WO2012105022A1 - 電動車両およびその制御方法 - Google Patents
電動車両およびその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012105022A1 WO2012105022A1 PCT/JP2011/052245 JP2011052245W WO2012105022A1 WO 2012105022 A1 WO2012105022 A1 WO 2012105022A1 JP 2011052245 W JP2011052245 W JP 2011052245W WO 2012105022 A1 WO2012105022 A1 WO 2012105022A1
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- input voltage
- electric vehicle
- voltage
- system voltage
- setting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric vehicle and a control method thereof, and more particularly, to an electric vehicle including a boost converter between a power storage device and a drive device that drives an electric motor, and a control method thereof.
- Electric vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have attracted attention as environmentally friendly vehicles. These electric vehicles are equipped with a power storage device, an inverter, and a motor driven by the inverter as a power source for traveling the vehicle.
- the hybrid vehicle further includes an engine as a power source.
- a boost converter that boosts a supply voltage (hereinafter also referred to as “system voltage”) to the inverter more than the voltage of the power storage device is provided between the power storage device and the inverter that drives the motor. Vehicle is known.
- an electric vehicle includes an electric motor that generates a vehicle driving force, a power storage device, a driving device that drives the electric motor, a voltage conversion device, and a control device that controls the voltage conversion device.
- the voltage conversion device is provided between the drive device and the power storage device, and is configured to boost the input voltage (system voltage) of the drive device to a voltage higher than the voltage of the power storage device.
- the control device sets the system voltage so that the system voltage is higher during reverse travel than during forward travel when the acceleration request (accelerator opening, required drive force, required output, etc.) to the vehicle is the same. Set.
- control device sets the system voltage set in accordance with the driver's acceleration request higher during forward travel than during forward travel.
- the first step includes a step of setting an upper limit of the system voltage for forward traveling.
- the second step includes a step of setting an upper limit of the system voltage for reverse travel.
- the electric vehicle further includes an internal combustion engine that generates a forward drive force.
- the system voltage is set so that the input voltage (system voltage) of the drive device is higher than during forward travel when the magnitude of the acceleration request to the vehicle is the same.
- An appropriate system voltage is set for each traveling / reverse traveling in consideration of fuel consumption and drivability. Therefore, according to the present invention, in an electric vehicle, drivability during reverse travel can be improved while improving fuel efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a hybrid vehicle shown as an example of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the powertrain structure of a hybrid vehicle. It is a functional block diagram of ECU regarding the setting of the system voltage. It is the figure which showed the example of a setting of a system voltage. It is the figure which showed the other example of a system voltage setting. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the process sequence regarding the setting process of a system voltage. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the other process sequence regarding the setting process of a system voltage.
- 6 is a block diagram showing a power train configuration of a hybrid vehicle in a second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating a processing procedure related to a system voltage setting process in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a hybrid vehicle shown as an example of an electric vehicle according to the first embodiment.
- hybrid vehicle 100 includes a power storage device 10, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 15, a PCU (Power Control Unit) 20, a power output device 30, a transmission gear 40, and front wheels 50L and 50R. And rear wheels 60L and 60R.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- PCU Power Control Unit
- front wheels 50L and 50R And rear wheels 60L and 60R.
- the power storage device 10 is a rechargeable DC power source, and is constituted by, for example, a secondary battery such as nickel metal hydride or lithium ion.
- the power storage device 10 is disposed, for example, at the rear portion of the rear seat 80 and is electrically connected to the PCU 20 to supply a DC voltage to the PCU 20.
- the power storage device 10 is charged by receiving the power generated by the power output device 30 from the PCU 20.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a power train configuration of the hybrid vehicle 100.
- hybrid vehicle 100 includes power storage device 10, SMR (System Main Relay) 105, PCU 20, ECU 15, motor generators MG ⁇ b> 1 and MG ⁇ b> 2, engine ENG, and power split device 134.
- a gear 40 and front wheels 50R and 50L are included.
- the power split device 134 is coupled to the engine ENG, the motor generator MG1, and the transmission gear 40, and distributes power among them.
- a planetary gear having three rotating shafts of a sun gear, a planetary carrier, and a ring gear can be used as power split device 134, and these three rotating shafts are connected to the rotating shafts of motor generator MG1, engine ENG, and transmission gear 40, respectively. Is done.
- the rotation shaft of motor generator MG2 is coupled to the rotation shaft of transmission gear 40. That is, motor generator MG2 and transmission gear 40 have the same rotation shaft, and the rotation shaft is connected to the ring gear of power split device 134.
- the kinetic energy generated by the engine ENG is distributed to the motor generator MG1 and the transmission gear 40 by the power split device 134.
- Engine ENG operates as a power source for driving the vehicle forward and driving motor generator MG1.
- motor generators MG1 and MG2 can function as both a generator and an electric motor
- motor generator MG1 mainly operates as a generator
- motor generator MG2 mainly operates as an electric motor.
- motor generator MG1 receives a part of the output of engine ENG distributed by power split device 134 to generate power.
- motor generator MG1 receives power supplied from power storage device 10 and operates as an electric motor to crank engine ENG and start it.
- Motor generator MG2 is driven by at least one of the electric power stored in power storage device 10 and the electric power generated by motor generator MG1.
- the driving force of motor generator MG2 is transmitted to the driving shafts of front wheels 50R and 50L via transmission gear 40.
- motor generator MG2 is driven by front wheels 50R and 50L to operate as a generator.
- the electric power generated by motor generator MG2 is charged into power storage device 10 via PCU 20.
- the SMR 105 is provided between the power storage device 10 and the PCU 20, and is turned on in response to a command from the ECU 15 when the vehicle is traveling.
- PCU 20 includes a converter 110, a capacitor 120, motor drive controllers 131 and 132, and a converter / inverter control unit 140.
- motor generators MG1, MG2 are AC motors
- motor drive controllers 131, 132 are constituted by inverters.
- the motor drive controller 131 (132) is also referred to as an “inverter 131 (132)”.
- Converter 110 boosts voltage VH (system voltage) between positive line 103 and negative line 102 to voltage Vb or higher of power storage device 10 based on control signal Scnv from converter / inverter control unit 140.
- Converter 110 is formed of, for example, a current reversible boost chopper circuit.
- Inverters 131 and 132 are provided corresponding to motor generators MG1 and MG2, respectively. Inverters 131 and 132 are connected to converter 110 in parallel with each other, and drive motor generators MG1 and MG2 based on control signals Spwm1 and Spwm2 from converter / inverter control unit 140, respectively.
- Converter / inverter control unit 140 controls each of converter 110 and motor generators MG1, MG2 based on control commands received from ECU 15 (setting of system voltage VH, torque target of motor generators MG1, MG2, etc.). Scnv, Spwm1, and Spwm2 are generated. Converter / inverter control unit 140 then outputs the generated control signals Scnv, Spwm1, and Spwm2 to converter 110 and inverters 131 and 132, respectively.
- the ECU 15 is composed of an electronic control unit, and controls vehicle running and power storage by software processing by executing a pre-stored program by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and / or hardware processing by a dedicated electronic circuit. Various control such as charge / discharge control of 10 and setting of system voltage VH are performed. Then, ECU 15 generates a control command for driving PCU 20 and outputs the generated control command to converter / inverter control unit 140 of PCU 20.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the ECU 15 regarding the setting of the system voltage VH.
- ECU 15 includes a shift range determination unit 150 and a system voltage control unit 152.
- the system voltage control unit 152 sets the system voltage VH based on the required driving force of the vehicle.
- the required driving force is calculated based on the accelerator opening, the vehicle speed, and the like.
- the system voltage control unit 152 sets the system voltage VH to the shift range other than the R range (D range, etc.). Change the setting. This will be specifically described below.
- the power loss in the converter 110 and the inverters 131 and 132 can be suppressed by limiting the system voltage VH to a voltage lower than the maximum value (hereinafter also referred to as “boost limit”).
- boost limit a voltage lower than the maximum value
- fuel consumption can be improved. Therefore, in the first embodiment, in order to improve the fuel consumption, the pressure increase restriction is performed unless the accelerator pedal is depressed more than a predetermined amount.
- the pressure increase is uniformly limited regardless of the driving conditions, the vehicle's driving force desired by the driver can be obtained during reverse traveling that requires careful accelerator operation, such as overcoming a step when entering the garage in reverse. There is no possibility.
- the setting of the system voltage VH is changed when a shift range other than the R range is selected (D range or the like).
- the system voltage VH is set so that the system voltage VH is higher than during forward travel when the acceleration request (accelerator opening, required drive force, required output, etc.) to the vehicle is the same. That's what it meant.
- the system voltage control unit 152 outputs the setting of the system voltage VH to the converter / inverter control unit 140 (FIG. 2) of the PCU 20.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of setting the system voltage VH.
- the horizontal axis represents the required driving force of the vehicle
- the vertical axis represents the set value of system voltage VH.
- a curve k1 shows the setting of the system voltage VH for forward travel selected in the shift range other than the R range
- a curve k2 shows the setting of the system voltage VH for reverse travel selected in the R range.
- the system voltage VH is set to the lower limit value V1.
- the setting of the system voltage VH increases as the required driving force increases.
- the upper limit of the system voltage VH is set to the limit value V2, and the system voltage VH is limited to the limit value V2 or less.
- the upper limit of the system voltage VH is set to the upper limit value V3, and the boost restriction during forward travel is released.
- the upper limit setting of the system voltage VH is changed between the R range and other shift ranges (D range, etc.), but the system voltage VH itself is changed to the R range and other shift ranges. (D range etc.) may be changed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another setting example of the system voltage VH.
- curve k3 shows the setting of system voltage VH for forward travel selected during the shift range other than the R range
- curve k4 represents system voltage VH for reverse travel selected during the R range. Indicates the setting.
- the setting of the system voltage VH increases as the required driving force increases.
- the system voltage VH during forward running (curve k3) It is set to a value lower than the system voltage VH during running (curve k4).
- the system voltage VH is set so as to perform the boost restriction, and during reverse travel where the boost restriction is not performed, the system voltage VH is higher than that during forward travel where the boost restriction is performed. Is set.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a processing procedure regarding the setting processing of the system voltage VH. The process of this flowchart is called from the main routine and executed every certain time or every time a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- ECU 15 determines whether or not the shift range is the R range (step S10).
- the shift range is determined based on a shift position signal SP indicating the position of the shift lever.
- the ECU 15 sets the system voltage VH for forward travel (step S20). For example, system voltage VH is set based on the driving force of the vehicle according to curve k1 in FIG. 4 and curve k3 in FIG.
- step S10 when it is determined in step S10 that the shift range is the R range (YES in step S10), ECU 15 sets system voltage VH for reverse travel (step S30).
- system voltage VH is set based on the vehicle driving force according to curve k2 in FIG. 4 or curve k4 in FIG.
- the system voltage VH is set based on the driving force of the vehicle. However, the system voltage VH is determined based on other parameters related to acceleration requests to the vehicle, such as the accelerator opening and the required power of the vehicle. May be set.
- system voltage VH is set such that system voltage VH is higher than during forward travel when the magnitude of the acceleration request to the vehicle is the same. Therefore, an appropriate system voltage VH considering fuel consumption and drivability is set for each forward travel / reverse travel. Therefore, according to this Embodiment 1, the drivability at the time of reverse drive can be improved, improving a fuel consumption.
- step S110 when it is determined in step S110 that boost restriction can be performed (YES in step S110), ECU 15 determines whether or not the shift range is the R range (step S120).
- step S130 If it is determined that the shift range is other than the R range (NO in step S120), the ECU 15 performs pressure increase restriction (step S130).
- the boost limitation may be realized by lowering the upper limit setting of the system voltage VH as shown in FIG. 4, or by lowering the setting of the system voltage VH itself as shown in FIG. It may be realized.
- step S120 determines that the shift range is the R range (YES in step S120)
- ECU 15 cancels the pressure increase restriction if the pressure increase restriction is implemented (step S140). That is, system voltage VH is set based on the driving force of the vehicle according to curve k2 in FIG. 4 and curve k4 in FIG.
- the other functions of the ECU 15A are the same as those of the ECU 15 in the first embodiment.
- Other configurations of the hybrid vehicle are the same as those of the hybrid vehicle 100 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining a processing procedure related to the setting processing of the system voltage VH in the second embodiment.
- the processing of this flowchart is also called from the main routine and executed every certain time or every time a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- this flowchart includes step S115 instead of step S110 in the flowchart shown in FIG. That is, the ECU 15A determines whether or not the eco mode switch 145 is turned on (step S115).
- step S115 If it is determined that eco-mode switch 145 is turned on (YES in step S115), ECU 15A proceeds to step S120 and determines whether or not the shift range is the R range. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S115 that eco mode switch 145 is turned off (NO in step S115), ECU 15A proceeds to step S150.
- the eco mode switch 145 is provided for the user to select low fuel consumption driving.
- the pressure increase restriction is performed.
- the setting of the system voltage VH is changed with respect to the forward traveling so as to relax the pressure increase restriction.
- the series / parallel type hybrid vehicle that outputs the power of the engine ENG to at least one of the drive shaft and the motor generator MG1 has been described as the electric vehicle. It can also be applied to hybrid vehicles of the type.
- the present invention can also be applied to a so-called series type hybrid vehicle that uses engine ENG only to drive motor generator MG1 and generates the driving force of the vehicle only by motor generator MG2.
- the present invention is also applicable to an electric vehicle that runs on electric power alone without the engine ENG, a fuel cell vehicle that further includes a fuel cell in addition to the power storage device 10 as a DC power source.
- motor generator MG2 corresponds to an embodiment of “electric motor” in the present invention
- inverter 132 corresponds to an embodiment of “drive device” in the present invention
- Converter 110 corresponds to an embodiment of “voltage conversion device” in the present invention
- ECUs 15 and 15A correspond to an embodiment of “control device” in the present invention
- eco mode switch 145 corresponds to an embodiment of “input device” in the present invention
- engine ENG corresponds to an embodiment of “internal combustion engine” in the present invention.
- 10 power storage device 15, 15A ECU, 20 PCU, 30 power output device, 40 transmission gear, 50L, 50R front wheel, 60L, 60R rear wheel, 100 electric vehicle, 105 SMR, 110 converter, 120 capacitor, 131, 132 inverter, 134 power split device, 140 converter / inverter control unit, 145 eco mode switch, 150 shift range determination unit, 152 system voltage control unit, MG1, MG2 motor generator, ENG engine.
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Abstract
Description
また、この発明によれば、制御方法は、電動車両の制御方法である。電動車両は、車両駆動力を発生する電動機と、蓄電装置と、電動機を駆動する駆動装置と、電圧変換装置とを備える。電圧変換装置は、駆動装置と蓄電装置との間に設けられ、駆動装置の入力電圧(システム電圧)を蓄電装置の電圧よりも高い電圧に昇圧するように構成される。そして、制御方法は、前進走行用のシステム電圧を設定する第1のステップと、後進走行用のシステム電圧を設定する第2のステップとを含む。
図1は、実施の形態1による電動車両の一例として示されるハイブリッド車両の全体構成を示すブロック図である。図1を参照して、ハイブリッド車両100は、蓄電装置10と、ECU(Electronic Control Unit)15と、PCU(Power Control Unit)20と、動力出力装置30と、伝達ギヤ40と、前輪50L,50Rと、後輪60L,60Rとを備える。
図7は、システム電圧VHの設定処理に関する他の処理手順を説明するためのフローチャートである。なお、このフローチャートの処理も、一定時間毎または所定の条件が成立する毎にメインルーチンから呼び出されて実行される。
図8は、実施の形態2におけるハイブリッド車両のパワートレーン構成を示すブロック図である。図8を参照して、このハイブリッド車両は、図2に示したハイブリッド車両100の構成において、エコモードスイッチ145をさらに含み、ECU15に代えてECU15Aを含む。
Claims (11)
- 車両駆動力を発生する電動機(MG2)と、
蓄電装置(10)と、
前記電動機を駆動する駆動装置(132)と、
前記駆動装置と前記蓄電装置との間に設けられ、前記駆動装置の入力電圧を前記蓄電装置の電圧よりも高い電圧に昇圧するように構成された電圧変換装置(110)と、
前記電圧変換装置を制御する制御装置(15)とを備え、
前記制御装置は、後進走行時は、車両に対する加速要求の大きさが同じ場合の前進走行時よりも前記入力電圧が高くなるように前記入力電圧を設定する、電動車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前進走行時は、前記入力電圧を制限するように前記入力電圧の上限を設定し、後進走行時は、前進走行時における前記入力電圧の制限を緩和するように前進走行時に対して前記入力電圧の上限設定を変更する、請求項1に記載の電動車両。
- 前記制御装置は、後進走行時は、前進走行時よりも前記入力電圧の上限を高く設定する、請求項1に記載の電動車両。
- 前記制御装置は、後進走行時は、運転者の加速要求に従って設定される前記入力電圧を前進走行時よりも高く設定する、請求項1に記載の電動車両。
- 通常モードおよび節約モードのいずれかを運転者が選択するための入力装置(145)をさらに備え、
前記入力装置によって前記節約モードが選択された場合、前記制御装置は、前進走行時は、前記通常モード時に対して前記入力電圧を制限するように前記入力電圧の上限を設定し、後進走行時は、前進走行時における前記入力電圧の制限を緩和するように前進走行時に対して前記入力電圧の上限設定を変更する、請求項1に記載の電動車両。 - 前進駆動力を発生する内燃機関(ENG)をさらに備える、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の電動車両。
- 電動車両の制御方法であって、
前記電動車両(100)は、
車両駆動力を発生する電動機(MG2)と、
蓄電装置(10)と、
前記電動機を駆動する駆動装置(132)と、
前記駆動装置と前記蓄電装置との間に設けられ、前記駆動装置の入力電圧を前記蓄電装置の電圧よりも高い電圧に昇圧するように構成された電圧変換装置(110)とを備え、
前記制御方法は、
前進走行用の前記入力電圧を設定する第1のステップと、
後進走行用の前記入力電圧を設定する第2のステップとを含む、電動車両の制御方法。 - 前記第1のステップは、前進走行用の前記入力電圧の上限を設定するステップを含み、
前記第2のステップは、後進走行用の前記入力電圧の上限を設定するステップを含む、請求項7に記載の電動車両の制御方法。 - 前記第1のステップは、前記入力電圧を制限するように前進走行用の前記入力電圧の上限を設定するステップを含み、
前記第2のステップは、前進走行時における前記入力電圧の制限を緩和するように後進走行用の前記入力電圧の上限を設定するステップを含む、請求項7に記載の電動車両の制御方法。 - 前記電動車両は、通常モードおよび節約モードのいずれかを運転者が選択するための入力装置(145)をさらに備え、
前記第1のステップは、前記入力装置によって前記節約モードが選択された場合に、前記通常モード時に対して前記入力電圧を制限するように前進走行用の前記入力電圧の上限を設定するステップを含み、
前記第2のステップは、前記入力装置によって前記節約モードが選択された場合に、前進走行時における前記入力電圧の制限を緩和するように後進走行用の前記入力電圧の上限を設定するステップを含む、請求項7に記載の電動車両の制御方法。 - 前記電動車両は、前進駆動力を発生する内燃機関(ENG)をさらに備える、請求項7から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の電動車両の制御方法。
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US20130218390A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
EP2623365B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
JPWO2012105022A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
EP2623365A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
CN103338971B (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
CN103338971A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
EP2623365A4 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
JP5304957B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
US8725337B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
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