WO2021109281A1 - 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组 - Google Patents

装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021109281A1
WO2021109281A1 PCT/CN2019/127390 CN2019127390W WO2021109281A1 WO 2021109281 A1 WO2021109281 A1 WO 2021109281A1 CN 2019127390 W CN2019127390 W CN 2019127390W WO 2021109281 A1 WO2021109281 A1 WO 2021109281A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
ribs
product group
wall structure
walls
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/127390
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王凤来
Original Assignee
哈尔滨达城绿色建筑技术开发股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201911234256.8A external-priority patent/CN110847477A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201922158057.5U external-priority patent/CN211548336U/zh
Application filed by 哈尔滨达城绿色建筑技术开发股份有限公司 filed Critical 哈尔滨达城绿色建筑技术开发股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021109281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021109281A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/20—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/48—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a special building block product group for a novel assembled reinforced block masonry wall structure in the field of civil engineering, belonging to the technical field of building blocks.
  • Reinforced block masonry wall is based on traditional brick masonry wall technology, through factory-produced concrete hollow blocks, equipped with vertical and horizontal horizontal steel bars, pouring concrete to fill the holes according to engineering needs, and bearing the vertical and horizontal loads of the building New structural system.
  • the main material of reinforced block masonry structure-small concrete hollow block is an industrialized product made of dry hard concrete. It has load-bearing capacity and can also be combined with steel bars and perforated concrete to form reinforced block masonry.
  • the body wall bears the force together.
  • the product must provide a channel for steel and concrete to ensure that the steel and concrete can be arranged in the hollow block wall as required and ensure horizontal and vertical penetration, which puts forward special requirements for concrete blocks.
  • Assembly production has a certain share in the construction market due to its fast construction speed, low cost, and easy quality control.
  • it emerged from the large-scale restorative construction in various countries after World War II; in China, it had more applications before the 1990s.
  • it is mainly used for steel structure, wood structure and reinforced concrete structure.
  • In the masonry structure there are few applications; currently in foreign countries, there are also partial assembly construction applications in hollow blocks, and there is currently no application in reinforced block masonry structures.
  • the automated production of wall pieces will be a key factor reflecting the level of industrialization, and the fewer types of blocks will greatly reduce the difficulty of automated masonry, improve production efficiency, and minimize the number of blocks.
  • the type is the requirement of automated masonry.
  • Modular products with the basic dimensions of 390mm, 290mm, and 190mm in appearance, forming a staggered masonry structure after assembly;
  • a high porosity ratio (above 90%) can be achieved to ensure the overall performance of the reinforced block masonry wall.
  • the difference between the above two block types is not big, but in the reinforced block masonry structure, the small cavity formed at the end face of the former cannot guarantee that the concrete soil can be filled and vibrated. Compact, because the vibrator cannot enter the space. In this way, this cavity exists to a greater extent in the final wall, which weakens the performance of the entire structure.
  • the blocks need to be modified.
  • the current practice is to slot the block walls and ribs.
  • various shapes of walls such as in-line, L-shaped, T-shaped, etc., there are often no less
  • block types shown in Figure 2 below generally at least 9 block types are required.
  • the current block type satisfies the requirements of assembly, that is, blocks with basic sizes of 390mm, 290mm and 190mm meet the current large-volume and wide-area block building construction needs.
  • This block type meets the construction height of reinforced masonry not exceeding 60m. For block masonry buildings, this height is also the scope of application defined by the current "Code for Design of Masonry Structures".
  • the block type can meet the porosity of more than 90%; the second is to reduce the block type as much as possible to facilitate the use of workers and machine masonry.
  • the third is to provide large holes as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the performance of the block to facilitate the operation of filling and penetrating the reinforcement; the fourth is that there is a corresponding reasonable process to ensure the construction quality after the block type is changed.
  • the utility model solves the problem of the above prior art because concrete blocks cannot be cut at will during use, and workers still have inconveniences when operating the above 9 block types. If machines are used for automated masonry, there will be many types of block types. The problem of greatly reducing the efficiency of the machine, a product group of concrete hollow blocks special for fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structures is proposed, which reduces the block type.
  • the utility model proposes a special concrete hollow block product group for assembled reinforced block masonry wall structure, including No. 1 block, No. 2 block, No. 3 block and No. 4 block; said No. 1 block Surrounding walls form a hollow block that penetrates up and down, and one of the walls has a groove in the middle of the top; the second block is surrounded by walls on both sides and front and back ribs to form a hollow block that penetrates up and down.
  • the same groove is opened at the top middle position of the front and rear ribs, and the height of the part where the ribs extend in the same direction on both sides is lower than that of the unextended part; the No.
  • the 3 block consists of the walls on both sides and The front, middle and back three ribs enclose a hollow block that penetrates up and down.
  • the middle rib divides the block into two spaces.
  • the top and middle positions of the front, middle and back ribs have the same groove, and the space where the middle and back two ribs are located.
  • the same groove is opened in the top middle of the walls on both sides; the No. 4 block is surrounded by the walls on both sides and three front, middle and back ribs to form a hollow block that penetrates up and down, and the middle rib divides the block into two spaces ,
  • the same groove is opened at the top middle position of the three front, middle and rear ribs.
  • the No. 1 block has a length of 190mm, a width of 190mm, and a height of 190mm.
  • the second block has a length of 290mm, a width of 190mm, and a height of 190mm.
  • the No. 3 block has a length of 390mm, a width of 190mm, and a height of 190mm.
  • the No. 4 block has a length of 390mm, a width of 190mm, and a height of 190mm.
  • the wall thickness of the No. 1 block, No. 2 block, No. 3 block and No. 4 block is 28mm-32mm.
  • the masonry porosity of the No. 1 block, No. 2 block, No. 3 block and No. 4 block is greater than or equal to 90%.
  • the special hollow concrete block product group for fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure of the present utility model realizes the modular configuration of 4 types of block types for the first time, meeting 1M modulus and 2M modulus (Note: 100mm or 200mm)
  • 1M modulus and 2M modulus Note: 100mm or 200mm
  • the special hollow concrete block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure is reasonably designed, and functional holes and grooves are reserved during production to meet the requirements for the configuration of longitudinal and transverse steel bars in the engineering wall. , Engineering requirements for pouring connected concrete;
  • the special hollow concrete block product group for prefabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure of the present utility model cancels the standard block and cleaning hole block for the first time, and reduces the 9 kinds of block-shaped products to 4 types, 5 types of block types are reduced, laying a foundation for improving product production and engineering efficiency, greatly reducing costs, and providing a prerequisite for the development of fully automatic wall-building robots to replace traditional bricklayers' manual masonry work;
  • the special hollow concrete block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure of the present utility model can achieve high strength and high porosity under the premise of high opposing porosity of ⁇ 90%, which reduces The project is difficult to improve the quality of the project.
  • the special hollow concrete block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure adopts the "union" principle and replaces the less-slotted block with more slotted blocks. At the same time, it has excavated the necessity of the method in the process, and has solved the follow-up solution after the multi-opening, forming a complete process.
  • One application of the multi-opening prominent is the quality inspection in the wall masonry construction. The other is the removal of excess masonry mortar.
  • the block group provides a standardized building material product for the development of prefabricated reinforced block masonry shear wall structures suitable for high-rise buildings and the realization of automated robotic masonry. Its performance is significantly better than the national product standards and the current status of the industry is the realization of the industry Industrial product foundation for transformation, upgrading and leaping development.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of common blocks mentioned in the background art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of nine block types in the prior art mentioned in the background art
  • Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the No. 1 block of the special concrete hollow block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure according to the utility model;
  • Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the No. 2 block of the special concrete hollow block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure according to the utility model;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the No. 3 block of the special concrete hollow block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure according to the utility model;
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the No. 4 block of the special concrete hollow block product group for the fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure according to the utility model;
  • Figure 7 shows the product group of special concrete hollow blocks for prefabricated reinforced block masonry wall structure according to the utility model based on the block type design idea of high porosity; where a) represents the porosity of ordinary blocks, b ) Represents the porosity of the end ribbed block, and c) represents the porosity of the block type after reconstruction.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the essential principle of the reduction of the block type of the special concrete hollow block product group for the assembled reinforced block masonry wall structure according to the utility model;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the opening formed on the wall surface of the special concrete hollow block product group for the assembled reinforced block masonry wall structure of the utility model; a) is a schematic diagram of the opening at the corner of the T-shaped wall; b) is Schematic diagram of opening at the end of the wall;
  • Specific implementation manner 1 This implementation manner is described with reference to Figs. 2-9.
  • the product group of special concrete hollow blocks for fabricated reinforced block masonry wall structures described in this embodiment includes No. 1 block 1, No. 2 block 2, No. 3 block 3, and No. 4 block 4;
  • the No. 1 block 1 is surrounded by surrounding walls into a hollow block that penetrates up and down, one of the walls is provided with a groove in the middle of the top;
  • the No. 2 block 2 is surrounded by walls on both sides and front and rear ribs.
  • Block 3 is surrounded by walls on both sides and three front, middle and back ribs to form a hollow block that penetrates up and down.
  • the middle rib divides the block into two spaces.
  • the top middle of the two front and middle ribs have the same groove in the middle.
  • the same groove is opened at the top of the walls on both sides of the space where the two middle and rear ribs are located;
  • the No. 4 block 4 is surrounded by the walls on both sides and the three front, middle and rear ribs to form a hollow block that penetrates up and down.
  • the middle rib divides the block into two spaces, and the top middle positions of the front, middle and back three ribs are provided with the same groove.
  • the No. 1 block 1 has a length of 190mm, a width of 190mm, and a height of 190mm.
  • the second block 2 has a length of 290 mm, a width of 190 mm, and a height of 190 mm.
  • the No. 3 block 3 has a length of 390mm, a width of 190mm, and a height of 190mm.
  • the No. 4 block 4 has a length of 390 mm, a width of 190 mm, and a height of 190 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the No. 1 block 1, the No. 2 block 2, the No. 3 block 3 and the No. 4 block 4 is 28mm-32mm.
  • the block type series of the utility model is composed of 4 kinds of block types, that is, the number of block types is reduced to 4 kinds, and its use function is not affected.
  • blocks with lengths of 390mm, 290mm, and 190mm grooves with specified directions and numbers are opened for the configuration of horizontal steel bars and pouring concrete.
  • the utility model is based on the design of 190mm wide block, but the principle and method are not limited to this width, and it is also applicable to widths such as 240mm and 290mm.
  • the 9 block types shown in Figure 2 are the necessary block types to meet the composition of various forms of wall pieces.
  • the simplified method is to integrate blocks of the same length but with different channel numbers and directions:
  • the 190mm long block namely Block No. 1, remains as it is.
  • This block type is used at the end of the wall, so the channel at one end is sealed, and there is no need to pass the steel bar at this time.
  • the three types of blocks with a length of 290mm are simplified to one type, namely the second block 2.
  • This block type is not available in the original nine basic block types. That is to say, half-size channels are opened on the two walls of the half block, which can be used for bending the steel bars in two directions for use in T-shaped wall pieces. When it is used at the connecting column, the channel does not affect the setting of the connecting column.
  • the 390mm long No. 3 block 3 has four channels, which are respectively on two ribs and two walls, which can be used at the corners of T-shaped walls or the corners of L-shaped walls.
  • the high porosity is to ensure an effective vertical hole area to facilitate the installation of vertical steel bars and the pouring of concrete.
  • the side rib corresponds to the middle rib of the lower skin block
  • the width of the middle rib of the block should be as close as possible to the width of the two side ribs + the width of the mortar joint, so as to obtain the maximum porosity (theoretically, it is 100%).
  • the block holes are required to have a certain taper for demoulding during block production, the size of the paving hole of the block is slightly smaller than the size of the set hole, and the actual porosity is not 100%.
  • the block type was optimized. Based on the adjustment of the hole position and the guarantee of the cross-sectional area of the block, the block type was redesigned to make the width of the rib in the block and the two side ribs + The width of the gray seams is roughly the same.
  • This block group can achieve a porosity of more than 90% after being assembled.
  • the high porosity is to ensure that a more complete and continuous structure will be formed when steel bars are inserted into the vertical holes and concrete will be poured in the future, which fully reflects the safety of the structure. The key to wall performance.
  • the wall thickness of the block is generally about 30mm, and the wall thickness of the mortar surface and the mortar surface are different. Generally speaking, it can be calculated as 30mm. It can not only ensure larger holes, but also ensure the mechanical properties of the block itself, which is too small. The wall thickness will reduce the bearing capacity of the block, and it will also cause serious damage to the block during use.
  • Block 2 as shown in Figure 8 summarizes the two original symmetrical block types into a new block type.
  • the block type also has the channels required by the two replaced blocks to ensure the passage of steel bars and concrete.
  • the special concrete hollow block product group for the assembled reinforced block masonry wall structure adopts the principle of "union” and reduces the block type by replacing the less-slotted block with more slotted blocks. At the same time, it excavated the necessity of the method in the process, and solved the follow-up solution after the multiple openings, and formed a perfect process.
  • One application of the protruding multiple openings is the quality inspection in the wall masonry construction, and the other It is the removal of excess masonry mortar.
  • an opening When used in a wall, an opening will be formed in the wall, as shown in Figure 9. These openings are not required for the structure, but can be used as inspection ports during the production of the wall, to check whether the wall is made (masonry) is dropped into and bonded with excess mortar, which is harmful to the bearing capacity of the structure , It will also affect the pouring of concrete.
  • the inspection port can also check the number and position of the steel bars. Before pouring concrete into the wall, these openings need to be sealed, and the sealing is reliable, so as not to cause concrete leakage when the concrete is poured.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，该砌块组的一号砌块的一个壁顶部中间设置有凹槽；二号砌块的前后的肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，两侧的壁向同一方向延伸出肋的部分的高度低于未延伸出的部分；三号砌块的前中两条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，中后两条肋所在的空间两侧的壁的顶部中间开有相同的凹槽；四号砌块的前中后三条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽。解决了现有技术的由于混凝土砌块在使用中不能随意切割，工人在操作以上9种块型时仍然有所不便，因块型种类多大大降低机器的效率的问题，提出一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，精简了块型。

Description

装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组 技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种土木工程领域新型装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用的建材砌块产品组，属于建材砌块技术领域。
背景技术
配筋砌块砌体墙是基于传统砖砌体墙工艺，通过工厂生产的混凝土空心砌块，配置纵向和横向水平钢筋，按照工程需求浇筑混凝土填满孔洞，承受建筑竖向荷载和水平荷载的新型结构体系。
配筋砌块砌体结构的主要材料——混凝土小型空心砌块，就是用干硬性混凝土制成的工业化产品，自身具有承重能力，并且还可以和钢筋以及灌孔混凝土组合成配筋砌块砌体墙共同受力。该产品必须为钢筋、混凝土提供通道，以保证钢筋和混凝土能够在空心砌块墙中按需要布置、并保证水平和竖向的贯通，这对混凝土砌块提出了特殊要求。
这种结构形式因采用了工业化产品而较一般现浇钢筋混凝土结构工业化程度高，然而，由于工序复杂，产品数量种类繁多(砌块种类有近20种)，多年来一直是以现场施工，繁多的块型给操作工人使用带来较大的困难。
装配化生产，由于其具有施工速度快、造价低、质量容易控制而在建设市场中占有一定份额。在国外，其兴起于二次大战后各国的大规模恢复性建设中；在国内则的20世纪90年代之前，有较多的应用。目前主要用于钢结构、木结构、钢筋混凝土结构。在砌体结构中，应用较少；国外当前在空心砌块中，也有部分装配式施工的应用，在配筋砌块砌体结构房屋中，当前还没有应用。
对于配筋砌块砌体结构来说，墙片的自动化制作，将是反映工业化水平的关键因素，而块型种类少，就大大降低自动化砌筑的难度，提高生产效率，尽量少的砌块种类是自动化砌筑的要求。
具体来说，装配式配筋砌块砌体结构对砌块产品的要求如下：
模数化产品，外观尺寸以390mm、290mm、190mm为基本尺寸，在组砌后形成错缝砌筑的砌体；
带有使水平钢筋(及灌孔混凝土)通过的槽道；
尽量少的块型，便于砌块产品的工业化生产和管理，便于墙片砌筑以及机械自动化砌筑；
可实现高对孔率(90％以上)以保证配筋砌块砌体墙的整体性能(对孔率系指上下两皮砌块错缝砌筑后，所形成的孔道投影面积与砌块自身最大孔道面积的比值)。
当前技术研究现状
配筋砌块砌体结构始自传统砌体结构建筑，在环境保护越来越受到重视之后，需要烧制的实心黏土砖被禁止使用，混凝土小型空心砌块建筑作为替代形式之一得到了大量的应用。非配筋的小型空心砌块建筑原则上不需要用混凝土灌孔，其对块型要求较低，外形轮廓尺寸满足390和190的模数砌块，类型繁多，图1是两种常见砌块的外形，其区别主要在于砌块端部是否带有凸出端面的肋。有凸出肋的砌块在砌筑时，仅在凸出部分打满砂浆，而端面为平面的砌块在砌筑时要求整个端面全部打满砂。
在非配筋的砌块建筑建筑中，以上两种块型的差别不大，但在配筋砌块砌体结构中，前者端面处形成的小孔腔，不能保证混凝土土能够灌满和振捣密实，因为振捣棒无法进入该空间。这样在最终墙体中，这一孔腔在较大程度上是存在的，削弱了整个结构的性能。
为实现配筋，需要对砌块进行改造，当前的做法是在砌块壁和肋上开槽，为满足各种形状的墙体，如一字形、L形、T字形等，常常需要不会少于以下图2所示的一些砌块块型，一般需要至少9种块型。
由于混凝土砌块在使用中不能随意切割，工人在操作以上9种块型时仍然有所不便，如果采用机器进行自动化砌筑，则会因块型种类多大大降低机器的效率。而当前，配筋砌块砌体结构的装配化施工已经实现，混凝土砌块墙片自动化砌筑呼之欲出，基于工艺改进前提下的块型改进乃大势所趋。
当前的块型，满足组砌的要求，即以390mm、290mm和190mm为基本尺寸的砌块满足当前量大面广的砌块建筑建设需要，该块型满足建设高度不超过60m的配筋砌块砌体建筑，该高度也是目前《砌体结构设计规范》限定的适用范围。但需要对砌块的块型做细化的要求，一是基于高对孔率的需求，使得块型满足对孔率超过90％以上；二是尽量减少块型，以方便工人使用和机器砌筑；三是在保证砌块性能的前提下，尽量提供大的孔洞，方便灌孔和穿筋操作；四是块型改动后有相应的合理工艺保证施工质量。
实用新型内容
本实用新型为解决上述现有技术的由于混凝土砌块在使用中不能随意切割，工人在操作以上9种块型时仍然有所不便，如果采用机器进行自动化砌筑，则会因块型种类多大大降低机器的效率的问题，提出一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块 产品组，减少了块型。
本实用新型提出一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组包括一号砌块、二号砌块、三号砌块和四号砌块；所述一号砌块由四周的壁围成上下贯通的空心砌块，其中一个壁的顶部中间设置有凹槽；所述二号砌块由两侧的壁和前后的肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，所述前后的肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，所述两侧的壁向同一方向延伸出肋的部分的高度低于未延伸出的部分；所述三号砌块由两侧的壁和前中后三条肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，中间的肋将砌块分成两个空间，其中前中两条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，中后两条肋所在的空间两侧的壁的顶部中间开有相同的凹槽；所述四号砌块由两侧的壁和前中后三条肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，中间的肋将砌块分成两个空间，所述前中后三条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽。
优选地，所述一号砌块长为190mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
优选地，所述二号砌块长为290mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
优选地，所述三号砌块长为390mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
优选地，所述四号砌块长为390mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
优选地，所述一号砌块、二号砌块、三号砌块和四号砌块的壁厚为28mm-32mm。
优选地，所述一号砌块、二号砌块、三号砌块和四号砌块的咬槎砌筑对孔率≥90％。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型所述的一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组的有益效果为：
1、本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组首次实现4种规格块型的模数化配组，满足1M模数和2M模数(注：100mm或200mm)咬槎组砌各种截面形状墙体的工程要求，大幅提高砌块产品组的生产效率和工程组砌效率；
2、本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组通过合理设计，生产时预留功能性孔洞和凹槽，满足工程墙体内配置纵向和横向钢筋，浇筑连通混凝土的工程要求；
3、本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组首次取消标准块和清扫孔块两大种类块型，将9种块形的配组产品减少到4种，块型减少了5种，为提高产品生产和工程效率奠定了基础，大幅降低成本，为开发全自动砌墙机器人，代替传统瓦工手工砌筑作业提供了先决条件；
4、本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，在实现高强度、高孔洞率前提下的咬槎砌筑高对孔率≥90％，降低工程难度，提高工程质量。
5、本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组通过“并集”原理，通过用多开槽的砌块替代少开槽砌块的方法将块型减少，同时挖掘了该做法在工艺上的必要性，并有解决多开口之后的后续解决方法，形成了完善的工艺，多开口突出的一个应用是在墙片砌筑施工中的质量检查，另一个是多余砌筑砂浆的清掏。
该砌块组为发展高层建筑适用的装配式配筋砌块砌体剪力墙结构和实现机器人自动化砌筑提供了一种标准化建材产品，其明显性能优于国家产品标准和行业现状是实现行业转型升级和跨越式发展的工业产品基础。
附图说明
图1为背景技术提到的常见砌块的结构示意图；
图2为背景技术提到的现有技术的九种块型的结构示意图；
图3为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组的一号砌块的结构示意图；
图4为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组的二号砌块的结构示意图；
图5为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组的三号砌块的结构示意图；
图6为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组的四号砌块的结构示意图；
图7为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组基于高对孔率的块型设计思路；其中a)表示普通砌块对孔率情况，b)表示端部带肋砌块的对孔率情况，c)表示改造之后块型的对孔率情况。
图8为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组砌块块型减少的实质的原理示意图；
图9为本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组在墙面形成的开口示意图；a)为T字形墙片交角处的开口示意图；b)为墙端部的开口示意图；
图中：1-一号砌块；2-二号砌块；3-三号砌块；4-四号砌块。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明：
具体实施方式一：参见图2-9说明本实施方式。本实施方式所述的一种装配式配筋 砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组包括一号砌块1、二号砌块2、三号砌块3和四号砌块4；所述一号砌块1由四周的壁围成上下贯通的空心砌块，其中一个壁的顶部中间设置有凹槽；所述二号砌块2由两侧的壁和前后的肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，所述前后的肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，所述两侧的壁向同一方向延伸出肋的部分的高度低于未延伸出的部分；所述三号砌块3由两侧的壁和前中后三条肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，中间的肋将砌块分成两个空间，其中前中两条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，中后两条肋所在的空间两侧的壁的顶部中间开有相同的凹槽；所述四号砌块4由两侧的壁和前中后三条肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，中间的肋将砌块分成两个空间，所述前中后三条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽。
所述一号砌块1长为190mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
所述二号砌块2长为290mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
所述三号砌块3长为390mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
所述四号砌块4长为390mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
所述一号砌块1、二号砌块2、三号砌块3和四号砌块4的壁厚为28mm-32mm。
本实用新型所述的块型系列由4种块型组成，即将块型数量精简到4种，并且不影响其使用功能。对长度分别为390mm、290mm和190mm的砌块，开有规定方向和数量的槽道，以供配置水平钢筋及灌注混凝土之用。本实用新型是基于190mm宽砌块的设计，但原理方法并不限于此宽度，对240mm和290mm等宽度同样适用。
所述的一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组的设计原理：
图2所示9种块型是满足组成各种形式墙片的必备块型，简化方法是将同种长度但槽道数量和方向不同的砌块进行整合：
(1)190mm长的砌块即一号砌块1仍然原样保留，该块型用在墙肢端头处，故其一端的槽道是封死的，此时已经没有通过钢筋的需求。
(2)290mm长的三种砌块简化为1种，即二号砌块2，该块型是原9种基本块型中没有的。即将其在半块处的两条壁均开设半尺寸的槽道，可供钢筋向两个方向弯折，供在T字形墙片中使用。当其用在连接柱处时，该槽道不影响连接柱的设置。
(3)390mm长的三号砌块3，共开设了四个槽道，分别在两个肋上和两个壁上，可供在T形墙的交角处或L形墙的转角处使用。
(4)390mm长的四号砌块4，将三个肋全部贯通开设槽道，供钢筋和混凝土通过，用于一字形墙肢中。
高对孔率是为保证有效的竖向孔洞面积，以方便竖向钢筋设置以及混凝土的灌注。砌块之间有10mm宽(或厚)的灰缝，且砌块需要上下皮错缝砌筑(即上皮砌块的中肋对应下皮砌块的两个边肋，上皮砌块的两个边肋对应下皮砌块的中肋)，如图7所示，应使得砌块中肋的宽度尽量与两个边肋宽度+灰缝宽度，这样可获得最大的对孔率(理论上为100％)。由于砌块生产时脱模需要砌块孔洞有一定的锥度，所以砌块的铺浆面孔洞尺寸略小于坐浆面孔洞尺寸，实际达不到100％的对孔率。
为提高砌块对孔率，对块型做了优化，基于孔洞位置的调整，并保证砌块截面积的前提下，重新设计了块型，使得砌块中肋的宽度与两条边肋+灰缝的宽度大致相当。本砌块组在组砌后可达到对孔率90％以上，高对孔率是保证将来在竖孔中插入钢筋及灌注混凝土时形成更完整、连续的结构，对保障结构的安全、充分体现墙体性能的关键。
砌块壁厚一般在30mm左右，坐浆面和铺浆面的壁厚不同，总体上说可以以30mm计，既能保证较大的孔洞，也能保证砌块自身的力学性能，过小的壁厚会降低砌块部分的承载力，也会使砌块使用中破损严重。
块型减少实质是以开槽多的砌块代替开孔少的砌块，如图8所示的二号砌块2是将原对称的两种块型归结为一种新的块型，该块型同时具备了所替代的两种砌块所需的槽道，以保证钢筋和混凝土通过。
本实用新型所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组通过“并集”原理，通过用多开槽的砌块替代少开槽砌块的方法将块型减少，同时挖掘了该做法在工艺上的必要性，并有解决多开口之后的后续解决方法，形成了完善的工艺，多开口突出的一个应用是在墙片砌筑施工中的质量检查，另一个是多余砌筑砂浆的清掏。
用在墙中时，会在墙面形成开口，见图9所示。这些开口并非结构构造所需，但可作为墙片制作过程中的检查口，检查墙片在制作(砌筑)时是否落入、粘结了多余的砂浆，这些砂浆是对结构承载力有害的，同时也会影响混凝土的灌注。该检查口同时可以检查钢筋的布置数量、位置。在灌注墙体的混凝土之前，需要将这些开口封堵，并保证封堵的可靠，以免灌注混凝土时造成混凝土漏出。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本实用新型的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明。所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本实用新型的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本实用新型，还可以是上述各个实施方式记载的特征的合理组合，凡在本实用新型精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，包括一号砌块(1)、二号砌块(2)、三号砌块(3)和四号砌块(4)；
    所述一号砌块(1)由四周的壁围成上下贯通的空心砌块，其中一个壁的顶部中间设置有凹槽；
    所述二号砌块(2)由两侧的壁和前后的肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，所述前后的肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，所述两侧的壁向同一方向延伸出肋的部分的高度低于未延伸出的部分；
    所述三号砌块(3)由两侧的壁和前中后三条肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，中间的肋将砌块分成两个空间，其中前中两条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽，中后两条肋所在的空间两侧的壁的顶部中间开有相同的凹槽；
    所述四号砌块(4)由两侧的壁和前中后三条肋围成上下贯通的空心砌块，中间的肋将砌块分成两个空间，所述前中后三条肋的顶部中间位置开有相同的凹槽；
    所述一号砌块(1)、二号砌块(2)、三号砌块(3)和四号砌块(4)采用错缝砌筑，位于上方砌块的中肋对应下方砌块的两个边肋，上方砌块的两个边肋对应下方砌块的中肋，两个相邻砌块之间有10mm宽的灰缝，砌块中肋的宽度等于两个边肋宽度+灰缝宽度，以便获得大的对孔率；
    所述一号砌块(1)、二号砌块(2)、三号砌块(3)和四号砌块(4)在砌筑时凹槽会形成开口，所述开口用作检查墙片在砌筑时是否落入、粘结了多余砂浆，或者用作检查钢筋的布置数量、位置，在灌注墙体的混凝土之前，将这些开口封堵，以免灌注混凝土时造成混凝土漏出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，所述一号砌块(1)长为190mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，所述二号砌块(2)长为290mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，所述三号砌块(3)长为390mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，所述四号砌块(4)长为390mm，宽为190mm，高为190mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，所述一号砌块(1)、二号砌块(2)、三号砌块(3)和四号砌块(4)的壁厚为28mm-32mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组，其特征在于，所述一号砌块(1)、二号砌块(2)、三号砌块(3)和四号砌块(4)的咬槎砌筑对孔率≥90％。
PCT/CN2019/127390 2019-12-05 2019-12-23 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组 WO2021109281A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201922158057.5 2019-12-05
CN201911234256.8A CN110847477A (zh) 2019-12-05 2019-12-05 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组
CN201911234256.8 2019-12-05
CN201922158057.5U CN211548336U (zh) 2019-12-05 2019-12-05 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021109281A1 true WO2021109281A1 (zh) 2021-06-10

Family

ID=76221092

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/127390 WO2021109281A1 (zh) 2019-12-05 2019-12-23 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2021109281A1 (zh)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1049040A (zh) * 1990-03-13 1991-02-06 唐珉颂 榫槽联锁异形空心砌块及其应用
WO2007065961A1 (es) * 2005-09-22 2007-06-14 Cerámica Malpesa, S.A. Conjunto de piezas de construcción que componen un sistema de doble hoja y doble trabado para la ejecución de paredes
CN202194295U (zh) * 2011-08-24 2012-04-18 中国建筑设计研究院 装配式砌块及装配式砌块建筑体系
CN103362242A (zh) * 2012-03-31 2013-10-23 黑龙江建工建筑设计研究院有限公司 配筋砌块砌体专用混凝土小型空心砌块系梁块组
CN203891251U (zh) * 2014-03-19 2014-10-22 株洲博尔曼科技发展有限公司 一种单排孔自保温配筋砌块砌体剪力墙体系
CN104453063A (zh) * 2014-06-18 2015-03-25 段炼山 一种空心砌块
CN104712095A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-06-17 山东建筑大学 一种装配式砌块、装配式砌块墙体及墙体的施工方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1049040A (zh) * 1990-03-13 1991-02-06 唐珉颂 榫槽联锁异形空心砌块及其应用
WO2007065961A1 (es) * 2005-09-22 2007-06-14 Cerámica Malpesa, S.A. Conjunto de piezas de construcción que componen un sistema de doble hoja y doble trabado para la ejecución de paredes
CN202194295U (zh) * 2011-08-24 2012-04-18 中国建筑设计研究院 装配式砌块及装配式砌块建筑体系
CN103362242A (zh) * 2012-03-31 2013-10-23 黑龙江建工建筑设计研究院有限公司 配筋砌块砌体专用混凝土小型空心砌块系梁块组
CN203891251U (zh) * 2014-03-19 2014-10-22 株洲博尔曼科技发展有限公司 一种单排孔自保温配筋砌块砌体剪力墙体系
CN104453063A (zh) * 2014-06-18 2015-03-25 段炼山 一种空心砌块
CN104712095A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-06-17 山东建筑大学 一种装配式砌块、装配式砌块墙体及墙体的施工方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103924711B (zh) 装配式网格剪力墙结构体系的施工工艺
CN105971159B (zh) 一种3d打印配筋砌体剪力墙中的砌体外壳结构
CN108951869A (zh) 一种低层全装配式混凝土剪力墙结构体系
CN108951870A (zh) 一种低层全装配式混凝土剪力墙结构体系的建造方法
CN107401217B (zh) 一种无梁空心楼板-腔钢管混凝土剪力墙组合结构体系及方法
CN209907608U (zh) 装配式剪力墙连接节点
CN104847039A (zh) 一种带抗剪键的补强型装配式剪力墙结构
CN203821591U (zh) 钢框架-配筋砌体剪力墙组合结构
CN112127356A (zh) 一种干式连接的装配式格栅地下连续墙
CN207988212U (zh) 一种带有w形接缝的预制剪力墙水平连接结构
CN203684457U (zh) 一种轻型装配式剪力墙结构
WO2021109281A1 (zh) 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组
CN204662715U (zh) 一种带抗剪键的补强型装配式剪力墙结构
CN211548336U (zh) 装配式配筋砌块砌体墙结构专用混凝土空心砌块产品组
CN208533577U (zh) 一种超长混凝土结构温度应力释放沟
CN203891301U (zh) 两层四块相邻砌块的连接结构及其配筋砌体
CN2934421Y (zh) 由混凝土空心墙板构成的墙体
CN103243913B (zh) 装配式剪力墙建筑上下层连接处灌浆层的封堵方法
CN217150848U (zh) 一种预制抗火混凝土叠合楼板
CN108018972A (zh) 全预制楼板与叠合楼板组合结构、制作及装配方法
CN108343234A (zh) 可作为空心砌块砌体现浇圈梁模板的改性模块及其应用
CN107761759A (zh) 一种l型混凝土挡墙
CN211446944U (zh) 深基坑地下结构的内衬结构
CN103526877B (zh) 一种预制混凝土构件
CN203684498U (zh) 一种建筑砌块

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19955069

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19955069

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19955069

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205 DATED 16.01.2023)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19955069

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1