WO2012094849A1 - 荔枝核皂苷提取工艺 - Google Patents

荔枝核皂苷提取工艺 Download PDF

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WO2012094849A1
WO2012094849A1 PCT/CN2011/071992 CN2011071992W WO2012094849A1 WO 2012094849 A1 WO2012094849 A1 WO 2012094849A1 CN 2011071992 W CN2011071992 W CN 2011071992W WO 2012094849 A1 WO2012094849 A1 WO 2012094849A1
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lychee
saponin
ultrasonic
lychee seed
litchi
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PCT/CN2011/071992
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郭洁文
叶碧波
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广州市中医医院
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/77Sapindaceae (Soapberry family), e.g. lychee or soapberry
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/10Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
    • A61K2236/19Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving fermentation using yeast, bacteria or both; enzymatic treatment

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  • the invention relates to a process for extracting lychee saponins, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction. Background technique
  • Lychee Seed, Litchi Seed, alias ⁇ ren, ⁇ nucleus, big ⁇ nucleus, is a sylvestris plant Litchi
  • litchi nucleus The main components of litchi nucleus are chemical components such as saponins, body compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, amino acids, proteins and sugars. Studies have confirmed that litchi saponin is an effective component in the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, the full development of litchi nucleus and the improvement of the extraction rate of litchi saponin have important economic benefits.
  • the separation and preparation process of litchi nuclear components mainly adopts water extraction and alcohol precipitation and solvent extraction methods.
  • the water extraction and alcohol precipitation method takes time and the extraction rate is low; the solvent extraction method requires a large amount of solvent, and the extract contains many impurities.
  • These extraction processes are not efficient at extracting saponins.
  • the invention aims to provide a process for extracting saponins from litchi nucleus with high extraction rate and simple process flow in view of the deficiencies of the existing lychee nucleus chemical component extraction process. Summary of the invention
  • the process degrades the cell wall by enzyme softening, combined with the cavitation of ultrasound, fully destroys the cell wall, accelerates and increases the dissolution of the active ingredient, and enriches and separates the saponin component of the litchi nucleus by non-polar macroporous adsorption tree.
  • the process has the advantages of time saving, labor saving and provincial cost.
  • a lychee saponin extraction process comprising the following steps:
  • the combination enzyme reagent is selected from two or a combination of two or more of a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a pectinase, a glucanase, and a papain.
  • step 1) when the water infiltration treatment is performed, the amount of water added is 2 to 6 times the weight of the litchi core powder, and the time of adding water to infiltrate is 5 to 30 minutes.
  • step 1) when the enzymatic treatment is carried out, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is controlled at 30 ° C to 50 ° C, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 1 to 3 hours.
  • the concentration of the ethanol solution is 50% to 70% by volume, and the amount of the ethanol solution is 2 to 3 times the weight of the litchi core powder.
  • the ultrasonic frequency is controlled at 20 KHz to 50 KHz, and the ultrasonic extraction time is 20 to 40 min.
  • step 4 when the macroporous adsorption resin is used for purification, an ethanol solution having a concentration of 50% to 80% by volume is used as an eluent; and the macroporous adsorption resin is of a type AB-8. Macroporous resin for D201, D101, X-5.
  • the invention combines enzymatic hydrolysis treatment and ultrasonic cavitation, and only needs a small amount of solvent, which can quickly leaching the active components of the litchi core, and has the advantages of high extraction rate, low solvent consumption, etc.; Elution, which can remove a large amount of impurities, enriches the saponin content.
  • the extraction time of the process of the invention is reduced, and the extraction rate is increased; compared with the solvent extraction method, the solvent consumption of the process of the invention is reduced, the extraction time is reduced, and the extraction rate is increased. .
  • the active ingredient of litchi nucleus was extracted by the process of the invention, and the extraction rate was as high as 9.05%, and the saponin content of litchi was as high as 85.0%. It can be seen that the process of the present invention is used for the extraction of lychee saponins, and has the remarkable advantages of high extraction efficiency, time saving and solvent. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the litchi nucleus is pulverized and has a particle size of 20 to 30 mesh. Take 50g of lychee nucleus powder, add 150ml of water (equivalent to 3 times the weight of litchi nucleus powder), infiltrate lOmin, weigh 0.5g of cellulase, 0.5g of pectinase and 0.5g of glucanase, and mix well. The temperature was controlled at 50 ° C and the hydrolysis treatment was carried out for 3 hours. Then, 150 ml of a 70% ethanol solution was added and extracted at an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz for 40 minutes. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude extract of saponin saponin 4.53 g.
  • the crude extract of lychee saponin was passed through a macroporous adsorption resin column and eluted with 70% ethanol solution for 3 column volumes to obtain 3.85 g of lychee saponin.
  • the litchi saponin content was determined to be 85.0%.
  • Embodiment 2 The litchi core is pulverized and has a particle size of 20 to 30 mesh. Take 50g of lychee nucleus powder, infiltrate with 150ml of water for 5min, weigh 0.5g of cellulase and 0.5g of pectinase, add it well, control the temperature at 50 °C, and digest it for 3 hours.
  • the litchi core is pulverized to a particle size of 10 to 20 mesh.
  • the litchi core is pulverized to a particle size of 10 to 20 mesh. Take 50g of lychee core powder, add 150ml of water to infiltrate for 10min, weigh 0.5g of pectinase and 0.5g of glucanase, add it well, control the temperature at 30 °C, and digest it for 2 hours. Then, 150 ml of a 50% ethanol solution was added, and extraction was carried out for 40 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude extract of saponin saponin 3.83 g.
  • the litchi core is pulverized to a particle size of 10 to 20 mesh.
  • Take 50g of lychee nucleus powder add 100ml water to infiltrate for 5min, weigh 0.5g cellulase, 0.5g pectinase and 0.5g glucanase into it, mix well, control temperature 30 °C, enzymatic treatment for 1 hour .
  • 100 ml of a 50% ethanol solution was added and extracted at an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz for 20 minutes. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4.23 g of crude saponin.
  • the crude extract of lychee saponin was passed through a macroporous adsorption resin column and eluted with 70% ethanol solution for 3 column volumes to obtain 3.20 g of lychee saponin.
  • the saponin content of litchi was determined to be 84.5%.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
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Description

荔枝核皂苷提取工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 属于中药提取技术领域。 背景技术
荔枝核(Lychee Seed, Litchi Seed),别名荔仁、荔核、大荔核,是无患子科植物荔枝(Litchi
Chinensis Sonn) 的干燥成熟种子, 性温, 味微甘、 苦、 涩, 无毒。 《本草纲目》 记载, 荔枝 核 "止渴、 益人颜色、 食之止烦渴"(烦渴病, 现代医学称为糖尿病)。 研究表明, 荔枝核有 降低血糖、 调节血脂、 提高抗氧化、 抑制乙肝病毒表面抗原的作用。 实验研究和临床治疗显 示荔枝核提取物能够显著地降低血糖, 有效治疗糖尿病。 充分利用荔枝核, 进一步开发治疗 糖尿病的药物, 对于糖尿病患者日益增多, 需求大量治疗糖尿病药物具有重要的社会意义。
荔枝核的主要成分有皂苷、 体类化合物、 黄酮类化合物、 脂肪酸、 氨基酸、 蛋白质和 糖分等化学成分。 研究证实, 荔枝核皂苷是治疗糖尿病的有效成分。 因此, 充分开发荔枝核, 提高荔枝核皂苷提取率, 具有重要的经济效益。
目前, 荔枝核成分分离制备工艺主要采用水提醇沉和溶剂提取法, 水提醇沉法耗时、 提 取率低; 溶剂提取法需要大量的溶剂, 而且提取物含杂质多。 这些提取工艺对皂苷提取效率 不高。 本发明旨在针对现有荔枝核化学成分提取工艺的不足, 提供一种提取率高、 工艺流程 简单的从荔枝核中提取皂苷的工艺方法。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种荔枝核皂苷提取工艺。 本工艺通过酶软化降解细胞壁, 结合 超声的空化作用, 充分破坏细胞壁, 加速并增加活性成分的溶出, 通过非极性的大孔吸附树 月旨, 对荔枝核的皂苷成分富集分离, 制备出高含量的荔枝核皂苷。 本工艺具有省时、 省力和 省费用等优点。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 包括以下步骤:
1 )将荔枝核粉碎, 称取一定量的荔枝核粉末加水浸润, 然后加入重量为荔枝核粉末重量
1/100〜1/50的组合酶试剂进行酶解处理;
2) 加入乙醇溶液进行超声提取, 得到超声提取液;
3 ) 对超声提取液进行过滤和减压浓缩处理, 得到荔枝核皂苷粗提物; 4) 采用大孔吸附树脂对荔枝核皂苷粗提物进行纯化, 得到所述的荔枝核皂苷。
在本发明中, 所述的组合酶试剂选自纤维素酶、 半纤维素酶、 果胶酶、 葡聚糖酶和木瓜 蛋白酶中的两种或两种以上的组合。
在上述的步骤 1 ) 中, 进行加水浸润处理时, 加水量为荔枝核粉末重量的 2〜6倍, 加水 浸润的时间为 5〜30 min。
在上述的步骤 1 ) 中, 进行酶解处理时, 酶解温度控制在 30°C〜50°C, 酶解时间为 1〜3 小时。
在上述的步骤 2) 中, 乙醇溶液的浓度为 50%〜70% (体积百分比), 乙醇溶液的用量为 荔枝核粉末重量的 2〜3倍。
在上述的步骤 2) 中, 进行超声提取时, 超声频率控制在 20 KHz〜50 KHz, 超声提取的 时间为 20〜40 min。
在上述的步骤 4) 中, 采用大孔吸附树脂进行纯化时, 采用浓度为 50%〜80% (体积百 分比) 的乙醇溶液作为洗脱液; 所述大孔吸附树脂采用型号为 AB-8、 D201、 D101、 X-5 的 大孔吸附树脂。
本发明通过组合酶试剂酶解处理和超声空化作用, 只需少量的溶剂, 即能使荔枝核的有 效成分快速浸出, 具有提取率高、 溶剂消耗量少等优点; 通过大孔吸附树脂的洗脱, 能够除 去大量杂质, 富集了皂苷含量。 与水提醇沉法相比, 本发明所述的工艺提取时间减少, 提取 率增加; 与溶剂提取法相比, 本发明所述的工艺在单位药材的溶剂消耗量减少, 提取时间减 少, 提取率增加。 采用本发明所述的工艺提取荔枝核有效成分, 提取率高达 9.05%, 荔枝核 皂苷含量高达 85.0%。 由此可见, 本发明所述的工艺用于荔枝核皂苷的提取, 具有提取效率 高、 节省时间和溶剂等显著优点。 具体实施方式
实施例一:
将荔枝核粉碎, 粒度大小为 20〜30目。 取 50g荔枝核粉, 加入 150ml水(相当于荔枝核 粉末重量的 3倍) 浸润 lOmin, 称取 0.5g纤维素酶、 0.5g果胶酶和 0.5g葡聚糖酶加入其中, 充分混匀, 控制温度 50°C, 酶解处理 3小时。 然后加入 150ml 70%的乙醇溶液, 在超声频率 为 20KHz的条件下提取 40min。 将提取液过滤并减压浓缩, 得荔枝核皂苷粗提物 4.53g。 将 荔枝核皂苷粗提物经大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 70%的乙醇溶液洗脱 3 个柱体积, 得荔枝核皂苷 3.85g。 经测定, 荔枝核皂苷含量为 85.0%。 实施例二: 将荔枝核粉碎, 粒度大小为 20〜30 目。 取 50g荔枝核粉, 加入 150ml水浸润 5min, 称 取 0.5g纤维素酶和 0.5g果胶酶加入其中, 充分混匀, 控制温度 50°C, 酶解处理 3小时。 然 后加入 150ml 70%的乙醇溶液, 在超声频率为 20KHz的条件下提取 40min。 将提取液过滤并 减压浓缩, 得荔枝核皂苷粗提物 4.20g。将荔枝核皂苷粗提物经大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 70%的乙 醇溶液洗脱 3个柱体积, 得荔枝核皂苷 3.55g。 经测定, 荔枝核皂苷含量为 83.5%。 实施例三:
将荔枝核粉碎, 粒度大小为 10〜20目。 取 50g荔枝核粉, 加入 150ml水浸润 10min, 称 取 0.5g纤维素酶和 0.5g葡聚糖酶加入其中, 充分混匀, 控制温度 50°C, 酶解处理 3小时。 然后加入 150ml 70%的乙醇溶液, 在超声频率为 20KHz的条件下提取 40min。 将提取液过滤 并减压浓缩, 得荔枝核皂苷粗提物 4.03g。 将荔枝核皂苷粗提物经大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 70% 的乙醇溶液洗脱 3个柱体积, 得荔枝核皂苷 3.48g。 经测定, 荔枝核皂苷含量为 83.9%。 实施例四:
将荔枝核粉碎, 粒度大小为 10〜20目。 取 50g荔枝核粉, 加入 150ml水浸润 10min, 称 取 0.5g果胶酶和 0.5g葡聚糖酶加入其中, 充分混匀, 控制温度 30°C, 酶解处理 2小时。 然 后加入 150ml 50%的乙醇溶液, 在超声频率为 50KHz的条件下提取 40min。 将提取液过滤并 减压浓缩, 得荔枝核皂苷粗提物 3.83g。将荔枝核皂苷粗提物经大孔吸附树脂柱, 用 70%的乙 醇溶液洗脱 3个柱体积, 得荔枝核皂苷 3.05g。 经测定, 荔枝核皂苷含量为 82.6%。 实施例五:
将荔枝核粉碎, 粒度大小为 10〜20 目。 取 50g荔枝核粉, 加入 100ml水浸润 5min, 称 取 0.5g纤维素酶、 0.5g果胶酶和 0.5g葡聚糖酶加入其中, 充分混匀, 控制温度 30°C, 酶解 处理 1小时。 然后加入 100ml 50%的乙醇溶液, 在超声频率为 20KHz的条件下提取 20min。 将提取液过滤并减压浓缩, 得荔枝核皂苷粗提物 4.23g。将荔枝核皂苷粗提物经大孔吸附树脂 柱, 用 70%的乙醇溶液洗脱 3个柱体积, 得荔枝核皂苷 3.20g。 经测定, 荔枝核皂苷含量为 84.5%。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 包括以下步骤:
1 )将荔枝核粉碎, 称取一定量的荔枝核粉末加水浸润, 然后加入重量为荔枝核粉末重量 1/100〜1/50的组合酶试剂进行酶解处理;
2) 加入乙醇溶液进行超声提取, 得到超声提取液;
3 ) 对超声提取液进行过滤和减压浓缩处理, 得到荔枝核皂苷粗提物;
4) 采用大孔吸附树脂对荔枝核皂苷粗提物进行纯化, 得到所述的荔枝核皂苷。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 所述的组合酶试剂选自纤 维素酶、 半纤维素酶、 果胶酶、 葡聚糖酶和木瓜蛋白酶中的两种或两种以上的组合。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 在步骤 1 ) 中, 进行加水 浸润处理时, 加水量为荔枝核粉末重量的 2〜6倍, 加水浸润的时间为 5〜30 min。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 在步骤 1 ) 中, 进行酶解 处理时, 酶解温度控制在 30°C〜50°C, 酶解时间为 1〜3小时。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 在步骤 2) 中, 所述乙醇 溶液的浓度为 50%〜70%, 所述乙醇溶液的用量为荔枝核粉末重量的 2〜3倍。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 在步骤 2) 中, 进行超声 提取时, 超声频率控制在 20 KHz〜50 KHz, 超声提取的时间为 20〜40 min。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 在步骤 4) 中, 采用大孔 吸附树脂进行纯化时, 采用浓度为 50%〜80%的乙醇溶液作为洗脱液。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝核皂苷提取工艺, 其特征在于: 所述大孔吸附树脂采用型 号为 AB-8、 D201、 D101、 X-5的大孔吸附树脂。
PCT/CN2011/071992 2011-01-10 2011-03-21 荔枝核皂苷提取工艺 WO2012094849A1 (zh)

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