average particle size 2 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder.
- P 2 O 5 —ZnO—ZrO 2 glass P 2 O 5 : 63%, ZnO: 35%, ZrO 2 : 2%) powder (volume average particle size 2 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder.
- an n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 21 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 7 Example 1 except that P 2 O 5 —ZnO—MgO glass (P 2 O 5 : 60%, ZnO: 30%, MgO: 10%) powder (volume average particle diameter 4 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder.
- P 2 O 5 —ZnO—MgO glass P 2 O 5 : 60%, ZnO: 30%, MgO: 10%
- an n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 25 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 8 Example 1 except that P 2 O 5 —BaO—CaO-based glass (P 2 O 5 : 60%, BaO: 20%, CaO: 20%) powder (volume average particle size 3 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder. In the same manner as described above, an n-type diffusion layer was formed. The sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 17 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) was diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer. The sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- Example 9 Implementation was carried out except that P 2 O 5 —SiO 2 —SrO glass (P 2 O 5 : 45%, SiO 2 : 35%, SrO: 20%) powder (volume average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m) was used as the glass powder.
- P 2 O 5 —SiO 2 —SrO glass P 2 O 5 : 45%, SiO 2 : 35%, SrO: 20%
- volume average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m was used as the glass powder.
- an n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 21 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was not measurable above the upper limit of measurement (1000000 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and no n-type diffusion layer was formed.
- n-type diffusion layer composition was prepared by mixing 20 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) powder, 3 g of ethyl cellulose, and 7 g of 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate to prepare a paste.
- the prepared paste was applied to the surface of the p-type silicon substrate by screen printing and dried on a hot plate at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- a thermal diffusion treatment was performed for 10 minutes in an electric furnace set at 1000 ° C., and then the substrate was immersed in hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes to remove the glass layer, washed with running water, and dried.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 14 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , and an n-type diffusion layer was also formed on the back surface.
- a solution was prepared by mixing 1 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) powder, 7 g of pure water, 0.7 g of polyvinyl alcohol, and 1.5 g of isopropyl alcohol to prepare an n-type diffusion layer composition.
- the prepared solution was applied to the surface of the p-type silicon substrate by a spin coater (2000 rpm, 30 sec) and dried on a hot plate at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- a thermal diffusion treatment was performed for 10 minutes in an electric furnace set at 1000 ° C., and then the substrate was immersed in hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes to remove the glass layer, washed with running water, and dried.
- the sheet resistance of the surface on which the n-type diffusion layer forming composition was applied was 10 ⁇ / ⁇ , and P (phosphorus) was diffused to form an n-type diffusion layer.
- the sheet resistance on the back surface was 100 ⁇ / ⁇ , and an n-type diffusion layer was also formed on the back surface.
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Abstract
Description
まず、光閉じ込め効果を促して高効率化を図るよう、テクスチャー構造を形成したp型シリコン基板を準備し、続いてオキシ塩化リン(POCl3)、窒素、及び酸素の混合ガス雰囲気において800℃~900℃で数十分の処理を行って一様にn型拡散層を形成する。この従来の方法では、混合ガスを用いてリンの拡散を行うため、表面のみならず、側面、裏面にもn型拡散層が形成される。そのため、側面のn型拡散層を除去するためのサイドエッチング工程が必要であった。また、裏面のn型拡散層はp+型拡散層へ変換する必要がある。そのため裏面のn型拡散層の上に第13族元素であるアルミニウムを含むアルミニウムペーストを付与した後、熱処理して、アルミニウムの拡散によってn型拡散層からp+型拡散層に変換するのと同時に、オーミックコンタクトを得ていた。
<1> 分散媒と、ZrO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaO、SrO、及びBaOから選択される少なくとも1種並びにP2O5を含むガラス粉末と、を含有する、n型拡散層形成組成物。
尚、本明細書において「工程」との用語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
また本明細書において「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、その前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値および最大値として含む範囲を示すものとする。
さらに組成物中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本発明のn型拡散層形成組成物は、ガラス粉末と、分散媒と、を含有し、更に塗布性などを考慮してその他の添加剤を必要に応じて含有してもよい。また前記ガラス粉末は、ドナー元素含有物質としてリン成分であるP2O5を含み、かつ、ガラス成分物質としてZrO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaO、及びBaOから選択される少なくとも1種を含むものである。
したがって本発明のn型拡散層形成組成物は、従来の方法と比べても不要な生成物を発生させず、工程を増やすこともない。
ガラス成分物質としてZrO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaO、SrO、及びBaOから選択される少なくとも1種を用いることで、n型拡散層形成組成物の耐水性が向上するため、ガラス粉末の吸湿に起因する不要なn型拡散層の形成が抑制されると考えられる。
すなわち、上記本発明のn型拡散層形成組成物が上記構成であるため、例えば高温高湿環境下において保存した後にn型拡散層の形成を行っても、耐水性が高いため、特定の部分により選択的にn型拡散層の形成が行われる。
以下、ZrO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaO、SrO、及びBaOを総称して「耐水性向上ガラス成分物質」と称する場合がある。
本発明に係るガラス粉末について、詳細に説明する。
上記の通り、本発明に係るガラス粉末は、ドナー元素含有物質としてリン成分であるP2O5を含み、かつ、ガラス成分物質として上記耐水性向上ガラス成分物質の少なくとも1種を含む。
また、耐水性向上ガラス成分物質のほかに、耐水性向上ガラス成分物質以外のガラス成分物質(以下、「その他のガラス成分物質」と称する場合がある)を併用してもよい。耐水性向上ガラス成分物質とその他のガラス成分物質とを併用することによって、耐水性、溶融温度、軟化点、ガラス転移点、化学的耐久性等を制御することが可能である。
上記その他のガラス成分物質のうち、耐水性の観点から、SiO2、Y2O3、Nb2O5、及びLa2O3がより好ましい。
一方、上記その他のガラス成分物質のうち、耐水性低下を引き起こす可能性のあるNa2O、K2O、及びLi2Oについては、耐水性の観点から、ガラス粉末全体の5質量%以下であることが好ましく、含まない方がより好ましい。
上記では2成分を含む複合ガラスを例示したが、P2O5-Al2O3-ZnO、P2O5-CaO-SiO2等必要に応じて3種類以上の複合ガラスでもよい。
また、ガラス粉末中における耐水性向上ガラス成分物質の含有比率は、耐水性の観点から、1質量%以上50質量%以下が好ましく、5質量%以上40質量%以下がより好ましく、5質量%以上30質量以下が更に好ましい。
さらに、耐水性向上ガラス成分物質の含有量は、耐水性の観点から、ドナー元素含有物質の含有量の0.05倍以上2倍以下が好ましく、0.1倍以上1倍以下がより好ましい。
ここで、前記ガラス粉末の頻度分布は、例えば、測定装置として粒度分布測定装置(ベックマンコールター株式会社製、型番:LS13320)を用い、ガラス粉末を溶媒(例えば水)に分散させた分散液を測定して得られる。
最初に原料、例えば、前記ドナー元素含有物質とガラス成分物質を秤量し、るつぼに充填する。るつぼの材質としては白金、白金―ロジウム、イリジウム、アルミナ、石英、炭素等が挙げられるが、溶融温度、雰囲気、溶融物質との反応性等を考慮して適宜選ばれる。
次に、電気炉でガラス組成に応じた温度で加熱して融液とする。このとき融液が均一となるよう攪拌することが望ましい。
続いて均一になった融液をジルコニア基板やカーボン基板等の上に流し出して融液をガラス化する。
最後にガラスを粉砕し粉末状とする。粉砕にはジェットミル、ビーズミル、ボールミル等公知の方法が適用できる。
次に、分散媒について説明する。
分散媒とは、組成物中において上記ガラス粉末を分散させる媒体である。具体的に分散媒としては、バインダーや溶剤などが採用される。
n型拡散層形成組成物の粘度は、塗布性を考慮して、10mPa・S以上1000000mPa・S以下であることが好ましく、50mPa・S以上500000mPa・S以下であることがより好ましい。
次に、本発明のn型拡散層及び太陽電池セルの製造方法について、図1を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明にかかる太陽電池セルの製造工程の一例を概念的に表す模式断面図である。以降の図面においては、共通する構成要素に同じ符号を付す。
詳細には、インゴットからスライスした際に発生するシリコン表面のダメージ層を20質量%苛性ソーダで除去する。次いで1質量%苛性ソーダと10質量%イソプロピルアルコールの混合液によりエッチングを行い、テクスチャー構造を形成する(図中ではテクスチャー構造の記載を省略する)。太陽電池セルは、受光面(表面)側にテクスチャー構造を形成することにより、光閉じ込め効果が促され、高効率化が図られる。
上記n型拡散層形成組成物の塗布量としては特に制限はないが、例えば、10g/m2~250g/m2とすることができ、20g/m2~150g/m2であることが好ましい。
熱拡散処理時間は、n型拡散層形成組成物に含まれるドナー元素の含有率などに応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、1~60分間とすることができ、2~30分間であることがより好ましい。
したがって、従来広く採用されている気相反応法によりn型拡散層を形成する方法では、側面に形成された不要なn型拡散層を除去するためのサイドエッチング工程が必須であったが、本発明の製造方法によれば、サイドエッチング工程が不要となり、工程が簡易化される。
この内部応力は、結晶の結晶粒界に損傷を与え、電力損失が大きくなるという課題があった。また、反りは、モジュール工程における太陽電池セルの搬送や、タブ線と呼ばれる導線との接続において、セルを破損させ易くしていた。近年では、スライス加工技術の向上から、結晶シリコン基板の厚みが薄型化されつつあり、更にセルが割れ易い傾向にある。
また後述するように、裏面の表面電極20に用いる材料は第13族のアルミニウムに限定されず、例えばAg(銀)やCu(銅)などを適用することができ、裏面の表面電極20の厚さも従来のものよりも薄く形成することが可能となる。
より具体的には、上記混合ガス流量比NH3/SiH4が0.05~1.0、反応室の圧力が0.1~2Torr(13.3~266.6Pa)、成膜時の温度が300~550℃、プラズマの放電のための周波数が100kHz以上の条件下で形成される。
バックコンタクト型の太陽電池セルは、電極を全て裏面に設けて受光面の面積を大きくするものである。つまりバックコンタクト型の太陽電池セルでは、裏面にn型拡散部位及びp+型拡散部位の両方を形成しpn接合構造とする必要がある。本発明のn型拡散層形成組成物は、特定の部位にのみn型拡散部位を形成することが可能であり、よってバックコンタクト型の太陽電池セルの製造に好適に適用することができる。また、本発明のn型拡散層形成組成物は、例えば電極直下のみに高濃度n型拡散層(n++層)を形成する、選択エミッターにも適用できる。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
P2O5-CaO系ガラス(P2O5:80%、CaO:20%)粉末(体積平均粒径3μm)を、開封された容器に入れ、温度50℃、湿度70%の環境下において、24時間放置した。
次に、このガラス粉末10gと、エチルセルロース5gと、酢酸2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エチル85gと、を混合してペースト化し、n型拡散層形成組成物を調製した。
なお、上記表面のシート抵抗の値は、156cm×156cmの領域を等間隔に5点×5点測定を行い、その平均を示したもの(以下の実施例及び比較例においても同様)である。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-ZnO系ガラス(P2O5:70%、ZnO:30%)粉末(体積平均粒径3μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は20Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-SiO2-CaO系ガラス(P2O5:50%、SiO2:40%、CaO:10%)粉末(体積平均粒径1μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は17Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-Al2O3-ZnO系ガラス(P2O5:65%、Al2O3:5%、ZnO:30%)粉末(体積平均粒径5μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は17Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-ZnO-TiO2系ガラス(P2O5:60%、ZnO:35%、TiO2:5%)粉末(体積平均粒径3μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は21Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-ZnO-ZrO2系ガラス(P2O5:63%、ZnO:35%、ZrO2:2%)粉末(体積平均粒径2μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は21Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-ZnO-MgO系ガラス(P2O5:60%、ZnO:30%、MgO:10%)粉末(体積平均粒径4μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は25Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-BaO-CaO系ガラス(P2O5:60%、BaO:20%、CaO:20%)粉末(体積平均粒径3μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は17Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-SiO2-SrO系ガラス(P2O5:45%、SiO2:35%、SrO:20%)粉末(体積平均粒径1μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は21Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は測定上限(1000000Ω/□)以上で測定不能であり、n型拡散層は形成されていなかった。
リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)粉末20gとエチルセルロース3g、酢酸2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エチル7gを混合してペースト化し、n型拡散層組成物を調製した。
次に、調製したペーストをスクリーン印刷によってp型シリコン基板表面に塗布し、150℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた。続いて、1000℃に設定した電気炉で10分間熱拡散処理を行い、その後ガラス層を除去するため基板をふっ酸に5分間浸漬し、流水洗浄、乾燥を行った。
リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)粉末1gと純水7g、ポリビニルアルコール0.7g、イソプロピルアルコール1.5gを混合して溶液を調製し、n型拡散層組成物を調製した。
次に、調製した溶液をスピンコータ(2000rpm、30sec)によってp型シリコン基板表面に塗布し、150℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた。続いて、1000℃に設定した電気炉で10分間熱拡散処理を行い、その後ガラス層を除去するため基板をふっ酸に5分間浸漬し、流水洗浄、乾燥を行った。
ガラス粉末として、P2O5-SiO2系ガラス(P2O5:40%、SiO2:60%)粉末(体積平均粒径1μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、n型拡散層形成を行った。
n型拡散層形成組成物を塗布した側の表面のシート抵抗は27Ω/□であり、P(リン)が拡散しn型拡散層が形成されていた。
裏面のシート抵抗は750Ω/□であり、裏面にもn型拡散層は形成されていた。
Claims (5)
- 分散媒と、
ZrO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaO、SrO、及びBaOから選択される少なくとも1種並びにP2O5を含むガラス粉末と、
を含有する、n型拡散層形成組成物。 - 前記ガラス粉末が、P2O5を30質量%~90質量%含有する、請求項1に記載のn型拡散層形成組成物。
- 前記ガラス粉末の体積平均粒径が100μm以下である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のn型拡散層形成組成物。
- 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のn型拡散層形成組成物を塗布する工程と、
熱拡散処理を施す工程と、
を有するn型拡散層の製造方法。 - 半導体基板上に、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のn型拡散層形成組成物を塗布する工程と、
熱拡散処理を施して、n型拡散層を形成する工程と、
を有する太陽電池セルの製造方法。
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| CN2012800083179A CN103348449A (zh) | 2011-02-17 | 2012-02-10 | n型扩散层形成用组合物、n型扩散层的制造方法和太阳能电池单元的制造方法 |
| JP2012557935A JP5673694B2 (ja) | 2011-02-17 | 2012-02-10 | n型拡散層形成組成物、n型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池セルの製造方法 |
| KR1020137020896A KR20140041423A (ko) | 2011-02-17 | 2012-02-10 | n 형 확산층 형성 조성물, n 형 확산층의 제조 방법, 및 태양 전지 셀의 제조 방법 |
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| JP2009200276A (ja) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-09-03 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co Ltd | 電極形成用導電性組成物及び太陽電池の形成方法 |
| WO2010147160A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 電極形成用ガラスフリット、およびこれを用いた電極形成用導電ペースト、太陽電池 |
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| JP2009200276A (ja) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-09-03 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co Ltd | 電極形成用導電性組成物及び太陽電池の形成方法 |
| WO2010147160A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 電極形成用ガラスフリット、およびこれを用いた電極形成用導電ペースト、太陽電池 |
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