WO2012100506A1 - 多径波束成形方法及实现多径波束成形的ue - Google Patents

多径波束成形方法及实现多径波束成形的ue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012100506A1
WO2012100506A1 PCT/CN2011/076893 CN2011076893W WO2012100506A1 WO 2012100506 A1 WO2012100506 A1 WO 2012100506A1 CN 2011076893 W CN2011076893 W CN 2011076893W WO 2012100506 A1 WO2012100506 A1 WO 2012100506A1
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signal
receiving side
spatial path
noise ratio
spatial
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PCT/CN2011/076893
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭阳
禹忠
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012100506A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012100506A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a beamforming technology for a MIMO (Multiple Input and Multiple Output) communication system, and more particularly to a multipath beamforming method and a user equipment (UE, User Equipment) for implementing multipath beamforming.
  • MIMO Multiple Input and Multiple Output
  • UE User Equipment
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A Long-Term Evolution
  • LTE-A Advanced Long-Term Evolution
  • the beamforming technology mainly works by controlling the beam direction.
  • the antenna array structure is used to obtain the beam of the feature direction, and the user terminal is also distinguished by the orientation of the user terminal, so that multiple users can be reused for the same time and frequency resources.
  • Obvious beam energy gain can be obtained, which can improve cell coverage and MIMO system capacity, reduce MIMO system interference and increase MIMO system capacity, improve link reliability, and increase peak rate.
  • beamforming technology can also use the strongest direction of the user signal to control the beam to take advantage of the strongest paths in the multipath channel environment for data transmission.
  • Beamforming technology is suitable for use in open suburban scenes as well as in complex urban environments. For small antenna spacing (such as 0.5), it is more suitable for applying beamforming technology, which is beneficial to control beam pointing.
  • multiple data streams can be simultaneously transmitted through multiple layers by designing appropriate weight vector of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and data of multiple layers can be transmitted in parallel, and the layer is removed. Interference.
  • the direction of the shaped beam can be designed by designing appropriate weight vector of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna to distinguish multi-user signals and remove inter-user interference.
  • the current beamforming technology is mainly for beamforming of a single-layer data stream.
  • the terminal side performs beamforming processing on the uplink data stream to be sent directly to the base station side, and sends the uplink to the base station.
  • the data stream is a single layer.
  • the number of base station side antennas of the MIMO system will be expanded to more than 8 and the number of terminal side antennas will be extended to 4. More than this, as for the beamforming technology, it is necessary to control the path used for beamforming, and the existing single-stream beamforming technology needs to be extended to the multi-stream beamforming technology to more fully utilize the spatial channel resources.
  • the present invention provides a multipath beamforming method, the method comprising:
  • the UE obtains a signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path capable of data transmission to the receiving side;
  • the UE performs beamforming processing on the data stream transmitted on the determined spatial path and transmits it to the receiving side.
  • the process in which the UE obtains the uplink signal of each spatial path capable of data transmission to the receiving side signal to noise ratio includes: the UE finds each spatial path capable of data transmission, and obtains each spatial path.
  • the uplink signal reaches the gain multiple of the receiving side, and the product of the gain multiplier of each spatial path reaching the receiving side and the signal-to-noise ratio of the own link is calculated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side is obtained.
  • the UE determines, according to the obtained signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path, the process for performing the current data transmission, as follows:
  • the UE compares the signal to noise ratio of the obtained uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side with a pre-configured signal to noise ratio threshold, and the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal to the receiving side is greater than the signal to noise ratio gate.
  • Each spatial path of the limit is determined to be a spatial path for current data transmission.
  • the process of performing beamforming processing on the data stream transmitted on the determined spatial path and transmitting to the receiving side includes:
  • the UE obtains the transmission weights of the spatial paths determined for the current data transmission, and encodes, modulates, and loads the dedicated pilots of the layers on the spatial paths, according to the obtained transmissions.
  • the weight value is weighted by the data stream on each of the spatial paths, and then sent to the receiving side.
  • the UE obtains the transmission weights of the spatial paths determined for the current data transmission, including:
  • the UE obtains the transmission weights of the spatial paths according to the direction angles of the spatial paths determined for the current data transmission, and then orthogonalizes the obtained transmission weights and normalizes them. , to obtain mutually orthogonal, and the modulus value of the transmission value of 1.
  • the present invention further provides a UE that implements multipath beamforming, where the UE includes: an obtaining unit, a determining unit, and a sending unit;
  • An obtaining unit configured to obtain an uplink signal of each spatial path capable of data transmission, and a signal to noise ratio of the connected side:
  • a determining unit configured to determine, according to a signal to noise ratio of an uplink signal of each spatial path obtained by the obtaining unit to a receiving side, a spatial path for performing current data transmission;
  • a sending unit configured to perform a beam shaping process on the data stream transmitted on the spatial path determined by the determining unit, and transmit to the receiving side.
  • the obtaining unit is configured to find each space capable of data transmission a path, and obtaining a gain multiple of the uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side, calculating a product of a gain multiple of the uplink signal of each spatial path reaching the receiving side and a link signal-to-noise ratio of the UE, and obtaining an uplink signal arrival and reception of each spatial path Side signal to noise ratio.
  • the determining unit is configured to compare the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path obtained by the obtaining unit to the receiving side with a pre-configured signal to noise ratio threshold, and reach the uplink signal.
  • Each spatial path whose signal-to-noise ratio on the receiving side is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold is determined as a spatial path for performing current data transmission.
  • the sending unit is configured to obtain a transmission weight of each spatial path determined by the determining unit for performing current data transmission, and encode, modulate, and perform data flow on each spatial path.
  • the dedicated pilots of each layer are loaded, and the data streams on the spatial paths are weighted according to the obtained transmission weights, and then sent to the receiving side.
  • the UE determines the data stream that can be transmitted according to the signal to noise ratio of the data stream on each path to the receiving side, and then performs beamforming on the data stream that can be transmitted.
  • a beamforming scheme is proposed for a communication system using FDD technology for uplink data transmission using multiple paths, which can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for one user and utilize in an uplink single-user FDD system. Multiple paths transmit data streams, enabling beam-line multi-stream transmission, increasing the throughput of user terminals and FDD systems.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the implementation of a multipath beamforming method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-path beamforming process in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a specific implementation flowchart of the embodiment shown in FIG. detailed description
  • the uplink channel and the downlink channel are in different frequency bands, and the uplink channel and the downlink channel have no reciprocity.
  • the terminal side cannot obtain the beamforming transmission weight by obtaining the uplink channel matrix and performing eigenvalue decomposition on the obtained channel matrix. Only the beamforming method of the angle type can be used.
  • the UE side selects, from a plurality of spatial paths capable of data transmission, a partial spatial path whose uplink signal arrives at the receiving side and whose signal-to-noise ratio satisfies the setting requirement, and is determined as The spatial path of the data transmission is performed, and then the data stream is transmitted through the determined spatial paths, so that multiple data streams can be simultaneously transmitted for one user.
  • the multipath beamforming method of the present invention is applicable to a communication system using TDD technology, such as a MIMO system using TDD technology.
  • the method mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 The UE obtains a signal to noise ratio of an uplink signal of each spatial path capable of data transmission to the terminal side.
  • Step 102 The UE determines a spatial path for performing current data transmission according to the obtained signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side.
  • Step 103 The UE performs beamforming processing on the data stream transmitted on the determined spatial path, and transmits the data stream to the receiving side.
  • the receiving side is generally a base station side.
  • the UE obtains the process of the uplink signal of each spatial path capable of data transmission to the receiving side signal to noise ratio, and the method includes: the UE finds each spatial path capable of data transmission, and obtains an uplink signal arrival of each spatial path.
  • the gain multiplier on the receiving side calculates the product of the gain multiplier of each spatial path reaching the receiving side and the signal-to-noise ratio of the self-link, and obtains the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side.
  • the UE may estimate a direction angle at which the downlink signal power reaches a peak according to the downlink common pilot, and the estimated spatial path corresponding to each direction angle is a spatial path capable of data transmission, and is obtained according to the direction angle of each spatial path.
  • the uplink signal of each spatial path reaches the gain multiple of the receiving side.
  • the UE arrives according to the uplink signal of each obtained spatial path.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving side determines the spatial path used for the current data transmission, and may be: the UE obtains the signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side and the pre-configured SNR threshold. For comparison, each spatial path whose uplink signal reaches the receiving side and whose signal to noise ratio is greater than the signal to noise ratio threshold is determined as a spatial path for performing current data transmission.
  • the SNR threshold may be set to the received signal to noise ratio * ⁇ when the correct block rate on the receiving side reaches the threshold value P of the simulation evaluation.
  • the correct block rate on the receiving side is 1 minus the error on the receiving side.
  • the difference obtained by the block rate (BLER, Block Error Ratio), and the preferred value of P is 70%.
  • the relationship between the block error rate and the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving side can be obtained through simulation test. The specific process is commonly used in the art, and will not be described here.
  • the process of performing beamforming processing on the data stream transmitted by the UE on the determined spatial path and transmitting the data stream to the receiving side includes: obtaining, by the UE, each spatial path determined for performing current data transmission. Transmitting weights, encoding, modulating, and loading dedicated pilots of the data streams on the spatial paths, and weighting the data streams on the spatial paths according to the obtained transmission weights After that, it is sent to the receiving side.
  • the UE obtains the transmission weights of the spatial paths determined for the current data transmission, and may include: the UE obtaining the foregoing according to the direction angle of each spatial path determined for performing current data transmission.
  • the transmission weight of the spatial path is orthogonalized to the obtained transmission weight and normalized to obtain mutually orthogonal transmission weights with a modulus of 1.
  • the present invention further provides a UE that implements multipath beamforming
  • the UE may include: an obtaining unit, a determining unit, and a sending unit, where the obtaining unit is configured to obtain each spatial path capable of data transmission a signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal to the receiving side; a determining unit, configured to determine, according to a signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path obtained by the obtaining unit to the receiving side, a spatial path for performing current data transmission; The data stream transmitted on the spatial path determined by the determining unit is subjected to beamforming processing and transmitted to the receiving side.
  • the obtaining unit may be configured to find each spatial path capable of data transmission, And obtaining the gain multiple of the uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side, calculating the product of the gain multiplier of the uplink signal reaching the receiving side of each spatial path and the link signal-to-noise ratio of the UE, and obtaining the uplink signal of each spatial path to the receiving side. Signal to noise ratio.
  • the determining unit may be configured to compare the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of each spatial path obtained by the obtaining unit to the receiving side with a pre-configured signal to noise ratio threshold, and send the uplink signal to the receiving side.
  • Each spatial path having a signal to noise ratio greater than the signal to noise ratio threshold is determined as a spatial path for performing current data transmission.
  • the sending unit may be configured to obtain, according to the transmission weights of the spatial paths determined by the determining unit for performing current data transmission, and encode, modulate, and load the data streams on the spatial paths.
  • the dedicated pilot of the layer performs weighting processing on the data streams in the spatial paths according to the obtained transmission weights, and then sends the data streams to the receiving side.
  • Step 301 The UE is based on the base station side.
  • the downlink common pilot of the downlink signal estimates a plurality of direction angles of the downlink signal power peaks from the base station, that is, obtains a plurality of spatial paths that can be used for data transmission.
  • f direction angles are estimated, respectively. Recorded as DOAl,
  • DOA2 DOAf that is, get f spatial paths that can be used for data transmission.
  • Step 302 The UE estimates the signal peaks of the f spatial paths, and simultaneously detects the signal strengths of the signals, and obtains the gain multiples of the uplink signals of the f spatial paths to the receiving side. 4
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal of the f spatial paths to the receiving side is obtained;
  • the gain multiple of the signal of the first path estimated by the downlink signal reaches the receiving end is 4; the gain multiple of the signal of the second path reaches the receiving end is 4; ...; the letter of the f-path
  • the gain multiplier of the number arriving at the receiving end is .
  • the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of path 1 to the receiving side is SNR TX A
  • the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal of path 2 to the receiving side is SNR TX *
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal of the path f to the receiving side is
  • the UE acts as a transmitting side, and its link signal-to-noise ratio is a known value, which is pre-configured into the UE.
  • Step 303 The UE compares the signal to noise ratio of the obtained uplink signals of the f spatial paths to the receiving side with a preset signal to noise ratio threshold SNR Rx, and obtains that the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal to the receiving side is greater than the signal to noise ratio.
  • the spatial path of the threshold SNR RX is the direction angle DOA1, DOA2
  • the k spatial paths of the DOAk determining the data transmission through the k spatial paths
  • the UE compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal arriving at the receiving side of the obtained f spatial paths with the pre-configured SNR threshold ⁇ , and the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal to the receiving side is greater than the pre-configured signal.
  • the noise ratio threshold SNR Rx the data stream transmitted on the path can be normally decoded on the receiving side, and the UE determines that the path can be used for data stream transmission.
  • the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal with k paths to the receiving side is greater than the signal to noise ratio threshold value SW ⁇ . At this time, the UE determines to perform data flow through the k paths. Transmission.
  • Step 304 The UE obtains the corresponding k-column transmission weights W1 and W2 Wk according to the direction angles DOA1 and DOA2 DOAk of the k spatial paths, where the beam direction corresponding to the W1 weight vector is the direction angle DOA1, and the W2 weight vector corresponds to The beam direction is the direction angle DOA2, and the beam direction corresponding to the Wk weight vector is the direction angle DOAk.
  • Step 305 The UE performs orthogonalization processing on the obtained k-column transmission weights W1 and W2 Wk, and performs normalization to obtain mutually orthogonal transmission weights W1 with a modulus value of 1, W2, Wk,;
  • the transmission weight W2' Wk' is substantially the same as the direction of the beam corresponding to W2 Wk, and the performance is similar.
  • the advantage of performing the orthogonalization processing is that the orthogonally processed transmission weights Wl, W2, Wk, The two are orthogonal to each other, which is advantageous for reducing interference between data streams. Thereafter, the orthogonally processed transmission weights W2, ... Wk can be used instead of the above-mentioned transmission weights W2 Wk, for the second to kth
  • the data streams on the spatial paths are weighted.
  • Step 306 The UE encodes and modulates the data stream whose transmission direction is DOAl ⁇ DOAk.
  • DRS dedicated Reference Signal
  • the DRS is pre-configured on the UE and the receiving side.
  • Step 308 The UE performs weighting processing on the data streams with the transmission direction DOAl ⁇ DOAk according to the transmission weights W1, W2, and Wk' obtained in step 305, and then maps the data stream with the transmission direction DOAl-DOAk to the transmitting antenna. And transmitting through the antenna port of the transmitting antenna to complete the beamforming process.
  • Step 309 The base station side as the receiving side receives the data stream whose transmission direction is DOAl-DOAk through its own receiving antenna, and performs signal demodulation according to the dedicated pilot of the received data stream.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多径波束成形方法,所述方法包括:UE得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比;所述UE根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比,确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径;所述UE对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形处理,并发射到接收侧。本发明还公开了一种实现多径波束成形的UE,给出了一种适用于采用FDD技术的通信系统上行使用多个路径进行数据传输的波束成形方案,可以为一个用户同时发送多个数据流,在上行单用户FDD系统中利用多条路径传输数据流,实现了波束成行的多流传输,增加了用户终端和FDD系统的吞吐量。

Description

多径波束成形方法及实现多径波束成形的 UE 技术领域
本发明涉及多输入多输出 ( MIMO , Multiple Input and Multiple Output ) 通信系统的波束成形 (beamforming )技术, 尤其涉及一种多径波束成形方 法及实现多径波束成形的用户设备(UE, User Equipment )。 背景技术
MIMO系统由于其有效提高信道容量而在长期演进( LTE , Long-Term Evolution ), 高级长期演进( LTE-A, Advanced Long-Term Evolution ) 的研 究中倍受人们关注。
波束成形技术主要是通过控制波束方向来进行工作的, 利用天线阵列 结构获得特征方向的波束, 还通过用户终端所在方位来区分用户终端, 从 而可以实现多个用户复用相同的时间、 和频率资源, 可以获得明显的波束 能量增益, 可以完善小区覆盖和 MIMO系统容量, 减小 MIMO系统干扰和 增加 MIMO系统容量, 提高链路可靠性, 提高峰值速率。 同时, 波束成形 技术也可以利用用户信号最强的方向进行控制波束, 以利用多径信道环境 中最强的几条径进行数据传输。 波束成形技术比较适合用于空旷的郊区场 景, 也可以用于复杂的城区环境。 对于小天线间距(如 0.5 )情况下, 更 加适合于应用波束成形 (beamforming )技术, 有利于控制波束指向。
在单用户 MIMO模式中, 可以通过设计合适的发射天线和接收天线的 权值矢量来对多个数据流通过多个层同时进行传输, 并可以使多个层的数 据之间并行传输, 去除层间干扰。 在多用户 MIMO模式中, 可以通过设计 合适的发射天线和接收天线的权值矢量来设计赋形波束的方向, 区分多用 户的信号, 去除用户间干扰。 目前的波束成形技术, 主要是针对单层数据流的波束成形, 对于单用 户 MIMO模式来说, 终端侧将直接对待发送的上行数据流进行波束成形处 理, 并发送到基站侧, 待发的上行数据流为单层。
对于即将开始制定的第三代合作伙伴计划 (3GPP , Third Generation Partnership Projects ) Rel-10标准来说, MIMO系统的基站侧天线数目将会 扩展至 8个以上, 终端侧天线数目将会扩展至 4个以上, 如此, 对于波束 成形技术来说, 就需要控制波束成形所使用的路径, 需要将现有的单流波 束成形技术扩展至多流波束成形技术, 以便更充分合理的利用空间信道资 源。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种多径波束成形方法及实现 多径波束成形的 UE, 以实现波束成形中所使用路径的控制。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明提供了一种多径波束成形方法, 所述方法包括:
UE得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信 噪比;
所述 UE根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比,确定 用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径;
所述 UE对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形处理,并发射 到接收侧。
在上述方案中 ,所述 UE得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信 号到达接收侧信噪比的过程, 包括: 所述 UE找到能够进行数据传输的各空 间路径, 并得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数, 计算各空 间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数与自身链路信噪比的乘积, 得到 各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比。 在上述方案中,所述 UE根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧 的信噪比, 确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径的过程, 为:
所述 UE将所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比与预先 配置的信噪比门限值进行比较, 并将上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于所 述信噪比门限值的各空间路径确定为用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径。
在上述方案中, 所述对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形 处理, 并发射到接收侧的过程, 包括:
所述 UE得到所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路径的发射权值, 并对所述各空间路径上的数据流进行编码、 调制、 加载各层的专用导频, 根据所得到的发射权值, 对所述各空间路径上的数据流进行加权处理后, 发送给接收侧。
在上述方案中,所述 UE得到所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路 径的发射权值, 包括:
所述 UE根据所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路径的方向角,得 到所述各空间路径的发射权值, 再对所得到的发射权值进行正交化处理、 以及归一化之后, 得到相互正交的、 且模值为 1的发射权值。
本发明还提供了一种实现多径波束成形的 UE, 所述 UE包括: 获得单 元、 确定单元和发送单元; 其中,
获得单元, 用于得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达 接^:侧的信噪比;
确定单元, 用于根据所述获得单元所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达 接收侧的信噪比, 确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径;
发送单元, 用于所述确定单元所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波 束成形处理, 并发射到接收侧。
在上述方案中, 所述获得单元, 用于找到能够进行数据传输的各空间 路径, 并得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数, 计算各空间 路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数与 UE的链路信噪比的乘积,得到各 空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比。
在上述方案中, 所述确定单元, 用于将所述获得单元所得到各空间路 径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比与预先配置的信噪比门限值进行比较, 并将上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于所述信噪比门限值的各空间路径确 定为用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径。
在上述方案中, 所述发送单元, 用于得到所述确定单元所确定用于进 行当前数据传输的各空间路径的发射权值, 并对所述各空间路径上的数据 流进行编码、 调制、 加载各层的专用导频, 根据所得到的发射权值, 对所 述各空间路径上的数据流进行加权处理后, 发送给接收侧。
本发明的多径波束成形方法及实现多径波束成形的 UE, UE根据各路 径上数据流到达接收侧的信噪比, 确定能够进行传输的数据流, 再对能够 传输的数据流进行波束成形处理后发送, 给出了一种适用于釆用 FDD技术 的通信系统上行使用多个路径进行数据传输的波束成形方案, 可以为一个 用户同时发送多个数据流, 在上行单用户 FDD系统中利用多条路径传输数 据流,实现了波束成行的多流传输,增加了用户终端和 FDD系统的吞吐量。 附图说明
图 1为本发明多径波束成形方法的实现流程图;
图 2为本发明一种实施例中实现多径波束成形过程的示意图; 图 3为图 2所示实施例的具体实现流程图。 具体实施方式
在频分双工 (FDD, Frequency Division Duplexing ) 的 MIMO系统中, 上行信道与下行信道处于不同频段, 上行信道与下行信道不具有互易性, 终端侧也就不能够通过获得上行信道矩阵, 再对得到的信道矩阵做特征值 分解, 来得到波束成形发射权值, 只能使用角度类的波束成形方法。
本发明的基本思想是: 对于釆用 FDD技术的 MIMO系统, UE侧从能 够进行数据传输的多个空间路径中选择上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比满足 设定要求的部分空间路径, 确定为进行数据传输的空间路径, 再通过所确 定各空间路径进行数据流传输, 从而可以为一个用户同时发送多个数据流。
本发明的多径波束成形方法, 适用于釆用 TDD技术的通信系统, 如釆 用 TDD技术的 MIMO系统, 参照图 1所示, 主要包括以下步骤:
步骤 101 : UE得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达接 4t侧的信噪比;
步骤 102: 所述 UE根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信 噪比, 确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径;
步骤 103: 所述 UE对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形处 理, 并发射到接收侧。
这里, 所述接收侧一般为基站侧。
其中, 步骤 101中, UE得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信 号到达接收侧信噪比的过程, 包括: UE找到能够进行数据传输的各空间路 径, 并得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数, 计算各空间路 径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数与自身链路信噪比的乘积, 得到各空 间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比。
这里, UE可以根据下行公共导频, 估计下行信号功率达到峰值的方向 角, 所估计得到的各方向角对应的空间路径即为能够进行数据传输的空间 路径, 并根据各空间路径的方向角得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧 的增益倍数。
其中, 步骤 102中, 所述 UE根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接 收侧的信噪比, 确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径, 可以为: 所述 UE 将所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比与预先配置的信噪比 门限值进行比较, 并将上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于所述信噪比门限 值的各空间路径确定为用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径。
这里, 信噪比门限值可以设置为接收侧正确块率达到仿真评估的门限 值 P时的接收信噪比*^^ , 这里, 接收侧的正确块率为 1减去接收侧的误 块率(BLER, Block Error Ratio )得到的差值, P的优选值为 70%。 实际 应用中, 对于每个信道传输场景, 可以通过仿真测试, 得到接收侧误块率 与信噪比的关系, 具体过程是本领域常用技术手段, 在此不再赘述。
其中, 步骤 103中, 所述 UE对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波 束成形处理, 并发射到接收侧的过程, 包括: 所述 UE得到所确定用于进行 当前数据传输的各空间路径的发射权值, 并对所述各空间路径上的数据流 进行编码、 调制、 加载各层的专用导频, 根据所得到的发射权值, 对所述 各空间路径上的数据流进行加权处理后, 发送给接收侧。
这里,所述 UE得到所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路径的发射 权值,可以包括: 所述 UE根据所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路径 的方向角, 得到所述各空间路径的发射权值, 再对所得到的发射权值进行 正交化处理、 以及归一化之后, 得到相互正交的、 且模值为 1的发射权值。
相应的, 本发明还提供了一种实现多径波束成形的 UE, 所述 UE可以 包括: 获得单元、 确定单元和发送单元; 其中, 获得单元, 用于得到能够 进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比; 确定单元, 用于根据所述获得单元所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪 比, 确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径; 发送单元, 用于所述确定单 元所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形处理, 并发射到接收侧。
其中, 所述获得单元可以用于, 找到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径, 并得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数, 计算各空间路径的 上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数与 UE的链路信噪比的乘积,得到各空间路 径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比。
其中, 所述确定单元可以用于, 将所述获得单元所得到各空间路径的 上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比与预先配置的信噪比门限值进行比较, 并将 上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于所述信噪比门限值的各空间路径确定为 用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径。
其中, 所述发送单元可以用于, 得到所述确定单元所确定用于进行当 前数据传输的各空间路径的发射权值, 并对所述各空间路径上的数据流进 行编码、 调制、 加载各层的专用导频, 根据所得到的发射权值, 对所述各 空间路径上的数据流进行加权处理后, 发送给接收侧。
图 2为本发明 TDD系统多层波束成形实现过程的一种具体实施例, 参 照图 3所示, 图 2所示波束成形过程的具体实现流程可以包括如下步骤: 步骤 301 : UE根据来自基站侧的下行信号的下行公共导频, 估计得到 来自基站的下行信号功率峰值的多个方向角, 即得到能够用于数据传输的 多个空间路径, 本实施例中, 估计得到 f 个方向角, 分别记为 DOAl、
DOA2 DOAf, 即得到 f个能够用于数据传输的空间路径。
实际应用 中 , 可以釆用多重分类 ( MUSIC , Multiple Signal Classification ), CAPON等算法来估计得到下行信号功率峰值的方向角。
步骤 302: UE估计得到所述 f个空间路径的信号峰值, 同时检测得到 各信号的信号强度,得到 f个空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数 4
^.. , 根据得到的增益倍数, 得到 f 个空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧 的信噪比;
这里, 通过下行信号估计得到的第一条径的信号到达接收端的增益倍 数为 4 ; 第二条径的信号到达接收端的增益倍数为 4 ; ... ...; 第 f条径的信 号到达接收端的增益倍数为 。
根据得到的 f 个空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧时的增益倍数 4
^ .. , 得到各路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比如下: 路径 1 的上行 信号到达接收侧的信噪比为 SNRTX A , 路径 2的上行信号到达接收侧的信 噪比为 SNRTX * , ... ... , 路径 f 的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比为
SNRTX * ,
这里, UE作为发射侧, 其链路信噪比^^^为已知值, 预先配置到 UE 中。
步骤 303: UE将所得到 f个空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比 与预先设置的信噪比门限值 SNRRx进行比较, 得到上行信号到达接收侧的信 噪比大于信噪比门限值 SNRRX的空间路径为方向角为 DOA1、 DOA2
DOAk的 k个空间路径, 确定通过这 k个空间路径进行数据传输;
这里, UE将得到的 f个空间路径中上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比与预 先配置的信噪比门限值^^ ^进行比较, 上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于 预先配置的信噪比门限值 SNRRx时, 此路径上传输的数据流在接收侧能够得 到正常解码, UE确定可以釆用该路径进行数据流的传输。 在图 2所示的一 种具体实施例中, 有 k个路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于信噪比 门限值 SW^ , 此时, UE决定通过这 k个路径进行数据流的传输。
步骤 304: UE根据 k个空间路径的方向角 DOA1、 DOA2 DOAk, 得到对应的 k列发射权值 Wl、 W2 Wk , 其中, Wl权值矢量对应 的波束方向为方向角 DOA1 , W2 权值矢量对应的波束方向为方向角 DOA2 , ... ... , Wk权值矢量对应的波束方向为方向角 DOAk。
步骤 305: UE对所得到的 k列发射权值 Wl、 W2 Wk进行正交 化处理, 再进行归一化, 得到相互正交的且模值为 1 的发射权值 Wl、 W2, Wk,;
这里, 发射权值 W2' Wk'与 W2 Wk所对应的波束的方向 基本相同, 性能相近, 进行正交化处理的优势在于, 正交处理后的发射权 值 Wl、 W2, Wk,之间两两相互正交, 有利于减少数据流之间的干扰, 之后, 可以用正交处理后的发射权值 W2, ...Wk,代替上述的发射权值 W2 Wk, 对第 2个至第 k个空间路径上的数据流进行加权。
步骤 306: UE对发射方向为 DOAl~DOAk的数据流进行编码、 调制。 步骤 307: UE对发射方向为 DOAl~DOAk的数据流分别加载各层对应 的专用导频( DRS , Dedicated Reference Signal );
这里, DRS会预先配置在 UE和接收侧。
步骤 308: UE根据在步骤 305得到的发射权值 Wl、 W2, Wk' , 分别对发射方向为 DOAl~DOAk的数据流进行加权处理后, 将发射方向为 DOAl-DOAk 的数据流映射到发射天线, 并通过发射天线的天线端口进行 发送, 完成波束赋形过程。
步骤 309: 作为接收侧的基站侧通过自身的接收天线接收发射方向为 DOAl-DOAk的数据流, 并根据所接收数据流的专用导频进行信号解调。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进 等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种多径波束成形方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
用户设备(UE )得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达 接收侧的信噪比;
所述 UE根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比,确定 用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径;
所述 UE对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形处理,并发射 到接收侧。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的多径波束成形方法, 其特征在于, 所述 UE 得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧信噪比的过 程, 包括:
所述 UE找到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径,并得到各空间路径的上 行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数, 计算各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的 增益倍数与自身链路信噪比的乘积, 得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收 侧的信噪比。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的多径波束成形方法, 其特征在于, 所述 UE 根据所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比, 确定用于进行当 前数据传输的空间路径的过程, 为:
所述 UE将所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比与预先 配置的信噪比门限值进行比较, 并将上行信号到达接收侧的信噪比大于所 述信噪比门限值的各空间路径确定为用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径。
4、根据权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的多径波束成形方法,其特征在于, 所述 UE对所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波束成形处理,并发射到接 收侧的过程, 包括: 所述 UE得到所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路 径的发射权值, 并对所述各空间路径上的数据流进行编码、 调制、 加载各 层的专用导频, 根据所得到的发射权值, 对所述各空间路径上的数据流进 行加权处理后, 发送给接收侧。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的多径波束成形方法, 其特征在于, 所述 UE 得到所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路径的发射权值, 包括: 所述 UE根据所确定用于进行当前数据传输的各空间路径的方向角,得到所述各 空间路径的发射权值, 再对所得到的发射权值进行正交化处理、 以及归一 化之后, 得到相互正交的、 且模值为 1的发射权值。
6、 一种实现多径波束成形的 UE, 其特征在于, 所述 UE 包括: 获得 单元、 确定单元和发送单元; 其中,
获得单元, 用于得到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径的上行信号到达 接收侧的信噪比;
确定单元, 用于根据所述获得单元所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达 接收侧的信噪比, 确定用于进行当前数据传输的空间路径;
发送单元, 用于所述确定单元所确定空间路径上传输的数据流进行波 束成形处理, 并发射到接收侧。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的实现多径波束成形的 UE, 其特征在于, 所 述获得单元, 用于找到能够进行数据传输的各空间路径, 并得到各空间路 径的上行信号到达接收侧的增益倍数, 计算各空间路径的上行信号到达接 收侧的增益倍数与 UE的链路信噪比的乘积,得到各空间路径的上行信号到 达接收侧的信噪比。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的实现多径波束成形的 UE, 其特征在于, 所 述确定单元, 用于将所述获得单元所得到各空间路径的上行信号到达接收 侧的信噪比与预先配置的信噪比门限值进行比较, 并将上行信号到达接收 侧的信噪比大于所述信噪比门限值的各空间路径确定为用于进行当前数据 传输的空间路径。
9、 根据权利要求 6至 8任一项所述的实现多径波束成形的 UE, 其特 征在于, 所述发送单元, 用于得到所述确定单元所确定用于进行当前数据 传输的各空间路径的发射权值, 并对所述各空间路径上的数据流进行编码、 调制、 加载各层的专用导频, 根据所得到的发射权值, 对所述各空间路径 上的数据流进行加权处理后, 发送给接收侧。
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