WO2012083747A1 - 一种三通成形模具及三通成形方法 - Google Patents

一种三通成形模具及三通成形方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012083747A1
WO2012083747A1 PCT/CN2011/080654 CN2011080654W WO2012083747A1 WO 2012083747 A1 WO2012083747 A1 WO 2012083747A1 CN 2011080654 W CN2011080654 W CN 2011080654W WO 2012083747 A1 WO2012083747 A1 WO 2012083747A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
way
workpiece
branch pipe
cavity
tee joint
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/080654
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李镇南
Original Assignee
佛山市顺德区燉煌五金塑料实业有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201010597070 external-priority patent/CN102198467A/zh
Application filed by 佛山市顺德区燉煌五金塑料实业有限公司 filed Critical 佛山市顺德区燉煌五金塑料实业有限公司
Publication of WO2012083747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012083747A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/037Forming branched tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/28Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
    • B21C37/29Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
    • B21C37/294Forming collars by compressing a fluid or a yieldable or resilient mass in the tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mold processing, and more particularly to a three-way forming mold and a three-way forming method. Background technique
  • the tee is a pipe connection. Also known as pipe tee, tee pipe fittings or tee fittings, three general purpose in the main pipe to branch, wide use, wide industry, wide application range.
  • pipe tee also known as pipe tee, tee pipe fittings or tee fittings, three general purpose in the main pipe to branch, wide use, wide industry, wide application range.
  • the common three-way copper is made.
  • the traditional copper tee is mainly made by filling the lead. The copper tube is cut to a certain length, and the molten lead is poured into the inner cavity of the copper tube.
  • the lead adhered to the surface of the copper tube and the lead of the copper tube nozzle are removed, so as to reduce the influence of the flow difference caused by the copper and lead during the extrusion process on the product, the port extruded in the copper tube A small hole is drilled, and then the copper tube is extruded into a copper tube tee by a hydraulic press. After the three-way forming, heating is required to melt the lead in the tee, and the copper tube is annealed to improve the mechanical properties. If the shape of the tee is Y-type or other shaped tee, the molten lead should be poured into the copper tube again.
  • the process of processing lead in the process of filling lead is easy to cause contact between human body and lead.
  • Lead can cause serious harm to the human body. It is mainly ingested into the body through the respiratory tract and digestive tract. It is also difficult to discharge through medical treatment.
  • Lead compounds can enter the human body through the lungs, digestive organs, skin, etc., and gradually accumulate in the human body. It can hinder the growth and development of red blood cells, destroy the central nervous system of people, and cause mental decline.
  • lead is a non-renewable resource, and the price is increasing, which increases the manufacturing cost of the three links.
  • the United States and Japan and other countries issued restrictions on industrial lead, stipulating that no lead should be added during the processing, so that the processing industry of the three links will be transferred to developing countries such as China, resulting in more Lead pollution incident.
  • the traditional copper tee production method is mainly the method of filling lead, the three-way joint forming process is: cutting, deburring, pipe, filling lead, clear lead, drilling holes, extrusion molding (put T-type three-way mold), blind end, lead removal, lead washing, expansion
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-way forming mold and a three-way forming method with simple structure and low cost in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, so that the appearance of the finished product is more beautiful, and the consistency of the finished product is good, and It can eliminate the pollution of lead in the production process, which is lower than the current method of filling lead.
  • the technical proposal adopted by the present invention is to provide a three-way forming mold, which is composed of an upper mold and a lower mold clamping mold, and a semicircular groove-shaped cavity for accommodating a three-way workpiece is symmetrically arranged on the upper mold and the lower mold.
  • the cavity has an opening at a side of the upper and lower molds, the cavity is connected to the three-way branch pipe cavity, and the three-way branch pipe cavity is provided with a reciprocating displacement support rod, and the support rod is connected with the support cylinder and is
  • the support cylinder transmits pressure, and the three-way branch pipe is filled by the medium in the three-way workpiece, and is formed by the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder in the three-way branch pipe cavity.
  • the shape of the three-way workpiece is a u-shaped tube
  • the cavity provided on the upper mold and the lower mold for accommodating the three-way workpiece is a semi-circular U-shaped groove, the U The shape of the groove is adapted to the tee workpiece.
  • the three-way branch pipe cavity is disposed in the lower die or the upper die.
  • the three-way branch pipe cavity is formed by a semi-circular straight groove symmetrical arrangement of the upper die and the lower die, respectively, and after the upper and lower die clamping, the three-way branch pipe cavity can be A support rod is inserted, the support rod being coupled to the support cylinder and transmitting pressure by the support cylinder.
  • the medium filled in the three-way workpiece is liquid water.
  • a three-way forming method for the above three-way forming die comprises the following steps:
  • the three-way workpiece is filled with liquid water, and in the step of the three-way branch pipe extrusion molding, the liquid water pressure is 4 (T100 MPa.
  • the preferred value is 60 to 80 MPa.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the three-way forming mold of the invention makes the three-way finished product have higher appearance quality, and the finished product has good consistency, the three-way
  • the U-bend transition is smooth, and the outer diameter of the three-way can meet the requirements of equal diameter, which reduces the production process and reduces the production process. Difficulty, improving the quality and productivity of the product.
  • the three-way forming mold of the invention can complete a plurality of workpieces at the same time, has high automation degree, reasonable mold design, can effectively reduce product scrap rate and improve production efficiency.
  • the three-way forming method of the present invention uses water as a filling medium for high-pressure extrusion, and fully satisfies the requirements of the directives that cannot be added in the production process issued by the countries such as the United States and Japan, and eliminates lead pollution. It effectively reduces the damage of lead to the worker's body, makes the working environment cleaner, and the water cost is lower than lead, and can be recycled to achieve environmental protection.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structural module of the three-way forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a three-way forming mold of the present invention (lower mold);
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a thimble of the three-way forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an upper mold according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lower mold of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an upper mold according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of an upper mold of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lower mold of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the three-way forming mold of the present invention is composed of an upper mold 11 and a lower mold 12.
  • the three-way forming apparatus further includes a hydraulic machine 10, a hydraulic cylinder 13, a thimble 131, a support cylinder 14, and a control system.
  • the upper mold 11 is installed in the upper cylinder of the hydraulic machine 10 and is controlled to travel up and down in the vertical direction by the control system.
  • the lower mold 12 is placed on the hydraulic machine platform, and the support cylinder 14 is used to control the extrusion length of the three-way branch pipe.
  • the function of the ejector pin 131 is to The two main ports of the workpiece clamped and fixed by the upper and lower molds are completely sealed, and a liquid filling process is performed to extrude the three-way workpiece to form the workpiece into a tee.
  • the thimble structure may be a body that communicates with the hydraulic cylinder, and the other is a sealed body.
  • the liquid can only be injected at one end of the three-way workpiece; or two thimbles can be connected with the hydraulic cylinder, and the three ends of the three-way workpiece can simultaneously inject liquid .
  • the upper and lower molds are respectively symmetrically arranged with U-shaped grooves.
  • the upper and lower molds When the upper and lower molds are closed, the upper and lower molds are surrounded by a cavity for accommodating the three-way pipe fittings, and the cavity is adapted to the shape of the three-way pipe fittings.
  • the gap between the two is 0. 0 ⁇ 0. 03mm, it is convenient to place the U-shaped tee fittings and extract the finished tee.
  • the lower mold 12 of the three-way forming mold is provided with a U-shaped groove 120, and the U-shaped groove 120 is a semi-circular groove, and is closed with the U-shaped groove of the upper mold to form a U-shaped cavity having a circular cross section.
  • Lower mold There is a three-way branch pipe cavity 140 communicating with the u-shaped groove 120.
  • the support rod 141 moves up and down in the three-way branch pipe cavity 140, and the movement of the support rod is driven by the power unit.
  • the power unit is usually hydraulically operated (not shown).
  • Three-way extrusion forming Continue to inject high-pressure water into the three-way workpiece.
  • the pressure of the water can be controlled at 4 (Tl00MPa, the more suitable water pressure is 6 (T80 MPa, the extrusion cylinder continues to advance until it reaches the position, under the action of high-pressure water, three
  • the workpiece is squeezed, the wall of the three-way workpiece rises in the three-way branch cavity 140, the support rod 141 moves down to the pressure balance on both sides, and the branch of the three-way pipe is extruded.
  • the three-way forming of the invention adopts water as the medium for extrusion forming, and has great social and economic benefits. Compared with the method of using lead forming or oil forming, the invention has obvious technical advantages, and the forming system of the three-way branch pipe passes through the system. Adjusting the working hydraulic pressure on both sides of the support rod can change the extrusion length of the branch pipe, so that the adaptability of the mold is wider.
  • a water tank is arranged under the hydraulic machine lower mold. When the workpiece is processed, the water in the workpiece flows into the water tank, returns to the hydraulic system for recycling, is environmentally friendly and keeps the working environment clean.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show a three-way machining die structure in which the branch pipe and the main direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • an upper mold 11 is provided with a U-shaped groove group composed of eight U-shaped grooves, and the U-shaped grooves are symmetrically arranged in two rows, so that one processing of the three-way can simultaneously produce eight, which greatly improves labor productivity.
  • Each of the four corners of the upper mold has a screw 21 for fixedly mounting the upper mold on the hydraulic machine, and a positioning pin 22 is disposed on each side of the U-shaped groove group of the upper mold. When the lower and lower molds are closed, the positioning pin 22 of the upper mold is provided.
  • the lower mold 12 is provided with a U-shaped groove group composed of eight U-shaped grooves corresponding to the upper mold, and a U-shaped three-way branch pipe is opened on one side of each U-shaped groove near the bend position.
  • the three-way branch lumen 140 When the three-way machining is performed, the plurality of thimbles are simultaneously inserted into the cavity formed by the U-shaped grooves of the upper and lower molds, and the two end main ports of the three-way workpiece are sealed, and the support cylinder 14 pushes the support rod 141 up to the three-way.
  • the wall of the workpiece water enters the tee workpiece from the water injection chamber of the thimble, and increases the pressure of the water to a predetermined pressure before extrusion, and then the cylinder continues to advance to the limit.
  • the high-pressure water pushes the three-way workpiece pipe wall to rise in the three-way branch pipe cavity 140, and the support rod 141 moves down to the pressure balance on both sides, and the three-way branch pipe is pressed. carry out.
  • Figure 6 shows a Y-shaped three-way machining die structure in which the branch pipe and the main pipe are in the same plane and the main pipe and the branch pipe are opposite in direction.
  • three Y-shaped grooves are arranged side by side on the upper mold 11, and the Y-shaped groove is composed of a U-shaped groove and a straight groove connecting the bottom of the U-shaped groove, and the structure of the lower mold is the same as that of the upper mold.
  • a three-way straight tube groove for processing the branch pipe is surrounded by a semicircular straight groove of the upper and lower molds.
  • the U-shaped three-way workpiece is placed in the U-shaped groove of the lower mold, and the upper and lower molds are closed, and the plurality of thimbles are simultaneously inserted into the cavity formed by the U-shaped grooves of the upper and lower molds and the three-way workpiece is sealed.
  • the support rod is inserted into the straight groove section of the Y-shaped groove, and is pushed by the support cylinder to abut the support rod against the pipe wall of the three-way workpiece, and the water enters the three-way workpiece from the water injection cavity of the thimble, and before the extrusion
  • the pressure of the water is increased to a predetermined pressure, and then the extrusion cylinder is further advanced to the positioning position.
  • the high-pressure water pushes the wall of the three-way workpiece to rise in the three-way branch cavity, and supports
  • the rod is moved to the pressure balance on both sides, and the branch pipe of the tee is squeezed.
  • Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the three-way mold structure in which the three-way main pipe is U-shaped and the branch pipe direction is diversified.
  • FIG. 7 there are four U-shaped grooves for processing the three-way in the upper mold 11 , and the branches of the four three - way pipes are different in direction.
  • the branch pipe mouth is in the center of the bottom of the U-shaped groove, and the direction of the branch pipe is respectively
  • the U-shaped groove opening direction is the same direction, the reverse direction, and the vertical direction and the vertical direction downward.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the lower mold 12.
  • the U-shaped grooves of the upper and lower molds are symmetrical and are semicircular grooves.
  • the U-shaped grooves in the upper die and the lower die are semi-circular grooves, and the three-way branch pipe cavity is opened on the U-shaped groove of the upper die or on the U-shaped groove of the lower die.
  • the processing method of the tee is the same as that of the above embodiment, and will not be described in detail herein.

Description

一种三通成形模具及三通成形方法
技术领域
本发明涉及模具加工领域, 更具体地说, 涉及一种三通成形模具及三通成形方法。 背景技术
三通是一种管道连接件。 又叫管件三通、 三通管件或者三通接头, 三通用在主管道要分 支处, 用途广、 行业面宽、 应用范围宽。 在制冷领域内常见铜质制得的三通, 传统的铜三通 的制作方法主要是灌铅法, 将铜管切割一定长度, 将熔化了的铅灌入铜管内腔, 待铅在铜管 内腔凝固后, 清除粘附在铜管表面的铅及铜管管口的铅, 为减少铜、 铅在挤压过程中产生的 流量差对产品造成的影响, 在铜管挤出的端口钻一小孔, 然后通过液压机将铜管挤压成型为 铜管三通。 三通成型后需加热将三通内的铅熔出, 并将铜管退火改善机械性能, 如果三通的 形状是 Y型或其它异型三通, 还需将熔化了的铅再次灌入铜管内腔, 待铅在铜管内腔凝固后, 清除粘附在铜管表面的铅及铜管管口的铅, 再用冲床将挤压成型的半成品打弯成所需要的形 状, 将产品余量切割去掉, 加热使产品内的铅熔出, 将产品浸泡在酸液里去除粘附在铜管内 腔的铅, 除铅后过清水清洗。 为防止产品回弹, 还需用冲床或其它设备整型。 用台钻车平三 通管的三个管口然后酸洗、 烘干、 检验、 包装。 该三通加工方法存在以下缺点:
一、 目前以灌铅的方式加工三通的生产过程中容易造成人体与铅的接触, 而铅对人体可 造成严重的危害, 它主要经呼吸道和消化道摄入体内, 铅一旦进入人体, 即使通过药物治疗 也难排出。 铅化合物可通过肺部、 消化器官、 皮肤等途径进入人体, 在人体内逐渐积蓄起来, 它能妨碍红血球的生长和发育, 摧残人的中枢神经, 造成智力下降。 另一方面, 铅是一种不 可再生资源, 价格日益高涨, 使三通的制造成本增加。 再者, 在 2005年, 殴盟与日本等国颁 布了对工业用铅的限制, 规定在加工过程中不得加铅, 使三通的加工行业都转移到中国等发 展中国家来, 造成更多的铅污染事件。
二、 传统的铜三通的制作方法主要是灌铅法, 三通接头成形的工序为: 开料、 去毛剌、 排管、 灌铅、 清铅、 钻小孔、 挤压成型 (放入 T型三通的模具内)、 去盲端、 退铅、 洗铅、 扩
(缩) 口、 酸洗、 烘干、 检验、 包装; 如果是其它形状的三通制作还要加多一次灌铅、 清铅、 退铅的工序, 再将其通过机械加工工艺弯制成不同的形状。 因为产品成型前、 后, 都需将铅 加热熔化, 而产品成型后还会有铅残留在铜件内腔要用酸液浸泡清除。 三、 直通管在挤压成型后通常需经弯管工序制成 Y型三通、 旁通、 爪通及其它的异型三 通形状, 从 Τ形的管件弯制成要求的三通形状容易使产品扁平率提高、 产品打弯部位变薄等 现象, 使三通的成型一致性也较差。 直接影响空调制冷系统的管道流量, 降低了空调效能。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是, 针对上述已有技术存在的不足, 提供一种结构简单、 成本 低廉的三通成形模具及三通成形方法, 使成品外形更美观, 成品的一致性好, 并能免除在生 产过程中铅的污染, 比目前的灌铅加工方法成本更低。
本发明采用的技术方案是, 提供一种三通成形模具, 由上模、 下模合模构成, 在上模、 下模上对称设置用以容纳三通工件的半圆槽形的容腔, 所述容腔在上下模的侧部有开口, 所 述容腔连通三通支管腔, 所述三通支管腔内设有可往复位移的支撑杆, 所述支撑杆与支撑缸 连接并由支撑缸传递压力, 三通支管是通过三通工件内的介质填充, 并由液压缸液压作用在 所述三通支管腔内成形的。
上述的三通成形模具, 所述三通工件的形状是 u型管, 所述上模、 下模上设置的用以容 纳三通工件的容腔是半圆形的 U型槽, 所述 U型槽的形状与三通工件相适配。
上述的三通成形模具, 所述三通支管腔设置在下模或上模内。
上述的三通成形模具, 所述三通支管腔由分别在上模和下模对称设置的半圆直槽合模构 成, 在上、 下模合模后, 所述三通支管腔内可插入支撑杆, 所述支撑杆与支撑缸连接并由支 撑缸传递压力。
上述的三通成形模具, 所述三通工件内充注的介质是液态水。
一种上述三通成形模具的三通成形方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 )将三通工件夹紧在由上下模所合成的容腔内, 支撑缸将三通支管腔内的支撑杆推向三 通工件的管壁。
2 ) 向三通工件内充注挤压介质。
3 )向挤压介质增压,挤压介质挤压三通工件的管壁,三通支管在所述三通支管腔内成形。
4)三通工件内挤压介质卸压, 支撑杆将三通工件顶出容腔。
上述的三通成形模具的成形方法, 在三通工件内充注液态水, 在三通支管挤压成形的步 骤中, 液态水压是 4(Tl00MPa。 优选值为 60〜80 MPa。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下优点:
一、 本发明的三通成形模具使三通成品具有更高的外观质量, 成品一致性良好, 三通的
U 型弯位过渡圆滑, 三通各处外径均能达到等径的要求, 减少了生产工序, 降低生产工艺的 难度, 提高了产品的质量和产能。
二、 本发明的三通成形模具能同时完成多个工件, 自动化程度高, 模具设计合理, 能有 效降低产品报废率, 提高生产效率。
三、 本发明的三通成形方法采用水作为高压挤压的填充介质, 完全满足殴盟与日本等国 颁布的生产过程不能加铅的指令要求, 免除了铅的污染。有效减小铅对作业人员身体的损害, 使工作环境更洁净, 而且水的使用成本比铅低, 且能循环利用, 达到环保的功能。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的三通成形设备结构模块简图;
图 2是本发明的三通成形模具的结构示意图 (下模);
图 3是本发明的三通成形设备的顶针结构示意图;
图 4是本发明的实施例二的上模结构示意图;
图 5是本发明的实施例二的下模结构示意图;
图 6是本发明的实施例三的上模结构示意图;
图 7是本发明的实施例四的上模结构示意图;
图 8是本发明的实施例四的下模结构示意图。 具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式, 并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一
本发明的三通成形模具由上模 11和下模 12构成。 见图 1, 三通成形设备还包括液压机 10、 液压缸 13、 顶针 131、 支撑缸 14和控制系统。 上模 11安装在液压机 10的上缸并由控制 系统控制在垂直方向上下行走, 下模 12放置在液压机平台上, 支撑缸 14用于控制三通支管 的挤压长度, 顶针 131的作用是将被上下模夹紧固定的工件两个主管口完全封堵, 并进行灌 液工序, 挤压三通工件, 使工件成型为三通。 顶针结构可以是一根与液压缸连通, 另一根为 密封的实体, 液体只能在三通工件一端注入; 也可以是两根顶针与液压缸连通, 三通工件两 端均可同时注入液体。 上、 下模分别对称设置 U型槽, 当上下模合拢时, 由上、 下模围成用 以容纳三通管件的型腔,该型腔与三通管件外形相适配,经试验可知,两者间隙为 0. 0Γ0. 03mm 时较适合, 方便放置 U形的三通管件和提取成品三通。
如图 2所示, 本发明的三通成形模具下模结构示意图。 三通成形模具的下模 12上设有 U 型槽 120、 U型槽 120是半圆槽, 与上模的 U型槽合拢后形成一截面圆形的 U形腔。 下模内设 有与 u型槽 120相通的三通支管腔 140, 支撑杆 141在三通支管腔 140内上下移动, 支撑杆 的移动由动力装置驱动。 动力装置通常采用液压机械 (图中未示出)。 当加工三通时, 上、 下 模合模, 顶针 131插入在上下模 U形腔内的三通管件的主管管口内, 液压系统工作, 液态水 从顶针内的注水腔进入三通管件, 顶针的结构见图 3。
三通成形的工艺流程如下:
1 )合模保压。 将待成形的三通工件放至下摸 U型槽, 上模往下移动与下模合拢, 将三通 工件夹紧在上下模 U型槽所形成的容腔内。支撑缸 14推动支撑杆上行至下模的 U型槽底, 支 撑杆抵靠在三通工件管壁。
2 )充注挤压介质。 夹紧三通工件之后, 液压系统推动顶针前移, 插入并封堵三通工件的 两端主管口, 水从顶针的注水腔进入三通工件内, 完成挤压介质的填充。
3 ) 三通挤压成形。 继续向三通工件内注入高压水, 水的压力为可控制在 4(Tl00MPa,更 适宜的水压为 6(T80 MPa, 挤压缸继续推进直至到定位处, 在高压水的作用下, 三通工件被 挤压, 三通工件管壁在三通支管腔 140上涨形, 支撑杆 141下移至两侧压力平衡, 三通的支 管挤压完成。
4) 出料。 液压系统卸压使顶针后退, 上模上行, 三通内水的压力得以释放使支撑杆垂直 往上位移, 三通管件被支撑杆顶出。
本发明的三通成形采用水作为挤压成形的介质, 具有巨大的社会经济效益, 比起采用灌 铅成形或油压成形的方式, 本发明具有明显的技术优势, 三通支管的成形通过系统调整支撑 杆两侧的工作液压, 可改变支管的挤压涨形长度, 使模具的适应范围更为宽广。 在液压机下 模下方设置有接水槽, 当工件加工完成后, 工件中的水流入接水槽, 返回液压系统中循环利 用, 环保且保持工作环境清洁。
实施例二
图 4、 图 5表示的是一种支管与主管方向互相垂直的三通加工模具结构。 参见图 4, 一个 上模 11上设有由八个 U型槽组成的 U型槽组, U型槽分两排对称设置, 使三通的一次加工可 以同时生产 8个, 大大提高了劳动生产率。上模的四角各有一个螺钉 21将上模固定安装在液 压机上, 在上模 U型槽组的两侧各设有一个定位销 22, 当下、 下模合模时, 上模的定位销 22 插入在下模的定位销孔内, 保证上下模合模准确。 见图 5, 下模 12上设有与上模对应的由八 个 U型槽组成的 U型槽组, 在每个 U型槽的一侧靠近弯位外开有用于 U型三通支管加工的三 通支管腔 140。 当三通加工时, 多支顶针同时插入多个上下模 U型槽所形成的型腔内并封堵 三通工件的两端主管口, 支撑缸 14推动支撑杆 141上行至抵靠在三通工件管壁, 水从顶针的 注水腔进入三通工件内, 并在挤压前将水的压力增至所定的压力, 然后挤压缸继续推进至定 位处, 当三通工件内的水压不断升高, 高压水推动三通工件管壁在三通支管腔 140上涨形, 支撑杆 141下移至两侧压力平衡, 三通的支管挤压完成。
实施例三
图 6表示的是一种支管与主管在同一平面上、 主管口与支管口方向相反的 Y型三通加工 模具结构。 如图所示, 在上模 11上设有并排的三个 Y型槽, Y型槽由 U型槽和一连通 U型槽 底部的直槽构成, 下模的结构与上模相同。 上、 下模合模时, 由上下模的半圆形的直槽围成 用于加工支管的三通支管腔。 三通加工时, U形的三通工件放在下模的 U型槽内, 上下模合 模, 多支顶针同时插入多个上下模 U型槽所形成的型腔内并封堵三通工件的两端主管口, 支 撑杆插入 Y型槽的直槽段, 并由支撑缸推动使支撑杆抵靠在三通工件管壁, 水从顶针的注水 腔进入三通工件内, 并在挤压前将水的压力增至所定的压力, 然后挤压缸继续推进至定位处, 当三通工件内的水压不断升高, 高压水推动三通工件管壁在三通支管腔上涨形, 支撑杆移至 两侧压力平衡, 三通的支管挤压完成。
实施例四
图 7、 图 8表示的是三通主管是 U型、 支管方向多样化的三通模具结构。 如图 7所示, 上模 11内设有四个用于加工三通的 U型槽, 四个三通的支管方向各不相同, 支管口在 U型槽 的底部中央, 支管方向分别是与 U型槽开口方向同向、 反向的, 还有是垂直向上和垂直向下 的,当然,支管口和支管方向的设计可以根据订单的需要变化。图 8是下模 12的结构示意图, 当支管与主管同向或反向时, 上下模的 U型槽对称且均为半圆槽。 当支管垂直于主管时, 在 上模、 下模内的 U型槽均是半圆槽, 三通支管腔则在上模的 U型槽上开设或者是在下模的 U 型槽上开设。 三通的加工方法与上述实施例的加工方法相同, 在此不作详述。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种三通成形模具, 由上模(11)、 下模(12)合模构成, 其特征在于: 在上模(11)、 下 模(12)上对称设置用以容纳三通工件的半圆槽形的容腔, 所述容腔在上下模的侧部有开口, 所述容腔连通三通支管腔(140), 所述三通支管腔内设有可往复位移的支撑杆(141), 所述支 撑杆(141)与支撑缸(14)连接并由支撑缸(14)传递压力,三通支管是通过三通工件内的介质填 充, 并由液压缸(13)液压作用在所述三通支管腔(140)内成形的。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的三通成形模具, 其特征在于: 所述三通工件的形状是 U型管, 所述上模(11)、 下模(12)上设置的用以容纳三通工件的容腔是半圆形的 U型槽(120), 所述 U 型槽(120)的形状与三通工件相适配好。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的三通成形模具, 其特征在于: 所述三通支管腔(140)设置在下模
(12)或上模(11)内。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的三通成形模具, 其特征在于: 所述三通支管腔(140)由分别在上 模(11)和下模(12)对称设置的半圆直槽合模构成, 在上模(11)、 下模(12)合模后, 所述三通 支管腔(140)内可插入支撑杆(141), 所述支撑杆(141)与支撑缸(14)连接并由支撑缸传递压 力。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的三通成形模具, 其特征在于: 所述三通工件内充 注的介质是液态水。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的三通成形模具的三通成形方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1 ) 将三通工件夹紧在由上模(11)、 下模(12)所合成的容腔内, 支撑缸(14)将三通支管腔 (140)内的支撑杆(141)推向三通工件的管壁。
2 ) 向三通工件内充注挤压介质。
3 ) 向挤压介质增压, 挤压介质挤压三通工件的管壁, 三通支管在所述三通支管腔(140) 内成形。
4)三通工件内挤压介质卸压, 支撑杆(141)将三通工件顶出容腔。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的三通成形模具的三通成形方法, 其特征在于: 在三通工件内充 注液态水, 在三通支管挤压成形的步骤中, 液态水压是 4(Tl00MPa。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的三通成形模具的成形方法, 其特征在于: 在三通支管挤压成形 的步骤中, 液态水压的优选值为 6(T80 MPa。
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