WO2012060047A1 - 回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置 - Google Patents
回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012060047A1 WO2012060047A1 PCT/JP2011/005187 JP2011005187W WO2012060047A1 WO 2012060047 A1 WO2012060047 A1 WO 2012060047A1 JP 2011005187 W JP2011005187 W JP 2011005187W WO 2012060047 A1 WO2012060047 A1 WO 2012060047A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- cleaning
- rotating drum
- drum
- cylindrical body
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/041—Cleaning travelling work
- B08B3/042—Cleaning travelling work the loose articles or bulk material travelling gradually through a drum or other container, e.g. by helix or gravity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
Definitions
- a workpiece such as a metal processed product, a plastic molded product, an inorganic processed product such as ceramic, or a rubber product is placed in a rotating drum having a spiral workpiece feed fin formed along the inner peripheral surface, and rotated.
- the present invention relates to a rotary drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus that performs cleaning by spraying a cleaning liquid while conveying a workpiece by a workpiece feed fin in a rotating drum.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose cleaning apparatuses that clean a workpiece using a rotating drum.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a cleaning device that can reliably clean a workpiece without damaging it.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a cleaning apparatus that efficiently cleans a workpiece by causing the cleaning liquid to overflow in the direction opposite to the workpiece feeding direction by changing the height of the workpiece feeding fin.
- the workpiece positioned between adjacent workpiece feed fins in the lower part of the inner peripheral surface of the horizontally placed rotary drum is moved by the workpiece feed fin as the rotary drum rotates. It is sent out in the axial direction.
- the rotating drum is a metal cylinder
- the cleaning liquid is accumulated between adjacent work feed fins, and the work is fed in a state where the work is immersed in the cleaning liquid. Therefore, the workpiece is immersed and washed while being conveyed.
- the rotating drum is a cylinder made of a porous plate such as a punching metal
- the cleaning liquid does not accumulate between the work feed fins, so that the work is fed by the work feed fins while sprayed with the cleaning liquid. Therefore, the work is shower-washed while being conveyed.
- immersion cleaning, shower cleaning, and running water cleaning are performed simultaneously or continuously with respect to the workpiece conveyed by the spiral workpiece feed fin as the rotating drum rotates. If it is possible, the cleaning efficiency of the workpiece can be increased, which is desirable.
- the problem of the present invention is that it is possible to repeatedly perform immersion cleaning, shower cleaning, and running water cleaning with the rotation of the rotating drum without significantly changing the structure of the rotating drum.
- the object is to propose a rotary drum type workpiece cleaning device.
- a rotary drum type workpiece cleaning device includes: The horizontal rotary drum is rotated about its central axis, and the workpiece fed into the rotary drum by the workpiece feed fin formed spirally along the inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum is moved to the lower side of the rotary drum.
- the workpiece is fed in the direction of the central axis along the inner peripheral surface portion located at the position, and the workpiece is washed by spraying a cleaning liquid toward the workpiece fed by the workpiece feeding fin,
- At least a part of the cylindrical drum portion of the rotating drum is a first cylindrical drum portion that performs immersion cleaning, running water cleaning, and shower cleaning on the workpiece while the rotating drum rotates once.
- drum is the liquid non-passing part formed from the board
- the rotating drum type work cleaning apparatus of the present invention when a work is put into the rotating drum and the rotating drum is rotated, the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the rotating drum positioned on the lower side of the cylindrical drum portion is spirally formed. Are conveyed in a direction along the central axis of the rotary drum. In the rotating drum, the cleaning liquid is sprayed toward the workpiece. That is, it sprays toward the lower inner peripheral surface portion where the work is located on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum.
- the lower inner peripheral surface portion is alternately switched to a liquid non-passing portion and a liquid passing portion as the rotating drum rotates.
- the cleaning liquid is accumulated between the adjacent feed fin portions in the work feed fin. Therefore, since the workpiece is transported while being immersed in the cleaning liquid, the cleaning mode of the workpiece is mainly immersion cleaning.
- the cleaning liquid flows downward from the rotary drum through this liquid passage portion, so that the work feed fin is adjacent to the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the rotary drum. Cleaning liquid does not collect between the feed fins. As a result, the cleaning liquid is directly sprayed onto the workpiece conveyed by the workpiece feed fin, and the cleaning mode of the workpiece is mainly shower cleaning.
- the cleaning liquid accumulated between the adjacent feeding fin portions of the work feeding fin is the liquid passing portion. Gradually flows down from. Therefore, with the rotation of the rotating drum, the workpiece cleaning mode shifts from immersion cleaning to running water cleaning to shower cleaning.
- the cleaning mode of the workpiece to be conveyed is sequentially immersion cleaning, running water cleaning, and shower cleaning.
- the first rotation angle range including the rotation angle position where the liquid non-passing portion is located directly below the central axis of the rotary drum the workpiece is immersed in the cleaning liquid accumulated between the adjacent feed fin portions in the workpiece feed fin, so that the immersion cleaning is performed. Is done.
- shower cleaning is performed in which the cleaning liquid is sprayed directly onto the workpiece.
- the workpiece In a rotation angle range other than the first rotation angle range and the second rotation angle range, the workpiece is washed with running water with the cleaning liquid flowing from the liquid non-passing portion toward the liquid passing portion. Therefore, since the workpiece can be cleaned with a different cleaning mode for each rotation of the rotating drum, the workpiece cleaning effect can be enhanced. In addition, since the rotating drum only needs to form the liquid passing portion and the liquid non-passing portion along the circumferential direction, it is possible to realize workpiece cleaning by three different cleaning modes without making a major change to the rotating drum. .
- the rotating drum In the swing rotation mode, the rotating drum is repeatedly rotated in the first direction, and the rotating drum is repeatedly rotated in the first direction and the opposite second direction within a predetermined angle range within one rotation during each rotation.
- the rotary drum is repeatedly rotated in the first direction and the second direction in a rotation angle range in which immersion cleaning is performed on the rotary drum.
- the work placed on the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the rotating drum repeatedly swings in the first direction and the second direction along the lower inner peripheral surface portion. Since the posture of the workpiece is changed by the swinging and the cleaning liquid is distributed to each part of the workpiece, the workpiece can be cleaned efficiently.
- the cleaning liquid cannot be sprayed into the concave portion of the workpiece, but by swinging and reversing the workpiece, Cleaning can be performed by spraying the cleaning liquid directly into the concave portion of the workpiece.
- a workpiece lifting member for temporarily lifting the workpiece fed by the workpiece feeding fin from the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum. That is, the workpiece flip-up member may be arranged in a state of being spanned between adjacent feed fin portions adjacent to each other in the direction of the central axis of the workpiece feed fin.
- the workpiece fed by the workpiece feeding fin on the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the rotating drum bounces up against the workpiece flip-up member arranged on the way, and its posture changes. Therefore, the cleaning liquid can be spread over each part of the workpiece, and the cleaning effect can be enhanced.
- a plurality of rotary drums are connected in tandem, and each process such as cleaning and rinsing is performed on the workpiece. It is convenient if a single rotating drum can be divided into two parts in the direction of its central axis and the workpiece can be processed using different liquids (for example, cleaning liquid and rinsing liquid).
- the length of the feed fin portion extending over one or more turns disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical body portion of the work feed fin is higher than that of the other feed fin portions. What is necessary is just to set it as the feed fin part for a partition.
- the inside of the rotary drum is partitioned forward and backward in the direction of the central axis by the high-partition feeding fin portion.
- the workpiece can be washed with the cleaning liquid in the front portion of the rotating drum, and the workpiece can be rinsed with the rinse liquid in the rear portion. It is possible to prevent the cleaning liquid from flowing into the work rinse portion on the rear side due to the partition feed fin having a high length. Further, since the liquid passage portion is formed in the first cylindrical body portion, the cleaning liquid flows down out of the rotating drum through the liquid passage portion. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the cleaning liquid from flowing into the rear work rinse portion.
- the cylindrical drum portion of the rotating drum can be formed entirely from the first cylindrical drum portion, but the second cylindrical shape made of the first cylindrical drum portion and a porous plate material through which the cleaning liquid is passed. It can also be set as the structure provided with at least one of the trunk
- the cleaning mode of the work transported through the second cylindrical body is shower cleaning, and the cleaning mode of the work transported through the third cylindrical body is immersion cleaning.
- the third cylindrical body, the second cylindrical body, and the first cylindrical body are formed in this order along the workpiece feeding direction by the workpiece feeding fin accompanying the rotation of the rotating drum. It can be.
- the workpiece to be cleaned which has been put into the rotating drum, is first shower-washed while passing through the third cylindrical body, and the adhering relatively large foreign matter is washed away by the cleaning water.
- the washed-out foreign matter flows down from the rotating drum together with the cleaning liquid.
- the workpiece is immersed and washed while passing through the second cylindrical body, and the cleaning liquid comes into contact with the entire workpiece surface to wash away foreign matters.
- the workpiece is subjected to immersion cleaning, running water cleaning and shower cleaning each time the rotary drum rotates while passing through the first cylindrical body. Since the workpiece is exposed to a new cleaning liquid every time it is rotated and cleaned in a different cleaning mode, it is possible to perform a final cleaning in which fine foreign matters are reliably washed away.
- the rotary drum type workpiece cleaning device is: The horizontal rotary drum is rotated about its central axis, and the workpiece fed into the rotary drum by the workpiece feed fin formed spirally along the inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum is moved to the lower side of the rotary drum. Is sent in the direction of the central axis along the inner peripheral surface portion, and the workpiece is washed by spraying a cleaning liquid toward the workpiece sent out by the workpiece feed fin, At least a part of the cylindrical drum portion of the rotating drum is a first cylindrical drum portion that performs immersion cleaning, running water cleaning, and shower cleaning on the workpiece while the rotating drum rotates once.
- drum is the liquid non-passing part formed from the board
- One end of the rotating drum is opened as a loading / unloading port for loading and unloading the workpiece, and the other end is a sealed end
- the rotating drum is rotated in the first direction in an inclined posture where the charging / discharging port of the rotating drum is higher than the sealed end, and the cleaning liquid is sprayed onto the workpiece while feeding the workpiece toward the sealed end.
- Rotating the rotating drum in the second direction opposite to the first direction with the workpiece feeding cleaning operation and the inclined posture in which the charging / discharging port of the rotating drum is lower than the blocking end the workpiece is moved from the blocking end to the charging / discharging port. It is characterized by being alternately performed with a work delivery cleaning operation in which a cleaning liquid is sprayed onto the work while being sent out.
- the tilt angle of the rotating drum can be switched by the drum tilting mechanism so that the inlet / outlet port is positioned higher and lower than the opposite closed end.
- Light-weight rubber and plastic ring-shaped workpieces such as O-rings and seal rings are easy to stick to the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum and roll along the inner peripheral surface. May not be performed efficiently.
- the conveying direction is lowered by switching the tilt angle of the rotating drum, the workpiece can be conveyed efficiently.
- the cylindrical drum portion of the rotating drum includes a second cylindrical drum portion and a third cylindrical drum portion
- the second cylindrical body is a part that performs immersion cleaning formed from a plate material that does not allow liquid to pass through
- the third cylindrical body is a part that performs shower cleaning formed from a porous plate through which liquid passes, From the charging / discharging port side, the third cylindrical body, the first cylindrical body, and the second cylindrical body are formed in this order,
- the front end of the third cylindrical body is an input / output port,
- the rear end of the second cylindrical body is a blocked end.
- the workpiece In the feeding process in which the work thrown into the charging / discharging port of the rotating drum having this structure is fed toward the closed end of the rotating drum, the workpiece is shower-washed while passing through the third cylindrical body, and the first cylindrical body While passing through the section, immersion cleaning, running water cleaning, and shower cleaning are performed every rotation, and immersion cleaning is performed while passing through the second cylindrical body.
- the workpiece is washed in the delivery process in which the workpiece is returned from the closed end of the rotating drum to the loading / unloading port, it is dipped and washed, then dipped, washed with water and shower washed every rotation, and finally washed with shower. .
- the workpiece can be efficiently cleaned by performing the cleaning in a different cleaning mode in the workpiece feeding direction.
- the cylindrical body portion of the rotating drum can be composed of a metal mesh cylinder and a metal plate attached so as to cover a part of the outer peripheral surface of the metal mesh cylinder. That is, the first cylindrical body is partially covered with an arc-shaped metal plate in the circumferential direction of the metal mesh cylinder, the third cylindrical body is defined by the metal mesh cylinder, and the second cylindrical body.
- the body portion may be configured such that the entire outer peripheral surface of the metal mesh cylinder is covered with a cylindrical metal plate. Since the entire inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum is defined by a metal mesh cylinder, it is possible to prevent a work piece such as a light rubber ring from sticking to the inner peripheral surface, and to carry the work reliably. Can do.
- a liquid passage portion may be formed by providing a large number of holes in a necessary portion of a cylinder made of a metal plate.
- the punching metal work feed fin that is at least one turn from the opening edge of the loading / unloading port of the work feed fin is made higher than the other parts, and the side of the punching metal work feed fin on the loading / unloading port side Projections are provided at predetermined intervals along the punching metal work feed fin on the surface of the inner surface of the cylindrical body or on the side of the loading / unloading port from the punching metal work feed fin on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. It is desirable.
- the workpiece When discharging the washed workpiece from the loading / unloading port, the workpiece may roll along the inner peripheral surface portion of the opening edge of the loading / unloading port of the rotating drum and may not be discharged.
- the workpiece that rolls along the inner peripheral surface collides with the protrusion, and is reliably sent out of the rotary drum from the charging / discharging port.
- the rotating drum is provided with a first cylindrical body portion in which a liquid passing portion through which the cleaning liquid passes along a circumferential direction and a liquid non-passing portion through which the cleaning liquid does not pass are formed. ing. Therefore, the workpiece cleaning mode is switched to immersion cleaning, running water cleaning, and shower cleaning each time the rotary drum rotates. Since the workpiece is repeatedly cleaned in different cleaning modes, the cleaning effect of the rotary drum type workpiece cleaning device can be enhanced. In addition, since it is not necessary to change the rotating drum significantly, a rotating drum type work cleaning device having a high cleaning effect can be constructed at a low cost.
- FIG. 1 The side view which shows the principal part of the rotary drum type workpiece
- FIG. 5 is an external perspective view showing a state in which the front cover of the rotary drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus in FIG. 4 is opened, and an external perspective view showing a state in which the upper cover is removed.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a rotating drum and its driving mechanism in the rotating drum type work cleaning apparatus of FIG. 4, a side view thereof, a front view showing a work loading / unloading port of the rotating drum, and a rear view showing a closed end of the rotating drum.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a rotary drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus according to Embodiment 1, wherein FIG. 1A is a side view thereof, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing a portion cut along line bb, and FIG. Is a transverse sectional view showing a portion cut along a line cc, and (d) is a longitudinal sectional view thereof.
- the rotary drum-type workpiece cleaning device 1 is a multi-tank type in-line cleaning device for cleaning a workpiece w such as a metal workpiece manufactured by press processing or the like as an object to be cleaned, and is mounted on the device rack 2.
- a rotating drum unit 3 is provided.
- the rotary drum unit 3 is a horizontal rotary drum unit having a configuration in which a rotary drum 4 for washing, a rotary drum 5 for rinsing and a rotary drum for drying (not shown) are connected in tandem to a rotary drum 4 for cleaning. It is arranged to be horizontal.
- the rotating drum 4 for cleaning has a cylindrical body 6, and the opening at the front end of the cylindrical body 6 is a work input port 7A, and the rear end opening is a work discharge port 7B.
- a work discharge port 7B of the cylindrical body 6 is connected to a rotary drum 5 for rinsing.
- Work feed fins 8 that are spirally arranged at a constant pitch in the direction of the central axis 4 a are attached to the circular inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6.
- the work feed fin 8 is a fin having a predetermined height that stands up at a right angle from the circular inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6.
- a workpiece lifting member 50 for temporarily lifting the workpiece w fed by the workpiece feeding fin 8 from the circular inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum 4 is arranged.
- the workpiece flip-up member 50 is bridged between adjacent feed fin portions 8a and 8b adjacent to each other in the direction of the central axis 4a of the rotary drum in the workpiece feed fin 8. You may form the workpiece flip-up part which raised the circular inner peripheral surface part of the rotating drum 4 so that it might be spanned between the adjacent feed fin parts 8a and 8b.
- the workpiece flip-up member 50 in this example is a rod-like member having an elongated circular cross section, and is disposed along the workpiece feed fin 8 at a predetermined interval, for example. It is also possible to use a member having a shape and structure other than the rod-shaped member.
- An annular driven gear 9 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6 on the work discharge port 7B side.
- the driven gear 9 is engaged with a drive gear 11 fixed to the tip of a rotary shaft 10a of a rotary actuator 10 (drum rotating mechanism) composed of a motor and a speed reducer.
- An annular rib 12 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6 on the side of the workpiece insertion port 7A, and this rib 12 is supported by a pair of left and right support rollers 13.
- a cleaning liquid supply pipe 14 is disposed inside the rotary drum 4 so as to extend in parallel to the central axis 4a.
- the cleaning liquid supply pipe 14 has cleaning liquid blowing nozzles 15 at regular intervals along the length direction thereof. It is attached.
- the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15 is set to blow the cleaning liquid obliquely downward.
- the cylindrical drum portion 6 of the rotary drum 4 is coaxial with the first cylindrical drum portion 21 and the front end (end on the workpiece input port 7A side) and rear end (end on the workpiece discharge port 7B side).
- a front second cylindrical body 22A and a rear second cylindrical body 22B are provided. Further, the cylindrical body 6 is formed at the front end of the front second cylindrical body 22A in a coaxial state with the front third cylindrical body 23A and at the rear end of the rear second cylindrical body 22A. And a rear third cylindrical body portion 23B formed in a coaxial state.
- the first cylindrical body portion 21 includes a liquid non-passing portion 21a made of a metal plate that does not allow the cleaning liquid to pass through and a punching metal that allows the cleaning liquid to pass therethrough when viewed along the circumferential direction. And a liquid passage portion 21b made of (porous plate material).
- the liquid non-passing portion 21a is an arc portion having a constant width extending at an angle of 270 degrees in the circumferential direction
- the liquid passing portion 21b is an arc portion having a constant width extending an angle of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction.
- Each of the front second cylindrical body 22A and the rear end second cylindrical body 22B is a liquid impervious cylindrical body formed of a metal plate as a whole.
- Each of the front third cylindrical body 23A and the rear third cylindrical body 23B is a liquid-permeable cylindrical body formed of a punching metal as a whole.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a workpiece cleaning operation by the rotary drum 4 for cleaning.
- the rotary actuator 10 is driven to rotate the rotary drum 4 and the cleaning liquid is blown out from the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15.
- the workpiece w to be cleaned is fed from the workpiece loading port 7A of the rotary drum 4.
- the work w put into the rotating drum 4 is a lower inner peripheral surface portion located on the lower side of the circular inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 6 of the rotating drum 4 by a spiral work feed fin 8. It is conveyed in a direction along the central axis 4 a of the rotating drum 4.
- the cleaning liquid blown from the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15 is sprayed toward the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the cylindrical body 6 and flows down toward the lowest position of the lower inner peripheral surface portion.
- the workpiece w is held in a portion slightly offset in the rotating direction of the rotating drum 4 from the lowest position in the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the cylindrical body portion 6 of the rotating drum 4. Accordingly, the cleaning liquid blowing direction of the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15 as a whole is set to a direction slightly inclined in the rotation direction of the rotary drum 4 with respect to the vertical direction.
- the cleaning liquid does not collect on the lower inner peripheral surface portion and flows down. Accordingly, the cleaning liquid is sprayed directly onto the workpiece w conveyed by the workpiece feeding fin 8, and the adhering foreign matter is washed away by the cleaning liquid and falls downward together with the cleaning liquid.
- the front second cylindrical body 22A connected to the rear side of the front third cylindrical body 23A is a cylindrical body formed of a metal plate, and the blown cleaning liquid is discharged from the second front cylindrical body.
- the workpiece w is accumulated between the adjacent feeding fins of the workpiece feeding fin 8, and the workpiece w is conveyed in a state immersed in the accumulated cleaning liquid. Therefore, the cleaning mode of the workpiece while being transported through the front second cylindrical body 22A is mainly immersion cleaning.
- the first cylindrical body portion 21 that is continuous to the rear side of the front second cylindrical body portion 22A is a liquid non-passing portion 21a in which a 3/4 portion in the circumferential direction is made of a metal plate, The remaining 1 ⁇ 4 portion is a liquid passage portion 21b made of punching metal. Therefore, as the rotating drum 4 rotates, the lower inner peripheral surface portion is alternately switched to the liquid non-passing portion 21a and the liquid passing portion 21b.
- the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15 blows out between the portions 8a and 8b of the adjacent work feed fins 8.
- the cleaning liquid 25 collected. Accordingly, since the workpiece w is conveyed in a state immersed in the cleaning liquid 25, the cleaning mode of the workpiece is mainly immersion cleaning.
- the cleaning liquid 25 flows down through the liquid passage portion 21b, and the bottom of the rotating drum 4 Cleaning liquid does not collect on the side part. Since the cleaning liquid 25 blown out from the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15 is sprayed onto the workpiece w conveyed by the workpiece feed fin 8, the cleaning mode of the workpiece w is mainly shower cleaning. Further, when the cleaning liquid sprayed from the cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 15 is sprayed onto the work conveyed while being superimposed on the liquid passage portion 21b, the lower work passes through a narrow gap between the upper work. Is then sprayed at a high pressure, and then passes through the liquid passage portion 21b. Therefore, even when the work is on the liquid passage portion 21b, the cleaning liquid is surely sprayed to the lower work, and shower cleaning of each work is reliably performed.
- the rotating drum 4 for cleaning is accompanied by the immersion cleaning of the workpiece shown in FIGS. 2 (a1) and 2 (b1), the cleaning of the workpiece shown in FIGS. 2 (a2) and 2 (b2) with the rotation, FIG.
- the workpiece w is conveyed toward the rear end side while performing the workpiece shower cleaning shown in (a3) and (b3) and the running water cleaning shown in FIGS. 2 (a4) and (b4).
- the second rotation angle range including the rotation angle position in which the work is immersed and immersion cleaning is performed, and the liquid passage portion 21b is located directly below the central axis 4a of the rotary drum 4 the cleaning liquid is sprayed directly on the work w.
- the workpiece is washed with running water with the cleaning liquid flowing from the liquid non-passing portion toward the liquid passing portion.
- both cleaning modes coexist at the time of switching to each cleaning mode.
- the workpiece w is dipped and washed while passing through the rear second cylindrical barrel 22B, and shower washed again while passing through the next rear third cylindrical barrel 23B.
- the workpiece w after being cleaned with the cleaning liquid in this way is sent to the rotary drum 5 for the next-stage rinse cleaning, and the workpiece w is rinsed.
- the workpiece w to be conveyed is immersed and washed with running water every time the first cylindrical body portion 21 of the rotary drum rotates.
- the shower cleaning is repeated in this order. Therefore, the work cleaning efficiency by the rotating drum 4 for cleaning can be increased.
- the rotating drum 4 Since the rotating drum 4 only needs to form the liquid non-passing portion 21a and the liquid passing portion 21b along the circumferential direction, the workpiece is cleaned by three different cleaning modes without making a major change to the rotating drum 4. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the rotating drum 4 hardly increases.
- the work w is shower-washed in the front third cylindrical body portion 23A, and in the front second cylindrical body portion 22A. Dipping and cleaning, immersion cleaning, running water cleaning and shower cleaning for each rotation as described above in the first cylindrical body 21 and immersion cleaning in the rear second cylindrical body 22B, and rear third cylindrical body shower cleaning is performed in the section 23B. Therefore, the cleaning effect of the workpiece w by the rotating drum 4 can be enhanced.
- a workpiece flip-up member 50 is disposed in the middle of the workpiece feed fin 8.
- the workpiece w fed out by the workpiece feed fins 8 hits the workpiece flip-up member 50, temporarily jumps up from the circular inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 4, and its posture changes.
- the cleaning liquid can be reliably brought into contact with the entire surface of the workpiece w, and foreign matter can be reliably washed away even with a workpiece having a recess, a groove, or the like.
- the rotating drum 4 in order to further enhance the work washing effect by the rotating drum 4, it is desirable to rotate the rotating drum 4 in a swinging manner.
- the rotating drum 4 In the rocking rotation, the rotating drum 4 is repeatedly rotated in the first direction 51, and the rotating drum 4 is rotated within the predetermined angle range ⁇ within one rotation between the first direction 51 and the opposite second direction during each rotation. 52 is repeatedly rotated.
- the first direction 51 is set between the rotating position illustrated in FIG. 3A and the rotating position illustrated in FIG. And it is repeatedly rotated in the second direction 52.
- the workpiece w placed on the lower inner peripheral surface portion of the rotating drum 4 is repeatedly swung in the first direction 51 and the second direction 52 along the lower inner peripheral surface portion. Since the posture of the workpiece w is changed by the swinging and the cleaning liquid is distributed to each part of the workpiece w, the workpiece can be efficiently cleaned. For example, when there are a large number of overlapping states, these works can be swung and separated, and each work can be reliably washed with the cleaning liquid.
- a plurality of rotating drums 4, 5, etc. are connected in tandem, and each process such as cleaning and rinsing is performed on the workpiece.
- a single rotating drum can be bisected back and forth in the direction of its central axis, and workpieces can be treated with different liquids (eg, cleaning and rinsing liquids).
- the feed fin portion extending over one or more turns arranged along the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical body portion 21 in the workpiece feed fin 8 is divided into a partition having a height higher than that of the other feed fin portions.
- the feed fin part can be used.
- the inside of the rotary drum 4 is partitioned forward and backward in the direction of the central axis 4a by the high-partition feed fin portion. It is possible to clean the workpiece with the cleaning liquid at the front portion of the rotating drum 4 and rinse the workpiece with the rinse liquid at the rear portion. It is possible to prevent the cleaning liquid from flowing into the rear portion by the partition feed fin having a high length. Moreover, since the liquid passage part 21b is formed in the 1st cylindrical trunk
- FIG. 4 is an external perspective view showing a rotary drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 5A is an external perspective view showing a state where the front cover of the rotary drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus is opened
- FIG. 5B is an external perspective view showing a state where the upper cover is removed.
- the rotary drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus 100 is suitable for cleaning lightweight and flexible workpieces such as O-rings and seal rings.
- the rotary drum-type workpiece cleaning apparatus 100 includes a rectangular frame-shaped apparatus base 101, a cleaning liquid tank 102 is mounted on the lower side of the front part of the apparatus base 101, and the rotary drum mounting unit 103 is positioned on the upper side thereof. Is attached, and the rotating drum 104 is mounted here.
- the rotating drum 104 is covered with a front cover 105 and front and rear upper covers 106 and 107. As shown in FIG. 5A, the front cover 105 can be opened forward with the lower end as a center, and can be removed from the rotating drum mounting portion 103.
- a work loading portion 105 a is formed on the upper end surface of the front cover 105, and a chute 105 b that guides the loaded workpiece to the rotary drum 104 is attached inside.
- the upper covers 106 and 107 can be removed from the rotating drum mounting portion 103 as shown in FIG.
- a work discharge port 103a through which the cleaned work falls is opened at the front end of the rotary drum mounting part 103.
- the rear part of the apparatus base 101 is equipped with a pump 108 for circulating the cleaning liquid on the lower side, and a hot air generator 109 for drying the work is installed on the upper side.
- a control panel 110 is mounted on the left side of the hot air generator 109.
- the control panel 110 performs drive control of the rotary drum-type workpiece cleaning device 100.
- an operation button 111, a display screen 112, A warning lamp 113 and the like are arranged.
- FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing the rotating drum 104 mounted on the rotating drum mounting portion 103 and its drive mechanism
- FIG. 6B is a side view thereof.
- 6 (c) is a front view showing a work loading / unloading port of the rotary drum 104
- FIG. 6 (d) is a rear view showing a closed end of the rotary drum 104.
- the rotary drum 104 includes a cylindrical body 121, a workpiece loading / unloading port 122 formed at the front end thereof, and a blocking end 123 blocking the rear end thereof. Yes.
- a hollow drum rotating shaft 124 extending coaxially rearward is fixed to the central portion of the closed end 123, and a disc-shaped rotating portion cover 125 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the closed end 123.
- the rotating drum 104 is supported by a drum tilting mechanism 130 disposed on the rotating drum mounting portion 103.
- the drum tilting mechanism 130 includes a rectangular frame-shaped drum holding frame 131.
- the drum holding frame 131 can swing up and down around a support shaft 132 extending in the apparatus width direction at a middle position in the front-rear direction.
- the posture can be switched by a driving source such as an air cylinder (not shown).
- a pair of left and right drum support rollers 133L and 133R are attached to the front end portion (end portion on the front side of the apparatus) of the drum holding frame 131 in a rotatable state.
- An annular rib 134 fixed to the outer peripheral surface portion of the rotary drum 104 on the side of the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 is supported by the drum support rollers 133L and 133R.
- a drum support frame 135 extending upward is attached to the rear end portion of the drum holding frame 131.
- a hollow bearing portion 136 is fixed to the upper end portion of the drum support frame 135 in a forward direction. This bearing portion 136 is inserted into the drum rotating shaft 124 from the rear side in a rotatable state, and supports the drum rotating shaft 124 in a rotatable state.
- the rotary drum 104 is supported on the front side in a rotatable state by the pair of left and right drum support rollers 133L, 133R, and supported at the rear end in a rotatable state by the bearing portion 136. Further, by rotating the drum holding frame 131 of the drum tilting mechanism 130 up and down around the support shaft 132, the rotating drum 104 can be set in a predetermined tilting posture. In this example, as will be described later (see FIG. 7), it is possible to switch between an inclined posture in which the workpiece loading / unloading port side is up and an inclined posture in which the workpiece loading / unloading port side is down.
- the drum tilting mechanism 130 is equipped with a drum rotating mechanism 140 for driving the rotating drum 104 around its central axis 104A.
- the drum rotation mechanism 140 includes a rotation actuator 141 composed of a motor and a reduction gear, a drive gear 143 fixed to the rotation output shaft 142 of the rotation actuator 141, and an annular driven gear fixed to the outer peripheral surface portion of the drum rotation shaft 124. 144.
- the rotary actuator 141 is driven, the rotary drum 104 rotates about its central axis 104A.
- work feed fins 151 that are spirally arranged at a constant pitch along the central axis 104A are attached to the circular inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 104.
- the workpiece feed fin 151 extends from the opening edge on the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 side to the sealing end 123 on the rear side on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 121 of the rotary drum 104.
- the cleaning liquid supply pipe 152 extends coaxially in the rotary drum 104 through the inside of the hollow bearing portion 136, and the tip thereof reaches the vicinity of the workpiece input / discharge port 122. ing.
- cleaning liquid blowing nozzles 153 are arranged at regular intervals along the length direction thereof. The cleaning liquid is blown out obliquely downward from each cleaning liquid blowing nozzle 153.
- the cylindrical body 121 of the rotating drum 104 includes a wire mesh cylinder 161 made of a wire mesh having a predetermined mesh, and a cover 162 made of a metal plate that covers a part of the outer peripheral surface of the wire mesh cylinder 161.
- the cover 162 has a narrow cylindrical portion 162a that covers and hides the outer peripheral surface portion of the rear end side of the metal mesh cylinder 161, and extends forward from the front end edge of the cylindrical portion 162a, and the outer peripheral surface portion of the metal mesh cylinder 161.
- a circular arc plate portion 162b covering and covering only half of the circumferential direction.
- a wire mesh cylinder 161 is exposed in a portion having a constant width from the tip of the arc plate portion 162b to the workpiece loading / unloading port 122.
- the portion of the cylindrical body 121 to which the circular arc plate portion 162b is attached has a constant width that is a liquid passage portion 104b in which the half in the circumferential direction is made of a metal mesh and the other half is a liquid non-conductive portion that is made of a metal plate. It is the 1st cylindrical trunk
- the closed end 123 on the rear side of the rotating drum 104 is a disc-shaped end plate 123a made of a wire mesh and a metal covering the substantially semicircular portion of the end plate 123a. It is comprised from the sealing board 123b which consists of a board.
- FIG. 7A is a side view showing the rotating drum 104 in the workpiece feeding state in the rotating drum type workpiece cleaning apparatus 100
- FIG. 7B is a side view showing the rotating drum 104 in the workpiece feeding state.
- the drum tilting mechanism 130 puts the rotary drum 104 into the rotary drum 104 when the workpiece w1 is fed into the rotary drum 104 from the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 and fed to the rear end side.
- the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 is held in an inclined state by an angle ⁇ 1 so that the center of the workpiece charging / discharging port 122 is higher than the center of the blocking end 123. In this state, the rotating drum 104 is rotated while supplying the cleaning liquid, and the work w1 is fed while being cleaned.
- the center of the work charging / discharging port 122 is slightly lower than the center of the closed end 123 of the rotating drum 104 as shown in FIG. It is held in a state where it is inclined by an angle ⁇ 2 in the opposite direction so as to be in the position.
- the workpiece w1 after cleaning is sent out toward the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 by the workpiece feeding fin 151.
- the work w1 fed out can be dried by feeding hot air for drying through the cleaning liquid supply pipe 152.
- the tilt angle of the rotary drum 104 can be switched by the drum tilting mechanism 130 so that the work loading / unloading port 122 is positioned higher and lower than the closed end 123 on the rear side.
- a lightweight rubber or plastic ring-shaped workpiece w1 or the like easily adheres to the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 104 and easily rolls along the inner peripheral surface, so that the workpiece feeding by the work feed fins 151 is performed efficiently. It may not be possible.
- the conveyance direction is lowered by switching the tilt angle of the rotary drum 104, the workpiece can be conveyed efficiently.
- the entire inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 104 is defined by the wire mesh cylinder 161, it is possible to prevent a work such as a light rubber ring from being stuck to the inner peripheral surface, and to transport the work w1. Can be performed reliably.
- At least one part from the opening edge of the work loading / unloading port 122 in the work feed fin 151 is a punched metal work feed fin 151 a that is taller than the other parts. It has become.
- a predetermined portion along the punching metal work feed fin 151a is formed in the corner portion facing the work loading / unloading port 122 defined by the punching metal work feed fin 151a and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 121.
- Protruding pieces 170 are attached at intervals.
- a protruding piece or a protruding portion may be formed on the surface of the workpiece feed fin 151a made of punching metal on the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 side.
- a protruding piece or a protruding portion may be formed on a portion closer to the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 than the punching metal workpiece feeding fin 151 a on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body portion 121.
- the cylindrical drum 121 of the rotary drum 104 has a third cylindrical drum 104 (3) made of a metal mesh cylinder from the workpiece loading / unloading port 122 side, and a wire mesh.
- a first cylindrical body 104 (1) in which a part of the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder is covered with a metal plate, and a second cylindrical body 104 (2) made of a metal cylinder are formed.
- the cleaning mode of the workpiece is shower cleaning in the first third cylindrical body portion 104 (3), and the first cylindrical body portion 104 (1) is immersed as the rotary drum rotates. Cleaning, running water cleaning, and shower cleaning are repeated, and the second cylindrical body 104 (2) is immersion cleaning.
- the workpiece cleaning mode is switched. Therefore, the cleaning effect of the workpiece can be enhanced.
Landscapes
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
横置き式の回転ドラムをその中心軸線回りに回転させ、回転ドラムの内周面に沿って螺旋状に形成されているワーク送りフィンによって回転ドラムに投入されたワークを、当該回転ドラムにおける下側に位置する内周面部分に沿って前記中心軸線の方向に送り出し、ワーク送りフィンによって送り出されるワークに向けて洗浄液を吹き付けてワークを洗浄するものであり、
回転ドラムの筒状胴部のうちの少なくとも一部は、回転ドラムが1回転する間に、ワークに対して浸漬洗浄、流水洗浄およびシャワー洗浄を行う第1筒状胴部であり、
当該第1筒状胴部は、その周方向における所定範囲の周面部分が前記洗浄液を通さない板材から形成された液不通過部分であり、その周方向における残りの周面部分が洗浄液を通過させる多孔質板材から形成された液通過部分であることを特徴としている。
横置き式の回転ドラムをその中心軸線回りに回転させ、回転ドラムの内周面に沿って螺旋状に形成されているワーク送りフィンによって回転ドラムに投入されたワークを、当該回転ドラムにおける下側に位置する内周面部分に沿って前記中心軸線の方向に送り出し、ワーク送りフィンによって送り出されるワークに向けて洗浄液を吹き付けて当該ワークを洗浄するものであり、
回転ドラムの筒状胴部のうちの少なくとも一部は、回転ドラムが1回転する間に、ワークに対して浸漬洗浄、流水洗浄およびシャワー洗浄を行う第1筒状胴部であり、
当該第1筒状胴部は、その周方向における所定範囲の周面部分が洗浄液を通さない板材から形成された液不通過部分であり、その周方向における残りの周面部分が洗浄液を通過させる多孔質板材から形成された液通過部分であり、
回転ドラムの傾斜角度を変更可能なドラム傾斜機構と、
回転ドラムの回転、ドラム傾斜機構による回転ドラムの傾斜角度、および洗浄液の吹き付け動作を制御する制御部とを有しており、
回転ドラムの一方の端はワークの投入および排出を行う投入排出口として開口しており、他方の端は封鎖端となっており、
制御部の制御の下に、回転ドラムの投入排出口が封鎖端よりも高い位置となる傾斜姿勢で回転ドラムを第1方向に回転させてワークを封鎖端に向けて送り込みながらワークに洗浄液を吹き付けるワーク送り込み洗浄動作と、回転ドラムの投入排出口が封鎖端よりも低い位置となる傾斜姿勢で回転ドラムを第1方向とは逆の第2方向に回転させてワークを封鎖端から投入排出口に向けて送り出しながらワークに洗浄液を吹き付けるワーク送り出し洗浄動作とが交互に行われることを特徴としている。
第2筒状胴部は液体を通さない板材から形成された浸漬洗浄を行う部分であり、
第3筒状胴部は液体が通過する多孔質板材から形成されたシャワー洗浄を行う部分であり、
投入排出口の側から、第3筒状胴部、第1筒状胴部および第2筒状胴部が、この順序に形成されており、
第3筒状胴部の前端が投入排出口であり、
第2筒状胴部の後端が封鎖端であることを特徴としている。
図1は実施の形態1に係る回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置を示す図であり、(a)はその側面図、(b)はb-b線で切断した部分を示す横断面図、(c)はc-c線で切断した部分を示す横断面図、(d)はその縦断面図である。回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置1は、被洗浄物として例えばプレス加工等により製造された金属加工部品などのワークwを洗浄するための多槽式インライン洗浄装置であり、装置架台2に搭載されている回転ドラムユニット3を備えている。回転ドラムユニット3は、洗浄用の回転ドラム4に、リンス洗浄用の回転ドラム5および不図示の乾燥用の回転ドラムがタンデムに連結された構成の横置き式の回転ドラムユニットであり、その中心軸線が水平となるように配置されている。
図4は、本発明を適用した実施の形態2に係る回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置を示す外観斜視図である。図5(a)は回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置の前側カバーを開けた状態を示す外観斜視図であり、図5(b)は、その上側カバーを取り外した状態を示す外観斜視図である。回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置100は、例えば、Oリング、シールリングなどの軽量で柔軟なワークの洗浄に適したものである。
Claims (11)
- 横置き式の回転ドラムをその中心軸線回りに回転させ、前記回転ドラムの内周面に沿って螺旋状に形成されているワーク送りフィンによって前記回転ドラムに投入されたワークを、当該回転ドラムにおける下側に位置する内周面部分に沿って前記中心軸線の方向に送り出し、前記ワーク送りフィンによって送り出される前記ワークに向けて洗浄液を吹き付けて当該ワークを洗浄する回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置において、
前記回転ドラムの筒状胴部のうちの少なくとも一部は、前記回転ドラムが1回転する間に、前記ワークに対して浸漬洗浄、流水洗浄およびシャワー洗浄を行う第1筒状胴部であり、
当該第1筒状胴部は、その周方向における所定範囲の周面部分が前記洗浄液を通さない板材から形成された液不通過部分であり、その周方向における残りの周面部分が前記洗浄液を通過させる多孔質板材から形成された液通過部分であることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記回転ドラムを第1方向に繰り返し回転させると共に、各1回転の間に、1回転以内の所定の角度範囲で前記回転ドラムを前記第1方向および逆の第2方向に繰り返し回動させる揺動回転モードにより前記回転ドラムが回転駆動されることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記揺動回転モードでは、前記回転ドラムにおける前記浸漬洗浄が行われる回転角度範囲の状態において、前記回転ドラムを前記第1方向および前記第2方向に繰り返し回動させることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記ワーク送りフィンによって送られるワークを前記回転ドラムの内周面から一時的に跳ね上げるためのワーク跳ね上げ部材を有しており、
当該ワーク跳ね上げ部材は、前記ワーク送りフィンにおける前記中心軸線の方向に隣接している隣接送りフィン部分の間に架け渡されていることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記ワーク送りフィンにおける第1筒状胴部の内周面に沿って配置されている一巻き以上に亘る送りフィン部分は、他の送りフィン部分に比べて丈の高い仕切り用送りフィン部分であることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記回転ドラムの前記筒状胴部は、第2筒状胴部および第3筒状胴部のうちの少なくとも一方を備えており、
前記第2筒状胴部は液体を通さない板材から形成され、前記浸漬洗浄を行う部分であり、
前記第3筒状胴部は液体が通過する多孔質板材から形成され、前記シャワー洗浄を行う部分であることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項6において、
前記回転ドラムの回転に伴う前記ワーク送りフィンによるワーク送り方向に沿って、前記第3筒状胴部、前記第2筒状胴部および前記第1筒状胴部が、この順序で形成されていることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記回転ドラムの傾斜角度を変更可能なドラム傾斜機構と、
前記回転ドラムの回転、前記ドラム傾斜機構による前記回転ドラムの傾斜角度、および前記洗浄液の吹き付け動作を制御する制御部とを有し、
前記回転ドラムの一方の端はワークの投入および排出を行う投入排出口として開口しており、他方の端は封鎖端となっており、
前記制御部の制御の下に、前記回転ドラムを前記投入排出口の側が前記封鎖端の側よりも高い傾斜姿勢で第1方向に回転させて、ワークを前記封鎖端に向けて送り込みながらワークに洗浄液を吹き付けるワーク送り込み洗浄動作と、前記回転ドラムを前記投入排出口の側が前記封鎖端の側よりも低い傾斜姿勢で前記第1方向とは逆の第2方向に回転させてワークを前記封鎖端から前記投入排出口に向けて送り出すワーク送り出し動作とが行われることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記回転ドラムの前記筒状胴部は、第2筒状胴部および第3筒状胴部を備えており、
前記第2筒状胴部は液体を通さない板材から形成され、前記浸漬洗浄を行う部分であり、
前記第3筒状胴部は液体が通過する多孔質板材から形成され、前記シャワー洗浄を行う部分であり、
前記投入排出口の側から、前記第3筒状胴部、前記第1筒状胴部および前記第2筒状胴部が、この順序に形成されており、
前記第3筒状胴部の前端が前記投入排出口であり、
前記第2筒状胴部の後端が前記封鎖端であることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項9において、
前記回転ドラムの筒状胴部は、金網製円筒と、この金網製円筒の外周面を覆う状態に取り付けた金属板とを備え、
前記第1筒状胴部は、金網製円筒における周方向の一部分が円弧状の金属板で覆われており、
前記第2筒状胴部は、金網製円筒の外周面の全体が円筒状の金属板で覆われており、
前記第3筒状胴部は金網製円筒によって規定されていることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。 - 請求項8ないし10のうちのいずれかの項において、
前記ワーク送りフィンにおける前記投入排出口の開口縁から少なくとも一巻分の送りフィン部分は、他の部分よりも丈の高いパンチングメタル製ワーク送りフィンであり、
当該パンチングメタル製ワーク送りフィンにおける前記投入排出口の側の表面、および、前記筒状胴部の内周面における前記投入排出口の側の部分には、パンチングメタル製ワーク送りフィンに沿って所定の間隔で突起片あるいは突起部が配置されていることを特徴とする回転ドラム式ワーク洗浄装置。
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EP11837702.7A EP2636459B1 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-09-14 | Rotating drum type work washing apparatus |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130263898A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
CN103209776A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
EP2636459A4 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
JPWO2012060047A1 (ja) | 2014-05-12 |
EP2636459A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
EP2636459B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
JP5873436B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
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