WO2012056626A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012056626A1 WO2012056626A1 PCT/JP2011/005064 JP2011005064W WO2012056626A1 WO 2012056626 A1 WO2012056626 A1 WO 2012056626A1 JP 2011005064 W JP2011005064 W JP 2011005064W WO 2012056626 A1 WO2012056626 A1 WO 2012056626A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- lanthanum
- nickel
- side electrode
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/222—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on compounds containing nitrogen, e.g. hydrazine, ammonia
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- AFC alkaline type
- PEFC solid polymer type
- PAFC phosphoric acid type
- MCFC molten carbonate type
- SOFC solid electrolyte type
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell for example, an electrolyte layer made of an anion exchange membrane and a compound (cobalt and nickel) which are arranged opposite to each other with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween, and which contain hydrogen and nitrogen
- a fuel cell including a fuel-side electrode to which a fuel such as hydrazine is supplied and an oxygen-side electrode to which oxygen is supplied has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the power generation performance can be improved, but the fuel cannot be used with sufficient efficiency, and sufficient power generation performance cannot be ensured. There is a case.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell having excellent power generation performance in a fuel cell that contains a compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen as a fuel and uses an anion exchange membrane as an electrolyte layer.
- a fuel cell according to the present invention comprises an electrolyte layer, a fuel-side electrode that is disposed opposite to the electrolyte layer, to which fuel is supplied, and an oxygen-side electrode to which oxygen is supplied.
- the electrolyte layer is an anion exchange membrane
- the fuel contains a compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen
- the fuel side electrode contains lanthanum and nickel
- the lanthanum in the fuel side electrode The content ratio of is characterized by being 10 to 30 mol% with respect to the total mol of lanthanum and nickel.
- the fuel is hydrazines.
- the fuel-side electrode contains lanthanum and nickel, and the lanthanum content in the fuel-side electrode is 10 to 30% with respect to the total mole of lanthanum and nickel. Therefore, unlike the case where the fuel side electrode contains cobalt and nickel, it is possible to suppress the decomposition of the fuel due to the side reaction and improve the efficiency of use of the fuel, thereby improving the power generation performance. Can do.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a fuel cell of the present invention.
- the fuel cell 1 includes a fuel cell S, and the fuel cell S includes a fuel side electrode 2, an oxygen side electrode 3, and an electrolyte layer 4, and the fuel side electrode 2 and the oxygen side electrode 3. However, they are opposed to each other with the electrolyte layer 4 sandwiched therebetween.
- the fuel side electrode 2 is in opposed contact with one surface of the electrolyte layer 4.
- the fuel side electrode 2 includes lanthanum (La) and nickel (Ni) as metal catalysts.
- the metal catalyst include a mixture of lanthanum and nickel (mixed catalyst), an alloy of lanthanum and nickel (lanthanum-nickel alloy), a mixture of lanthanum, nickel, and lanthanum-nickel alloy. Can be mentioned.
- a dispersion containing a lanthanum salt and a nickel salt is prepared, then lanthanum and nickel are dried, and then calcined.
- a lanthanum salt and a nickel salt are dispersed in a solvent to prepare a dispersion.
- lanthanum salts include inorganic metal salts of lanthanum and organic metal salts of lanthanum.
- inorganic metal salt of lanthanum examples include inorganic acid salts such as sulfates, nitrates, and phosphates, such as chlorides and ammonium salts.
- lanthanum organometallic salts include lanthanum carboxylates such as acetates and propionates, for example, ⁇ -diketone compounds or ⁇ -ketoester compounds represented by the following general formula (1), and / or Examples thereof include a metal chelate complex of lanthanum formed from a ⁇ -dicarboxylic acid ester compound represented by the general formula (2).
- R 1 COCHR 3 COR 2 (1) (Wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group, and R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a fluoro having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) An alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) R 5 CH (COR 4 ) 2 (2) (In the formula, R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) In the general formula (1) and the general formula (2), examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R1, R2 and R4 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-
- alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of R3 and R5 examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl and the like.
- examples of the fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R1 and R2 include trifluoromethyl.
- examples of the aryl group for R1 and R2 include phenyl.
- examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of R1 include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy and the like.
- ⁇ -diketone compounds include, for example, 2,4-pentanedione, 2,4-hexanedione, 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione, 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione. 1-trifluoromethyl-1,3-butanedione, hexafluoroacetylacetone, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione, dipivaloylmethane and the like.
- ⁇ -ketoester compound More specific examples include methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, t-butyl acetoacetate and the like.
- ⁇ -dicarboxylic acid ester compound examples include dimethyl malonate and diethyl malonate.
- These lanthanum salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an inorganic metal salt of lanthanum is preferable, and an inorganic acid salt of lanthanum is more preferable.
- nickel salt examples include an inorganic metal salt of nickel and an organic metal salt of nickel.
- inorganic metal salt of nickel examples include inorganic acid salts such as sulfates, nitrates and phosphates, such as chlorides and ammonium salts.
- organometallic salt of nickel examples include, for example, nickel carboxylate formed from acetate, propionate, etc., for example, ⁇ -diketone compound or ⁇ -ketoester compound represented by the above general formula (1), and / or Alternatively, a metal chelate complex of nickel formed from a ⁇ -dicarboxylic acid ester compound represented by the general formula (2) can be used.
- nickel salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- nickel salt an inorganic metal salt of nickel is preferable, and an inorganic acid salt of nickel is more preferable.
- solvent examples include water, alcohols (eg, 2-propanol), ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran (THF)), ketones, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent includes water, alcohols, ethers and the like.
- the dispersion can be prepared by, for example, a method of blending a lanthanum salt and a nickel salt in a solvent, or a method of blending a mixture of a lanthanum salt and a solvent and a mixture of a nickel salt and a solvent, for example.
- the dispersion is prepared by a method of blending a mixture of a lanthanum salt and a solvent and a mixture of a nickel salt and a solvent.
- the lanthanum salt concentration of the mixture of the lanthanum salt and the solvent is, for example, 0.0001 to 1 mol / L, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mol / L.
- the nickel salt concentration of the mixture of nickel salt and solvent is, for example, 0.0001 to 1 mol / L, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mol / L.
- the concentration (total amount) of lanthanum salt and nickel salt is, for example, 0.0001 to 1 mol / L, preferably 0 0.01 to 0.1 mol / L.
- the solvent is removed from the obtained dispersion by a known method such as heat drying or vacuum freeze drying, and the compound containing lanthanum and nickel is dried. Preferably, it is freeze-dried in vacuum.
- the dispersion is, for example, at ⁇ 200 to 0 ° C., preferably ⁇ 196 to ⁇ 100 ° C., for example, for 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 20 to 40 minutes. Cool and freeze (pre-freeze).
- the solvent is sublimated from the frozen product under vacuum (specifically, for example, 0.1 to 100 Pa) to obtain a dried product.
- vacuum specifically, for example, 0.1 to 100 Pa
- temperature conditions can be operated (heating or cooling) as needed. In the case of temperature operation, the temperature condition is appropriately set as necessary.
- the obtained dried product is fired under a reducing atmosphere (for example, a H 2 / Ar mixed gas).
- a reducing atmosphere for example, a H 2 / Ar mixed gas
- the dried product is heated, for example, gradually and intermittently.
- the rate of temperature increase during heating is, for example, 0.1 to 20 ° C./min, preferably 1 to 12 ° C./min.
- the maximum temperature reached is, for example, 200 to 1200 ° C., preferably 600 to 900 ° C., and the holding time at the maximum temperature reached is, for example, 30 to 600 minutes, preferably 180 to 360 minutes.
- the metal catalyst for example, a lanthanum metal fine powder obtained as a commercial product, a nickel metal fine powder obtained as a commercial product, and a lanthanum-nickel alloy fine powder obtained as a commercial product if necessary. It is also possible to use a mixture obtained by mixing powder.
- lanthanum (lanthanum metal atom) and nickel (nickel metal atom) are always contained, and the content ratio of lanthanum (lanthanum-nickel alloy) with respect to the total mole of lanthanum and nickel. 10 to 30 mol%, preferably 10 to 20 mol%, more preferably 10 to 15 mol%, and nickel (containing lanthanum-nickel alloy). 70 to 90%, preferably 80 to 90% by mole, more preferably 75 to 90% by mole.
- the metal catalyst whose content rate of lanthanum and nickel is the said range can be manufactured by adjusting the compounding rate of lanthanum and nickel in the manufacturing method of a metal catalyst mentioned above, for example.
- a lanthanum salt and a nickel salt are mixed with lanthanum (a lanthanum metal atom) in which the number of moles of lanthanum (a lanthanum metal atom) is included in the lanthanum salt Atoms) and the total moles of nickel (nickel metal atoms) contained in the nickel salt so as to have the above ratio.
- the metal catalyst can also be produced by supporting lanthanum and nickel obtained as described above on carbon.
- a porous carbon support is blended together with a lanthanum salt and a nickel salt.
- the lanthanum and nickel are used in such a manner that the lanthanum and nickel supported on the carbon are, for example, 0.1 to 50 weights with respect to the total amount of lanthanum, nickel and carbon. %, Preferably 5 to 40% by weight.
- the formation of the fuel side electrode 2 from such a metal catalyst is not particularly limited, but for example, a membrane-electrode assembly is formed.
- the membrane-electrode assembly can be formed by a known method. For example, first, the above-described metal catalyst and electrolyte solution are mixed, and if necessary, an appropriate solvent such as alcohol is added to adjust the viscosity, thereby preparing a dispersion of the above-described metal catalyst. Next, the dispersion is coated on the surface of the electrolyte layer 4 (anion exchange membrane), thereby fixing the above-described metal catalyst on the surface of the electrolyte layer 4.
- the amount of metal catalyst used is, for example, 0.01 to 5 mg / cm 2 .
- a supplied compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen (hereinafter referred to as “fuel compound”) and a hydroxide ion (OH ⁇ ) that has passed through the electrolyte layer 4 are supplied.
- fuel compound a supplied compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen
- OH ⁇ hydroxide ion
- the oxygen side electrode 3 is in opposed contact with the other surface of the electrolyte layer 4.
- this oxygen side electrode 3 is not specifically limited, For example, it forms as a porous electrode with which a catalyst is carry
- the catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it has a catalytic action for generating hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ) from oxygen (O 2 ) and water (H 2 O), as will be described later.
- Platinum group elements Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt
- periodic table elements 8 to 10 VIII
- iron group elements Fe, Co, Ni
- Cu Ag
- Ag Ag
- Au for example
- the 11th (IB) group element of a periodic table, etc., these combinations, etc. are mentioned further.
- Co is preferable.
- the supported amount of the catalyst is, for example, 0.1 to 10 mg / cm 2 , preferably 0.1 to 5 mg / cm 2 .
- the catalyst is preferably supported on carbon.
- the formation of the oxygen side electrode 3 from such a catalyst is not particularly limited.
- a membrane-electrode assembly is formed in the same manner as the fuel side electrode 2 described above.
- the supplied oxygen (O 2 ), water (H 2 O), and the electrons (e ⁇ ) that have passed through the external circuit 13 are reacted to generate hydroxide. Ion (OH ⁇ ) is generated.
- the electrolyte layer 4 is formed from an anion exchange membrane.
- the anion exchange membrane is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium capable of moving hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ) generated at the oxygen side electrode 3 from the oxygen side electrode 3 to the fuel side electrode 2.
- Examples thereof include a solid polymer membrane (anion exchange resin) having an anion exchange group such as a quaternary ammonium group or a pyridinium group.
- the fuel battery cell S further includes a fuel supply member 5 and an oxygen supply member 6.
- the fuel supply member 5 is made of a gas-impermeable conductive member, and one surface thereof is in opposed contact with the fuel-side electrode 2.
- the fuel supply member 5 is formed with a fuel-side flow path 7 for bringing fuel into contact with the entire fuel-side electrode 2 as a distorted groove recessed from one surface.
- the fuel-side flow path 7 has a supply port 8 and a discharge port 9 that pass through the fuel supply member 5 formed continuously at the upstream end and the downstream end, respectively.
- the oxygen supply member 6 is made of a gas-impermeable conductive member, and one surface thereof is opposed to the oxygen side electrode 3.
- the oxygen supply member 6 is also formed with an oxygen-side flow channel 10 for contacting oxygen (air) with the entire oxygen-side electrode 3 as a distorted groove recessed from one surface.
- the oxygen-side flow path 10 also has a supply port 11 and a discharge port 12 that pass through the oxygen supply member 6 continuously formed at the upstream end portion and the downstream end portion thereof.
- the fuel cell 1 is actually formed as a stack structure in which a plurality of the above-described fuel cells S are stacked. Therefore, the fuel supply member 5 and the oxygen supply member 6 are actually configured as separators in which the fuel side flow path 7 and the oxygen side flow path 10 are formed on both surfaces.
- the fuel cell 1 is provided with a current collector plate formed of a conductive material, and an electromotive force generated in the fuel cell 1 is taken out from a terminal provided on the current collector plate. It is configured to be able to.
- the fuel supply member 5 and the oxygen supply member 6 of the fuel cell S are connected by an external circuit 13, and a voltmeter 14 is interposed in the external circuit 13 to generate the fuel cell S.
- the voltage can also be measured.
- the fuel containing the fuel compound is directly supplied without going through reforming or the like.
- the fuel compound it is preferable that hydrogen is directly bonded to nitrogen. Further, the fuel compound preferably has a nitrogen-nitrogen bond, and preferably does not have a carbon-carbon bond. Further, it is preferable that the number of carbons is as small as possible (zero if possible).
- such a fuel compound may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, etc. within a range not impairing its performance, and more specifically, a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a hydrate, a sulfonic acid group or a sulfuric acid group. It may be contained as a salt or the like.
- hydrazine (NH 2 NH 2 ), hydrazine hydrate (NH 2 NH 2 .H 2 O), and hydrazine carbonate ((NH 2 NH).
- hydrazine sulfate (NH 2 NH 2 ⁇ H 2 SO 4), monomethyl hydrazine (CH 3 NHNH 2), dimethylhydrazine ((CH 3) 2 NNH 2 , CH 3 NHNHCH 3), a carboxylic hydrazide ( Hydrazines such as (NHNH 2 ) 2 CO), eg urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ), eg ammonia (NH 3 ), eg imidazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 3-amino-1,2, heterocyclic compounds such as 4-triazoles, e.g., hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH), hydroxylamine sulfate (NH OH ⁇ H 2 SO 4), and the like hydroxylamines such.
- Such fuel compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hydrazines are used.
- hydrazine (NH 2 NH 2 ), hydrazine hydrate (NH 2 NH 2 .H 2 O), hydrazine sulfate (NH 2 NH 2 .H 2 SO 4 ) , Ammonia (NH 3 ), hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH), and hydroxylamine sulfate (NH 2 OH ⁇ H 2 SO 4 ) are durable because there is no poisoning of the catalyst by CO as in the case of hydrazine reaction described later Can be improved and substantially zero emission can be realized.
- the fuel compound exemplified above may be used as it is, but the fuel compound exemplified above is used as a solution such as water and / or alcohol (for example, lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol). Can be used.
- the concentration of the fuel compound in the solution varies depending on the type of the fuel compound, but is, for example, 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight.
- the above fuel compound can be used as a gas (for example, steam).
- the generated electrons (e ⁇ ) are moved from the fuel supply member 5 to the oxygen supply member 6 via the external circuit 13 and supplied to the oxygen side electrode 3.
- An electromotive force is generated by such an electrochemical reaction in the fuel side electrode 2 and the oxygen side electrode 3, and power generation is performed.
- the one-stage reaction can be expressed by the following reaction formulas (1) to (3) as a fuel side electrode 2, an oxygen side electrode 3 and the whole. it can.
- (1) NH 2 NH 2 + 4OH ⁇ ⁇ 4H 2 O + N 2 + 4e ⁇ (fuel side electrode) (2) O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e ⁇ ⁇ 4OH ⁇ (oxygen side electrode) (3) NH 2 NH 2 + O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O + N 2 (whole)
- the two-stage reaction can be expressed by the following reaction formulas (4) to (7) as the fuel side electrode 2, the oxygen side electrode 3, and the whole.
- the fuel-side electrode 2 always contains lanthanum and nickel as metal catalysts, and the lanthanum content is based on the total moles of lanthanum and nickel. 10 to 30 mol%.
- This metal catalyst suppresses the decomposition reaction of the fuel (hydrazine in the above example) (decomposition reaction represented by the above formula (4)) and directly reacts with the hydroxide ion (OH ⁇ ) of the fuel (the above formula ( The reaction shown in 1) can be promoted. Therefore, it is possible to improve fuel utilization efficiency and suppress the amount of heat generation, and consequently improve power generation performance.
- the operating conditions of the fuel cell 1 are not particularly limited.
- the pressure on the fuel side electrode 2 side is 200 kPa or less, preferably 100 kPa or less, and the pressure on the oxygen side electrode 3 side is 200 kPa or less.
- the pressure is 100 kPa or less
- the temperature of the fuel battery cell S is set to 0 to 120 ° C., preferably 20 to 80 ° C.
- Applications of the fuel cell of the present invention include, for example, power sources for driving motors in automobiles, ships, airplanes, etc., and power sources in communication terminals such as mobile phones.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of metal salt solution> The following metal salt solution was prepared with an autosampler (manufactured by GILSON, GX-271LH).
- Nickel nitrate (Ni (NO 3 ) 2 ) aqueous solution (concentration 0.045 mol / L) ⁇ Preparation of mixed dispersion>
- an autosampler manufactured by GILSON, GX-271LH
- 1.874 mL of a lanthanum nitrate aqueous solution 4.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol in terms of lanthanum nitrate
- 8.994 mL of an aqueous nickel nitrate solution 4.0 ⁇ 10 in terms of nickel nitrate) -4 mol.
- the total concentration of the metal salt that is, the concentration (total amount) of lanthanum nitrate and nickel nitrate is 0.041 mol / L, and the charged content is lanthanum with respect to the total mole of lanthanum and nickel.
- the concentration (total amount) of lanthanum nitrate and nickel nitrate is 0.041 mol / L, and the charged content is lanthanum with respect to the total mole of lanthanum and nickel.
- a carbon carrier manufactured by Lion, ECP-600JD
- the weight ratio (total amount) of lanthanum and nickel was 30% by weight with respect to the total amount of the carbon support, lanthanum and nickel.
- a homogenizer manufactured by Taitec, VP-050
- a homogenizer manufactured by Taitec, VP-050
- a dispersion slurry
- a homogenizer manufactured by Taitec, VP-050
- a dispersion slurry
- ⁇ Preliminary freezing> The dispersion was cooled with liquid nitrogen ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) for 30 minutes at atmospheric pressure and frozen.
- ⁇ Vacuum freeze-drying> Using a vacuum freeze dryer (Labconco, model FZ-12), the temperature was controlled according to the drying program shown in Table 1 to sublimate the solvent. Thereby, a dried product was obtained.
- Example 2 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 A metal catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the aqueous lanthanum nitrate solution and the aqueous nickel nitrate solution was as shown in Table 3.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 8 in Example 1 and Comparative Example 8, several drops (1 to 5 drops) of ethanol were blended in order to mix the carbon carrier uniformly.
- Comparative Example 8 (catalyst containing only nickel) is shown as a reference line.
- the metal catalyst of each example had a lower oxidation starting potential and excellent power generation performance than the metal catalyst of each comparative example.
- Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7 the results of activity evaluation in Measurement i and Measurement iii were the same value.
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Abstract
Description
(式中、R1は、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキル基またはアリール基を示し、R2は、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキル基、アリール基または炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基を示し、R3は、水素原子または炭素数1~4のアルキル基を示す。)
R5CH(COR4)2 (2)
(式中、R4は、炭素数1~6のアルキル基を示し、R5は、水素原子または炭素数1~4のアルキル基を示す。)
上記一般式(1)および上記一般式(2)中、R1、R2およびR4の炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、t-アミル、t-ヘキシルなどが挙げられる。また、R3およびR5の炭素数1~4のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチルなどが挙げられる。
(1) NH2NH2+4OH-→4H2O+N2+4e- (燃料側電極)
(2) O2+2H2O+4e-→4OH- (酸素側電極)
(3) NH2NH2+O2→2H2O+N2 (全体)
また、二段反応は、燃料側電極2、酸素側電極3および全体として、次の反応式(4)~(7)で表すことができる。
(4) NH2NH2→2H2+N2 (分解反応;燃料側電極)
(5) H2+2OH-→2H2O+2e- (燃料側電極)
(6) 1/2O2+H2O+2e-→2OH- (酸素側電極)
(7) H2+1/2O2→H2O (全体)
上記反応式(4)に示すように、二段反応では、ヒドラジン(NH2NH2)が、一旦、水素(H2)と窒素(N2)とに分解するので、その分解反応のためのエネルギーロスを生じる。そのため、二段反応の一段反応に対する割合が多くなると、燃料利用効率の低下や発熱量の増加を招き、ひいては、発電性能の低下が不可避となる。
<金属塩溶液の調製>
オートサンプラー(GILSON製、GX-271LH)にて、下記金属塩溶液を調製した。
・硝酸ランタン(La(NO3)3)水溶液(濃度0.024mol/L)
・硝酸ニッケル(Ni(NO3)2)水溶液(濃度0.045mol/L)
<混合分散液の調製>
オートサンプラー(GILSON製、GX-271LH)にて、硝酸ランタン水溶液1.874mL(硝酸ランタン換算で4.5×10-5mol)および硝酸ニッケル水溶液8.994mL(硝酸ニッケル換算で4.0×10-4mol)を混合した。
<予備凍結>
分散液を、大気圧下、液体窒素(-196℃)で30分間冷却し、凍結させた。
<真空凍結乾燥>
真空凍結乾燥器(Labconco製、FZ-12型)にて、表1に示す乾燥プログラムに従って温度操作し、溶剤を昇華させた。これにより、乾燥物を得た。
ガスフロー焼成炉(ラウンドサイエンス製)にて、乾燥物を、H2/Ar混合気体(H2/Ar=10/90(体積比))の存在下において、表2に示す焼成プログラムに従って温度操作し、焼成した。これにより、金属触媒を得た。
硝酸ランタン水溶液および硝酸ニッケル水溶液の配合割合を、表3に示す通りとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、金属触媒を得た。
各実施例および各比較例により得られた金属触媒からなる燃料側電極について、それぞれのテストピースを作製して、活性を測定した。
<テストピースの作成>
まず、各実施例および各比較例の金属触媒0.005g、純水4mL、2-プロパノール0.75mLを混ぜ、超音波分散器にて10分間、分散処理した。
<活性測定>
各テストピースを用い、また、電解液として1MのKOHと1M水加ヒドラジンとの混合液を用いて、ヒドラジンの酸化活性を評価した。
(測定i(耐久試験前))
電位幅;-0.13V~0.22V (vs. 水素可逆電位(RHE))
走査速度;5mV/s
測定温度;60℃
参照電極;Zn/ZnO(0.43V vs.RHE(60℃)/1MKOH)
補助電極;Ptワイヤー
サイクル数;6サイクル
(測定ii(耐久試験))
電位幅;-0.13V~0.22V (vs. 水素可逆電位(RHE))
走査速度;20mV/s
測定温度;60℃
参照電極;Zn/ZnO(0.43V vs.RHE(60℃)/1MKOH)
補助電極;Ptワイヤー
サイクル数;100サイクル
(測定iii(耐久試験後))
電位幅;-0.13V~0.22V (vs. 水素可逆電位(RHE))
走査速度;5mV/s
測定温度;60℃
参照電極;Zn/ZnO(0.43V vs.RHE(60℃)/1MKOH)
補助電極;Ptワイヤー
サイクル数;6サイクル
測定i(耐久試験前)および測定iii(耐久試験後)における活性評価の結果を、図2に示す。
3 酸素側電極
4 電解質層
S 燃料電池セル
Claims (2)
- 電解質層と、前記電解質層を挟んで対向配置され、燃料が供給される燃料側電極、および、酸素が供給される酸素側電極とを備える燃料電池において、
前記電解質層は、アニオン交換膜であり、
前記燃料は、少なくとも水素および窒素を含有する化合物を含み、
前記燃料側電極は、ランタンとニッケルとを含み、
前記燃料側電極におけるランタンの含有割合が、ランタンとニッケルとの総モルに対して、10~30モル%であること
を特徴とする、燃料電池。 - 前記燃料が、ヒドラジン類であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
Priority Applications (3)
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US13/876,626 US20130189603A1 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2011-09-09 | Fuel cell |
CN2011800472558A CN103140973A (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2011-09-09 | 燃料电池 |
DE112011103583T DE112011103583T5 (de) | 2010-10-27 | 2011-09-09 | Brennstoffzelle |
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JP2010241273A JP2012094390A (ja) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | 燃料電池 |
JP2010-241273 | 2010-10-27 |
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Family
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US (1) | US20130189603A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2012094390A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103140973A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112011103583T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012056626A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2012129191A (ja) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-07-05 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JP2016081840A (ja) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-16 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
Families Citing this family (9)
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CN104616912B (zh) * | 2015-01-26 | 2017-12-22 | 湖北大学 | 电解液及其超级电容器 |
JP7154918B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-10-18 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US11994061B2 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2024-05-28 | Amogy Inc. | Methods for reforming ammonia |
US11724245B2 (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2023-08-15 | Amogy Inc. | Integrated heat exchanger reactors for renewable fuel delivery systems |
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US11539063B1 (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2022-12-27 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods for processing hydrogen |
US11912574B1 (en) | 2022-10-06 | 2024-02-27 | Amogy Inc. | Methods for reforming ammonia |
US11866328B1 (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2024-01-09 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods for processing ammonia |
US11795055B1 (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2023-10-24 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods for processing ammonia |
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- 2010-10-27 JP JP2010241273A patent/JP2012094390A/ja active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-09-09 CN CN2011800472558A patent/CN103140973A/zh active Pending
- 2011-09-09 US US13/876,626 patent/US20130189603A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-09 WO PCT/JP2011/005064 patent/WO2012056626A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-09-09 DE DE112011103583T patent/DE112011103583T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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JP2004288378A (ja) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-10-14 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | アルカリ型燃料電池用燃料極及び該燃料極を使用する燃料電池 |
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JP2007073252A (ja) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-22 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | 燃料電池用の電極構造 |
JP2010225471A (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-10-07 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
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JP2016081840A (ja) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-16 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
Also Published As
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US20130189603A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
JP2012094390A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
DE112011103583T5 (de) | 2013-09-05 |
CN103140973A (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
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