WO2015192764A1 - 一种空心砌块及用其砌筑的墙体 - Google Patents

一种空心砌块及用其砌筑的墙体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015192764A1
WO2015192764A1 PCT/CN2015/081540 CN2015081540W WO2015192764A1 WO 2015192764 A1 WO2015192764 A1 WO 2015192764A1 CN 2015081540 W CN2015081540 W CN 2015081540W WO 2015192764 A1 WO2015192764 A1 WO 2015192764A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
bolting
hole
wall
blocks
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PCT/CN2015/081540
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段炼山
段志义
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段炼山
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Application filed by 段炼山 filed Critical 段炼山
Publication of WO2015192764A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015192764A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building wall materials, in particular to a hollow block
  • the new building wall materials are mainly divided into bricks, blocks and plates.
  • the blocks mainly include ordinary concrete blocks, lightweight concrete blocks, aerated concrete blocks, gypsum blocks, fly ash blocks, and sintered hollow blocks.
  • the new type of wall material block promoted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Notice on the Release of the Application and Limitation of Wall Insulation Systems and Wall Materials, Prohibition of Use of Technology" (No. 1338 of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development) Technical name.
  • the disadvantages of this method are as follows: First, there is damage to the column or wall, and second, the quality of the planting bar is not easy to control. Therefore, whether the tie-bar can fully play its role is questionable. Considering how to further improve the seismic performance of the block masonry structure or the block-filled wall under the conditions of saving the block masonry structure or the reinforcing steel wall and the cost of the wall, it is of great practical significance.
  • the mechanical properties of masonry mainly include compression properties, shear properties, tensile properties, and bending properties.
  • the masonry structure is damaged along the gray joints under horizontal earthquakes.
  • the seismic capacity mainly depends on the shear strength of the masonry. Therefore, improving the shear strength of the masonry plays a key role in improving the seismic capacity of the masonry.
  • the shear strength of the masonry after masonry mainly depends on the bond strength and mortar of the horizontal and vertical gray joint mortar. Building quality (mortarity, etc.).
  • the masonry mortar strength grade is generally not higher than the block strength grade, and the masonry mortar strength grade is currently generally up to Mb20. Therefore, the masonry shear strength provided by the mortar bond strength is limited, which results in limited seismic capacity of the masonry. To further improve the shear strength, it is necessary to consider new ways or methods.
  • the “Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the 12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction” (Guo Fa [2012] No.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve and innovate the shortcomings and problems existing in the background art, and to provide a unique internal structure and excellent structure through a unique bolt hole connection structure.
  • Mechanical properties such as shear strength, hollow blocks with anti-seismic and anti-cracking functions,
  • the block has the advantages of easy to manufacture, easy masonry construction, large hollow ratio, wide application range, low comprehensive cost and low cost, and easy to promote.
  • a hollow block with a bolting member comprising a rectangular block having a middle rib, a "Japanese”-shaped horizontal section with two vertical through holes, or a horizontal section in the middle
  • the middle rib of the "ten" shape, the rectangular block with four vertical through holes and the horizontal section of the "field” shape, the rectangular block is surrounded by two walls and two end ribs, the upper surface of the rectangular block The lower surface is two planes parallel to each other.
  • a bolting member is attached to the rectangular block, and the bolting member is combined with a "Japanese" shape or a "Tian” shaped rectangular block.
  • a bolting member having a horizontal cross section of "concave” shape is attached to the inner surface of the wall and the end rib, and the “Japanese” shaped rectangular block is attached.
  • Two “concave” shaped bolting members are arranged opposite to each other;
  • two bolting members each having a horizontal cross section are attached to the inner surface of the wall and the end rib in each through hole of the "Japanese” rectangular block, and the "Japanese” rectangular block is attached.
  • the four rectangular bolting members are arranged oppositely;
  • a bolting member having a horizontal section of "L” shape is attached to the inner surface of the wall and the end rib, and the "Tian”-shaped rectangular block is attached.
  • the four "L” shaped bolting members are arranged oppositely to the concave surface.
  • the above-mentioned "concave"-shaped bolting member or "L”-shaped bolting member or rectangular bolting member has a façade that seamlessly fits the wall and the end rib, and the apex angle with the wall and the end rib Seamlessly fitting; the integral vertical vertical cross-sectional shape of the bolting member combined with the wall and the end rib is a stepped shape.
  • the upper end surface of the bolting member protrudes beyond the through hole, the height of the bolting member extending beyond the through hole is smaller than the height of the through hole, and the height of the bolting member extending beyond the outer portion of the through hole is the upper end surface of the bolting member a vertical distance from the upper surface of the rectangular block; in the middle of the block No bolting members are provided on the ribs.
  • the bolting member and the through hole of the block form a bolt hole connection structure, and the left and right side bolting parts of the block which are staggered and laid out are respectively inserted into the outer part of the through hole and inserted into the upper two blocks of the upper layer respectively.
  • the holes are nested, and the walls and walls of the adjacent upper and lower blocks, the ribs and the ribs are butted by the mortar.
  • the protruding parts of the lower block are respectively inserted into the corresponding inner two nests of the upper two adjacent blocks, the walls and walls of the adjacent upper and lower blocks
  • the rib and the rib are butted by the mortar, and the bolting member and the through hole of the block form a bolt hole connection structure.
  • the maximum length of the horizontal direction of the bolting member of the block may be less than 1/2 of the horizontal section length of the through hole, or may be greater than or equal to 1/2 of the horizontal section length of the through hole.
  • the maximum length of the bolting member in the horizontal left-right direction is less than 1/2 of the length of the horizontal cross-section of the through-hole, the lower end surface of the bolting member and the rectangular block
  • the surface is flush, and the lower surface of the hollow block is a flat surface and is not partially recessed upward.
  • the lower end surface of the bolting member is flush with the lower surface of the rectangular block, and the lower surface of the block is a flat surface and has no partial upward depression. This is due to the clever use of vertical gray joints.
  • the vertical gray seam is staggered to form a block, because the maximum length of the bolting member in the horizontal left and right direction is less than 1/2 of the length of the horizontal cross section of the through hole, the upper layer
  • the block bolting member and the adjacent lower block bolting member are relatively offset in the horizontal direction, so that the lower block bolting member can be inserted into the upper block through hole without colliding with the bolting member of the upper block. Therefore, the lower end surface of the bolting member can be flush with the lower surface of the rectangular block.
  • the upper surface of the lower plate of the mold for pressing the block is a light plane, only on the current market.
  • the existing one-way indenter block forming machine can be produced by replacing a special mold. Compared with the block in the through hole of the lower end surface of the bolting component or the block which is provided with the upward groove on the lower surface of the block, the pressing process steps of the seismic block are saved, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, the productivity is improved, and sufficient By utilizing existing production equipment resources and conditions, peers also reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the maximum length of the horizontal direction of the bolting component of the block is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the horizontal section length of the through hole, and the lower end surface of the bolting component is The lower surface of the rectangular block is spaced apart by a distance, and the vertical distance between the two is greater than the height of the outer portion of the bolting member that protrudes from the through hole.
  • the vertical gray seam is staggered to form a block, and the lower block bolting member can be inserted into the through hole of the upper block without colliding with the bolting component of the upper block to meet the masonry needs.
  • This block can be equipped with upper and lower The indenter block forming machine is pressed for production.
  • the two end rib outer faces of the block are provided with corresponding grooves and bumps, and the grooves of the horizontally adjacent two blocks and the bumps cooperate with each other to further strengthen Internally constrained wall structure.
  • the vertical through holes of the blocks of the present invention are symmetrically disposed with respect to the middle ribs connecting the front and rear walls.
  • the bolting members of the block of the present invention are symmetrically disposed with respect to the middle ribs connecting the front and rear walls, and the vertical through holes of the same block are also symmetric about the middle ribs of the front and rear walls of the joint. Settings. This arrangement makes it easier for the staggered slabs and the walls and walls of the adjacent upper and lower blocks, and the ribs and ribs to butt up and down through the mortar.
  • the hollow block may be provided with an insulation layer, which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the block and further compound the block function.
  • the horizontal arrangement groove of the steel bar can be arranged on the block.
  • the outer surface of the outer portion of the bolting member extending through the through hole may be designed to be retracted in the direction of the through hole in which the bolting member is located.
  • the design enables the bolting member and the nested through hole to be There is enough clearance in the width direction of the block to facilitate the adjustment of the construction and the flatness of the wall.
  • the bolting member is not disposed on the middle rib of the block of the present invention, a reasonable gap in the horizontal length direction is left after the bolting member is inserted into the through hole to have a moving margin, which is convenient for masonry construction.
  • the block is made of concrete or fly ash or other raw materials. The actual shape and corner size of each block are produced, and the spacing between the block and the block is artificially constructed. There will also be deviations within a reasonable range, unlike metal mechanical parts that have high machining dimensional accuracy, and the technical proficiency of the construction masonry workers is uneven, so the block through-holes are vertically oriented on the middle rib side. There is no bolting part on the façade so that there is enough construction clearance in the masonry, which has a significant beneficial effect.
  • the wall raft is built by the vertical ash seam, and the bolting parts in each through hole of the block are inserted into one through hole of the adjacent upper block, and the two or three vertical faces of the through hole are passed.
  • the mortar is filled with gaps, and the gap between the bolting member and the middle rib of the upper block is (end rib thickness x2 - middle rib thickness) /2, and the gap is generally 0.8 to 1.2 cm, This has enough masonry clearance.
  • the adjustment gap avoids the large deviation of the spacing of the adjacent blocks in the lower layer, and the through holes of the upper layer of the wrongly-stacked upper concrete block cannot be engaged with the bolting parts of the two adjacent blocks of the lower layer.
  • the bolting member and the nested through hole have sufficient gap margin in the longitudinal direction to facilitate the embedding of the bolting member into the through hole, and facilitate the adjustment of the working dimension such as the displacement deviation, the verticality and the flatness of the wall axis.
  • the gap can make the block not have to have high appearance dimensional accuracy and surface finish, allow reasonable dimensional deviation, and the block does not need to be additionally provided with a groove to accommodate the matching protrusion during the manufacturing process, and the manufacturing process is difficult. reduce.
  • the wall there are two cases of plastering and no plastering.
  • the actual appearance dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the block have different standards, which are suitable for mixed water walls and clear water walls.
  • the block is convenient for production, high in construction efficiency, labor-saving, low in cost and comprehensive cost, suitable for practical conditions, and easy to promote production and use. It can be widely used in load-bearing structures, non-load-bearing structures, frame structure infill walls, clear water walls, mixed water walls, etc., and has a wide range of applications.
  • the wall structure formed by the block is used, and the upper end protruding portions of the bolting members of the lower wall block are respectively inserted into the through holes of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks.
  • Nesting staggered masonry forming a structure in which adjacent upper and lower blocks are bolted together; the two blocks of horizontally adjacent blocks are combined with the grooves to form a horizontal splicing structure, so that two of the blocks are
  • the rib façade forms a curved surface to facilitate the hanging of the slurry, the probability of desizing is greatly reduced, the fullness of the ash seam is increased, and the bonding area of the mortar is increased, thereby improving the bonding strength of the vertical ash seam, and the left and right splicing structures have The ability to withstand loads that are perpendicular to the wall.
  • the left and right splicing structure and the upper and lower bolt hole connection structures are fixedly matched with each other in the structure, and support each other in the restraining function, thereby improving the integrity, mechanical properties, anti-seismic and anti-cracking effects of the wall.
  • horizontal reinforcement is arranged between the adjacent wall blocks of the masonry wall to further increase the wall The integrity of the whole.
  • an upwardly facing horizontal notch is provided on the "concave" shaped bolting member or rib of the block to facilitate the arrangement of horizontal reinforcing bars between adjacent upper and lower blocks of the wall.
  • a downwardly facing notch is provided on the rib to facilitate the placement of horizontal reinforcement between adjacent upper and lower blocks.
  • the hollow block according to the present invention has a bolt-and-hole joint structure, the wall block which is laid by the hollow block, the bolted part of the lower block and the wall of the adjacent upper block Nesting with the ribs, and filling the gaps with mortar; thus the bolting parts of each block are inserted into the through holes of the two adjacent blocks in the upper layer The nesting is connected, and the through hole of the block is connected with the bolting members inserted by the two lower blocks in the lower layer, forming a stable integral structure in which the blocks are mutually constrained by their own structures.
  • the bolt hole connection structure restricts each block in the front, rear, and left and right directions by the cross-sectional strength of the bolting member itself, and constrains the block in the up and down direction by the mortar bonding action, and the adjacent blocks in the wall body are mutually restrained.
  • the bolting component acts as a pin, a limit, a restraint, a fix and a connection to the nested block.
  • the invention connects the blocks in the wall structure to each other to form a "plate-like integrity" structure, and has a certain internal buffering energy dissipation capability, which is greatly improved by the connection of the bolting parts, the gray joint mortar and the restriction and restraint action.
  • the integrity and shear strength of the masonry structure also improve the tensile, bending and compressive strength of the masonry. Therefore, the masonry of the present invention has remarkable anti-seismic and anti-cracking properties and effects.
  • the raw materials for the production of the blocks of the present invention are made of concrete, or fly ash, or other materials.
  • the block is easy to manufacture, and the masonry is similar to the conventional block masonry method. It does not increase the difficulty of masonry and is easy to operate. It can replace the solid clay brick building, and it is built with special mortar for masonry, saving labor, simplicity and construction. High efficiency, reduced amount of cement steel, lower cost, and comprehensive technical and economic benefits.
  • the masonry constructed with the block has the characteristics of earthquake resistance, crack prevention, high hollow ratio, light weight and high strength, thermal insulation, waterproof and impermeability, energy conservation, environmental protection, and typhoon resistance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of a two-hole structural block embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the second embodiment of the two-hole structural block embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of a two-hole structural block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the state of the masonry of the block of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of a four-hole structural block embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the state of the block masonry of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention without grooves and bumps.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention with a heat insulating layer.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a seven-dimensional structure of an embodiment of a two-hole structural block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the state of the block masonry of FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of an eight-dimensional structure of an embodiment of a two-hole structural block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a nine-dimensional structure of a two-hole structural block embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the state of the block masonry of FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a ten-dimensional structure of an embodiment of a two-hole structural block of the present invention.
  • 15 is a perspective view showing the eleventh structure of the embodiment of the four-hole structure block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the state of the masonry of the block of FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the heat insulating layer of FIG. 15.
  • the hollow block of the present invention comprises a rectangular block 7 provided with a through hole 2, and the through hole 2 is arranged in a two-hole structure or a four-hole structure.
  • the rectangular block 7 having a two-hole structure is a rectangular block having a middle rib 41 in the middle and a horizontal cross section of the "Japanese" shape with two vertical through holes 2; the rectangular block having a four-hole structure is In the middle, there are a middle rib 41 having a horizontal cross section of "ten" shape, a rectangular block having four vertical through holes 2, and a horizontal section of "Tian” shape.
  • the rectangular blocks are respectively surrounded by two walls 3 and two end ribs 4.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular block are two planes parallel to each other.
  • a bolting member 1 provided with an inner constraining structure forming the block assembly wall is also attached to the through hole 2:
  • the inner wall of the wall 3 and the end rib 4 is attached to each of the through holes 2 of the "day"-shaped rectangular block 7 with: a bolting member 1 or two having a horizontal cross section of "concave” shape a bolting member 1 having an "L” shape in horizontal section or two bolting members having a rectangular cross section; or in each of the through holes 2 of the "shape" rectangular block 7 of the wall 3 and the end rib 4 A bolting member 1 having a horizontal "L” shape is attached to the inner surface.
  • the "concave"-shaped bolting member 1 or the “L”-shaped bolting member 1 on the rectangular block 7 is oppositely arranged with a concave surface, or the rectangular bolting members 1 on the rectangular block 7 are arranged oppositely And the façade of the bolting member 1 is seamlessly fitted to the wall 3 and the end rib 4.
  • the upper end of the bolting member 1 protrudes beyond the through hole 2, and the height of the outer portion of the bolting member extending through the through hole 2 is smaller than the height of the through hole 2.
  • the maximum length of the bolting member 1 in the horizontal left-right direction is less than 1/2 of the horizontal section length of the through-hole, and the lower end surface of each bolting member 1 is flush with the lower surface of the rectangular block 7.
  • the through hole 2 and the bolting member 1 constitute a bolt hole connecting structure, and the hollow block of the staggered building
  • the outer portions of the bolting members extending through the through holes are respectively inserted into the through holes of the two adjacent blocks of the upper layer, and the walls and walls of the adjacent upper and lower blocks are butted by the mortar.
  • the maximum length of the bolting member 1 in the horizontal left-right direction is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the horizontal section length of the through-hole 2, and the lower end surface of each bolting member 1 and the lower portion of the rectangular block 7 The surfaces are spaced apart by a distance, and the vertical distance between the two is greater than the height of the portion of the bolting member 1 that extends beyond the through hole 2.
  • the block of the present invention continues to retain the structural features of the conventional rectangular block block specified in "Ordinary Concrete Small Hollow Block” (GB 8239-1997), and the horizontal cross-sectional area of the bolted component only accounts for the horizontal cross-sectional area of the through hole.
  • the hollow rate of the block meets the standard requirements, the hollow rate can be higher than 40%, and the hollow block has a small specific gravity.
  • the block of the present invention continues to maintain the horizontal paving surface and the sitting surface of the block in the "Ordinary Concrete Small Hollow Block" (GB 8239-1997), so that the thickness of the mortar ash seam is uniform, Full and dense, and the ribs and ribs, walls and walls of the upper and lower adjacent blocks can be docked by mortar, effectively and evenly transmit pressure, without reducing the area of pulping and sitting, ensuring the bonding area of horizontal gray joints, and adding bolts
  • the mortar bonding area between the outer façade of the connecting member and the inner lining of the through-hole of the nested block is beneficial to improve the bonding strength of the ash joint and thereby improve the strength of the masonry.
  • the left and right direction of the block is the block length direction
  • the block front and rear direction is the block width direction
  • the block up and down direction is the block height direction
  • the rib is divided into “1" in the middle of the block.
  • the orientation languages “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, “back”, and the like, as used herein, are the blocks of the present invention using the blocks of the present invention.
  • the spatial orientation of the placed state in the three-dimensional structure diagram to explain the features of the block shape structure of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only. Purpose.
  • the first embodiment embodiment includes Embodiments 1-6, as follows:
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the hollow block includes a rectangular block 7 having a two-hole "day" shape in plan view, and the rectangular block 7 includes two vertical through holes 2, front and rear side walls 3, and left and right end ends.
  • the rib 4 and the middle rib 41 further include a bump 5 and a groove 6.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular block are two planes parallel to each other.
  • the hollow block further comprises: a bolting member 1 respectively disposed in the two through holes 2 of the "Japanese" shaped rectangular block, the bolting member 1 being disposed on the inner surface of the wall and the end rib, and two bolting
  • the horizontal section of the component is “concave” and the concave surfaces are opposite; the outer surface of the bolting member 1 is seamlessly fitted with the wall and the end rib, and seamlessly fits the connection angle of the wall and the end rib, and is bolted
  • the integral vertical vertical cross-sectional shape of the component 1 combined with the wall and the end rib is a stepped shape; the upper end of the bolting member 1 protrudes beyond the through hole 2, and the height of the protruding portion is smaller than the height of the "Japanese"-shaped rectangular block.
  • the length of the bolting member 1 in the horizontal left-right direction is smaller than 1/2 of the length in the horizontal direction of the horizontal cross section of the through hole 2.
  • the lower end surface of the bolting member is flush with the lower surface of the rectangular block, and the lower surface of the hollow block is a flat surface without partial upward depression.
  • the components of the above hollow block: the bolting member 1, the through hole 2, the wall 3, the end rib 4, the middle rib 41, the bump 5 and the groove 6 are integrally formed by the mold at one time.
  • the upper end of the bolting part of the lower block is inserted into the through hole of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks, and the adjacent joint is formed to form the adjacent joint.
  • the structure in which the lower blocks are bolted to each other; the bumps of the two blocks adjacent to the horizontal wall and the grooves form a horizontal splicing structure, and the interior of the wall is a special upper and lower bolting and horizontal splicing structure.
  • the structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the masonry structure is also the same, except that the horizontal section of the bolting member 1 of the embodiment is "L" shape, and each Two “L” shaped bolting members 1 are respectively disposed in the through holes 2.
  • the structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the masonry structure is also the same, and the difference is that
  • the horizontal cross section of the bolting member 1 of the present embodiment is rectangular, and two rectangular bolting members 1 are respectively disposed in each of the through holes 2.
  • the hollow block includes a rectangular block having a four-hole "field" shape in plan view, and the rectangular block includes four vertical through holes 2, front and rear side walls 3, and left and right end ribs 4
  • the middle rib 41 having a horizontal cross section of a "ten" shape further includes a bump 5 and a groove 6.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular block are two planes parallel to each other.
  • the hollow block further comprises: an "L” shaped bolting member 1 respectively disposed in the four through holes 2 of the "shape" rectangular block, the bolting member 1 being disposed on the inner surface of the wall and the end rib,
  • the four bolting members have an "L” shape in a horizontal section and the concave surfaces are opposite; the outer surface of the bolting member 1 is seamlessly fitted with the wall and the end ribs, and is seamlessly attached to the corners of the wall and the end ribs.
  • the integral vertical vertical cross-sectional shape of the bolting member 1 combined with the wall and the end rib is a stepped shape; the upper end of the bolting member 1 protrudes from the through hole 2, and the protruding portion has a height smaller than that of the "Tian"-shaped rectangular block.
  • the height of the bolting member 1 in the horizontal right and left direction is smaller than 1/2 of the length of the horizontal cross section of the through hole 2 in the horizontal direction.
  • the lower end surface of the bolting member is flush with the lower surface of the rectangular block, and the lower surface of the hollow block is a flat surface and is not partially recessed upward.
  • the components of the above hollow block: the bolting member 1, the through hole 2, the wall 3, the end rib 4, the middle rib 41, the bump 5 and the groove 6 are integrally formed by the mold at one time.
  • the upper end of the bolting part of the lower block is inserted into the through hole of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks, and the adjacent joint is formed.
  • the structure in which the lower blocks are bolted to each other; the bumps of the two blocks adjacent to the horizontal wall and the grooves form a horizontal splicing structure, and the interior of the wall is a special upper and lower bolting and horizontal splicing structure.
  • the structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the masonry structure is also substantially the same.
  • the embodiment does not include the bump 5 and the groove 6 in the embodiment 1.
  • Structure, masonry rafting only need to find the upper part of the bolting part of the lower layer block to be inserted into the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks of the through hole, nesting and staggering masonry, and forming adjacent upper and lower
  • the structure in which the blocks are bolted to each other can be used.
  • the structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 4, and the masonry structure is also substantially the same, except that the embodiment does not include the bump 5 and the groove 6 in the embodiment 4.
  • Structure, masonry only need to find the upper part of the bolting part of the lower block to be inserted into the through hole of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks
  • the set of staggered joints can be constructed and the adjacent upper and lower blocks can be bolted together.
  • an insulating layer 8 having a built-in insulating material is provided.
  • the second embodiment embodiment includes Embodiments 7-12, as follows:
  • the hollow block includes a rectangular block 7 having a two-hole "day" shape in plan view, and the rectangular block 7 includes two vertical through holes 2, front and rear side walls 3, and left and right end ends.
  • the rib 4 and the middle rib 41 further include a bump 5 and a groove 6.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular block are two planes parallel to each other.
  • the hollow block further comprises: a bolting member 1 respectively disposed in the two through holes 2 of the "Japanese" shaped rectangular block, the bolting member 1 being disposed on the inner surface of the wall and the end rib, and two bolting
  • the horizontal section of the component is “concave” and the concave surfaces are opposite; the outer surface of the bolting member 1 is seamlessly fitted with the wall and the end rib, and seamlessly fits the connection angle of the wall and the end rib, and is bolted
  • the integral vertical vertical cross-sectional shape of the component 1 combined with the wall and the end rib is a stepped shape; the upper end of the bolting member 1 protrudes beyond the through hole 2, and the height of the protruding portion is smaller than the height of the "Japanese"-shaped rectangular block.
  • the length of the bolting member 1 in the horizontal left-right direction is larger than 1/2 of the length in the horizontal direction of the horizontal cross section of the through hole 2.
  • the lower end surface of the bolting member 1 is spaced apart from the lower surface of the rectangular block by a distance greater than the height of the outer portion of the bolting member 1 which protrudes from the through hole 2.
  • the respective components of the above hollow block: the bolting member 1, the through hole 2, the wall 3, the end rib 4, the middle rib 41, the bump 5 and the groove 6 are integrally formed by the mold at one time.
  • the upper end of the bolting part of the lower block is inserted into the through hole of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks, and the lower layer is bolted.
  • the top surface of the component is not in contact with the bottom surface of the upper bolting component, and the adjacent upper and lower blocks are bolted together; the two blocks of the horizontally adjacent brick block and the groove cooperate to form a horizontal splicing structure
  • the interior of the masonry wall has a special structure of upper and lower bolting and horizontal splicing.
  • the structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 7, and the masonry structure is also substantially the same, except that the embodiment does not include the bump 5 and the groove 6 in the embodiment 7.
  • Structure, masonry rafting only need to find the upper part of the bolting part of the lower layer block to be inserted into the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks of the through hole, nesting and staggering masonry, and forming adjacent upper and lower
  • the structure in which the blocks are bolted to each other can be used.
  • the structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 7, and the masonry structure is also the same, and the difference is the same. That is, the horizontal section of the bolting member 1 of the present embodiment is "L"-shaped, and two “L"-shaped bolting members 1 are respectively provided in each of the through holes 2.
  • the masonry structure of this embodiment is as shown in FIG.
  • the structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 7, and the masonry structure is also the same, except that the horizontal section of the bolting member 1 of the embodiment is rectangular, and each through hole Two rectangular bolting members 1 are respectively provided in the two.
  • the hollow block includes a rectangular block having a four-hole "field" shape in plan view, and the rectangular block includes four vertical through holes 2, front and rear side walls 3, and left and right end ribs 4
  • the middle rib 41 having a horizontal cross section of a "ten" shape further includes a bump 5 and a groove 6.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular block are two planes parallel to each other.
  • the hollow block further comprises: an "L” shaped bolting member 1 respectively disposed in the four through holes 2 of the "shape" rectangular block, the bolting member 1 being disposed on the inner surface of the wall and the end rib,
  • the four bolting members have an "L” shape in a horizontal section and the concave surfaces are opposite; the outer surface of the bolting member 1 is seamlessly fitted with the wall and the end ribs, and is seamlessly attached to the corners of the wall and the end ribs.
  • the integral vertical vertical cross-sectional shape of the bolting member 1 combined with the wall and the end rib is a stepped shape; the upper end of the bolting member 1 protrudes from the through hole 2, and the protruding portion has a height smaller than that of the "Tian"-shaped rectangular block.
  • the height, the length of the bolting member 1 in the horizontal left-right direction is larger than 1/2 of the length of the horizontal cross section of the through hole 2 in the left-right direction.
  • the lower end surface of the bolting member 1 is spaced apart from the lower surface of the rectangular block by a distance greater than the height of the outer portion of the bolting member 1 which protrudes from the through hole 2.
  • the respective components of the above hollow block: the bolting member 1, the through hole 2, the wall 3, the end rib 4, the middle rib 41, the bump 5 and the groove 6 are integrally formed by the mold at one time.
  • the upper part of the bolting part of the lower block is inserted into the through hole of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks, and the lower layer is bolted.
  • the top surface of the component is not in contact with the bottom surface of the upper bolting component, and the adjacent upper and lower blocks are bolted together; the two blocks of the horizontally adjacent brick block and the groove cooperate to form a horizontal splicing structure
  • the interior of the masonry wall has a special structure of upper and lower bolting and horizontal splicing.
  • the structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 11, and the masonry structure is also substantially the same, except that the embodiment does not include the bump 5 and the groove 6 in the embodiment 11.
  • Structure, masonry only need to find the upper part of the bolting part of the lower block to insert the corresponding upper hole of the adjacent two blocks
  • the inner nesting is staggered and the adjacent upper and lower blocks are bolted together.
  • This embodiment is provided with an insulating layer 8 which can be provided with a heat insulating material.
  • the present invention mainly uses hollow blocks to form a wall body, and the upper end protruding portions of the bolting members of the lower wall blocks are respectively inserted into the through holes of the corresponding upper two adjacent blocks.
  • Nesting the staggered masonry, and the walls of the upper and lower adjacent blocks are docked with the ribs to form a structure in which the adjacent upper and lower blocks are bolted together;
  • the bolting member acts as a pin for the nested block, Position, restraint, fixing and connecting;
  • the two blocks of horizontally adjacent blocks of the block and the groove cooperate to form a horizontal splicing structure;
  • the blocks can be connected to each other to form a unitary structure, each block is The "up and down, left and right, front and back" directions are constrained.
  • the block has a unique structure, so that the masonry wall has a unique internal structure, which makes the internal block of the wall mutually restrain each other, greatly improves the shear strength of the wall, and improves the tensile, bending and compressive strength.
  • the block masonry has good seismic and crack resistance and effects.

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Abstract

一种空心砌块，包括带有"日"字形或"田"字形通孔（2）的矩形块，矩形块上附着设置有栓接部件（1），栓接部件（1）在"日"字形块的每个通孔（2）内壁及端肋（4）的内立面上附着设置，水平截面为"凹"字形或者两个水平截面为"Ｌ"形；或者栓接部件（1）在"田"字形块的每个通孔（2）内壁及端肋（4）的内立面上附着设置，水平截面为"Ｌ"形；栓接部件（1）凹立面相对布置，外立面与壁（3）及端肋（4）无缝贴合呈阶梯形状，栓接部件（1）的上端伸出通孔（2）外且伸出高度小于通孔（2）高度。墙体由该空心砌块砌筑而成。该栓孔连接结构使砌筑后的墙体形成抗剪强度高、抗震及防裂功能好、易砌筑。

Description

一种空心砌块 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及建筑墙体材料， 特别指一种空心砌块
背景技术
[0002] 目前建筑新型墙体材料主要分为砖、 砌块、 板材三类。 砌块类主要有普通混凝 土砌块、 轻质混凝土砌块、 加气混凝土砌块、 石膏砌块、 粉煤灰砌块、 烧结空 心砌块等。 住房和城乡建设部发布的 《关于发布墙体保温系统与墙体材料推广 应用和限制、 禁止使用技术的公告》 （住建部公告第 1338号） 中列出了推广的 新型墙体材料砌块种类技术名称。
[0003] 建筑结构根据地区抗震设防烈度需要考虑抗震设计， 中国的地震活动主要分布 在五个地区的 23条地震带上， 地震带上大量贫困地区的建筑物抗震能力相当低 下， 地震造成大量房屋倒塌， 危害巨大， 因此提高贫困地区房屋抗震设防标准 极为重要。 目前中国城镇和农村的 6层以下的住宅建筑以砌体结构为主。 框架混 凝土结构、 抗震剪力墙混凝土结构、 钢结构等结构建筑的抗震性能良好， 但造 价较高， 常应用于城镇高层建筑、 工业厂房等。 工程实践中， 混凝土空心砌块 不仅应用于砌体结构中， 也大量应用于框架结构、 剪力墙结构中的填充墙。 200 8年的汶川地震的震害情况表明， 填充墙均遭到不同程度破坏， 有的损害甚至超 出了主体结构， 导致不必要的经济损失， 尤其高级装饰条件下的高层建筑的损 失更为严重。 为了防止填充墙在地震吋倒塌或者形成通长的斜裂缝， 往往通过 在灰缝中设置拉结钢筋来增强力学性能， 拉结筋需要锚固于钢筋混凝土柱或墙 中， 要想准确预留困难较大， 施工单位往往采用在柱或墙上钻孔再植筋的方法 ， 这种方法的缺点： 一是对于柱或墙有损伤， 二是植筋质量不容易控制。 因此 ， 拉结筋能否充分发挥作用存疑。 考虑到在尽可能节省砌块砌体结构或填充墙 的钢筋、 混凝土用量和降低造价的条件下， 如何进一步提高砌块砌体结构或砌 块填充墙的抗震性能是具有重要现实意义的问题。
[0004] 据 《砌体结构设计》 （同济大学出版社 2013年出版本科教材， 苏小卒主编， IS BN 978-7-5608-5117-4) 说明： 砌体的力学性能主要有受压性能、 受剪性能、 受 拉性能、 受弯性能， 砌体结构在水平地震作用下多沿灰缝截面破坏， 抗震能力 主要取决于砌体的抗剪强度， 因此提高砌体的抗剪强度对于提高砌体抗震能力 起到关键作用。 对于 《普通混凝土小型空心砌块》 （GB 8239-1997) 中规定的 常规长方体块型砌块， 砌筑后砌体抗剪强度主要取决于水平和竖向灰缝砂浆的 粘结强度和砂浆砌筑质量 （砂浆饱满度等） 。 砌筑砂浆强度等级一般不高于砌 块强度等级， 砌筑砂浆强度等级目前一般最高为 Mb20。 因此这种靠砂浆粘结强 度提供的砌体抗剪强度比较有限， 造成砌体的抗震能力有限， 要进一步提高抗 剪强度需要考虑新的途径或者方法。 《国务院关于印发节能减排 "十二五"规划的 通知》 （国发 〔2012〕 40号） 中要求： "推进墙体材料革新， 城市城区限制使用 粘土制品， 县城禁止使用实心粘土砖。 " 《国家发展改革委关于印发 "十二五"墙 体材料革新指导意见的通知》 （发改环资 〔2011〕 2437号） 中提出： "到 2015年 ， 全国 30%以上的城市实现'限粘'、 50%以上县城实现 '禁实'； 新型墙体材料产 量所占比重达 65%以上。 鼓励新型墙体材料向轻质化、 高强化、 复合化发展。 " 目前我国墙体材料"限粘禁实"取得了很大成效， 但实心粘土砖在城镇和农村居民 建房中仍有较大市场。 提高砌块的技术性能， 使之能从技术方面优于粘土砖对 实现国家墙材革新规划目标将起到重要作用。 由于混凝土空心砌块具有孔洞率 大， 砂浆结合面比实心粘土砖小的特点， 且施工吋往往对砂浆饱满度控制不严 ， 造成砂浆饱满度达不到要求， 进而混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪强度等力学性能和 结构整体性比实心粘土砖砌体差， 这个原因是造成墙体幵裂的主要原因之一。 因此提高砌块砌体的抗剪强度等力学性能和结构整体性对防止墙体幵裂、 技术 性能上替代实心粘土砖具有重要作用。 提高砌块砌体的抗剪强度等力学性能， 同吋又要平衡兼顾砌块产品便于制造、 便于施工， 空心率高， 经济性好等要求 ， 需要在实践和研究创新过程中综合解决这些问题。
技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是， 针对背景技术中存在的缺点和问题加以改进和 创新， 提供一种通过独特的栓孔连接结构， 使砌筑后的墙体形成独特的内部结 构并具有优良的抗剪强度等力学性能、 具有抗震及防裂功能的空心砌块， 该砌 块兼顾保留便于制造、 便于砌筑施工， 空心率大、 应用范围广、 综合成本与造 价低、 易于推广等优点。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 为解决本发明的技术问题， 所采用的技术方案如下：
[0007] 构造一种带栓接部件的空心砌块， 该砌块包括中间有一块中肋、 带有两个竖向 通孔的 "日"字形水平截面的矩形块， 或者中间有水平截面为"十"字形的中肋、 带有四个竖向通孔的、 水平截面为"田"字形的矩形块， 矩形块的四周为两块壁 和两块端肋， 所述矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面。 所述矩形 块上附着设置有栓接部件， 所述栓接部件结合"日 "字形或"田"字形矩形块的方案 为：
[0008] 在所述"日 "字形矩形块每个通孔内在壁及端肋的内立面上附着设置有一个水平 截面为 "凹"字形的栓接部件， "日"字形矩形块附着设置的两个 "凹"字形栓接部件 为凹立面相对布置；
[0009] 或者在"日 "字形矩形块每个通孔内在壁及端肋的内立面上附着设置有两个水平 截面均为" L"形的栓接部件， "日"字矩形块附着设置的四个" L"形栓接部件为凹立 面相对布置；
[0010] 或者在 "日"字形矩形块的每个通孔内所述壁及端肋的内立面上附着设置有两个 水平截面均为矩形的栓接部件,"日 "字矩形块附着设置的四个矩形栓接部件相对 布置；
[0011] 或者在所述"田"字形矩形块每个通孔内在壁及端肋的内立面上附着设置有一个 水平截面为" L"形的栓接部件， "田"字形矩形块附着设置的四个 "L"形栓接部件为 凹立面相对布置。
[0012] 上述"凹"字形栓接部件或" L"形栓接部件或矩形栓接部件的外立面与壁和端肋 同吋无缝贴合， 且与壁和端肋的连接顶角无缝贴合； 所述栓接部件与壁及端肋 组合成的整体的竖向垂直截面形状为阶梯形状。 所述栓接部件的上端面伸出所 述通孔外， 栓接部件伸出通孔外部分的高度小于通孔的高度， 栓接部件伸出通 孔外部分的高度即栓接部件上端面与矩形块上表面的竖直距离； 所述砌块的中 肋上不设置栓接部件。 所述砌块的栓接部件与通孔组成栓孔连接结构， 错缝搭 砌的所述砌块的左右两侧栓接部件伸出通孔外部分分别插入上层相邻两块砌块 的通孔内呈嵌套状态， 且相邻上下层砌块的壁与壁、 肋与肋通过砂浆对接。
[0013] 在错缝砌筑墙体吋， 下层砌块的栓接部件伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两 块砌块的通内嵌套， 相邻上、 下层砌块的壁与壁、 肋与肋通过砂浆对接， 所述 砌块的栓接件与通孔组成栓孔连接结构。
[0014] 所述砌块的栓接部件水平左右方向的最大长度可以小于所述通孔水平截面长度 的 1/2， 也可大于或等于所述通孔水平截面长度的 1/2。
[0015] 在优选的一个实施例中， 所述栓接部件在水平左右方向上的最大长度小于所述 通孔水平截面左右方向长度的 1/2， 该栓接部件的下端面与矩形块下表面齐平， 所述空心砌块的下表面为一个平面且没有局部向上凹陷。 所述栓接部件的下端 面与所述矩形块下表面齐平， 砌块的下表面为一个平面且没有局部向上凹陷， 这是由于巧妙的利用了竖向灰缝错缝砌筑这一砌筑方式特点产生的新用途： 竖 向灰缝错缝搭砌砌块吋， 由于所述栓接部件在水平左右方向上的最大长度小于 所述通孔水平截面左右方向长度的 1/2， 上层砌块栓接部件与相邻下层砌块栓接 部件在水平方向上已相对错幵， 使得下层砌块栓接部件可以插入上层砌块通孔 内而不与上层砌块的栓接部件接触冲突， 因此栓接部件的下端面能够与所述矩 形块下表面齐平。 由于砌块的各组成部分朝下的端面共同组成的下表面为一个 平面， 下表面没有局部向上凹陷， 因此压制砌块的模具的下方托板的上表面为 光平面， 只需在目前市场上现有的单向压头砌块成型机上更换专用模具即可生 产。 与栓接部件下端面在通孔内的砌块或在砌块下表面幵设向上凹槽的砌块相 比较， 节省了抗震砌块的压制工艺步骤， 降低了制造难度， 提高了生产率， 充 分利用现有生产设备资源和条件， 同吋也降低了制造成本。
[0016] 在其中一个实施例中， 所述砌块的栓接部件水平左右方向的最大长度大于或等 于所述通孔水平截面长度的 1/2， 所述栓接部件的下端面与所述矩形块下表面间 隔有距离， 且二者间隔的竖直距离大于栓接部件伸出通孔外部分的高度。 这样 使得竖向灰缝错缝搭砌砌块吋， 下层砌块栓接部件可以插入上层砌块通孔内而 不与上层砌块的栓接部件接触冲突， 满足砌筑需要。 本砌块可以用配备上、 下 压头的砌块成型机进行压制生产。
[0017] 在其中一个实施例中， 砌块的两块端肋外立面上设置有对应的凹槽和凸块， 水 平相邻两砌块的凹槽与凸块相互配合榫接， 进一步增强内部相互约束的墙体结 构。
[0018] 在其中一个实施例中， 本发明砌块的竖向通孔关于连接前、 后壁的中肋对称设 置。
[0019] 在其中一个实施例中， 本发明砌块的栓接部件关于连接前、 后壁的中肋对称设 置， 同吋砌块的竖向通孔也关于连接前、 后壁的中肋对称设置。 这样设置更便 于错缝搭砌和相邻上、 下层砌块的壁与壁、 肋与肋通过砂浆上下对接。
[0020] 在其中一个实施例中， 所述空心砌块可设置保温层， 可以提高砌块的保温隔热 性能， 使砌块功能进一步复合化。
[0021] 根据需要所述砌块上可以幵设钢筋水平布置槽。
[0022] 此外， 所述栓接部件伸出通孔外部分的外立面可设计成向该栓接部件所在通孔 内方向缩进， 该设计能使得栓接部件与嵌套的通孔在砌块宽度方向上有足够的 间隙余量便于施工和墙体平整度等的调整。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0023] 本发明的有益效果如下：
[0024] 由于本发明所述砌块的中肋上不设置栓接部件， 因此栓接部件插入通孔后留有 水平长度方向上的合理间隙以便有活动余量， 便于砌筑施工。 砌块由混凝土或 粉煤灰或其他原料等压制而成， 生产吋每一块砌块的外形及边角尺寸都有实际 偏差， 并且人工施工砌筑吋， 砌块与砌块之间的间距尺寸也会有合理范围内的 偏差， 不同于金属机械零部件具有较高的加工尺寸精度， 并且施工吋砌筑工人 的技术熟练程度参差不齐， 因此该砌块通孔在中肋一侧竖向立面上不设置栓接 部件使得砌筑吋留有足够的施工间隙余量， 起到了显著的有益效果。 采用竖向 灰缝错缝方式砌筑墙体吋， 砌块每个通孔内的栓接部件插入上层相邻砌块的一 个通孔内， 与通孔的 2个或 3个竖向面通过砂浆填充间隙连接， 栓接部件与上层 砌块的中肋的间隙为 （端肋厚 x2—中肋厚） /2， 该间隙一般可为 0.8〜1.2cm， 因 此有足够的砌筑间隙。 砌块的栓接部件与自身中肋之间自由设有足够的间距， 砌筑吋下层砌块的栓接部件与上层砌块也有足够的砌筑调整间隙。 该调整间隙 避免了由于下层相邻砌块的间距偏差较大， 造成错缝砌筑吋上层砌块的通孔不 能卡套下层相邻两块砌块的栓接部件。 栓接部件与嵌套的通孔在长度方向上有 足够的间隙余量便于栓接部件嵌入通孔内卡砌施工， 便于墙体轴线位移偏差、 垂直度、 平整度等施工尺寸的调整。 该间隙可以使砌块不必须要有很高的外观 尺寸精度和表面光洁度， 允许合理的尺寸偏差， 且所述砌块在制造过程中无需 另外设置凹槽以容纳配合凸起， 制造工艺难度大大降低。 根据墙体分为抹灰和 不抹灰两种情况， 砌块的实际外观尺寸精度和表面光洁度有不同的标准， 适用 于混水墙和清水墙。 所述砌块便于生产， 施工效率高， 省工吋， 成本及综合造 价较低， 贴合实际条件， 易于推广生产和使用。 可广泛用于承重结构、 非承重 结构、 框架结构填充墙、 清水墙、 混水墙等领域， 应用范围广。
[0025] 由于本发明采用水平榫接结构， 采用砌块形成的墙体结构吋， 墙体下层砌块的 栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套错缝砌 筑， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构； 墙体水平相邻的两块砌块的凸块与 凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构， 这样在砌块的两端肋外立面形成了曲面便于挂浆 ， 脱浆概率大大降低， 增加灰缝饱满度， 并且增加了砂浆粘结面积， 因此提高 了竖向灰缝的粘结强度， 并且左右榫接结构具有承受一定垂直于墙面方向载荷 的能力。 左右榫接结构与上下栓孔连接结构在结构上相互固定配合， 在约束功 能上彼此支持， 提高墙体的整体性、 力学性能和抗震、 防裂效果。
[0026] 由于本发明在砌块的壁或肋或栓接部件上幵设有水平布置槽， 在砌筑墙体吋在 若干相邻上下层砌块之间布置水平钢筋， 以进一步增加墙体的整体性。 例如在 砌块的 "凹"字形栓接部件或肋上幵设朝上的水平槽口， 便于在墙体相邻上下层砌 块之间布置水平钢筋。 或者在肋上幵设朝下的槽口， 便于在相邻上下层砌块之 间布置水平钢筋。
[0027] 由于本发明所述的空心砌块具有栓孔连接结构， 因此用此空心砌块错缝砌筑的 墙体， 其下层砌块的栓接部件和相邻上层两块砌块的壁和肋嵌套， 并且间隙间 通过砂浆填充； 这样每一块砌块的栓接部件都插入上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内 嵌套连接， 并且该砌块的通孔又与相邻下层两块砌块插进的栓接部件连接， 形 成了砌块之间利用自身结构相互约束的稳固整体结构。 栓孔连接结构通过栓接 部件自身的截面强度在前后、 左右方向限制约束每一块砌块， 并通过砂浆粘结 作用在上下方向约束砌块， 墙体中相邻的砌块之间相互约束。 该栓接部件对嵌 套砌块起到销栓、 限位、 约束、 固定和连接作用。 本发明使墙体结构中的砌块 相互扣套连接成"板状整体性"结构， 并具有一定的内部缓冲消能能力， 通过栓接 部件、 灰缝砂浆的连接和限制约束作用， 大大提高了砌体结构的整体性和抗剪 强度， 同吋也提高了砌体的抗拉、 抗弯、 抗压强度， 因此本发明砌块砌体具有 显著的抗震、 防裂性能和效果。
[0028] 本发明砌块的生产原材料采用混凝土、 或粉煤灰、 或其它材料。 该砌块便于制 造， 砌筑使用吋与常规砌块的砌法类似， 没有增加砌筑难度， 操作方便； 可替 代实心粘土砖建筑， 采用砌块专用砂浆砌筑， 省工吋、 简洁、 施工效率高， 减 少水泥钢筋用量， 成本造价降低， 具有综合的技术和经济效益。 使用该砌块砌 筑的砌体具有抗震、 防裂、 空心率大、 轻质高强、 保温隔热、 防水抗渗、 节约 能源、 利废环保、 抗台风等特点。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0029] 图 1是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之一立体结构示意图。
[0030] 图 2是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之二立体结构示意图。
[0031] 图 3是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之三立体结构示意图。
[0032] 图 4是图 1砌块砌筑状态示意图。
[0033] 图 5是本发明四孔结构砌块实施例之一立体结构示意图。
[0034] 图 6是图 5砌块砌筑状态示意图。
[0035] 图 7是本发明不带凹槽和凸块的实施例结构示意图。
[0036] 图 8是本发明带保温层的实施例结构示意图。
[0037] 图 9是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之七立体结构示意图。
[0038] 图 10是图 9砌块砌筑状态示意图。
[0039] 图 11是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之八立体结构示意图。 [0040] 图 12是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之九立体结构示意图。
[0041] 图 13是图 12砌块砌筑状态示意图。
[0042] 图 14是本发明两孔结构砌块实施例之十立体结构示意图。
[0043] 图 15是是本发明四孔结构砌块实施例之十一立体结构示意图。
[0044] 图 16是图 15砌块砌筑状态示意图。
[0045] 图 17是图 15增加保温层的实施例结构示意图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0046] 在此处键入本发明的最佳实施方式描述段落。
本发明的实施方式
[0047] 第一项实施方案： 如图 1至图 8所示， 本发明空心砌块包含幵设有通孔 2的矩形 块 7， 所述通孔 2布置为两孔结构或者四孔结构， 其中幵设有两孔结构的矩形块 7 为中间有一块中肋 41、 带有两个竖向通孔 2的、 "日"字形水平截面的矩形块； 幵 设有四孔结构的矩形块为中间有水平截面为"十"字形的中肋 41、 带有四个竖向通 孔 2的、 水平截面为"田"字形的矩形块。 上述矩形块的四周分别为两块壁 3和两 块端肋 4， 上述矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面。
[0048] 所述通孔 2内还附着设置有形成该砌块组合墙体的内部约束结构的栓接部件 1 :
[0049] 在"日 "字形矩形块 7的每个通孔 2内所述壁 3及端肋 4的内立面上附着设置有： 一 个水平截面为 "凹"字形的栓接部件 1或者两个水平截面为 "L"形的栓接部件 1或者 两个矩形截面的栓接部件； 或者在所述"田"字形矩形块 7的每个通孔 2内所述壁 3 及端肋 4的内立面上附着设置有一个水平截面为" L"形的栓接部件 1。
[0050] 所述矩形块 7上的"凹"字形栓接部件 1或" L"形栓接部件 1为凹立面相对布置， 或 者所述矩形块 7上的矩形栓接部件 1为相对布置； 并且栓接部件 1的外立面与壁 3 及端肋 4无缝贴合。 所述的栓接部件 1上端伸出通孔 2外， 且栓接部件伸出通孔 2 外部分的高度小于通孔 2的高度。 在水平左右方向上所述栓接部件 1的最大长度 小于通孔水平截面长度的 1/2， 且各栓接部件 1的下端面与所述矩形块 7的下表面 齐平。 所述通孔 2和栓接部件 1组成栓孔连接结构， 错缝搭砌的所述空心砌块的 栓接部件伸出通孔外部分分别插入上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内， 且相邻上下层 砌块的壁与壁、 肋与肋通过砂浆对接。
[0051] 第二项实施方案： 如图 9至 17所示， 该实施例与图 1至图 8所示实施例的区别在 于：
[0052] 在水平左右方向上所述栓接部件 1的最大长度大于或等于所述通孔 2水平截面长 度的 1/2， 且各栓接部件 1的下端面与所述矩形块 7的下表面间隔有距离， 且二者 间隔的竖直距离大于栓接部件 1伸出通孔 2外部分的高度。
[0053] 本发明砌块延续保留 《普通混凝土小型空心砌块》 （GB 8239-1997) 中规定的 常规长方体块型砌块的结构特点， 栓接部件水平截面面积只占通孔水平截面面 积很少的一部分， 延续了具有上下贯穿通孔的优点， 使砌块空心率满足标准要 求， 空心率最大可高于 40%， 延续了空心砌块比重小的优点。
[0054] 本发明砌块延续保持了 《普通混凝土小型空心砌块》 （GB 8239-1997) 中砌块 的水平铺浆面与坐浆面是一个平面的特征， 使砂浆灰缝的厚度均匀、 饱满密实 ， 且上下相邻砌块的肋与肋、 壁与壁能通过砂浆对接， 有效均匀地传递压力， 不减少铺浆和坐浆面积， 保证了水平灰缝粘结面积， 并增加了栓接部件外立面 与嵌套砌块通孔内立面的砂浆粘结面积， 有利于提高灰缝的粘结强度， 从而提 高砌体强度。
[0055] 为了便于理解本发明， 下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。 附 图中给出了本发明的优选实施例。 但是， 本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现 ， 并不限于本文所描述的实施例。 相反地， 提供这些实施例的目的是使本发明 的公幵内容更加透彻、 充分。
[0056] 为了便于说明， 本说明书中砌块左右方向即砌块长度方向， 砌块前后方向即 砌块宽度方向， 砌块上下方向即砌块高度方向； 肋分为砌块中间的"一"字型中肋 或"十"字形中肋， 和砌块左右两端的端肋。 需要说明的是， 当部件被认为是"设 置"在另一个部件上， 它可以是直接附着成型在另一个部件上或者可能同吋存在 居中部件。 本文中所使用的方位性语言"上"、 "下"、 "左"、 "右"、 "前"、 "后"以 及类似的表述， 是用本发明砌块处在本说明书砌块实施例立体结构示意图中摆 放状态吋的空间方位来说明解释本发明砌块形状结构的特征， 只是为了说明的 目的。
[0057] 除非另有定义， 本文中所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与本发明的技术领域的 技术人员通常理解的含义相同。 说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实 施目的， 不是旨在于限制本发明。
[0058] 第一项实施方案实施例包括实施例 1-6， 具体如下：
[0059] 实施例 1 :
[0060] 如图 1所示， 空心砌块包括有俯视形状为两孔"日"字形的矩形块 7， 矩形块 7包 括两个竖向通孔 2、 前后侧的壁 3、 左右两端的端肋 4、 中肋 41， 还包括有凸块 5 和凹槽 6， 矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面。 空心砌块还包括： 在"日 "字形矩形块的两个通孔 2内分别设置的一个栓接部件 1， 该栓接部件 1设置 在壁与端肋的内立面上， 两个栓接部件水平截面均为 "凹"字形且凹立面相对； 栓 接部件 1的外立面与壁和端肋无缝贴合， 且与壁和端肋的连接顶角无缝贴合， 栓 接部件 1与壁和端肋组合成的整体的竖向垂直截面形状为阶梯形状； 栓接部件 1 的上端伸出通孔 2外， 伸出部分的高度小于该"日"字形矩形块的高度， 栓接部件 1 在水平左右方向的长度小于通孔 2水平截面左右方向长度的 1/2。 栓接部件的下端 面与所述矩形块下表面齐平， 空心砌块的下表面为一个平面且没有局部向上凹 陷。 上述空心砌块的各组成部分： 栓接部件 1、 通孔 2、 壁 3、 端肋 4、 中肋 41、 凸块 5和凹槽 6由模具整体一次成型。
[0061] 如图 4所示， 砌筑吋， 下层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层 相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套错缝砌筑， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构； 墙体水平相邻的两块砌块的凸块与凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构， 砌筑成的墙体 内部为上下栓接和水平榫接的特殊结构。
[0062] 实施例 2:
[0063] 如图 2所示， 本实施例与实施例 1结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也相同， 不同之处是 ， 本实施例的栓接部件 1的水平截面为 "L"形， 且每个通孔 2内分别设有两个" L" 形栓接部件 1。
[0064] 实施例 3:
[0065] 如图 3所示， 本实施例与实施例 1结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也相同， 不同之处是 ， 本实施例的栓接部件 1的水平截面为矩形， 且每个通孔 2内分别设有二个矩形 栓接部件 1。
[0066] 实施例 4:
[0067] 详见附图 5， 空心砌块包括俯视形状为四孔"田"字形的矩形块， 矩形块包括有 4 个竖向通孔 2、 前后侧的壁 3、 左右两端的端肋 4、 水平截面为"十"字形的中肋 41 ， 还包括有凸块 5和凹槽 6， 矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面。 空心砌块还包括： 在"田"字形矩形块的四个通孔 2内分别设有一个" L"字形栓接部 件 1， 该栓接部件 1设置在壁与端肋的内立面上， 四个栓接部件水平截面均为 "L" 字形且凹立面相对； 栓接部件 1的外立面与壁和端肋无缝贴合， 且与壁和端肋的 连接顶角无缝贴合， 栓接部件 1与壁和端肋组合成的整体的竖向垂直截面形状为 阶梯形状； 栓接部件 1的上端伸出通孔 2， 伸出部分高度小于该 "田"字形矩形块的 高度， 栓接部件 1在水平左右方向的长度小于通孔 2水平截面左右方向长度的 1/2 。 栓接部件的下端面与所述矩形块下表面齐平， 空心砌块的下表面为一个平面 且没有局部向上凹陷。 上述空心砌块的各组成部分： 栓接部件 1、 通孔 2、 壁 3、 端肋 4、 中肋 41、 凸块 5和凹槽 6由模具整体一次成型。
[0068] 如图 6所示， 砌筑吋， 下层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层 相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套错缝砌筑， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构； 墙体水平相邻的两块砌块的凸块与凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构， 砌筑成的墙体 内部为上下栓接和水平榫接的特殊结构。
[0069] 实施例 5:
[0070] 如图 7所示， 本实施例与实施例 1结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也基本相同， 不同之 处是， 本实施例不包括有实施例 1中的凸块 5和凹槽 6结构， 砌筑吋， 只需找准下 层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌 套错缝砌筑， 并形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构即可。
[0071] 实施例 6:
[0072] 如图 8所示， 本实施例与实施例 4结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也基本相同， 不同之 处是， 本实施例不包括有实施例 4中的凸块 5和凹槽 6结构， 砌筑吋， 只需找准下 层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌 套错缝砌筑， 并形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构即可。 同吋本实施例设置 有可以内置保温材料的保温层 8。
[0073] 第二项实施方案实施例包括实施例 7-12， 具体如下：
[0074] 实施例 7:
[0075] 如图 9所示， 空心砌块包括有俯视形状为两孔"日"字形的矩形块 7， 矩形块 7包 括两个竖向通孔 2、 前后侧的壁 3、 左右两端的端肋 4、 中肋 41， 还包括有凸块 5 和凹槽 6， 矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面。 空心砌块还包括： 在"日 "字形矩形块的两个通孔 2内分别设置的一个栓接部件 1， 该栓接部件 1设置 在壁与端肋的内立面上， 两个栓接部件水平截面均为 "凹"字形且凹立面相对； 栓 接部件 1的外立面与壁和端肋无缝贴合， 且与壁和端肋的连接顶角无缝贴合， 栓 接部件 1与壁和端肋组合成的整体的竖向垂直截面形状为阶梯形状； 栓接部件 1 的上端伸出通孔 2外， 伸出部分的高度小于该"日"字形矩形块的高度， 栓接部件 1 在水平左右方向的长度大于通孔 2水平截面左右方向长度的 1/2。 栓接部件 1的下 端面与所述矩形块下表面间隔的距离大于栓接部件 1伸出通孔 2外部分的高度。 上述空心砌块的各组成部分： 栓接部件 1、 通孔 2、 壁 3、 端肋 4、 中肋 41、 凸块 5 和凹槽 6由模具整体一次成型。
[0076] 如图 10所示， 砌筑吋， 下层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层 相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套错缝砌筑， 且下层栓接部件的顶面与上层栓接部件 的底面不接触， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构； 墙体水平相邻的两块砌 块的凸块与凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构， 砌筑成的墙体内部为上下栓接和水平 榫接的特殊结构。
[0077] 实施例 8:
[0078] 如图 11所示， 本实施例与实施例 7结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也基本相同， 不同 之处是， 本实施例不包括有实施例 7中的凸块 5和凹槽 6结构， 砌筑吋， 只需找准 下层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内 嵌套错缝砌筑， 并形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构即可。
[0079] 实施例 9:
[0080] 如图 12所示， 本实施例与实施例 7结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也相同， 不同之处 是， 本实施例的栓接部件 1的水平截面为 "L"形， 且每个通孔 2内分别设有两个" L "形栓接部件 1。 该实施例的砌筑结构如图 13所示。
[0081] 实施例 10:
[0082] 如图 14所示， 本实施例与实施例 7结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也相同， 不同之处 是， 本实施例的栓接部件 1的水平截面为矩形， 且每个通孔 2内分别设有两个矩 形栓接部件 1。
[0083] 实施例 11:
[0084] 如图 15所示， 空心砌块包括俯视形状为四孔"田"字形的矩形块， 矩形块包括有 4个竖向通孔 2、 前后侧的壁 3、 左右两端的端肋 4、 水平截面为"十"字形的中肋 41 ， 还包括有凸块 5和凹槽 6， 矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面。 空心砌块还包括： 在"田"字形矩形块的四个通孔 2内分别设有一个" L"字形栓接部 件 1， 该栓接部件 1设置在壁与端肋的内立面上， 四个栓接部件水平截面均为 "L" 字形且凹立面相对； 栓接部件 1的外立面与壁和端肋无缝贴合， 且与壁和端肋的 连接顶角无缝贴合， 栓接部件 1与壁和端肋组合成的整体的竖向垂直截面形状为 阶梯形状； 栓接部件 1的上端伸出通孔 2， 伸出部分高度小于该 "田"字形矩形块的 高度， 栓接部件 1在水平左右方向的长度大于通孔 2水平截面左右方向长度的 1/2 。 栓接部件 1的下端面与所述矩形块下表面间隔的距离大于栓接部件 1伸出通孔 2 外部分的高度。 上述空心砌块的各组成部分： 栓接部件 1、 通孔 2、 壁 3、 端肋 4 、 中肋 41、 凸块 5和凹槽 6由模具整体一次成型。
[0085] 如图 16所示， 砌筑吋， 下层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层 相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套错缝砌筑， 且下层栓接部件的顶面与上层栓接部件 的底面不接触， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构； 墙体水平相邻的两块砌 块的凸块与凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构， 砌筑成的墙体内部为上下栓接和水平 榫接的特殊结构。
[0086] 实施例 12:
[0087] 如图 17所示， 本实施例与实施例 11结构基本相同， 砌筑结构也基本相同， 不同 之处是， 本实施例不包括有实施例 11中的凸块 5和凹槽 6结构， 砌筑吋， 只需找 准下层砌块的栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两块砌块的通孔 内嵌套错缝砌筑， 并形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接的结构即可。 本实施例设置 有可以内置保温材料的保温层 8。
[0088] 参考上述实施例可知， 本发明主要使用空心砌块砌筑成墙体， 墙体下层砌块的 栓接部件上端伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套错缝砌 筑， 并且上下相邻砌块的壁与肋通过砂浆对接， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接 的结构； 该栓接部件对嵌套砌块起到销栓、 限位、 约束、 固定和连接作用； 墙 体水平相邻的两块砌块的凸块与凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构； 该砌块能相互扣 套连接成整体性结构， 每块砌块在"上下、 左右、 前后"方向被限制约束。 该砌块 具有独特结构从而使砌筑墙体具有独特内部结构， 使墙体内部砌块相互约束， 大大提高了墙体的抗剪强度， 并提高了抗拉、 抗弯、 抗压强度， 砌块砌体具有 良好的抗震、 防裂性能和效果。
[0089] 本发明所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行的描述， 并非对本发 明构思和范围进行限定， 在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下， 本领域中工程技 术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进， 均应落入本发明的保护范 围， 本发明请求保护的技术内容， 已经全部记载在权利要求书中。
工业实用性
[0090] 在此处键入工业实用性描述段落。
序列表自由内容
[0091] 在此处键入序列表自由内容描述段落。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种空心砌块， 包括带有通孔结构的矩形块， 所述带有通孔结构的矩 形块为中间有一块中肋、 带有两个竖向通孔的 "日"字形水平截面的矩 形块， 或者为中间有 "十"字形水平截面中肋、 带有四个竖向通孔的" 田"字形水平截面的矩形块， 所述矩形块的四周分别为两块壁和两块 端肋， 矩形块的上表面、 下表面为相互平行的两个平面； 其特征在于 ， 所述矩形块上附着设置有栓接部件， 所述栓接部件为：
在所述 "日"字形矩形块的每个通孔内所述壁及端肋的内立面上附着设 置有一个水平截面为 "凹"字形的栓接部件或者两个水平截面为" L"形 的栓接部件， 所述矩形块上的"凹"字形或 "L"形栓接部件为凹立面相 对布置； 或者在所述"日 "字形矩形块的每个通孔内所述壁及端肋的内 立面上附着设置有两个水平截面为矩形的栓接部件， 所述矩形块上的 矩形栓接部件相对布置；
或者在所述"田"字形矩形块的每个通孔内所述壁及端肋的内立面上附 着设置有一个水平截面为" L"形的栓接部件， 所述矩形块上的" L"形栓 接部件为凹立面相对布置；
所述栓接部件的外立面与壁及端肋无缝贴合， 所述栓接部件与壁及端 肋组合成的整体的竖向垂直截面形状为阶梯形状， 所述栓接部件的上 端伸出通孔外， 所述栓接部件伸出通孔外部分的高度小于通孔的高度 ； 所述空心砌块的中肋上不设置栓接部件； 所述空心砌块的栓接部件 和通孔组成栓孔连接结构， 错缝搭砌的所述空心砌块的栓接部件伸出 通孔外部分分别插入上层相邻两块砌块的通孔内， 且相邻上下层砌块 的壁与壁、 肋与肋通过砂浆对接。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 在水平左右方向 上所述栓接部件最大长度小于通孔水平截面长度的 1/2， 且各栓接部 件的下端面与所述矩形块下表面齐平， 所述空心砌块的下表面为一个 平面且没有局部向上凹陷。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 在水平左右方向 上所述栓接部件最大长度大于或等于通孔水平截面长度的 1/2， 所述 栓接部件的下端面与所述矩形块下表面间隔有距离， 且二者间隔的竖 直距离大于栓接部件伸出通孔外部分的高度。
根据权利要求 1至 3中任意一项所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 所 述的矩形块两块端肋的外立面上对应设置有增强约束结构的凹槽和凸 块， 且水平相邻两砌块以凹槽与凸块相互配合榫接。
根据权利要求 1至 3中任意一项所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 所 述砌块的竖向通孔关于连接前、 后壁的中肋对称设置。
根据权利要求 1至 3中任意一项所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 所 述砌块的栓接部件关于连接前、 后壁的中肋对称设置， 并且所述砌块 的竖向通孔关于连接前、 后壁的中肋对称设置。
根据权利要求 1至 3中任意一项所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 所 述空心砌块设置保温层。
根据权利要求 1至 3中任意一项所述的一种空心砌块， 其特征在于， 所 述空心砌块上幵设钢筋水平布置槽。
一种利用权利要求 1所述的空心砌块砌筑成的墙体， 其特征在于， 错 缝砌筑的墙体， 下层砌块的栓接部件伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相 邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套， 相邻上、 下层砌块的壁与壁、 肋与肋通过 砂浆对接， 所述砌块的栓接部件与通孔组成栓孔连接结构。
一种利用权利要求 4所述的空心砌块砌筑成的墙体， 其特征在于， 错 缝砌筑的墙体， 下层砌块的栓接部件伸出部分分别插入对应的上层相 邻两块砌块的通孔内嵌套， 形成相邻上、 下砌块相互栓接结构； 墙体 水平相邻的砌块的凸块与凹槽配合形成水平榫接结构； 所述栓接结构 和水平榫接结构组合成内部上下、 前后和左右方向相互约束的墙体结 构。
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CN106760045A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-31 佛山市盛画世纪建材有限公司 一种建墙体系的施工方式
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CN107060150A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2017-08-18 河北建筑工程学院 一种预制拼装整体式框架填充墙体系及其施工方法
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