WO2012068945A1 - 墙体砌块、墙角以及墙体 - Google Patents

墙体砌块、墙角以及墙体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012068945A1
WO2012068945A1 PCT/CN2011/081542 CN2011081542W WO2012068945A1 WO 2012068945 A1 WO2012068945 A1 WO 2012068945A1 CN 2011081542 W CN2011081542 W CN 2011081542W WO 2012068945 A1 WO2012068945 A1 WO 2012068945A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
rib
wall block
fiber
rubber powder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/081542
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
Original Assignee
北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2010105744128A external-priority patent/CN102409794A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010105744147A external-priority patent/CN102409795A/zh
Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority to AU2011334309A priority Critical patent/AU2011334309B2/en
Priority to RU2013128445/03A priority patent/RU2561396C2/ru
Priority to US13/989,812 priority patent/US8925276B2/en
Priority to EP11842570.1A priority patent/EP2644795A4/en
Priority to JP2013540223A priority patent/JP5706534B2/ja
Publication of WO2012068945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012068945A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/54Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction and, in particular, to a hollow wall block. Further, the present invention relates to a corner which is formed by stacking the above wall blocks. Background technique
  • the process of constructing a building is as follows: First, the load-bearing structure of the building is formed by pouring; then, the wall-building block is piled up with the load-bearing structure as a skeleton to form an additional structure of the building, such as a wall; Complete the construction of the building.
  • the invention relates to a corner and a wall which are stacked from the above-mentioned wall blocks.
  • the present invention provides a wall block, wherein the wall block includes a first wall, a second wall, a third wall, and a rib, the first wall and the The second walls are parallel to each other, and the third wall is fixedly connected between the first wall and the second wall at one end of the first wall and the second wall, and the rib is fixedly connected A hollow portion is formed between the first wall and the second wall and with the third wall.
  • the wall block includes an opening portion between the first wall and the second wall, and the rib is located between the opening portion and the hollow portion.
  • the first wall, the second wall, the third wall and the rib are of the same height, and the upper surface of the third wall and the rib and the upper surface of the first wall and the second wall Qi Ping.
  • the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the rib is provided with a recess.
  • the concave portion has a trapezoidal shape in cross section.
  • the depth of the recess is 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the rib.
  • the wall block has a structure that is symmetrical in the width direction and has a structure that is symmetrical in a height direction, and a plane of the third wall that faces the hollow portion and an orientation of the rib
  • the planes of the hollow portions are all perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall.
  • the hollow portion and the opening portion have a rectangular shape, and the length of the opening portion is 1/3 - 2/3 of the length of the hollow portion.
  • the wall block is obtained by curing a material composition containing silica sand, cement, water reducing agent, redispersible rubber powder, fiber and water, wherein, relative to 100 weight 1-10.
  • the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10.
  • the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10 1-10 ⁇
  • the content of the water is from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight.
  • the fiber is one or more of a synthetic fiber, an inorganic fiber, a mineral fiber, and a plant fiber, the fiber having a length of 1 to 30 mm, an average diameter of 0.1 to 100 microns.
  • the redispersible rubber powder is a copolymer rubber powder of vinyl acetate and ethylene, a ternary copolymer rubber powder of ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate, a copolymer rubber powder of acrylate and styrene, and styrene.
  • the redispersible rubber powder has a weight average molecular weight of from 500 to 20,000 and an average particle diameter of from 1 to 300 ⁇ m in one or more of copolymerized rubber powders with butadiene.
  • the silica sand has an average particle diameter of from 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the water reducing agent is one or more of a lignosulfonate, a polycyclic aromatic salt, and a water-soluble resin sulfonate.
  • the present invention provides a wall corner comprising the plurality of the wall blocks, the plurality of wall blocks are stacked in the height direction, and any two wall walls adjacent to each other in the height direction
  • the lengthwise directions of the blocks are perpendicular to each other to form vertical through holes inside the corners.
  • the present invention provides a wall block, wherein the wall block includes first and second walls parallel to each other and fixedly coupled to the first wall and a first rib and a second rib between the second wall, a hollow portion is formed between the first rib and the second rib, the wall block further comprising the first wall and the a first opening portion and a second opening portion between the second walls, and the first rib is located between the first opening portion and the hollow portion, and the second rib is located at the second opening portion Between the hollow portions.
  • the first rib, the second rib, the first wall and the second wall have the same height, and the first rib And an upper surface of the second rib is flush with an upper surface of the first wall and the second wall.
  • the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the first rib are provided with a recess
  • the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the second rib are provided with a recess.
  • the concave portion has a trapezoidal shape in cross section.
  • the depth of the recess is 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the first rib.
  • the wall block has a centrally symmetrical structure, and a plane of the first rib facing the hollow portion and a plane of the second rib facing the hollow portion and the first wall
  • the length direction is vertical.
  • the hollow portion, the first opening portion and the second opening portion have a rectangular shape, and the lengths of the first opening portion and the second opening portion are 1/3 of the length of the hollow portion. 2/3.
  • the wall block is obtained by curing a material composition containing silica sand, cement, water reducing agent, redispersible rubber powder, fiber and water, wherein, relative to 100 weight 1-10.
  • the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10.
  • the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10 1-10 ⁇
  • the content of the water is from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight.
  • the fiber is one or more of a synthetic fiber, an inorganic fiber, a mineral fiber, and a plant fiber, the fiber having a length of 1 to 30 mm, an average diameter of 0.1 to 100 microns.
  • the redispersible rubber powder is a copolymer rubber powder of vinyl acetate and ethylene, a ternary copolymer rubber powder of ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate, a copolymer rubber powder of acrylate and styrene, and styrene.
  • the redispersible rubber powder has a weight average molecular weight of from 500 to 20,000 and an average particle diameter of from 1 to 300 ⁇ m in one or more of copolymerized rubber powders with butadiene.
  • the silica sand has an average particle diameter of from 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the water reducing agent is one or more of a lignosulfonate, a polycyclic aromatic salt, and a water-soluble resin sulfonate.
  • the present invention provides a wall body comprising the plurality of the wall blocks, wherein the plurality of wall blocks are sequentially stacked along a length direction and a height direction to form an interior of the wall. Vertical through hole.
  • the present invention provides a wall block, wherein the wall block includes first and second walls parallel to each other and fixedly coupled to the first wall and the a first rib and a second rib between the second wall, a hollow portion is formed between the first rib and the second rib, the wall block further comprising a first flange, the first flange Located on a side of the first wall facing the hollow and/or on a side of the second wall facing the hollow.
  • the upper surface of the first flange is flush with the upper surface of the first wall and/or the second wall.
  • the first flange extends over the entire length of the first wall and/or the second wall along the length of the wall block.
  • the width of the first flange is 1/10 to 1/4 of the width of the hollow portion.
  • the wall block includes a first opening portion between the first wall and the second wall, and the first rib is located between the first opening portion and the hollow portion .
  • the wall block further includes a second flange on a side of the first rib facing the hollow portion and/or a side facing the first opening portion .
  • the wall block further includes a second opening portion between the first wall and the second wall, and the second rib is located at the second opening portion and the hollow portion between.
  • the wall block further includes a third flange on a side of the second rib facing the hollow portion and/or a side facing the second opening portion .
  • the wall block further comprises a first protrusion and/or a first recess, the first protrusion and/or the first recess being located on an upper surface and a lower surface of the wall block On at least one of the surfaces.
  • the wall block further comprises a second protrusion and/or a second recess, the second protrusion and/or the second recess being located along the wall of the wall block At least one of the end faces of the both ends in the longitudinal direction of the block.
  • a longitudinal reinforcing rib extending along a length direction of the wall block is disposed in the first wall and/or the second wall, and the first rib and/or the second rib are disposed There are transverse reinforcing ribs extending along the width direction of the wall block, and the transverse reinforcing ribs are fixedly connected or integrally formed with the longitudinal reinforcing ribs.
  • the wall block is obtained by curing a material composition containing silica sand, cement, water reducing agent, redispersible rubber powder, fiber and water, wherein, relative to 100 weight 1-10.
  • the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10.
  • the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10 1-10 ⁇
  • the content of the water is from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight.
  • the fiber is one or more of a synthetic fiber, an inorganic fiber, a mineral fiber, and a plant fiber, the fiber having a length of 1 to 30 mm, an average diameter of 0.1 to 100 microns.
  • the redispersible rubber powder is a copolymer rubber powder of vinyl acetate and ethylene, a ternary copolymer rubber powder of ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate, a copolymer rubber powder of acrylate and styrene, and styrene.
  • One or more of copolymerized rubber powders with butadiene, the redispersible rubber powder has a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, and an average particle diameter
  • the water reducing agent is one or more of a lignosulfonate, a polycyclic aromatic salt, and a water-soluble resin sulfonate, being 1-300 ⁇ m.
  • the silica sand has an average particle diameter of from 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the wall block has a hollow structure
  • the load-bearing structure (such as the load-bearing column) can be directly arranged in the hollow structure of the wall block without the need for the load-bearing structure like the traditional solid wall block. (such as the load-bearing column) is surrounded by a large number of piles. Therefore, the wall block provided by the invention can save the construction time of the pile and improve the construction efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wall block according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a wall block according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the wall block taken along line A-A of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a corner of a wall provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of a wall block according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a front view of a wall block according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a side elevational view of a wall block provided by a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the structure of a wall according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a wall block provided by a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a wall block according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a plan view of a wall block provided by a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a bottom plan view of a wall block according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a left side elevational view of the wall block provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a reinforcing rib skeleton composed of a longitudinal reinforcing rib and a lateral reinforcing rib of a wall block according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Description of the reference numerals
  • the longitudinal direction referred to in the present embodiment means the X direction in FIG. 1
  • the width direction means the Y direction in FIG. 1
  • the height direction means the Z direction in FIG. 1
  • the upper surface is the first wall 11 in FIG.
  • the present embodiment provides a wall block including a first wall 11, a second wall 12, a third wall 13, and a rib 14, the first wall 11 and the The second walls 12 are parallel to each other, and the third wall 13 is fixedly connected between the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 at one end of the first wall 11 and the second wall 12, a rib 14 fixedly coupled between the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 and forming a hollow with the third wall 13
  • the load-bearing structure such as the load-bearing column
  • a large number of piles are stacked around (such as the load-bearing column). Therefore, the wall block provided by the embodiment can save the construction time and improve the construction efficiency.
  • the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 are parallel to each other, so that the wall is easily stacked into a plane, which facilitates the subsequent work such as decoration.
  • the third wall 13 and the rib 14 are fixedly coupled between the first wall 11 and the second wall 12, and may form a hollow structure. At the same time, the fixed connection can increase the strength of the wall block, so that the wall block has high durability.
  • the first wall 11, the second wall 12, the third wall 13, and the ribs 14 may be fixedly joined together in various ways, such as by an adhesive or the like. Of course, for convenience of manufacture and cost reduction, preferably, the first wall 11, the second wall 12, the third wall 13, and the rib 14 are integrally formed, such as integrally cast.
  • the wall block includes an opening portion 16 between the first wall 11 and the second wall 12, and the rib 14 is located at the opening.
  • the portion 16 is between the hollow portion 17.
  • the opening portion 16 may be opposed to the opening portion of the other wall block to form a space for arranging the load-bearing column.
  • the wall formed by the wall block has interconnected passages, and the concrete or the heat insulating material can be evenly distributed in the wall when pouring concrete or filling the heat insulating material, thereby improving the strength or heat preservation of the wall. effect.
  • the first wall 11, the second wall 12, the third wall 13, and the rib 14 have the same height, and the upper surface of the third wall 13 and the rib 14 and the first wall 11 and The upper surface of the second wall 12 is flush.
  • Such wall blocks are easy to manufacture and transport, and are convenient for stacking wall blocks.
  • the wall formed by stacking the upper and lower surfaces of the wall block has a high strength.
  • the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the rib 14 is provided with a recess 28.
  • Providing such a structure saves material and reduces the weight of the wall block.
  • load-bearing columns may be arranged at the concave portion 28 along the length direction of the wall block (i.e., the X direction) as necessary to increase the strength of the wall piled up by the wall block.
  • the cross section of the recess 28 may be of various shapes such as a rectangle, a semicircle or an irregular pattern.
  • the recess 28 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
  • the depth of the recess 28 should be limited to a suitable range.
  • the depth of the recess 28 is 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the rib 14.
  • the wall block is generally formed into a symmetrical structure. Specifically, the wall block has a structure that is symmetrical in the width direction and has a structure that is symmetrical in the height direction, and a plane of the third wall 13 that faces the hollow portion 17 and the rib 14 The plane toward the hollow portion 17 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall 11.
  • vertical as used herein means that the overall course of the rib 14 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall 11.
  • the hollow portion 17 and the opening portion 16 have a rectangular shape, and the length of the opening portion 16 is 1/3 to 2/3 of the length of the hollow portion 17.
  • such a structure can provide sufficient space for arranging the load-bearing columns, which can effectively increase the strength of the wall and increase the durability of the wall. This will be described in detail when the wall is described below.
  • the length of the opening portion 16 is 1/2 of the length of the hollow portion 17.
  • the hollow portion formed by the opening portions 16 of two adjacent wall blocks during the stacking construction has the same shape and size as the hollow portion 17, and is filled with cement.
  • the cement mortar can uniformly flow into the hollow portion and the hollow portion 17 to increase the strength of the wall.
  • such a design makes the load-bearing structure disposed in the wall evenly distributed, and the strength of the wall can be more effectively improved.
  • the shapes of the hollow portion 17 and the opening portion 16 are not limited to rectangular shapes, and may be, for example, circular, semicircular, or other irregular patterns.
  • the shape of the hollow portion 17 and the opening portion 16 can be selected and determined depending on the specific application. Further, the shape of the hollow portion 17 and the shape of the opening portion 16 are not necessarily the same.
  • the wall block can be made of materials known to those skilled in the art, such as concrete, gypsum, etc., and can be made of other materials.
  • the wall block provided by the embodiment is obtained by curing a material composition containing silica sand, cement, water reducing agent, redispersible rubber powder, fiber and water, wherein The content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5-3. 0 parts by weight, the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5 parts by weight, the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10 ⁇ The content of the fiber is 0. 1-10 parts by weight, the water content is 15-50 parts by weight.
  • the inventors conducted a detailed study on the wall block made of silica sand as the main material, and unexpectedly found that when adding the redispersible rubber powder and fiber, the strength of the obtained brick can reach or exceed that of the concrete brick.
  • the strength of the block allows the wall block to meet the building requirements. 5-1.
  • the weight ratio of the fiber to the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5-1. 5: 1, the strength of the obtained wall block is higher; more preferably, the fiber and The weight ratio of the redispersible rubber powder is 0.8-1. 2: 1, thereby providing a material composition for preparing a wall block which is very suitable for application in a sand-rich region.
  • the type of the fiber is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, synthetic fiber or inorganic fiber.
  • One or more of a dimension (such as glass fiber), mineral fiber, and plant fiber, the size of the fiber may vary over a wide range, but the inventors of the present invention found that when the length is 1-30 mm, When the fiber has a diameter of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, the strength of the obtained wall block can be made higher; more preferably, the fiber has a length of 5 to 15 mm and a diameter of 5 to 50.
  • the type of the "redistributable rubber powder” is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a copolymer rubber powder of vinyl acetate and ethylene, a ternary copolymer rubber powder of ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate, or acrylic acid.
  • the redispersible rubber powder may have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000 and an average particle diameter of 1 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the redispersible powders meeting the above requirements are commercially available, for example, LR-80 and LR-100 redispersible powders produced by Shirezhuang Longrui Building Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the source of the silica sand is not limited, and one or more selected from the group consisting of sea sand, tidal sand, river sand, aeolian sand, artificial sand, and reclaimed sand may be used, and more preferably, the wind is used.
  • the average particle diameter of the silica sand is not particularly limited, and silica sand having an average particle diameter of 10 to 500 ⁇ m can be used, and an aeolian sand having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m is more preferably used.
  • the type of the water reducing agent is known to those skilled in the art, and for example, the water reducing agent may be a lignosulfonate, a polycyclic aromatic salt, and a water-soluble resin sulfonate.
  • the above water reducing agent can be obtained commercially, for example, it can be purchased from Beijing Muhu Admixture Co., Ltd.
  • the material composition provided by the present embodiment may be uniformly mixed with water and then introduced into a mold to be solidified to obtain a wall block.
  • the embodiment further provides a wall corner, the plurality of the wall blocks 1 in the corner, and the plurality of the wall blocks 1 are stacked in the height direction, and are in the height direction.
  • the length directions of any two adjacent wall blocks 1 are perpendicular to each other, thereby forming a vertical through hole H located inside the corner.
  • the vertical through hole H can be used to fill the thermal insulation material, improve the thermal insulation performance of the wall, or can be poured into the cement mortar or inserted into the load-bearing structure to increase the strength of the wall.
  • the corners of the present embodiment are not limited to the specific form shown in Fig. 4.
  • the wall blocks provided in the present embodiment may also form a T-shaped corner or a cross-shaped corner.
  • the length direction of the upper and lower adjacent wall blocks 1 is not necessarily vertical, for example, forming an obtuse or acute angle.
  • the form in which the corners are to be formed should be determined according to specific needs.
  • the use of the wall block provided by the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the wall block can be used to build the wall body in addition to the wall corner.
  • Second embodiment the wall block provided by the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the wall block can be used to build the wall body in addition to the wall corner.
  • the longitudinal direction referred to in the present embodiment means the X direction in FIG. 5, the width direction means the Y direction in FIG. 5, the height direction means the Z direction in FIG. 5, and the upper surface is the first wall 21 in FIG.
  • the embodiment provides a wall block, and the wall block includes a first wall parallel to each other.
  • the wall block further includes a first opening portion 25 and a second opening portion 26 between the first wall 21 and the second wall 22, and the first rib 23 is located between the first opening portion 25 and the hollow portion 27, and the second rib 24 is located between the second opening portion 26 and the hollow portion 27.
  • the wall block has a hollow structure
  • the load-bearing structure (such as the load-bearing column) can be directly arranged in the hollow structure of the wall block without the need for the load-bearing structure like the traditional solid wall block.
  • a large number of piles are stacked around (such as the load-bearing column). Therefore, the wall block provided by the embodiment can save the construction time and improve the construction efficiency.
  • the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are parallel to each other, so that the wall is easily stacked into a plane, which facilitates the subsequent work such as decoration.
  • the first rib 23 and the second rib 24 are fixedly connected between the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 to form a hollow structure, and at the same time, the fixed connection can increase the strength of the wall block.
  • the wall block has high durability.
  • the first wall 21, the second wall 22, the first rib 23 and the second rib 24 may be fixedly joined together in various ways, for example, by an adhesive or the like.
  • the first wall 21, the second wall 22, the first rib 23 and the second rib 24 are integrally formed, for example, integrally cast.
  • the first rib 23, the second rib 24, the first wall 21, and the second wall 22 have the same height, and the first rib 23 and the second rib 24 are upper
  • the surface is flush with the upper surfaces of the first wall 21 and the second wall 22.
  • Such wall blocks are convenient for manufacturing and transportation, and are convenient for stacking wall blocks.
  • the wall in which the upper and lower surfaces are flush and the wall blocks are stacked has a high strength.
  • the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the first rib 23 is provided with a recess 28, and the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the second rib 24 is provided with a recess 28.
  • Providing such a structure saves material and reduces the weight of the wall block.
  • the cross section of the recess 28 can be of various shapes such as a rectangle, a semicircle or an irregular pattern.
  • the recess 28 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
  • the depth of the recess 28 should be limited to a suitable range.
  • the depth of the recess 28 is 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the first rib 23.
  • the wall block has a centrally symmetrical structure, and the orientation of the first rib 23
  • the plane of the hollow portion 27 and the plane of the second rib 24 facing the hollow portion 27 are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall 21.
  • the vertical direction herein means that the overall course of the first rib 23 and the overall course of the second rib 24 are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall 21.
  • the hollow portion 27, the first opening portion 25, and the second opening portion 26 have a rectangular shape, and the lengths of the first opening portion 25 and the second opening portion 26 are
  • the hollow portion 27 has a length of 1/3 to 2/3. In the stacking process, such a structure can provide sufficient space for arranging the load-bearing columns, which can effectively increase the strength of the wall and increase the durability of the wall. More preferably, the length of the first opening portion 25 and the second opening portion 26 is 1/2 of the length of the hollow portion 27.
  • the shape and size of the hollow portion formed by each two adjacent wall blocks during the stacking construction are the same as the shape and size of the hollow portion 27, when the cement mortar is filled,
  • the cement mortar can flow uniformly into all of the hollow portion and the hollow portion 27 to increase the strength of the wall.
  • such a design makes the load-bearing structure disposed in the wall evenly distributed, and the strength of the wall can be more effectively improved.
  • the shape of the hollow portion 27 and the opening portion is not limited to a rectangle, and may be, for example, a circular shape, a semicircular shape, or other irregular patterns.
  • the shape of the hollow portion 27 and the opening portion can be selectively determined depending on the specific application. Further, the shape of the hollow portion 27 and the shape of the opening portion are not necessarily the same.
  • the wall block can be made of materials known to those skilled in the art, such as concrete, gypsum, etc., and can be made of other materials.
  • the wall block provided by the embodiment is obtained by curing a material composition containing silica sand, cement, water reducing agent, redispersible rubber powder, fiber and water, wherein The content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5-3. 0 parts by weight, the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5 parts by weight, the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10 ⁇ The content of the fiber is 0. 1-10 parts by weight, the water content is 15-50 parts by weight.
  • the inventors conducted a detailed study on the wall block made of silica sand as the main material, and unexpectedly found that when adding the redispersible rubber powder and fiber, the strength of the obtained brick can reach or exceed that of the concrete brick.
  • the strength of the block allows the wall block to meet the building requirements.
  • the weight ratio of the fiber to the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 2-1. 2 ⁇
  • the weight ratio of the weight ratio of 0. 8-1. 2 1, thus providing a material composition for preparing wall blocks that is well suited for use in areas rich in sand resources.
  • the kind of the fiber is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, one or more of synthetic fibers, inorganic fibers (such as glass fibers), mineral fibers, and plant fibers, and the size of the fibers may be very large.
  • synthetic fibers such as glass fibers
  • inorganic fibers such as glass fibers
  • mineral fibers such as mineral fibers
  • plant fibers such as plant fibers
  • the size of the fibers may be very large.
  • the type of the "redistributable rubber powder” is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a copolymer rubber powder of vinyl acetate and ethylene, a ternary copolymer rubber powder of ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate, or acrylic acid.
  • the redispersible rubber powder may have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000 and an average particle diameter of 1 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the redispersible powders meeting the above requirements are commercially available, for example, LR-80 and LR-100 redispersible powders produced by Shirezhuang Longrui Building Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the source of the silica sand is not limited, and one or more selected from the group consisting of sea sand, tidal sand, river sand, aeolian sand, artificial sand, and reclaimed sand may be used, and more preferably, the wind is used.
  • the average particle diameter of the silica sand is not particularly limited, and silica sand having an average particle diameter of 10 to 500 ⁇ m can be used, and an aeolian sand having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m is more preferably used.
  • the type of the water reducing agent is known to those skilled in the art, and for example, the water reducing agent may be a lignosulfonate, a polycyclic aromatic salt, and a water-soluble resin sulfonate.
  • the above water reducing agent can be obtained commercially, for example, it can be purchased from Beijing Muhu Admixture Co., Ltd.
  • the material composition provided by the present embodiment may be uniformly mixed with water and then introduced into a mold to be solidified to obtain a wall block.
  • the embodiment further provides a wall body including a plurality of the wall blocks 2, and the plurality of the wall blocks 2 are sequentially oriented along the length direction and the height direction. Stacked to form a vertical through hole H located inside the wall. Further, when the first rib 23 and the second rib 24 are provided with the concave portion 28, the wall blocks are sequentially stacked to form a horizontal through hole inside the wall.
  • the vertical through holes H and the horizontal through holes can be used to fill the heat insulating material, improve the insulation performance of the wall, or can be poured into the cement mortar or inserted into the load bearing structure to increase the strength of the wall.
  • the mouth portion and the second opening portion are collectively referred to as an opening portion.
  • a plurality of the wall blocks are stacked in the longitudinal direction so that the opening portions of the adjacent wall blocks are opposed to each other to form a combined hole.
  • the plurality of wall blocks are stacked in the height direction, so that the hollow portion of the wall block and the hollow portion or the combined hole of the other wall block in the height direction penetrate up and down to form the inside of the wall.
  • the wall provided by the present embodiment is not limited to the form shown in Fig. 8, and the specific structure thereof should be determined according to the specific needs.
  • the wall block provided by the embodiment can also be mixed with a common wall block, and the above-mentioned vertical through hole is formed at a position where the strength is required to improve the strength of the wall to some extent.
  • the length direction refers to the X direction in FIG. 9, the width direction refers to the Y direction in FIG. 9, and the height direction refers to the Z direction in FIG. 9;
  • the length refers to the dimension in the length direction, and the width is Refers to the dimension in the width direction, the height refers to the dimension in the height direction;
  • the upper surface refers to the upward facing surface of the first wall 31 and the second wall 32 in FIG. 9, and the lower surface refers to the first wall in FIG. 31.
  • the downward facing surface of the second wall 32, the end face being the surface of the end of the wall block shown in FIG.
  • the embodiment provides a wall block, and the wall block includes a first wall parallel to each other.
  • the wall block further includes a first flange a, the first flange a being located on a side of the first wall 31 facing the hollow portion 37 and/or the first The second wall 32 faces the side of the hollow portion 37.
  • the wall block includes a first flange a, and the first flange a can support the filling material of the upper portion thereof to generate a supporting force on the filling material of the upper portion, and the wall block passes the Friction (or adhesion) between the first wall 31, the second wall 32, the first rib 33 and the second rib 34 and the filling material, the supporting force of the first flange a to the filling material, and the inside of the filling material.
  • Friction or adhesion
  • the first wall 31 and the second wall 32 are parallel to each other, so that the wall can be easily stacked into a plane, which is convenient for subsequent work such as decoration.
  • the first rib 33 and the second rib 34 are fixedly connected between the first wall 31 and the second wall 32 to form a hollow portion 37, which can form a space for accommodating the filling material, and at the same time, the fixed connection can be improved.
  • the strength of the wall blocks gives the wall blocks a high degree of durability.
  • the first wall 31, the second wall 32, the first rib 33 and the second rib 34 may be fixedly joined together in a variety of ways, such as by an adhesive.
  • the first wall 31, the second wall 32, the first rib 33, and the second The ribs 34 are formed in one piece, such as being integrally cast.
  • the first flange a may be formed in various shapes such as a plate shape.
  • the surface of the first flange a may be made rough, or an uneven structure may be provided on the surface of the first flange a.
  • a plurality of the first flanges a may be formed on the same wall (i.e., the first wall 31 or the second wall 32).
  • the extending direction of the first flange a may be the same as or different from the extending direction of the first wall 31 and the second wall 32.
  • the first flange a may be disposed on the sides of the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32 in a variety of manners, such as by an adhesive.
  • the first flange a and the first wall 31 and/or the The second wall 32 is formed integrally.
  • the first flange a may be disposed at any position on the side of the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32, such as near the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32.
  • the upper surface of the first flange a is flush with the upper surface of the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32. In this way, the wall blocks are easy to manufacture and transport, and are convenient for stacking wall blocks.
  • the first flange a extends over the entire length of the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32 along the length direction of the wall block. . Since the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32 have the first flange a throughout the length direction, the wall block can sufficiently disperse the filling of various parts of the wall body. The weight of the material prevents the filling material from breaking.
  • the present embodiment is not limited thereto, and for example, the first flange a may extend over a portion of the length of the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32.
  • the contact area of the first flange a with the filler material should be appropriately increased, that is, the size of the first flange a should be increased.
  • the width of the first flange a is 1/10 to 1/4 of the width of the hollow portion 37. In this way, a sufficient contact area between the first flange a and the filling material can be ensured, and the filling material can be smoothly passed through the hollow portion 37 into the hollow portion 37 of the other wall block, thereby Prevents faults in the filling material inside the wall.
  • the first flange a may be disposed on the first wall 31 or the second wall 32, or may be disposed on the first wall 31 and the second wall 32 at the same time.
  • the first flange a is disposed on the first wall 31 and the second wall 32, and the first flange a on the first wall 31 and the first flange on the second wall 32 a has the same shape, structure and size.
  • the first flange a can uniformly distribute the weight of the filling material to the first wall 31 and the second wall 32 of the wall block, thereby preventing the wall due to uneven force. The breakage of the block. As shown in FIG.
  • the wall block includes a first opening portion 35 between the first wall 31 and the second wall 32, and the first rib 33 is located at the first An opening 35 is formed between the opening 37 and the hollow portion 37.
  • the wall block further includes a second opening portion 36 between the first wall 31 and the second wall 32, and the second rib 34 is located at the second opening portion 36 is between the hollow portion 37.
  • the hollow portion 37, the first opening portion 35, and the second opening portion 36 are rectangular in shape, and the first opening portion 35 and the second opening portion 36 are formed.
  • the length is 1/3 to 2/3 of the length of the hollow portion 37.
  • Such a structure can provide sufficient filling space during the stacking process to allow the filling material to uniformly enter the hollow portion and the hollow portion 37, thereby improving the performance of the wall (e.g., insulation performance, strength).
  • the shape of the hollow portion 37, the first opening portion 35, and the second opening portion 36 is not limited to a rectangle, and may be, for example, a circular shape, a semicircular shape, or other irregular patterns.
  • the shape of the hollow portion 37, the first opening portion 35, and the second opening portion 36 can be selectively determined depending on the specific application. Further, the shapes of the hollow portion 37, the first opening portion 35, and the second opening portion 36 are not necessarily the same.
  • the wall block further includes a second flange (not shown) on the side of the first rib 33 facing the hollow portion 37 and/or toward the side On one side of the first opening portion 35.
  • a second flange (not shown) on the side of the first rib 33 facing the hollow portion 37 and/or toward the side On one side of the first opening portion 35.
  • the wall block further includes a third flange (not shown) on the side of the second rib 34 facing the hollow portion 37 and/or toward the side On one side of the second opening portion 36.
  • a third flange (not shown) on the side of the second rib 34 facing the hollow portion 37 and/or toward the side On one side of the second opening portion 36.
  • the second flange and the third flange can further disperse the weight of the filling material, improve the bonding strength between the wall block and the filling material, thereby preventing the heat insulating material in the wall body from being under the gravity of itself sink.
  • the second flange and the third flange can also increase the strength of the wall block and prevent the wall block from breaking under the pressure of the filling material and the wall.
  • the shape, structure, size, and arrangement of the second flange and the third flange are similar to those of the first flange a, and are not described herein.
  • the second flange and the third flange may be designed according to a specific application. For example, only the second flange may be provided, only the third flange may be provided, and the second flange and the third flange may be simultaneously provided. . Moreover, the second flange and the third flange may have the same shape size or different shape sizes.
  • the wall block further includes a first protrusion b and/or a first recess c, the first protrusion b and/or the first recess c Located on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the wall block.
  • the wall blocks adjacent in the height direction may pass through the first protrusion b and The cooperation of the first recessed portion c realizes accurate positioning of the wall block and prevents the wall from being skewed.
  • the connection strength between the wall blocks can be improved, so that the wall can bear a larger load.
  • the wall block further comprises a second protrusion and/or a second recess (not shown), the second protrusion and/or the second recess being located at the wall block At least one of the end faces of the both ends along the length direction of the wall block.
  • the wall blocks adjacent in the longitudinal direction can realize the accurate positioning of the wall block by the cooperation of the second protrusion and the second recess, thereby preventing the wall from being skewed.
  • the joint between the second projection and the second recess can also improve the joint strength between the wall blocks, so that the wall can withstand a larger load.
  • the first wall 31 and/or the second wall 32 are disposed to extend along the length of the wall block.
  • Longitudinal reinforcing ribs 30, the first ribs 33 and/or the second ribs 34 are provided with lateral reinforcing ribs 39 extending in the width direction of the wall block, and the transverse reinforcing ribs 39 are
  • the longitudinal reinforcing ribs 30 are fixedly connected or formed in one body.
  • the material of the longitudinal reinforcing ribs 30 and the lateral reinforcing ribs 39 may be various materials such as steel materials as long as the strength of the wall blocks can be increased.
  • the longitudinal stiffeners 30 and the transverse stiffeners 39 can also be fixedly joined by a variety of methods, such as welding, bolting, and the like. Further, in addition to the longitudinal reinforcing ribs 30 and the lateral reinforcing ribs 39, vertical reinforcing ribs (not shown) extending in the height direction may be disposed in the wall block, and the vertical reinforcing may be performed. The ribs are fixedly coupled or integrally formed with the longitudinal reinforcing ribs 30 and the lateral reinforcing ribs 39 to increase the strength of the wall block.
  • the first rib 33, the second rib 34, the first wall 31, and the second wall 32 have the same height, and the first rib 33 and the second rib 34 are upper
  • the surface is flush with the upper surfaces of the first wall 31 and the second wall 32.
  • Such wall blocks are convenient for manufacturing and transportation, and are convenient for stacking wall blocks.
  • the wall with the upper surface and the lower surface which are flushed with the wall block has a high strength.
  • the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the first rib 33 are provided with a recess 38, and the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the second rib 34 are provided with a recess 38.
  • Providing such a structure saves material and reduces the weight of the wall block.
  • the cross section of the recess 38 can be of various shapes such as a rectangle, a semicircle or an irregular pattern.
  • the recess 38 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
  • the strength of the body block should limit the depth of the recess 38 to a suitable range.
  • the depth of the recess 38 is 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the first rib 33.
  • the wall block has a centrally symmetrical structure, and the orientation of the first rib 33
  • the plane of the hollow portion 37 and the plane of the second rib 34 facing the hollow portion 37 are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall 31.
  • the vertical direction herein means that the overall course of the first rib 33 and the overall course of the second rib 34 are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first wall 31.
  • the wall block can be made of materials known to those skilled in the art, such as concrete, gypsum, etc., and can be made of other materials.
  • the wall block provided by the embodiment is obtained by curing a material composition containing silica sand, cement, water reducing agent, redispersible rubber powder, fiber and water, wherein The content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5-3. 0 parts by weight, the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5 parts by weight, the content of the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 1-10 ⁇ The content of the fiber is 0. 1-10 parts by weight, the water content is 15-50 parts by weight.
  • the inventors conducted a detailed study on the wall block made of silica sand as the main material, and unexpectedly found that when adding the redispersible rubber powder and fiber, the strength of the obtained brick can reach or exceed that of the concrete brick.
  • the strength of the block allows the wall block to meet the building requirements. 5-1.
  • the weight ratio of the fiber to the redispersible rubber powder is 0. 5-1. 5: 1, the strength of the obtained wall block is higher; more preferably, the fiber and The weight ratio of the redispersible rubber powder is 0.8-1. 2: 1, thereby providing a material composition for preparing a wall block which is very suitable for application in a sand-rich region.
  • the kind of the fiber is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, one or more of synthetic fibers, inorganic fibers (such as glass fibers), mineral fibers, and plant fibers, and the size of the fibers may be very large.
  • synthetic fibers such as glass fibers
  • inorganic fibers such as glass fibers
  • mineral fibers such as mineral fibers
  • plant fibers such as plant fibers
  • the size of the fibers may be very large.
  • the type of the "redistributable rubber powder” is not particularly limited.
  • the redispersible rubber powder is a copolymer rubber powder of vinyl acetate and ethylene, a ternary copolymer rubber powder of ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate, a copolymer rubber powder of acrylate and styrene, and styrene.
  • the redispersible rubber powder has a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, and the average particle diameter may be 1 to 300 ⁇ m, and the water reducing agent is wood.
  • a sulfonate One or more of a sulfonate, a polycyclic aromatic salt, and a water-soluble resin sulfonate.
  • the redispersible rubber powder meeting the above requirements can be obtained commercially, for example, Shijiazhuang Longrui Building Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the LR-80 and LR-100 redispersible rubber powders are produced.
  • the above water reducing agents are commercially available, for example, they can be purchased from Beijing Muhu Admixture Co., Ltd.
  • the source of the silica sand is not limited, and one or more selected from the group consisting of sea sand, tidal sand, river sand, aeolian sand, artificial sand, and reclaimed sand may be used, and more preferably, the wind is used.
  • the average particle diameter of the silica sand is not particularly limited, and silica sand having an average particle diameter of 10 to 500 ⁇ m can be used, and an aeolian sand having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m is more preferably used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

墙体砌块、 墙角以及墙体
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑领域, 具体地, 涉及一种空心的墙体砌块。 此外, 本发明还涉及 一种由上述墙体砌块堆砌而成的墙角。 背景技术
一般来说, 构建建筑物的过程为: 首先, 利用浇注的方式形成建筑物的承重结构; 然后, 以承重结构为骨架堆砌墙体砌块, 形成建筑物的附加结构, 如墙体; 最后, 完成 建筑物的构建。
然而, 由于传统的墙体砌块多为实心结构, 在利用墙体砌块堆砌附加结构的过程 中, 往往需要堆砌大量的墙体砌块以包围承重结构 (如承重柱), 这便造成了施工时间 的延长, 使工作效率降低。
因此, 如何节约墙体砌块的堆砌时间, 提高施工效率成为本领域亟待解决的技术 问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种墙体砌块, 该墙体砌块可以节约堆砌施工时间, 提高施 工效率。
此外, 本发明还涉及一种由上述墙体砌块堆砌而成的墙角和墙体。
根据本发明的第一种实施方式, 本发明提供一种墙体砌块, 其中, 所述墙体砌块 包括第一壁、 第二壁、 第三壁和肋, 所述第一壁和所述第二壁相互平行, 所述第三壁在 所述第一壁和所述第二壁的一端固定连接在所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间,所述肋固定 连接在所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间并与所述第三壁形成中空部。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块包括开口部, 该开口部位于所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间, 并且所述肋位于所述开口部与所述中空部之间。
优选地, 所述第一壁、 第二壁、 第三壁以及肋的高度相同, 并且所述第三壁和所 述肋的上表面与所述第一壁和所述第二壁的上表面齐平。
优选地, 所述肋的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部。 优选地, 所述凹部的横截面形状为梯形。
优选地, 所述凹部的深度为所述肋的高度的 1/10-1/5。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块具有在宽度方向上对称的结构, 并具有在高度方向上对称 的结构, 并且所述第三壁的朝向所述中空部的平面以及所述肋的朝向所述中空部的平面 均与所述第一壁的长度方向垂直。
优选地, 所述中空部和开口部的形状为矩形, 且所述开口部的长度为所述中空部 的长度的 1/3-2/3。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅 砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0重量份, 所述可再分散性 胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份,所述纤维的含量为 0. 1-10重量份,所述水的含量为 15-50 重量份。
优选地, 所述纤维为合成纤维、 无机纤维、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的长度为 1-30毫米, 平均直径为 0. 1-100微米。
优选地, 所述可再分散性胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及 月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚 胶粉中的一种或多种, 所述可再分散性胶粉的重均分子量为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径 为 1-300微米。
优选地, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径为 10-500微米。
优选地, 所述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的 一种或多种。
本发明提供一种墙角, 该墙角包括所述的多个所述墙体砌块, 多个所述墙体砌块 沿高度方向依次堆砌, 且在高度方向上下相邻的任意两个墙体砌块的长度方向互相垂 直, 从而形成位于所述墙角内部的竖直通孔。
根据本发明的第二种实施方式, 本发明提供一种墙体砌块, 其中, 所述墙体砌块 包括彼此平行的第一壁和第二壁以及固定连接在所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间的第一 肋和第二肋, 所述第一肋和所述第二肋之间形成有中空部, 所述墙体砌块还包括位于所 述第一壁和所述第二壁之间的第一开口部和第二开口部, 并且所述第一肋位于所述第一 开口部与所述中空部之间, 所述第二肋位于所述第二开口部与所述中空部之间。
优选地, 所述第一肋、 第二肋、 第一壁以及第二壁的高度相同, 并且所述第一肋 和所述第二肋的上表面与所述第一壁和所述第二壁的上表面齐平。
优选地, 所述第一肋的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部, 并且所述第二肋的上表 面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部。
优选地, 所述凹部的横截面形状为梯形。
优选地, 所述凹部的深度为所述第一肋的高度的 1/10-1/5。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块具有中心对称的结构, 并且所述第一肋的朝向所述中空部 的平面以及所述第二肋的朝向所述中空部的平面与所述第一壁的长度方向垂直。
优选地, 所述中空部、 第一开口部和第二开口部的形状为矩形, 且所述第一开口 部和所述第二开口部的长度为所述中空部的长度的 1/3〜2/3。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅 砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0重量份, 所述可再分散性 胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份,所述纤维的含量为 0. 1-10重量份,所述水的含量为 15-50 重量份。
优选地, 所述纤维为合成纤维、 无机纤维、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的长度为 1-30毫米, 平均直径为 0. 1-100微米。
优选地, 所述可再分散性胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及 月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚 胶粉中的一种或多种, 所述可再分散性胶粉的重均分子量为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径 为 1-300微米。
优选地, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径为 10-500微米。
优选地, 所述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的 一种或多种。
本发明提供一种墙体, 该墙体包括所述的多个所述的墙体砌块, 多个所述的墙体 砌块沿长度方向和高度方向依次堆砌, 形成位于该墙体内部的竖直通孔。
根据本发明的第三种实施方式, 本发明提供一种墙体砌块, 其中, 该墙体砌块包 括相互平行的第一壁和第二壁以及固定连接在所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间的第一肋 和第二肋,所述第一肋和所述第二肋之间形成有中空部,所述墙体砌块还包括第一凸缘, 该第一凸缘位于所述第一壁朝向所述中空部的一侧上和 /或所述第二壁朝向中空部的一 侧上。 优选地, 所述第一凸缘的上表面与所述第一壁和 /或所述第二壁的上表面齐平。 优选地, 所述第一凸缘沿所述墙体砌块的长度方向在所述第一壁和 /或所述第二壁 的全部长度上延伸。
优选地, 所述第一凸缘的宽度为所述中空部的宽度的 1/10〜1/4。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块包括位于所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间的第一开口部, 并 且所述第一肋位于所述第一开口部与所述中空部之间。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第二凸缘, 该第二凸缘位于所述第一肋朝向所述中 空部的一侧上和 /或朝向所述第一开口部的一侧上。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括位于所述第一壁和所述第二壁之间的第二开口部, 并且所述第二肋位于所述第二开口部与所述中空部之间。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第三凸缘, 该第三凸缘位于所述第二肋朝向所述中 空部的一侧上和 /或朝向所述第二开口部的一侧上。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第一凸出部和 /或第一凹陷部, 该第一凸出部和 /或 第一凹陷部位于所述墙体砌块的上表面和下表面中的至少一个表面上。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第二凸出部和 /或第二凹陷部, 该第二凸出部和 /或 第二凹陷部位于所述墙体砌块的沿该墙体砌块的长度方向的两端的端面中的至少一个 端面上。
优选地, 所述第一壁和 /或所述第二壁内设置有沿所述墙体砌块的长度方向延伸的 纵向加强筋, 所述第一肋和 /或所述第二肋内设置有沿所述墙体砌块的宽度方向延伸的 横向加强筋, 并且该横向加强筋与所述纵向加强筋固定连接或形成为一体。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅 砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0重量份, 所述可再分散性 胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份,所述纤维的含量为 0. 1-10重量份,所述水的含量为 15-50 重量份。
优选地, 所述纤维为合成纤维、 无机纤维、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的长度为 1-30毫米, 平均直径为 0. 1-100微米。
优选地, 所述可再分散性胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及 月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚 胶粉中的一种或多种, 所述可再分散性胶粉的重均分子量为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径 为 1-300微米, 所述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中 的一种或多种。
优选地, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径为 10-500微米。
通过上述技术方案, 由于墙体砌块具有空心结构, 使承重结构 (如承重柱) 可以 直接布置在墙体砌块的空心结构中,而无需像传统的实心墙体砌块那样需要在承重结构 (如承重柱) 周围大量堆砌, 因此, 本发明所提供的墙体砌块可以节约堆砌施工时间, 提高施工效率。
本发明的其它技术特征和有益效果将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体 实施方式一起解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1为本发明的第一种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的立体结构示意图; 图 2为本发明的第一种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的主视图;
图 3为沿图 2的 A-A线处的墙体砌块的截面图。
图 4为本发明的优选实施方式所提供的墙角的立体结构示意图。
图 5为本发明的第二种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的立体结构示意图; 图 6为本发明的第二种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的主视图;
图 7为本发明的第二种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的侧视图。
图 8为本发明的优选实施方式所提供的墙体的立体结构示意图;
图 9为本发明的第三种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的透视图;
图 10为本发明的第三种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的剖视图;
图 11为本发明的第三种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的俯视图;
图 12为本发明的第三种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的仰视图;
图 13为本发明的第三种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的左视图;
图 14为本发明的第三种实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的纵向加强筋和横向加强筋所 组成的加强筋骨架的整体结构示意图。 附图标记说明
1、 2 墙体砌块 11、 21、 31 第一壁
12、 22、 32 第二壁
13 第三壁
14 肋
16 开口部
17、 27、 37 中空部
18、 28、 38 凹部
23、 33 第- -肋
24、 34 第二 :肋
25、 35 第- -开口部
26、 36 第二二开口部
30 纵向加强筋
39 横向加强筋
a 第一凸缘
b 第一凸出部
c 第一凹陷部
H 竖直通孔 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的 具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的限制。 第一种实施方式
本实施方式中所说的长度方向是指图 1中的 X方向, 宽度方向是指图 1中的 Y方 向, 高度方向是指图 1中的 Z方向, 上表面图 1中的第一壁 11、 第二壁 12的朝向上方 的表面, 下表面图 1中的第一壁 11、 第二壁 12的朝向下方的表面。
如图 1所示, 本实施方式提供一种墙体砌块, 该墙体砌块包括第一壁 11、 第二壁 12、第三壁 13和肋 14, 所述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12相互平行, 所述第三壁 13在所 述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12的一端固定连接在所述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12之间, 所述肋 14固定连接在所述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12之间并与所述第三壁 13形成中空 通过上述技术方案, 由于墙体砌块具有空心结构, 使承重结构 (如承重柱) 可以 直接布置在墙体砌块的空心结构中,而无需像传统的实心墙体砌块那样需要在承重结构 (如承重柱)周围大量堆砌, 因此, 本实施方式所提供的墙体砌块可以节约堆砌施工时 间, 提高施工效率。
所述第一壁 11和第二壁 12互相平行, 使墙体容易堆砌成平面, 这样便于装修等 后续工作的进行。 所述第三壁 13和所述肋 14固定连接在所述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12之间, 可以形成空心结构。 同时, 固定连接又可以提高墙体砌块的强度, 使所述墙体 砌块具有很高的耐用度。 所述第一壁 11、 第二壁 12、 第三壁 13和肋 14可以通过多种 方式固定连接在一起, 例如通过粘合剂等进行粘合。 当然, 为了制造方便, 降低成本, 优选地, 所述第一壁 11、 第二壁 12、 第三壁 13和肋 14一体形成, 如一体浇注而成。
如图 1所示, 优选地, 所述墙体砌块包括开口部 16, 该开口部 16位于所述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12之间, 并且所述肋 14位于所述开口部 16与所述中空部 17之间。在 堆砌过程中, 所述开口部 16可以与其它墙体砌块的开口部相对, 形成用于布置承重柱 的空间。 另外, 利用这种墙体砌块砌成的墙体内部具有互相连通的通道, 在浇筑混凝土 或填充保温材料的时混凝土或保温材料可以均匀地分布在墙体中,提高墙体的强度或保 温效果。
优选地, 所述第一壁 11、 第二壁 12、 第三壁 13以及肋 14的高度相同, 并且所述 第三壁 13和所述肋 14的上表面与所述第一壁 11和所述第二壁 12的上表面齐平。这样 墙体砌块既便于制造和运输, 又便于墙体砌块的堆砌。 同时, 利用这种上表面和下表面 均平齐墙体砌块堆砌成的墙体具有较高的强度。
如图 1所示, 优选地, 所述肋 14的所述的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部 28。 设置这样的结构既可以节省材料, 又可以减轻所述墙体砌块的重量。 另外, 必要时还可 以在所述凹部 28处沿所述墙体砌块的长度方向 (即 X方向) 布置承重柱, 以提高由所 述墙体砌块堆砌成的墙体的强度。
所述凹部 28的横截面可以为各种形状, 如矩形、 半圆形或不规则图形。 优选地, 所述凹部 28的横截面形状为梯形, 如图 3所示。 同时, 为了防止所述凹部 28降低墙体 砌块的强度, 应将所述凹部 28的深度限定在合适的范围内。 优选地, 所述凹部 28的深 度为所述肋 14的高度的 1/10〜1/5。
为了进一步增加所述墙体砌块的强度, 简化制造工艺流程, 提高所述墙体砌块可 用性,所述墙体砌块一般形成为对称的结构。 具体地, 所述墙体砌块具有在宽度方向上 对称的结构, 并具有在高度方向上对称的结构, 并且所述第三壁 13 的朝向所述中空部 17的平面以及所述肋 14的朝向所述中空部 17的平面均与所述第一壁 11的长度方向垂 直。 需要注意的时, 此处所述的垂直是指所述肋 14的整体走向与所述第一壁 11的长度 方向的关系为垂直关系。
如图 2所示, 优选地, 所述中空部 17和开口部 16的形状为矩形, 且所述开口部 16的长度为所述中空部 17的长度的 1/3〜2/3。在堆砌过程中, 这样的结构能够提供足 够的用于布置承重柱的空间, 可以有效地提高墙体的强度, 增加墙体的耐用度。 这将在 下文中描述墙体时进行详细地描述。
更优选地,所述开口部 16的长度为所述中空部 17的长度的 1/2。通过这样的设计, 在堆砌施工时由两个相邻的所述墙体砌块的开口部 16所形成的空心部分的形状和尺寸 都与所述中空部 17 的形状和尺寸相同, 在填充水泥砂浆时, 水泥砂浆能够均匀地流向 空心部分和所述中空部 17 中, 以提高墙体的强度。 同时, 这样的设计使得布置在墙体 中的承重结构分布均匀, 可以更有效地提高墙体的强度。
当然, 在本实施方式中, 中空部 17和开口部 16的形状并不限于矩形, 例如还可 以为圆形、 半圆形、 或其它不规则图形。 中空部 17和开口部 16的形状可以根据具体的 应用场合而加以选择确定。 另外, 中空部 17的形状与开口部 16的形状也不一定相同。
所述墙体砌块可以由本领域技术人员所公知的材料制成, 如混凝土、 石膏等, 也 可由其它材料制成。 本实施方式所提供的所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0 重量份, 所述可再分散性胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述纤维的含量为 0. 1-10重量 份, 所述水的含量为 15-50重量份。
发明人对以硅砂为主体材料的墙体砌块进行了细致的研究, 意外地发现, 当加入 可再分散性胶粉和纤维时, 使制得的砖块的强度能够达到或高于混凝土砖块的强度, 使 该墙体砌块能够满足建筑要求。 并且, 当所述纤维与所述可再分散性胶粉的重量比为 0. 5-1. 5: 1时, 制得的墙体砌块的强度更高; 更优选地, 所述纤维与所述可再分散性胶 粉的重量比为 0. 8-1. 2: 1,从而提供了一种非常适合于在沙资源丰富的地区应用的用于 制备墙体砌块的材料组合物。
本实施方式中, 所述纤维的种类没有特别的限制, 例如可以是合成纤维、 无机纤 维 (如玻璃纤维)、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的尺寸可以在很大 范围内改变, 但本发明的发明人发现, 当使用长度为 1-30毫米、 直径为 0. 1-100微米 的纤维时, 能够使制得的墙体砌块的强度更高; 更优选地, 所述纤维的长度为 5-15毫 米、 直径为 5-50。
根据本实施方式, "可再分散性胶粉"的种类没有特别的限定, 例如可以为醋酸乙 烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、 丙烯酸酯与苯 乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚胶粉中的一种或多种。 更优选的情况下, 所述 可再分散性胶粉的重均分子量可以为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径可以为 1-300微米。 符 合上述要求的可再分散性胶粉可以通过商购得到, 例如, 石家庄市隆瑞建筑材料有限公 司生产的 LR-80和 LR-100型可再分散性胶粉。
在本实施方式中, 对所述硅砂的来源没有任何限制, 可以使用选自海砂、 潮砂、 河砂、 风积砂、 人工砂和再生砂中的一种或多种, 更优选为风积沙; 在本实施方式中, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径没有特别限定,可以使用平均粒子直径为 10-500微米的硅砂, 更优选使用平均粒子直径为 50-200微米的风积沙。
根据本实施方式, 所述减水剂的种类为本领域技术人员所公知, 例如, 可以为所 述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的一种或多种。 上 述减水剂可以通过商购得到, 例如, 可以购自北京慕湖外加剂有限责任公司。
在使用时, 可以将本实施方式提供的材料组合物与水混合均匀之后引入到模 具中固化, 以制得墙体砌块。
此外, 如图 4所示, 本实施方式还提供一种墙角, 所述墙角多个所述墙体砌块 1, 多个所述墙体砌块 1沿高度方向依次堆砌,且在高度方向上下相邻的任意两个墙体砌块 1的长度方向互相垂直, 从而形成位于所述墙角内部的竖直通孔 H。 所述竖直通孔 H可 以用来填充保温材料, 提高墙体的保温性能, 也可以灌入水泥砂浆或插入承重结构, 增 加墙体的强度。
当然, 本实施方式所提的墙角并不限于图 4 中所示的具体形式, 本实施方式所提 供的墙体砌块还可以形成 T形墙角或十字形墙角。 同时, 上下相邻的墙体砌块 1的长度 方向也不一定垂直,例如形成钝角或锐角。所要形成墙角的形式应当根据具体需要而定。
此外, 本实施方式所提供的墙体砌块的用途不限于此, 除搭建墙角之外, 所述墙 体砌块还可以用来搭建墙体。 第二种实施方式
本实施方式中所说的长度方向是指图 5中的 X方向, 宽度方向是指图 5中的 Y方 向, 高度方向是指图 5中的 Z方向, 上表面图 5中的第一壁 21、 第二壁 22的朝向上方 的表面, 下表面图 5中的第一壁 21、 第二壁 22的朝向下方的表面。
如图 5所示, 本实施方式提供一种墙体砌块, 该墙体砌块包括彼此平行的第一壁
21和第二壁 22以及固定连接在所述第一壁 21和所述第二壁 22之间的第一肋 23和第二 肋 24, 所述第一肋 23和所述第二肋 24之间形成有中空部 27, 所述墙体砌块还包括位 于所述第一壁 21和所述第二壁 22之间的第一开口部 25和第二开口部 26, 并且所述第 一肋 23位于所述第一开口部 25与所述中空部 27之间,所述第二肋 24位于所述第二开 口部 26与所述中空部 27之间。
通过上述技术方案, 由于墙体砌块具有空心结构, 使承重结构 (如承重柱) 可以 直接布置在墙体砌块的空心结构中,而无需像传统的实心墙体砌块那样需要在承重结构 (如承重柱)周围大量堆砌, 因此, 本实施方式所提供的墙体砌块可以节约堆砌施工时 间, 提高施工效率。
所述第一壁 21和第二壁 22互相平行, 使墙体容易堆砌成平面, 这样便于装修等 后续工作的进行。 所述第一肋 23和所述第二肋 24固定连接在所述第一壁 21和所述第 二壁 22之间, 可以形成空心结构, 同时, 固定连接又可以提高墙体砌块的强度, 使所 述墙体砌块具有较高的耐用度。 所述第一壁 21、 第二壁 22、 第一肋 23和第二肋 24可 以通过多种方式固定连接在一起, 例如通过粘合剂等进行粘合。 当然, 为了制造方便, 降低成本, 优选地, 所述第一壁 21、 第二壁 22、 第一肋 23和第二肋 24—体形成, 如 一体浇注而成。
如图 5所示, 优选地, 所述第一肋 23、 第二肋 24、 第一壁 21以及第二壁 22的高 度相同, 并且所述第一肋 23和所述第二肋 24的上表面与所述第一壁 21和所述第二壁 22的上表面齐平。 这样墙体砌块既便于制造和运输, 又便于墙体砌块的堆砌。 同时, 利 用这种上表面和下表面均平齐墙体砌块堆砌成的墙体具有较高的强度。
如图 5所示, 优选地, 所述第一肋 23的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部 28, 并 且所述第二肋 24的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部 28。设置这样的结构既可以节省材 料, 又可以减轻所述墙体砌块的重量。 另外, 必要时还可以在所述凹部 28处沿所述墙 体砌块的长度方向 (即 X方向)布置承重柱, 以提高由所述墙体砌块堆砌成的墙体的强 度。 所述凹部 28的横截面可以为各种形状, 如矩形、 半圆形或不规则图形。 优选地, 所述凹部 28的横截面形状为梯形, 如图 7所示。 同时, 为了防止所述凹部 28降低墙体 砌块的强度, 应将所述凹部 28的深度限定在合适的范围内。 优选地, 所述凹部 28的深 度为所述第一肋 23的高度的 1/10〜1/5。
为了进一步增加所述墙体砌块的强度, 简化制造工艺流程, 提高所述墙体砌块可 用性, 优选地, 所述墙体砌块具有中心对称的结构, 并且所述第一肋 23 的朝向所述中 空部 27的平面以及所述第二肋 24的朝向所述中空部 27的平面与所述第一壁 21的长度 方向垂直。 需要注意的时, 此处所述的垂直是指所述第一肋 23 的整体走向以及所述第 二肋 24的整体走向与所述第一壁 21的长度方向的关系为垂直关系。
如图 6所示, 优选地, 所述中空部 27、 第一开口部 25和第二开口部 26的形状为 矩形, 且所述第一开口部 25和所述第二开口部 26 的长度为所述中空部 27 的长度的 1/3〜2/3。 在堆砌过程中, 这样的结构能够提供足够的用于布置承重柱的空间, 可以有 效地提高墙体的强度, 增加墙体的耐用度。 更优选地, 所述第一开口部 25和所述第二 开口部 26的长度为所述中空部 27的长度的 1/2。 通过这样的设计, 在堆砌施工时由每 两块相邻的墙体砌块所形成的所述空心部分的形状和尺寸都与所述中空部 27 的形状和 尺寸相同, 在填充水泥砂浆时, 水泥砂浆能够均匀地流向所有的空心部分和所述中空部 27中, 以提高墙体的强度。 同时, 这样的设计使得布置在墙体中的承重结构分布均匀, 可以更有效地提高墙体的强度。
当然, 在本实施方式中, 中空部 27和开口部的形状并不限于矩形, 例如还可以为 圆形、 半圆形、 或其它不规则图形。 中空部 27和开口部的形状可以根据具体的应用场 合而加以选择确定。 另外, 中空部 27的形状与开口部的形状也不一定相同。
所述墙体砌块可以由本领域技术人员所公知的材料制成, 如混凝土、 石膏等, 也 可由其它材料制成。 本实施方式所提供的所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0 重量份, 所述可再分散性胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述纤维的含量为 0. 1-10重量 份, 所述水的含量为 15-50重量份。
发明人对以硅砂为主体材料的墙体砌块进行了细致的研究, 意外地发现, 当加入 可再分散性胶粉和纤维时, 使制得的砖块的强度能够达到或高于混凝土砖块的强度, 使 该墙体砌块能够满足建筑要求。 并且, 当所述纤维与所述可再分散性胶粉的重量比为 0. 5-1. 5: 1时, 制得的墙体砌块的强度更高; 更优选地, 所述纤维与所述可再分散性胶 粉的重量比为 0. 8-1. 2 : 1,从而提供了一种非常适合于在沙资源丰富的地区应用的用于 制备墙体砌块的材料组合物。
本实施方式中, 所述纤维的种类没有特别的限制, 例如可以是合成纤维、 无机纤 维 (如玻璃纤维)、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的尺寸可以在很大 范围内改变, 但本发明的发明人发现, 当使用长度为 1-30毫米、 直径为 0. 1-100微米 的纤维时, 能够使制得的墙体砌块的强度更高; 更优选地, 所述纤维的长度为 5-15毫 米、 直径为 5-50。
根据本实施方式, "可再分散性胶粉"的种类没有特别的限定, 例如可以为醋酸乙 烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、 丙烯酸酯与苯 乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚胶粉中的一种或多种。 更优选的情况下, 所述 可再分散性胶粉的重均分子量可以为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径可以为 1-300微米。 符 合上述要求的可再分散性胶粉可以通过商购得到, 例如, 石家庄市隆瑞建筑材料有限公 司生产的 LR-80和 LR-100型可再分散性胶粉。
在本实施方式中, 对所述硅砂的来源没有任何限制, 可以使用选自海砂、 潮砂、 河砂、 风积砂、 人工砂和再生砂中的一种或多种, 更优选为风积沙; 在本实施方式中, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径没有特别限定,可以使用平均粒子直径为 10-500微米的硅砂, 更优选使用平均粒子直径为 50-200微米的风积沙。
根据本实施方式, 所述减水剂的种类为本领域技术人员所公知, 例如, 可以为所 述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的一种或多种。 上 述减水剂可以通过商购得到, 例如, 可以购自北京慕湖外加剂有限责任公司。
在使用时, 可以将本实施方式提供的材料组合物与水混合均匀之后引入到模 具中固化, 以制得墙体砌块。
此外, 如图 8所示, 本实施方式还提供一种墙体, 该墙体包括多个所述的墙体砌 块 2, 多个所述的墙体砌块 2沿长度方向和高度方向依次堆砌, 形成位于该墙体内部的 竖直通孔 H。另外, 当所述第一肋 23以及所述第二肋 24上设置有凹部 28时, 所述墙体 砌块依次堆砌还可以形成位于所述墙体内部的水平通孔。所述竖直通孔 H和水平通孔可 以用来填充保温材料, 改善墙体的保温性能, 也可以灌入水泥砂浆或插入承重结构, 提 高墙体的强度。
以下详细描述所述墙体中的竖直通孔的形成方式, 为了便于说明, 以下将第一开 口部和第二开口部统称为开口部。在长度方向上多个所述墙体砌块依次堆砌, 使得相邻 的所述墙体砌块的开口部相对, 形成为组合孔。 同时, 在高度方向上所述多个墙体砌块 依次堆砌,使得墙体砌块的中空部与高度方向上的其它墙体砌块的中空部或组合孔上下 贯通, 形成位于墙体内部的竖直通孔。
当然, 本实施方式所提供的墙体并不限于图 8所示的形式, 其具体结构应根据具 体需要确定。 同时, 本实施方式所提供的墙体砌块还可以与普通的墙体砌块混合使用, 并且在需要提高强度的位置形成上述的竖直通孔, 以在一定程度上提高墙体的强度。 第三种实施方式
在本实施方式中, 长度方向是指图 9中的 X方向, 宽度方向是指图 9中的 Y方向, 高度方向是指图 9中的 Z方向; 长度是指长度方向上的尺寸, 宽度是指宽度方向上的尺 寸, 高度是指高度方向上的尺寸; 上表面是指图 9中的第一壁 31、 第二壁 32的朝向上 方的表面, 下表面是指图 9中的第一壁 31、 第二壁 32的朝向下方的表面, 端面是指图 9中所示的墙体砌块的端部的表面。
如图 9所示, 本实施方式提供一种墙体砌块, 该墙体砌块包括相互平行的第一壁
31和第二壁 32以及固定连接在所述第一壁 31和所述第二壁 32之间的第一肋 33和第二 肋 34, 所述第一肋 33和所述第二肋 34之间形成有中空部 37, 所述墙体砌块还包括第 一凸缘 a,该第一凸缘 a位于所述第一壁 31朝向所述中空部 37的一侧上和 /或所述第二 壁 32朝向中空部 37的一侧上。
通过上述技术方案, 所述墙体砌块包括第一凸缘 a, 该第一凸缘 a可以支承其上 部的填充材料, 对其上部的填充材料产生支承力作用, 墙体砌块通过所述第一壁 31、第 二壁 32、 第一肋 33和第二肋 34与填充材料之间的摩擦力 (或附着力)、 所述第一凸缘 a对填充材料支承力以及填充材料内部的结合力的共同作用, 阻止所述填充材料下沉, 从而避免填充材料的断层现象以及墙体砌块的断裂现象的发生。
所述第一壁 31和所述第二壁 32互相平行, 可以使墙体容易堆砌成平面, 便于装 修等后续工作的进行。 所述第一肋 33和所述第二肋 34固定连接在所述第一壁 31和第 二壁 32之间, 形成中空部 37, 可以形成容纳填充材料的空间, 同时, 固定连接又可以 提高墙体砌块的强度, 使墙体砌块具有较高的耐用度。 所述第一壁 31、 第二壁 32、 第 一肋 33和第二肋 34可以通过多种方式固定连接在一起, 例如通过粘结剂进行粘结。 当 然, 为了制造方便, 降低成本, 优选地, 所述第一壁 31、 第二壁 32、 第一肋 33和第二 肋 34形成为一体, 如一体浇注而成。
所述第一凸缘 a可以形成为各种形状, 如板状。 为了提高墙体砌块与填充材料之 间的结合强度, 可以将所述第一凸缘 a的表面制成粗糙面, 或者在所述第一凸缘 a的表 面上设置凹凸不平的结构。 此外, 在同一个壁 (即第一壁 31或第二壁 32 ) 上也可以形 成多个所述第一凸缘 a。 同时, 所述第一凸缘 a的延伸方向与所述第一壁 31和第二壁 32的延伸方向可以相同,也可以不同。所述第一凸缘 a可以通过多种方式设置在所述第 一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的侧面上, 如通过粘结剂进行粘结。 为了提高所述第一凸 缘 a与所述第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的结合强度, 优选地, 所述第一凸缘 a与所 述第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32形成为一体。
所述第一凸缘 a可以设置在所述第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的侧面上的任意位 置, 如靠近所述第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的上表面或下表面的位置以及远离所述 第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的上表面和下表面的位置。优选地,如图 9和图 13所示, 所述第一凸缘 a的上表面与所述第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的上表面齐平。 这样, 墙体砌块既便于制造和运输, 又便于墙体砌块的堆砌。
优选地, 如图 9和图 12所示, 所述第一凸缘 a沿所述墙体砌块的长度方向在所述 第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的全部长度上延伸。 由于所述第一壁 31和 /或所述第二 壁 32在整个长度方向上都具有所述第一凸缘 a, 因此,所述墙体砌块能够充分地分散墙 体内各部分的填充材料的重量, 防止填充材料发生断层。 但本实施方式并不限于此, 例 如, 第一凸缘 a可以在第一壁 31和 /或所述第二壁 32的部分长度上延伸。
为了提高所述第一凸缘 a的作用效果, 应适当地增大所述第一凸缘 a与填充材料 的接触面积, 即增大所述第一凸缘 a的尺寸。 优选地, 所述第一凸缘 a的宽度为所述中 空部 37的宽度的 1/10〜1/4。这样既可以使所述第一凸缘 a与填充材料之间具有足够的 接触面积, 又可以确保填充材料能够顺畅地通过所述中空部 37进入到其它墙体砌块的 中空部 37内, 从而防止墙体内部的填充材料发生断层。
如上所述, 所述第一凸缘 a可以设置在所述第一壁 31或第二壁 32上, 也可以同 时设置在所述第一壁 31和第二壁 32上。优选地,所述第一凸缘 a设置在所述第一壁 31 和第二壁 32上, 并且所述第一壁 31上的第一凸缘 a与第二壁 32上的第一凸缘 a具有 相同的形状、 结构和尺寸。 通过这样的结构, 所述第一凸缘 a可以将填充材料的重量均 匀地分散到墙体砌块的第一壁 31和第二壁 32上,从而防止因受力不均而导致的墙体砌 块的断裂。 如图 9所示, 优选地, 所述墙体砌块包括位于所述第一壁 31和所述第二壁 32之 间的第一开口部 35,并且所述第一肋 33位于所述第一开口部 35与所述中空部 37之间。 并且, 优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括位于所述第一壁 31和所述第二壁 32之间的第二开 口部 36, 并且所述第二肋 34位于所述第二开口部 36与所述中空部 37之间。 这样, 堆 砌墙体时,长度方向上相邻的墙体砌块通过所述第一开口部 35和 /或所述第二开口部 36 对接形成空心部分, 该空心部分内可以填充保温材料或混凝土等材料, 以防止墙体砌块 的连接处产生的缝隙影响墙体的保温性能或强度。
如图 11和图 12所示, 优选地, 所述中空部 37、 第一开口部 35和第二开口部 36 的形状为矩形, 且所述第一开口部 35和所述第二开口部 36的长度为所述中空部 37的 长度的 1/3〜2/3。在堆砌过程中, 这样的结构可以提供足够的填充空间, 使填充材料能 够均匀地进入到所述的空心部分和中空部 37 内, 从而提高墙体的性能 (如保温性能、 强度)。 当然, 所述中空部 37、 第一开口部 35和第二开口部 36的形状并不限于矩形, 例如还可以为圆形、 半圆形、 或其它不规则图形。 所述中空部 37、 第一开口部 35和第 二开口部 36的形状可以根据具体的应用场合而加以选择确定。 另外, 所述中空部 37、 第一开口部 35和第二开口部 36的形状也不一定相同。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第二凸缘 (图中未显示), 该第二凸缘位于所述第一 肋 33朝向所述中空部 37的一侧上和 /或朝向所述第一开口部 35的一侧上。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第三凸缘 (图中未显示), 该第三凸缘位于所述第二 肋 34朝向所述中空部 37的一侧上和 /或朝向所述第二开口部 36的一侧上。
所述第二凸缘和所述第三凸缘能够进一步分散填充材料的重量, 提高墙体砌块与 填充材料之间的结合强度, 从而防止墙体内的保温材料在自身的重力作用下下沉。 同时, 所述第二凸缘和所述第三凸缘还能够提高墙体砌块的强度, 防止墙体砌块在填 充材料以及墙体的压力作用下发生断裂。 所述第二凸缘和所述第三凸缘的形状、 结 构、 尺寸以及设置方法与所述第一凸缘 a相似, 在此不再赘述。
第二凸缘和第三凸缘可以根据具体的应用场合加以设计选择, 例如, 可以仅设 置第二凸缘, 可以仅设置第三凸缘, 还可以同时设置第二凸缘和第三凸缘。 而且, 第二凸缘和第三凸缘既可以具有相同的形状尺寸, 也可以具有不同的形状尺寸。
如图 9和图 13所示, 优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第一凸出部 b和 /或第一凹陷 部 c,该第一凸出部 b和 /或第一凹陷部 c位于所述墙体砌块的上表面和下表面中的至少 一个表面上。在堆砌墙体时, 高度方向上相邻的墙体砌块可以通过所述第一凸出部 b和 第一凹陷部 c的配合, 实现墙体砌块的准确定位, 防止墙体歪斜。 同时, 通过所述第一 凸出部 b和第一凹陷部 C的配合还可以提高墙体砌块之间的连接强度,使墙体能够承受 更大的载荷。
优选地, 所述墙体砌块还包括第二凸出部和 /或第二凹陷部 (图中未显示), 该第 二凸出部和 /或第二凹陷部位于所述墙体砌块的沿该墙体砌块的长度方向的两端的端面 中的至少一个端面上。在堆砌墙体时, 长度方向上相邻的墙体砌块可以通过所述第二凸 出部和第二凹陷部的配合, 实现墙体砌块的准确定位, 防止墙体歪斜。 同时, 通过所述 第二凸出部和第二凹陷部的配合还可以提高墙体砌块之间的连接强度,使墙体能够承受 更大的载荷。
为了提高墙体砌块的强度, 如图 10和图 14所示, 优选地, 所述第一壁 31和 /或 所述第二壁 32内设置有沿所述墙体砌块的长度方向延伸的纵向加强筋 30, 所述第一肋 33和 /或所述第二肋 34内设置有沿所述墙体砌块的宽度方向延伸的横向加强筋 39, 并 且该横向加强筋 39与所述纵向加强筋 30固定连接或形成为一体。 所述纵向加强筋 30 和所述横向加强筋 39的材料可以为各种材料, 如钢材, 只要能够提高墙体砌块的强度 即可。所述纵向加强筋 30和所述横向加强筋 39也可以通过多种方法实现固定连接, 如 焊接、 螺栓连接等。 此外, 除所述纵向加强筋 30和所述横向加强筋 39之外, 还可以在 墙体砌块内设置沿高度方向延伸的竖直加强筋 (图中未显示), 并使该竖直加强筋与所 述纵向加强筋 30和所述横向加强筋 39固定连接或形成为一体, 以提高所述墙体砌块的 强度。
如图 9所示, 优选地, 所述第一肋 33、 第二肋 34、 第一壁 31以及第二壁 32的高 度相同, 并且所述第一肋 33和所述第二肋 34的上表面与所述第一壁 31和所述第二壁 32的上表面齐平。 这样的墙体砌块既便于制造和运输, 又便于墙体砌块的堆砌。 同时, 利用这种上表面和下表面均平齐墙体砌块堆砌成的墙体具有较高的强度。
如图 9所示, 优选地, 所述第一肋 33的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部 38, 并 且所述第二肋 34的上表面和 /或下表面上设置有凹部 38。设置这样的结构既可以节省材 料, 又可以减轻所述墙体砌块的重量。 另外, 必要时还可以在所述凹部 38处沿所述墙 体砌块的长度方向 (即 X方向)布置承重柱, 以提高由所述墙体砌块堆砌成的墙体的强 度。
所述凹部 38的横截面可以为各种形状, 如矩形、 半圆形或不规则图形。 优选地, 所述凹部 38的横截面形状为梯形, 如图 13所示。 同时, 为了防止所述凹部 38降低墙 体砌块的强度, 应将所述凹部 38的深度限定在合适的范围内。 优选地, 所述凹部 38的 深度为所述第一肋 33的高度的 1/10〜1/5。
为了进一步增加所述墙体砌块的强度, 简化制造工艺流程, 提高所述墙体砌块可 用性, 优选地, 所述墙体砌块具有中心对称的结构, 并且所述第一肋 33 的朝向所述中 空部 37的平面以及所述第二肋 34的朝向所述中空部 37的平面与所述第一壁 31的长度 方向垂直。 需要注意的是, 此处所说的垂直是指所述第一肋 33 的整体走向以及所述第 二肋 34的整体走向与所述第一壁 31的长度方向的关系为垂直关系。
所述墙体砌块可以由本领域技术人员所公知的材料制成, 如混凝土、 石膏等, 也 可由其它材料制成。 本实施方式所提供的所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0 重量份, 所述可再分散性胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述纤维的含量为 0. 1-10重量 份, 所述水的含量为 15-50重量份。
发明人对以硅砂为主体材料的墙体砌块进行了细致的研究, 意外地发现, 当加入 可再分散性胶粉和纤维时, 使制得的砖块的强度能够达到或高于混凝土砖块的强度, 使 该墙体砌块能够满足建筑要求。 并且, 当所述纤维与所述可再分散性胶粉的重量比为 0. 5-1. 5: 1时, 制得的墙体砌块的强度更高; 更优选地, 所述纤维与所述可再分散性胶 粉的重量比为 0. 8-1. 2: 1,从而提供了一种非常适合于在沙资源丰富的地区应用的用于 制备墙体砌块的材料组合物。
本实施方式中, 所述纤维的种类没有特别的限制, 例如可以是合成纤维、 无机纤 维 (如玻璃纤维)、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的尺寸可以在很大 范围内改变, 但本发明的发明人发现, 当使用长度为 1-30毫米、 直径为 0. 1-100微米 的纤维时, 能够使制得的墙体砌块的强度更高; 更优选地, 所述纤维的长度为 5-15毫 米、 直径为 5-50。
根据本实施方式, "可再分散性胶粉" 的种类没有特别的限定。 优选地, 所述可再 分散性胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、乙烯与氯乙烯及月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚 胶粉、 丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚胶粉中的一种或多种, 所 述可再分散性胶粉的重均分子量为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径可以为 1-300微米, 所述 减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的一种或多种。 符合 上述要求的可再分散性胶粉可以通过商购得到, 例如, 石家庄市隆瑞建筑材料有限公司 生产的 LR-80和 LR-100型可再分散性胶粉, 上述减水剂可以通过商购得到, 例如, 可以购自北京慕湖外加剂有限责任公司。
在本实施方式中, 对所述硅砂的来源没有任何限制, 可以使用选自海砂、 潮砂、 河砂、 风积砂、 人工砂和再生砂中的一种或多种, 更优选为风积沙; 在本实施方式中, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径没有特别限定,可以使用平均粒子直径为 10-500微米的硅砂, 更优选使用平均粒子直径为 50-200微米的风积沙。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不限于上述实 施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种 简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。 另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实 施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进 行组合。 为了避免不必要的重复, 本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。 此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块包括第一壁 (11 )、 第二壁 (12)、 第三壁 (13 ) 和肋 (14), 所述第一壁 (11 ) 和所述第二壁 (12 ) 相互平行, 所述第三 壁 (13) 在所述第一壁 (11 ) 和所述第二壁 (12) 的一端固定连接在所述第一壁 (11 ) 和所述第二壁(12)之间,所述肋(14)固定连接在所述第一壁(11 )和所述第二壁(12) 之间并与所述第三壁 (13) 形成中空部 (17)。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的墙体砌块,其特征在于,所述墙体砌块包括开口部(16), 该开口部 (16) 位于所述第一壁 (11 ) 和所述第二壁 (12) 之间, 并且所述肋 (14) 位 于所述开口部 (16) 与所述中空部 (17) 之间。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的墙体砌块,其特征在于,所述第一壁(11 )、第二壁(12)、 第三壁 (13) 以及肋 (14) 的高度相同, 并且所述第三壁 (13) 和所述肋 (14) 的上表 面与所述第一壁 (11 ) 和所述第二壁 (12) 的上表面齐平。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述肋 (14) 的上表面和 /或 下表面上设置有凹部 (18)。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述凹部 (18) 的横截面形状 为梯形。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述凹部 (18) 的深度为所述 肋 ( 14) 的高度的 1/10-1/5。
7. 根据权利要求 1至 6中任意一项所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块 具有在宽度方向上对称的结构,并具有在高度方向上对称的结构,并且所述第三壁(13) 的朝向所述中空部 (17) 的平面以及所述肋 (14) 的朝向所述中空部 (17) 的平面均与 所述第一壁 (11 ) 的长度方向垂直。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的墙体砌块,其特征在于,所述中空部(17)和开口部(16) 的形状为矩形, 且所述开口部 (16) 的长度为所述中空部 (17) 的长度的 1/3-2/3。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块由一种材料组合 物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、水泥、减水剂、可再分散性胶粉、纤维和水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水剂的 含量为 0. 5-3. 0重量份, 所述可再分散性胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述纤维的含 量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述水的含量为 15-50重量份。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述纤维为合成纤维、 无机 纤维、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的长度为 1-30毫米, 平均直径 为 0.1-100微米。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述可再分散性胶粉为醋酸 乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、 丙烯酸酯与 苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚胶粉中的一种或多种,所述可再分散性胶粉 的重均分子量为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径为 1-300微米。
12. 根据权利要求 9所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径为 10-500微米。
13. 根据权利要求 9所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的一种或多种。
14. 一种墙角, 其特征在于, 所述墙角包括权利要求 1至 13中任意一项所提供的 多个所述墙体砌块 (1), 多个所述墙体砌块 (1) 沿高度方向依次堆砌, 且在高度方向 上下相邻的任意两个墙体砌块 (1) 的长度方向互相垂直, 从而形成位于所述墙角内部 的竖直通孔 (H)。
15. 一种墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块包括彼此平行的第一壁 (21) 和 第二壁(22) 以及固定连接在所述第一壁(21)和所述第二壁(22)之间的第一肋 (23) 和第二肋 (24), 所述第一肋 (23) 和所述第二肋 (24) 之间形成有中空部 (27), 所述 墙体砌块还包括位于所述第一壁 (21)和所述第二壁 (22) 之间的第一开口部 (25)和 第二开口部(26), 并且所述第一肋(23)位于所述第一开口部(25)与所述中空部(27) 之间, 所述第二肋 (24) 位于所述第二开口部 (26) 与所述中空部 (27) 之间。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述第一肋 (23)、 第二肋 (24)、 第一壁 (21) 以及第二壁 (22) 的高度相同, 并且所述第一肋 (23) 和所述第 二肋 (24) 的上表面与所述第一壁 (21) 和所述第二壁 (22) 的上表面齐平。
17. 根据权利要求 15所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述第一肋 (23) 的上表面 和 /或下表面上设置有凹部 (28), 并且所述第二肋 (24) 的上表面和 /或下表面上设置 有凹部 (28)。
18. 根据权利要求 16所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述凹部 (28) 的横截面形 状为梯形。
19. 根据权利要求 16所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述凹部 (28) 的深度为所 述第一肋 ( 23 ) 的高度的 1/10-1/5。
20. 根据权利要求 15至 19中任意一项所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体 砌块具有中心对称的结构, 并且所述第一肋 (23 ) 的朝向所述中空部 (27 ) 的平面以及 所述第二肋(24)的朝向所述中空部(27 )的平面与所述第一壁(21 )的长度方向垂直。
21. 根据权利要求 20所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述中空部 (27)、 第一开 口部 (25 ) 和第二开口部 (26 ) 的形状为矩形, 且所述第一开口部 (25 )和所述第二开 口部 (26 ) 的长度为所述中空部 (27 ) 的长度的 1/3〜2/3。
22. 根据权利要求 15所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块由一种材料组 合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和 水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水 剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0重量份, 所述可再分散性胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述纤维 的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述水的含量为 15-50重量份。
23. 根据权利要求 22所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述纤维为合成纤维、 无机 纤维、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的长度为 1-30毫米, 平均直径 为 0. 1-100微米。
24. 根据权利要求 22所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述可再分散性胶粉为醋酸 乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、 丙烯酸酯与 苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚胶粉中的一种或多种,所述可再分散性胶粉 的重均分子量为 500-20000, 平均粒子直径为 1-300微米。
25. 根据权利要求 22所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径为
10-500微米。
26.根据权利要求 22所述的墙体砌块,其特征在于,所述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的一种或多种。
27. 一种墙体, 其特征在于, 该墙体包括权利要求 15至 26中任意一项所提供的 多个所述的墙体砌块(2), 多个所述的墙体砌块 (2 )沿长度方向和高度方向依次堆砌, 形成位于该墙体内部的竖直通孔 (H)。
28. 一种墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 该墙体砌块包括相互平行的第一壁 (31 ) 和第 二壁 (32 ) 以及固定连接在所述第一壁 (31 ) 和所述第二壁 (32 ) 之间的第一肋 (33 ) 和第二肋 (34), 所述第一肋 (33 ) 和所述第二肋 (34) 之间形成有中空部 (37), 所述 墙体砌块还包括第一凸缘 (a), 该第一凸缘 (a) 位于所述第一壁 (31 ) 朝向所述中空 部 (37) 的一侧上和 /或所述第二壁 (32) 朝向中空部 (37) 的一侧上。
29. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述第一凸缘 (a) 的上表 面与所述第一壁 (31) 和 /或所述第二壁 (32) 的上表面齐平。
30. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述第一凸缘 (a) 沿所述 墙体砌块的长度方向在所述第一壁 (31) 和 /或所述第二壁 (32) 的全部长度上延伸。
31. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述第一凸缘 (a) 的宽度 为所述中空部 (37) 的宽度的 1/10〜1/4。
32. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块包括位于所述 第一壁 (31) 和所述第二壁 (32) 之间的第一开口部 (35), 并且所述第一肋 (33) 位 于所述第一开口部 (35) 与所述中空部 (37) 之间。
33. 根据权利要求 32所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块还包括第二凸 缘, 该第二凸缘位于所述第一肋 (33) 朝向所述中空部 (37) 的一侧上和 /或朝向所述 第一开口部 (35) 的一侧上。
34. 根据权利要求 32所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块还包括位于所 述第一壁 (31) 和所述第二壁 (32) 之间的第二开口部 (36), 并且所述第二肋 (34) 位于所述第二开口部 (36) 与所述中空部 (37) 之间。
35. 根据权利要求 34所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块还包括第三凸 缘, 该第三凸缘位于所述第二肋 (34) 朝向所述中空部 (37) 的一侧上和 /或朝向所述 第二开口部 (36) 的一侧上。
36. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块还包括第一凸 出部 (b) 和 /或第一凹陷部 (c), 该第一凸出部 (b) 和 /或第一凹陷部 (c) 位于所述 墙体砌块的上表面和下表面中的至少一个表面上。
37. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块还包括第二凸 出部和 /或第二凹陷部,该第二凸出部和 /或第二凹陷部位于所述墙体砌块的沿该墙体砌 块的长度方向的两端的端面中的至少一个端面上。
38. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述第一壁 (31) 和 /或所 述第二壁 (32) 内设置有沿所述墙体砌块的长度方向延伸的纵向加强筋 (30), 所述第 一肋 (33) 和 /或所述第二肋 (34) 内设置有沿所述墙体砌块的宽度方向延伸的横向加 强筋 (39), 并且该横向加强筋 (39) 与所述纵向加强筋 (30) 固定连接或形成为一体。
39. 根据权利要求 28所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述墙体砌块由一种材料组 合物经固化得到, 该材料组合物中含有硅砂、 水泥、 减水剂、 可再分散性胶粉、 纤维和 水, 其中, 相对于 100重量份的水泥, 所述硅砂的含量为 250-2000重量份, 所述减水 剂的含量为 0. 5-3. 0重量份, 所述可再分散性胶粉的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述纤维 的含量为 0. 1-10重量份, 所述水的含量为 15-50重量份。
40. 根据权利要求 39所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述纤维为合成纤维、 无机 纤维、 矿物纤维和植物纤维中的一种或多种, 所述纤维的长度为 1-30毫米, 平均直径 为 0. 1-100微米。
41. 根据权利要求 39所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述可再分散性胶粉为醋酸 乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚胶粉、 乙烯与氯乙烯及月桂酸乙烯酯的三元共聚胶粉、 丙烯酸酯与 苯乙烯的共聚胶粉和苯乙烯与丁二烯的共聚胶粉中的一种或多种,所述可再分散性胶粉 的重均分子量为 500-20000,平均粒子直径为 1-300微米,所述减水剂为木质素磺酸盐、 多环芳香族盐和水溶性树脂磺酸盐中的一种或多种。
42. 根据权利要求 39所述的墙体砌块, 其特征在于, 所述硅砂的平均粒子直径为 10-500微米。
PCT/CN2011/081542 2010-11-26 2011-10-31 墙体砌块、墙角以及墙体 WO2012068945A1 (zh)

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US13/989,812 US8925276B2 (en) 2010-11-26 2011-10-31 Wall block, corner, and wall body
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