WO2012058872A1 - 一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012058872A1
WO2012058872A1 PCT/CN2011/070484 CN2011070484W WO2012058872A1 WO 2012058872 A1 WO2012058872 A1 WO 2012058872A1 CN 2011070484 W CN2011070484 W CN 2011070484W WO 2012058872 A1 WO2012058872 A1 WO 2012058872A1
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signal
path
user
receiving end
base station
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PCT/CN2011/070484
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭阳
禹忠
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012058872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012058872A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of smart antenna beamforming technology, and more particularly to a downlink single-user multipath beamforming method and apparatus for a Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) system.
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplexing
  • MIMO systems have become a technology of great interest in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE+ research because they can effectively improve channel capacity.
  • multiple data streams can be simultaneously transmitted through multiple layers by designing appropriate weight vector of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and data of multiple layers can be transmitted in parallel, and the layer is removed. Interference.
  • the direction of the shaped beam can be designed by designing appropriate weight vectors of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna to distinguish multi-user signals and remove inter-user interference.
  • the beamforming method distinguishes users by the location of the user, so that multiple users can reuse the same time and frequency resources. For small antenna spacing (0.5/ situation is beneficial for controlling beam pointing, it is more suitable for applying beamforming technology. At the same time, beamforming technology can also transmit the strongest directions of the same user to utilize multipath The strongest few paths in the channel environment.
  • the beamforming technology works mainly by controlling the beam direction, and is more suitable for suburban scenes that are used in the air. Beamforming can achieve significant beam energy gains that can extend cell coverage. At the same time, the beamforming technology can also be used in complex urban environments.
  • the beam direction algorithm can utilize the direction of several strongest paths, and the channel matrix decomposition algorithm can use several paths with the best channel capacity.
  • Beamforming technology can use the antenna array structure to obtain beams with characteristic directions, so that significant beam energy gain can be obtained, which can improve cell coverage and system capacity, and reduce system interference and Increase system capacity, improve link reliability, and increase peak rate. Beamforming technology can effectively improve the performance of edge users. For LTE+ systems, existing single-stream beamforming technology can be extended to multi-stream beamforming technology. Applicable to single users, thereby increasing user throughput.
  • the number of antennas on the base station side will be expanded to more than eight, and the number of antennas on the terminal side will be expanded to more than four.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a downlink single-user multipath beamforming method and device for a frequency division duplex system, and realize a single-user multipath beamforming transmission technology in an FDD system, which can simultaneously transmit multiple data for a single user. Streaming, enhancing user and system throughput.
  • the present invention provides a downlink single-user multipath beamforming method for a frequency division duplex system, including:
  • the base station estimates the direction of arrival (DOA) of the plurality of paths according to the peak value of the uplink signal power of each user;
  • the base station checks the multiple paths according to a preset decision criterion, and performs downlink data transmission on the user by using a DOA angle of the k paths that are verified;
  • k is a positive integer, and the value of k is less than or equal to a minimum value between the number of transmitting antennas on the base station side and the number of receiving antennas in the user.
  • the step of the base station estimating the DOA angles of the multiple paths according to the peak value of the uplink signal power of each user includes: the base station estimating, by using a multiple signal classification algorithm or a CAPON algorithm, a DOA of multiple paths corresponding to the peak value of the uplink signal power. angle.
  • the uplink signal includes: an uplink sounding RS pilot (SRS pilot).
  • SRS pilot uplink sounding RS pilot
  • the decision criterion is: if the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end of the downlink data of the path is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, it is determined that the path passes the check.
  • a step package for the base station to check the plurality of paths according to a preset decision criterion Includes:
  • the base station detects the estimated signal strength of each path, and estimates the gain multiple of the downlink data of each path to the receiving end;
  • the present invention also provides a downlink single-user multipath beamforming apparatus for a frequency division duplex system, which is applied to a base station, and the apparatus includes:
  • a DOA estimation module configured to: obtain a direction of arrival (DOA) angle of the plurality of paths according to a peak value of the uplink signal power of each user;
  • DOA direction of arrival
  • a decision module configured to: check the plurality of paths according to a predetermined decision criterion
  • a data transmission module configured to: perform downlink data transmission to the user according to a decision result of the decision module, using a DOA angle of k paths that are verified; wherein k is a positive integer, and a value of k is less than or equal to The minimum value between the number of transmitting antennas on the base station side and the number of receiving antennas in the user.
  • the DOA estimation module is configured to: estimate, by using a multiple signal classification algorithm or a CAPON algorithm, a DOA angle of a plurality of paths corresponding to peaks of the uplink signal power.
  • the DOA estimation module is configured to: obtain a DOA angle of the plurality of paths by using an uplink SRS pilot signal of the user.
  • the decision module is configured to check the path according to the following decision criterion: if the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end of the downlink data of the path is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, it is determined that the path passes the check.
  • the DOA estimation module is further configured to: detect a signal strength of each of the estimated paths, and estimate a gain multiple of the downlink data of each path to the receiving end;
  • the determining module is configured to: obtain, according to a product of a signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitting end of the path and a multiple of the gain, a signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end after the downlink data of the path reaches the receiving end, by comparing the connection
  • the receiving signal-to-noise ratio and the preset threshold value are used to check the path. If the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, the path is determined to pass the test.
  • the solution can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for one user, and utilizes DOA (Direction of Arrival) of multipath signals in an FDD system. Multi-stream transmission from the perspective, increasing the throughput of users and systems.
  • DOA Direction of Arrival
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a single-user beamforming method for an FDD system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a single-user beamforming method of an FDD system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the uplink channel and the downlink channel are in different frequency bands, the uplink channel and the downlink channel do not have reciprocity, and the downlink channel information cannot be directly obtained through the uplink channel information, that is, the information of the downlink channel matrix cannot be obtained by the base station side.
  • the present invention proposes a downlink single-user beamforming strategy scheme suitable for an FDD system.
  • the main idea of the scheme is that, in view of the limitations of the above-mentioned characteristics of the FDD system, the present invention considers the use of angle classes.
  • Beamforming method that is, an eNB (evolved Node B) estimates signal peaks from multiple angles based on uplink signals, and signals from multiple angles can be understood as signals from multiple paths in space; These multiple paths
  • the gain and other information according to a certain decision criterion, detect a path suitable for data transmission, thereby implementing multi-path beamforming downlink signal transmission for a single user.
  • the present invention provides a downlink single-user multipath beamforming method for a frequency division duplex system, and the following technical solutions are specifically used:
  • the base station estimates the direction of arrival of the multiple paths according to the peak value of the uplink signal power of each user.
  • the base station checks the multiple paths according to a preset decision criterion, and performs downlink data transmission on the user by using a DOA angle of the k paths that are verified;
  • k is a positive integer, and the value of k is less than or equal to a minimum value between the number of transmitting antennas on the base station side and the number of receiving antennas in the user.
  • the base station estimates a DOA direction angle of a path corresponding to the plurality of power peaks by using a Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm or a CAPON algorithm.
  • MUSIC Multiple Signal Classification
  • the uplink signal includes: an uplink sounding RS pilot (SRS pilot).
  • SRS pilot uplink sounding RS pilot
  • the decision criterion is: if the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver after the data of a certain path reaches the receiving end is greater than a preset threshold, the path is judged to pass the check.
  • the verifying the multiple direction angles according to the decision criterion specifically includes: the base station detecting the estimated signal strength of each path, and estimating that the downlink signal of each path reaches the receiving end Gain multiple
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver after the path of the downlink signal reaches the receiving end is obtained, by comparing whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end is greater than a preset The threshold value is checked for the diameter.
  • SNR TX Signal-to-noise ratio at the transmitting end
  • the gain multiple of the signal of the first path estimated by the uplink signal reaches the receiving end is ⁇ ⁇ ; the gain multiple of the signal of the second path reaches the receiving end is ⁇ 2 ; the gain multiple of the signal of the f-th path reaches the receiving end is ⁇ /.
  • ⁇ is an eigenvalue, which can represent the gain of the channel matrix.
  • the base station performs DOA estimation, it performs autocorrelation detection on the received signal, and judges the autocorrelation of the signal. It is done once in each spatial angle. The most relevant directions are the strongest. The direction in which the path is located, the magnitude of the correlation value indicates the degree of signal gain.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the data of layer 1 after reaching the receiving end is SNR TX "
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the data of layer 2 after reaching the receiving end is SNR.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the data of the TX layer f reaches the receiving end is SNR. TX .
  • the decision criterion for determining whether a layer (path) can be used for data transmission by checking is: whether the signal to noise ratio of the layer data after reaching the receiving end is greater than the threshold value SMfe, that is, when the data of a certain layer arrives When the signal-to-noise ratio after the receiving end is greater than the threshold SN fe, the data of this layer can be considered to be normally decoded, and this layer can be transmitted. According to the number of transmitting antennas on the base station side and the number of receiving antennas of the user (which will be reported to the base station when the user accesses), the signal-to-noise ratio after the data of the N layers reaches the receiving end is greater than the threshold SN.
  • k paths can be selected (k can be arbitrarily selected as needed, or k which is optimal in signal strength) can be selected for data transmission, where k is less than or equal to the number of transmitting antennas on the base station side and the user The minimum value between the number of receiving antennas, that is, a total of k layers are simultaneously transmitted.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in an embodiment of the present invention, after determining, by the base station, k paths for data transmission, beamforming is performed for directions in which k paths are located, and then performing k-layer transmission for single users using k paths of DOA. process.
  • the process mainly includes: coding, modulating, and scheduling data streams of each layer; respectively loading respective dedicated pilots for each layer of data streams, and respectively multiplying the corresponding transmission weights to map the data.
  • To the transmitting antenna and send a spatial signal through the antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a downlink single-user multipath beamforming scheme of a frequency division duplex system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 The eNB can estimate the DOA direction angle of the user according to the uplink sounding RS pilot (SRS pilot), estimate the direction of arrival of multiple paths from the peak of the uplink signal power of the user, and record the multiple angles respectively.
  • SRS pilot uplink sounding RS pilot
  • Step 2 Estimate the peaks of signals from multiple angles. Signals from multiple angles can be understood as signals from multiple paths in space. At the same time, the signal strength from each path is detected and estimated at each path. The multiple of the gain after the direction of the downlink signal reaches the receiving end ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ ⁇ Step 3: Using the decision criterion (whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the layer data reaches the receiving end is greater than the threshold value SNRRX ”) can be used The k paths of data transmission are made to determine the k direction angles DOAl, DOA2, ... DOAk for which data transmission is possible.
  • the fourth step: according to DOAl, DOA2... DOAk can obtain the k-column transmission weights W1, W2 - Wk respectively, the beam direction corresponding to the Wl weight vector is DOAl, and the beam direction corresponding to the W2 weight vector is DOA2, Wk weight The beam direction corresponding to the value vector is DOAk.
  • Step 5 Perform orthogonalization processing on Wl, W2, ... Wk, and then normalize to obtain transmission weights Wl, W2', ... Wk' which are mutually orthogonal and have a modulus value of 1.
  • the directions of the beams corresponding to W2' ... Wk' and W2... Wk are basically the same, and the performance is similar.
  • the advantage of orthogonalization is that Wl, W2, ... Wk are orthogonal to each other, reducing the interference between the two data streams, so W2, ... Wk is used instead of W2. .. Wk weights the data stream from the 2nd to the kth paths.
  • Step 6 Encoding and modulating the data stream with the transmission direction DOAl ⁇ DOAk;
  • Step 7 Loading the dedicated pilot of each layer for the data stream with the transmission direction DOAl ⁇ DOAk (Dedicated Reference Signal, referred to as DRS ) ;
  • Step 8 Multiply the data stream with the transmission direction of DOAl ⁇ DOAk by the corresponding transmission weight, that is, multiply the corresponding transmission weight Wl W2' - Wk' to map the data to the transmitting antenna and perform the antenna through the antenna. Space signal transmission. Complete the beamforming process; Step 9: The receiving end, that is, the user equipment (User Equipment, UE for short) side performs signal demodulation according to the dedicated pilot.
  • the user equipment User Equipment, UE for short
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a downlink single-user multipath beamforming device for a frequency division duplex system, which is applied to a base station, and the device mainly includes the following functional modules:
  • a DOA estimation module configured to estimate a direction of arrival (DOA) of the plurality of paths according to a peak value of the uplink signal power of each user;
  • a decision module wherein the plurality of paths are inspected according to a predetermined decision criterion
  • a data transmission module configured to perform downlink data transmission on the user by using a DOA angle of the k paths that are verified according to the decision result of the decision module; where k is a positive integer, and the value of k is less than or equal to the base station side The minimum value between the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas of the user.
  • the DOA estimation module is configured to estimate, by using a multiple signal classification algorithm or a CAPON algorithm, a DOA angle of a plurality of paths corresponding to peaks of the uplink signal power.
  • the DOA estimation module is configured to obtain a DOA angle of the multiple paths by using an uplink SRS pilot signal of the user.
  • the determining module is configured to: check the path according to the following decision criterion: if the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end of the downlink data of the path is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, determine that the path passes test.
  • the DOA estimation module is further configured to: detect the estimated signal strength of each path, and estimate a gain multiple of the downlink data of each path to the receiving end;
  • the determining module is configured to: according to a product of a signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitting end of the path and a multiplier of the gain, obtain a signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end of the downlink data of the path to the receiving end, by comparing the receiving end signal Whether the noise ratio is greater than the predetermined threshold value, the diameter is checked.
  • the solution of the present invention can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for one user, and multi-stream transmission using the DOA angle of the multipath signal in the FDD system, thereby increasing the throughput of users and systems.

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Description

一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及智能天线波束赋形技术领域， 更具体地， 涉及一种频分双工 ( Frequency Division Duplexing, FDD ) 系统下行单用户多径波束成形方法及 装置。 背景技术
多输入多输出 （ Multiple Input and Multiple Output, MIMO ) 系统由于其 能够有效提高信道容量而成为长期演进（ Long Term Evolution, LTE )、 LTE+ 的研究中一项倍受人们关注的技术。
在单用户 MIMO模式中， 可以通过设计合适的发射天线和接收天线的权 值矢量来对多个数据流通过多个层同时进行传输， 并可以使多个层的数据之 间并行传输， 去除层间干扰。
在多用户 MIMO模式中， 可以通过设计合适的发射天线和接收天线的权 值矢量来设计赋形波束的方向， 区分多用户的信号， 去除用户间干扰。
波束成形的方法通过用户所在方位来区分用户， 从而可以实现多个用户 复用相同的时间、 频率资源。 对于小天线间距（0.5/ 情况有利于控制波束 指向， 更加适合于应用波束成形 （Beamforming )技术。 同时波束成形技术也 可以对同一个用户的信号最强的几个方向进行传输， 以利用多径信道环境中 最强的几条径。
波束成形技术主要是通过控制波束方向来进行工作的， 比较适合用于空 旷的郊区场景。 波束成形可以获得明显的波束能量增益， 可以扩大小区的覆 盖。 同时波束成形技术也可以用于复杂的城区环境， 利用波束方向类的算法 可以利用信号最强的几个径的方向， 利用信道矩阵分解类的算法可以使用信 道容量最好的几条径。
波束成形技术利用天线阵列结构可以获得特征方向的波束， 因此可以获 得明显的波束能量增益， 这可以完善小区覆盖和系统容量， 减小系统干扰和 增加系统容量， 提高链路可靠性， 提高峰值速率， 波束成形技术可以有效的 改善边沿用户的性能，对于 LTE+系统来说，可以将现有的单流波束成形技术 扩展至多流波束成形技术， 仍然适用于单用户， 从而提高用户的吞吐量。
对于即将开始制定的第三代合作伙伴计划 （Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP ) Rel-10标准来说， 基站侧天线数目将会扩展至 8个以上， 终 端侧天线数目将会扩展至 4个以上， 对于未来的波束成形技术来说， 控制波 束成形所使用的层数并从而充分并合理得利用空间信道资源成为重要的课 题。 发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成 形方法及装置， 在 FDD系统中实现单用户的多径波束成形传输技术， 能够为 单用户同时发送多个数据流， 增强用户及系统的吞吐量。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供了一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径 波束成形方法， 包括：
基站根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到多个径的波达方向 ( DOA ) 角度；
所述基站根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验， 并使用其中 通过检验的 k个径的 DOA角度对所述用户进行下行数据传输；
其中， k为正整数， 且 k的值小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接 收天线数之间的最小值。
所述基站根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到多个径的 DOA角 度的步骤包括： 所述基站通过多重信号分类算法或 CAPON算法估计得到所 述上行信号功率峰值对应的多个径的 DOA角度。
所述上行信号包括： 上行 sounding RS导频（ SRS导频 ) 。
所述判决准则为： 若所述径的下行数据的接收端信噪比大于等于预先设 定的门限值， 则判定所述径通过检验。
所述所述基站根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验的步骤包 括：
所述基站检测所述估计得到的每个径的信号强度， 并估计得出每个径的 下行数据到达接收端的增益倍数；
根据所述径的发射端信噪比与所述增益倍数的乘积得出所述径的下行数 据到达接收端后的接收端信噪比， 通过比较所述接收端信噪比与所述预先设 定的门限值， 对所述径进行检验， 若所述接收端信噪比大于等于预先设定的 门限值， 则判定所述径通过检验。
本发明还提供了一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形装置， 应用 于基站， 所述装置包括：
DOA估计模块， 其设置为： 根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到 多个径的波达方向 （DOA ) 角度；
判决模块， 其设置为： 根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验； 以及
数据传输模块， 其设置为： 根据所述判决模块的判决结果， 使用其中通 过检验的 k个径的 DOA角度对所述用户进行下行数据传输； 其中， k为正整 数， 且 k的值小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接收天线数之间的最小 值。
所述 DOA估计模块是设置为：通过多重信号分类算法或 CAPON算法估 计得到所述上行信号功率峰值对应的多个径的 DOA角度。
所述 DOA估计模块是设置为： 通过所述用户的上行 SRS导频信号估计 得到所述多个径的 DOA角度。
所述判决模块是设置为根据以下判决准则对所述径进行检验： 若所述径 的下行数据的接收端信噪比大于等于预先设定的门限值， 则判定所述径通过 检验。
所述 DOA估计模块还设置为： 检测所述估计得到的每个径的信号强度， 并估计得出每个径的下行数据到达接收端的增益倍数；
所述判决模块是设置为： 根据所述径的发射端信噪比与所述增益倍数的 乘积得出所述径的下行数据到达接收端后的接收端信噪比， 通过比较所述接 收端信噪比与所述预先设定的门限值， 对所述径进行检验， 若所述接收端信 噪比大于等于预先设定的门限值， 则判定所述径通过检验。
与现有技术相比， 本发明提供的上述方案至少具有如下有益效果： 该方 案可以为一个用户同时发送多个数据流，在 FDD系统中利用多径信号的 DOA ( Direction of Arrival , 波达方向） 角度而进行多流传输， 增加了用户和系统 的吞吐量。 附图概述
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 构成本申请的一部 分， 本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的 不当限定。 在附图中：
图 1 为依据本发明实施例的 FDD 系统单用户波束成形方法的原理示意 图；
图 2为依据本发明实施例的 FDD 系统单用户波束成形方法的流程示意 图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
在 FDD系统中， 由于上行信道与下行信道所处不同的频段， 上行信道与 下行信道不具有互易性， 无法通过上行信道信息直接获得下行信道信息， 即 基站侧无法获得下行信道矩阵的信息， 无法使用信道矩阵做特征值分解而得 到波束成形发射权值的方法。 即无法使用这种最优的、 最大限度利用信道容 量的方法。
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明的提出一种适用于 FDD系统的下 行单用户波束成形策略方案， 该方案的主要思想在于， 鉴于 FDD系统具有上 述特性的限制， 本发明考虑使用角度类的波束成形方法， 即： eNB ( evolved Node B, 演进型基站）根据上行信号估计得到来自多个角度的信号峰值， 而 来自多个角度的信号可以理解为来自空间多个径的信号； 并根据这些多个径 的增益等信息， 按照一定的判决准则检测出适用于进行数据传输的径， 从而 实现对单用户进行多径波束成形下行信号的传输。
基于上述思想， 本发明提供一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形 方法， 具体釆用如下技术方案：
基站根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到多个径的波达方向
( DOA ) 角度；
所述基站根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验， 并使用其中 通过检验的 k个径的 DOA角度对所述用户进行下行数据传输；
其中， k为正整数， 且 k的值小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接 收天线数之间的最小值。
进一步地， 所述基站通过多重信号分类 （Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC )算法或 CAPON算法估计出所述多个功率峰值对应的径的 DOA方向 角。
进一步地， 所述上行信号包括： 上行 sounding RS导频（ SRS导频） 。 进一步地， 所述判决准则为： 若某个径的数据到达接收端后的接收端信 噪比大于预先设定的门限值， 则判决所述径通过检验。
进一步地， 所述根据判决准则对所述多个方向角进行检验， 具体包括： 所述基站检测所述估计出的每个径的信号强度， 并估计得出每个径的下 行信号到达接收端的增益倍数；
根据该径发射端的链路信噪比与该径的增益倍数的乘积得出该径下行信 号到达接收端后的接收端信噪比， 通过比较所述接收端信噪比是否大于预先 设定的所述门限值， 对该径进行检验。
本发明上述方案中主要涉及如下几个参量：
1 )发射端信噪比： SNRTX, 该值为发射端的已知值；
2 )使得接收正确块率（即 1-BLER (误块率） ）达到 P ( P的优选值为 70% ) 时的接收端信噪比： SNRRX, SN fe即为接收误块率达到 P的信噪比门 限值， 该门限值通常也为已知值；
3 )通过上行信号估计得到的第一条径的信号到达接收端的增益倍数为 λι ; 第二条径的信号到达接收端的增益倍数为 λ2; 第 f条径的信号到达接收端 的增益倍数为 λ/。
其中， λ为特征值， 其可以表示出信道矩阵的增益。 基站在进行 DOA估 计时， 是对于所接收到的信号进行自相关检测， 判断信号的自相关性强弱， 在每个空间角度做一次， 相关性最强的几个方向就是最强的几个径所在的方 向， 相关性值的大小说明信号增益的程度。
根据以上参量， 层 1的数据到达接收端后的信噪比为 SNRTX" , 层 2的 数据到达接收端后的信噪比为 SNRTX 层 f 的数据到达接收端后的信噪比 为 SNRTX 。
根据本发明方案， 判决某层（径）是否通过检验能够用于数据传输的判 决准则为： 层的数据到达接收端后的信噪比是否大于门限值 SMfe, 即当某 一层的数据到达接收端后的信噪比大于门限值 SN fe时， 则可认为此层的数 据可以正常解码， 这一层可以进行传输。 根据基站侧发射天线的个数与用户 接收天线数之间的个数（在用户接入时会上报给基站） ， 当有 N个层的数据 到达接收端后的信噪比大于门限值 SN fe时， 可以选择其中的 k个径（根据 需要可以任意选出 k个， 也可以选出信号强度最优的 k个 )进行数据传输， 其中， k 小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接收天线数之间的最小值， 即共有 k个层同时进行传输。
为了便于阐述本发明， 以下将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明技术方案 的实施作进一步详细描述。
图 1示出了本发明实施例中， 基站确定用于数据传输的 k个径后， 对于 k个径所在的方向进行波束赋形， 然后使用 k个径的 DOA对单用户进行 k层 发送的过程。 参见图 1 , 该过程主要包括： 对每一层的数据流进行编码调制、 调度； 对每一层数据流分别加载各自的专用导频， 并分别乘以相应的发射权 值后， 将数据映射至发射天线， 并通过天线进行空间信号发送。 图 2示出了本发明实施例的频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形方案 的流程示意图， 其具体实施步骤描述如下：
第一步： eNB可以根据上行 sounding RS导频（ SRS导频）估计用户的 DOA方向角度，估计得到来自用户的上行信号功率峰值的多个径的波达方向 角度， 并将多个角度分别记为 DOAl、 DOA2、 ...DOAf。
其中， 可以使用 MUSIC算法、 CAPON算法等算法。
第二步： 估计得到来自多个角度的信号峰值， 来自多个角度的信号可以 理解为来自空间多个径的信号， 同时检测得到来自每个径的信号强度， 从而 估计得到在每条径的方向的下行信号到达接收端后的增益的倍数 λ2...λ ο 第三步： 使用判决准则 （层的数据到达接收端后的信噪比是否大于门限 值 SNRRX ")得到可以用来做数据传输的 k个径， 从而确定出可以进行数据传 输的 k个方向角 DOAl、 DOA2、 ...DOAk。
第四步： 根据 DOAl、 DOA2... DOAk可以分别得到 k列发射权值 W1、 W2 - Wk , Wl权值矢量对应的波束方向为 DOAl , W2权值矢量对应的波束 方向为 DOA2 , Wk权值矢量对应的波束方向为 DOAk。
第五步： 对 Wl、 W2、 ... Wk进行正交化处理， 再进行归一化， 得到相 互正交的且模值为 1的发射权值 Wl、 W2'、 ... Wk'。
其中， W2' ... Wk'与 W2... Wk所对应的波束的方向基本相同， 性能相近。 进行正交化处理的优势在于 Wl、 W2，、 ... Wk，之间两两相互正交， 减少了两 个数据流间的干扰， 因此用 W2，、 ... Wk，代替 W2、 ... Wk对第 2个至第 k个 径的数据流进行加权。
第六步： 对发射方向为 DOAl~DOAk的数据流进行编码、 调制； 第七步： 对发射方向为 DOAl~DOAk的数据流分别加载每个层各自的专 用导频（ Dedicated Reference Signal, 简称为 DRS ) ；
第八步：对发射方向为 DOAl~DOAk的数据流分别乘以相应的发射权值， 即乘以相应的发射权值 Wl W2' - Wk' , 从而将数据映射至发射天线， 并通 过天线进行空间信号发送。 完成波束赋形过程； 第九步： 接收端即用户设备（User Equipment, 简称为 UE )侧根据专用 导频进行信号解调。
此外， 本发明实施例中还提供了一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束 成形装置， 应用于基站， 该装置主要包括以下功能模块：
DOA估计模块，用于根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到多个径 的波达方向 （DOA ) 角度；
判决模块， 根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验；
数据传输模块， 用于根据所述判决模块的判决结果， 使用其中通过检验 的 k个径的 DOA角度对所述用户进行下行数据传输； 其中， k为正整数， 且 k的值小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接收天线数之间的最小值。
进一步地， 所述 DOA估计模块， 用于通过多重信号分类算法或 CAPON 算法估计得到所述上行信号功率峰值对应的多个径的 DOA角度。
进一步地， 所述 DOA估计模块， 用于通过所述用户的上行 SRS导频信 号估计得到所述多个径的 DOA角度。
进一步地， 所述判决模块用于， 根据以下判决准则对所述径进行检验： 若所述径的下行数据的接收端信噪比大于等于预先设定的门限值， 则判定所 述径通过检验。
进一步地，所述 DOA估计模块还用于，检测所述估计得到的每个径的信 号强度， 并估计得出每个径的下行数据到达接收端的增益倍数；
所述判决模块用于， 根据所述径的发射端信噪比与所述增益倍数的乘积 得出所述径的下行数据到达接收端后的接收端信噪比， 通过比较所述接收端 信噪比是否大于所述预先设定的门限值， 对所述径进行检验。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施案例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 本发明还 可有其他多种实施例， 在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下， 熟悉本领域 的技术人员可根据本发明做出各种相应的改变和变形， 但这些相应的改变和 变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。 显然， 本领域的技术人员应该明白， 上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可 以用通用的计算装置来实现， 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上， 或者分布 在多个计算装置所组成的网络上， 可选地， 它们可以用计算装置可执行的程 序代码来实现， 从而， 可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行， 并 且在某些情况下， 可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤， 或者 将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块， 或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作 成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样， 本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件 结合。
工业实用性 本发明的方案可以为一个用户同时发送多个数据流，在 FDD系统中利用 多径信号的 DOA角度而进行多流传输， 增加了用户和系统的吞吐量。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形方法， 其包括： 基站根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到多个径的波达方向 ( DOA ) 角度； 以及
所述基站根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验， 并使用其中 通过检验的 k个径的 DOA角度对所述用户进行下行数据传输；
其中， k为正整数， 且 k的值小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接 收天线数之间的最小值。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述基站根据每个用户的上行信号 功率峰值估计得到多个径的 DOA角度的步骤包括：
所述基站通过多重信号分类算法或 CAPON算法估计得到所述上行信号 功率峰值对应的多个径的 DOA角度。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中，
所述上行信号包括： 上行 sounding RS导频（ SRS导频 ) 。
4、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的方法， 其中，
所述判决准则为： 若所述径的下行数据的接收端信噪比大于等于预先设 定的门限值， 则判定所述径通过检验。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法， 其中， 所述基站根据预先设定的判决准则 对所述多个径进行检验的步骤包括：
所述基站检测所述估计得到的每个径的信号强度， 并估计得出每个径的 下行数据到达接收端的增益倍数；
根据所述径的发射端信噪比与所述增益倍数的乘积得出所述径的下行数 据到达接收端后的接收端信噪比， 通过比较所述接收端信噪比与所述预先设 定的门限值， 对所述径进行检验， 若所述接收端信噪比大于等于预先设定的 门限值， 则判定所述径通过检验。
6、 一种频分双工系统下行单用户多径波束成形装置， 应用于基站， 所述 装置包括： DOA估计模块， 其设置为： 根据每个用户的上行信号功率峰值估计得到 多个径的波达方向 （DOA ) 角度；
判决模块， 其设置为： 根据预先设定的判决准则对所述多个径进行检验； 以及
数据传输模块， 其设置为： 根据所述判决模块的判决结果， 使用其中通 过检验的 k个径的 DOA角度对所述用户进行下行数据传输； 其中， k为正整 数， 且 k的值小于等于基站侧发射天线数与所述用户接收天线数之间的最小 值。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的装置， 其中，
所述 DOA估计模块是设置为：通过多重信号分类算法或 CAPON算法估 计得到所述上行信号功率峰值对应的多个径的 DOA角度。
8、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的装置， 其中，
所述 DOA估计模块是设置为： 通过所述用户的上行 SRS导频信号估计 得到所述多个径的 DOA角度。
9、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的装置， 其中，
所述判决模块是设置为根据以下判决准则对所述径进行检验： 若所述径 的下行数据的接收端信噪比大于等于预先设定的门限值， 则判定所述径通过 检验。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的装置， 其中，
所述 DOA估计模块还设置为： 检测所述估计得到的每个径的信号强度， 并估计得出每个径的下行数据到达接收端的增益倍数；
所述判决模块是设置为： 根据所述径的发射端信噪比与所述增益倍数的 乘积得出所述径的下行数据到达接收端后的接收端信噪比， 通过比较所述接 收端信噪比与所述预先设定的门限值， 对所述径进行检验， 若所述接收端信 噪比大于等于预先设定的门限值， 则判定所述径通过检验。
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