WO2012056255A1 - Procédé de cartographie et de contrôle de surfaces de tunnels pendant le projet de construction - Google Patents

Procédé de cartographie et de contrôle de surfaces de tunnels pendant le projet de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012056255A1
WO2012056255A1 PCT/GR2011/000040 GR2011000040W WO2012056255A1 WO 2012056255 A1 WO2012056255 A1 WO 2012056255A1 GR 2011000040 W GR2011000040 W GR 2011000040W WO 2012056255 A1 WO2012056255 A1 WO 2012056255A1
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cross
point
section
calculated
points
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PCT/GR2011/000040
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English (en)
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Seraphim Amvrazis
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Seraphim Amvrazis
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Publication of WO2012056255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012056255A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C7/00—Tracing profiles
    • G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels

Definitions

  • the invention is reported in the industry of manufacture of opening up of tunnels.
  • the calculation of method can be realized with the support of computer.
  • Aim is the direct and generalized revelation of problematic regions in a single drawing. With this way can be achieved directed fast re-establishment in the surfaces that present big overbreaks, as well as in the underbreak surfaces. In this way does not exist the need of diagnosis of thousands of cross-sections that is, in effect, until now.
  • mapping regions contributes in the forecast and evasion of future situations that are critical for the quality, the safety, and the cost of manufacture.
  • the calculation forecasts virtual primary measurements in the space of the tunnel, and calculates the projective development of the virtual primary measurements as it is reported in paragraph 1, so that is attributed the mapping of projection of future excavations of forecast.
  • the calculation of virtual primary measurements of excavation depends from the number of the topographic measurement points of the excavations with explosions that were realized in the past, with specific geologic grouping criteria.
  • the engineers of manufacture should define the geologic grouping criteria.
  • the conditions of the geologic grouping criteria are:
  • Aim of forecast of excavations is to give a solution for the technical issue for all experts of the subject in world level.
  • the technical issue that concerns the engineers in the frames of manufactures of tunnels is because until now does not exist a method of forecast of explosions that would calculate and determine future cross-sections of excavations in the real space of a tunnel, mapped to the projective development.
  • As a consequence of the problem is that there are not visual estimates of blasting before they are made. They thus are increased considerably cases of the estimate errors of quantity of explosives that should be used, as well as the length of perforation.
  • Aim of statistical analysis of excavations is to determine the suitable quantity of explosives that will be used for a blasting.
  • the advantage of transformation is that the observer having the ground plan of mapping can read the analysis that includes all the real width of the developed cylindrical cross-sections.
  • the method of mapping of control of surfaces of tunnels in projective development can be also used like a controlling tool from study services, from government manufacture services, and central offices of big constructional companies where worldwide will be able check the cost, the progress and the quality at the same time in each manufacture of a tunnel.
  • the method of mapping and control of surfaces of tunnels is based on the reception of topographic points from the total station.
  • drawing 1 the primary measurements of points of a cross-section in the surface of a tunnel.
  • drawing 2 the transformation of the cross- section that results afterwards from the calculation of the projective development of the primary points of the cross-section.
  • drawing 2 is presented a theoretical cross-section which includes the following geometric elements:
  • drawing 3 is presented a case of a final attribution of method of mapping and control of surfaces of tunnels in projective development.
  • drawing 6 is presented the three-dimensional case of forecast of excavations as it results from the calculation of the virtual primary surveys of an excavation in the space of the tunnel.
  • drawing 7 is presented a cross-section of an excavation with an explosion that was realized in the past.
  • drawing 8 is presented a cross-section of excavation with an explosion that was realized in the past, and it has the same geology with the cross-section of drawing 7.
  • drawing 12 is presented the cross-section that results from the statistical analysis of forecast of future excavations with explosions.
  • the statistical analysis forecasts the case of reduction of explosive quantities aiming at the better possible approach of future excavations, avoiding thus big overbreaks in the surface of the tunnel.
  • the particular drawing presents again the optical output of cross-section of drawing 9 that results from the reduction of quantity of explosives concerning the quantities that have been realized. It is obvious the reduction of overbreaks that can be created. It then is calculated again the projective transformation as in drawing 10.
  • the aim is the collection of the specific elements so that can be calculated the development of projection.
  • the calculation of the requested elements above can be calculated from any topographic software of road construction.
  • the algorithm of calculation can be realized with the help of a computer.
  • the calculation of Y can become provided when the altitude of axis of road construction is known. That is to say, from the longitudinal profile where has become the projection of points.
  • the theoretical cross-section belongs in the two-dimensional space (x, y), and the primary surveys emanate from the absolute three-dimensional space (x, y, z). It afterwards will be supposed it is fixed as X on the cross-section the distance of point from the axis (receiving the aspect that the sign is left or right according to the serial flow of the alignment), and as Y the difference of (Z of point - Z of road construction), that is to say - 0.449m.
  • STEP 2 Grouping of measurement points in the cross-section.
  • the next step is to calculate the azimuth between the center of the third circle right where the point of measurement belongs, and the point of measurement.
  • the coordinates of the center of the third right circle are known.
  • the next step is to calculate the correct azimuth that will be used for the projective development of the cross-section. That is to say : If the corner AZp is greater than 1 OOgrads, that is to say, greater than the first quadrant of the circle, then it will be as result AZp-400.
  • the next step is to calculate the real length from the beginning of the upper hypsometric level hi of the arc that belongs on the third right circle, up to the point of measurement with code 2579. (Drawing 2)
  • the length of arc That is to say, the length of arc from the upper hypsometric level of arc hi that it belongs on the third right circle, until the point of measurement that belongs also on this circle.
  • the third right circle is the continuity of the top circle and the second right circle.
  • Lm Total length of arc
  • Lm Drawing 2
  • First must be calculated the lengths of the two arcs that precede from the arc where the point belongs, and their length sum will be added in the result that was calculated in Step 6.
  • L3 2.30.
  • azimuth AZ3 The value of azimuth AZ3 will be found from the difference of the azimuth of the lower level of the arc of the third right circle, and the azimuth of the lower level of the arc of the second right circle.
  • Absolute azimuth AZ1 of point of measurement from the axis. (Drawing 1 figure 7) By calculating the azimuth concerning the development, can be calculated rightly and absolute the projective mapping according to the direction of the tunnel axis. In order to calculate the absolute azimuth it will be supposed that is known the XO, YO, and the XI, Yl. Thus the calculation will be as follows:
  • the crowd of points that will be converted in cylindrical development will create the total mapping of the surface of a tunnel.
  • drawing 3 is presented a case of mapping that result from the projective transformation of the crowd of primary topographic points, and is visualized from ground terrain software.
  • figure 1 is presented the line of cross-section of example in projective development.
  • figure 3 are presented regions without bracing of type invert. The characteristic of those regions is that their width is smaller concerning the remaining mapping because the theoretical cross- section includes fewer arcs.
  • figure 2 is presented the axis of the tunnel in which the attribution of projective mapping is directed. It is presented also different chromatic areas as well as contour lines from the proportional altitudes of the points that results from the calculation of Z of points as it is reported in Step 4.
  • the values on the projective mapping are values in centimeters that result from the theoretical cross-section concerning the existing surface of a tunnel, in random areas of the map.
  • figure 1 is presented the projective development of a surface of a tunnel that results from the transformation of the crowd of the primary surveys from the total stations on the existing surface.
  • the primary surveys are presented in figure 6.
  • figure 3 is presented the line of the cross-section from the primary surveys.
  • the line of cross-section includes the point that was calculated in the steps 1-8.
  • figure 2 is presented the three-dimensional projective development of the line of the cross-section as it was calculated in Step 8.
  • figure 4 is presented the axis of the tunnel on which the attribution of mapping is directed.
  • figure 5 is presented the theoretical surface of the tunnel.
  • the acceleration of this working procedure contributes also to the reduction of cost of the manufacture. Furthermore, it contributes in the quality of manufacture. In the quality of manufacture contributes because the mapping reveals all the areas that need to be repaired and does not leave margins of omissions. Omissions from the existing methods are logical to exist, because of the thousands of cross-sections that are printed.
  • drawing 4 is presented a case of mapping that is visualized by software of terrain model creation.
  • the drawing presents the surfaces that exceed the limit of overbreaks (figure 2).
  • figure 1 is presented the line of cross-section of the example. Advantages of method of mapping and control of surfaces of tunnels in projective development.
  • Forecast of future excavations with explosions based according to the existing surface of excavations with explosions that were realized in the past.
  • the forecast of future excavations with explosions is based on the reception of topographic primary surveys that were realized in the tunnel in the frames of excavations with explosions. That is to say, by the topographic primary surveys that are realized, is surveyed the existing morphology of the forehead of a tunnel immediately after each explosion. That is to say, before the covering with concrete.
  • Aim of forecast of future excavations with explosions is the research of explosions that has been already realized in the past. They thus are investigating similar situations of the past, from the start of the manufacture presenting the problems.
  • Requested elements for the calculation of forecast of future excavations with explosions are based on the steps of 1 -8. Suppose that in two cross-sections of excavation with explosives and for each point on the cross section that has been surveyed, according to the Steps 1-5, the calculation of the following elements has been done:
  • Step 1 Calculation in the two-dimensional space (X, Y of cross-section).
  • Step 2 Grouping of measurement points on the cross-section.
  • Step 3 Distance from the center of the circle until the point of measurement.
  • Step 4 Calculation of Z of the points of measurement.
  • Step 5 Calculation of azimuth for each point on the cross-section.
  • the algorithm of calculation of forecast of future excavations with explosions can be realized with the help of a computer.
  • the geology of the forehead is constituted mainly by marble and will be realized perforation of length of three meters and will be used 200 kilos of explosives.
  • Step 3 the radius of each point is calculated.
  • the crowds of points from the two different cross-sections that are presented on the tables above belong to the top arc of the circle.
  • the lower hypsometric level of the left arc of the top circle has the azimuth - 60.120grads, and from right respectively 60.120grads. (Drawing 7, 8).
  • the radius of each point is the distance from the center of the circle on which they belong until the measured points. For example, suppose that it will be calculated the average of the radius of the points per lOgrads.
  • O.OOOgrads O.OOOgrads, lO.OOOgrads, 20.000grads, 30.000grads, 40.000grads, 50.000grads, 60.000grads.
  • the azimuthal determination should be determined from the engineers of manufacture.
  • the azimuthal determmation will be realized for each point that belongs to any circle.
  • the final results of the azimuthal determmation incorporate the cross-sections from the tables 1, 2 and create a single table with the average of the radius of the points from the two cross- sections per 1 Ograds.
  • the merging of cross-sections can be realized from unlimited cross-sections of topographic primary surveys that were realized on the past.
  • Table 3 emanates from the merging of the two cross-sections of drawings 7,8, which the elements of the topographic primary surveys that are constituted, were analyzed on tables 1,2.
  • the elements that present on the table 3 are the followings:
  • drawing 9 is presented in figure 1 the radius R2 of the points that resulted from the mean of radius of the points from the two cross-sections.
  • figure 3 of drawing 9 is presented the beginning of the lower level of the azimuth of the left arc that belongs to the top circle. This azimuth is - 60.120grads.
  • the figure 4 of drawing 9 is presented in figure 1 the radius R2 of the points that resulted from the mean of radius of the points from the two cross-sections.
  • the Z of points that results from the difference of the theoretical value of the radius that comes from the top circle.
  • figure 3 of drawing 9 is presented the beginning of the lower level of the azimuth of the left arc that belongs to the top circle. This azimuth is - 60.120grads.
  • the figure 4 of drawing 9 is
  • azimuth for the two points of the example will be 462.329grads.
  • Coordinates of the axis X0, Y0 where it has been selected by the responsible engineers of manufacture as the beginning of forecast of excavations.
  • the coordinates X0. Y0 is the vertical projection of the virtual points of forecast to the axis. (Drawing 1 figure 2).
  • X0 374258.762
  • Y0 4412377.287.
  • the absolute altitude of the forecasting point it will need to be found its vertical projection to the longitudinal profile of the road construction. That is to say, for the point is requested the altitude of road construction vertical in the axis in which it belongs.
  • the forecasting example as it is reported above is linear.
  • Step 6 will be calculated the development of the cross-section arcs.
  • Step 8 three-dimensional coordinates transformation for the attribution of mapping of cylindrical development of a tunnel
  • Step 8 three-dimensional coordinates transformation for the attribution of mapping of cylindrical development of a tunnel
  • the algorithm of the statistical analysis of forecast of excavations can be realized with the help of a computer.
  • the quantity of explosives that was used for the cross-section of drawing 7 is 200 kilos.
  • the quantity of explosives that was used for the cross-section of drawing 8 is 180 kilos.
  • drawing 12 is presented the cross-section of excavation as it results after the statistical analysis of forecast of excavations.
  • the difference concerning the cross-section of drawing 10 is obvious, and this difference concerns the morphology of surface of excavation.
  • figure 2 is presented the new Xa of the forecasting point that results according to the calculation above.
  • figure 6 is presented the new radius R3 of the forecasting points that results according to the calculation of statistical analysis of excavations with possible reduction in the quantity of explosives.
  • drawing 12 figure 4 is presented the azimuth Azp of the point that was used for the calculation.
  • the azimuth Azp remains same as in drawing 10 figure 2.
  • Step 6 will be calculated the development of the cross-section arcs.
  • the forecasting points belong to the top circle. So there is no other circle to precede from the forecasting points. So the rule of Step 7 will not be included in this calculation.
  • Step 8 three-dimensional coordinates transformation for the attribution of mapping of cylindrical development of a tunnel
  • X0, Y0 the vertical projection of the forecasting points to the axis.
  • X0 374258.762
  • Y0 4412377.287.
  • the new Z of the forecasting point was calculated above and emanates from the algorithm of the statistical analysis of forecast of excavations. It has value:

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de cartographie et de contrôle de surfaces de tunnels dans un développement de projet, le procédé pouvant être réalisé à l'aide d'un ordinateur. Le procédé est caractérisé par la réception des études primaires par l'ensemble des stations pendant la durée des phases de construction d'un tunnel. Il contribue à la prévision d'excavations futures en fonction de la surface existante d'excavations qui ont été réalisées dans le passé. Le contrôle technique actuel de tunnels en construction ne permet pas (en dehors des sections transversales classiques) un contrôle détaillé et global du projet. En conséquence, ceci contribue à une production de perte de qualité de projet, et, également à une mauvaise estimation des coûts pour une société de construction. Le procédé de cartographie et de contrôle de surfaces de tunnels dans un projet de développement calcule de façon cylindrique les points des études primaires avec une adaptation géométrique du rayon proportionnel de chaque section transversale théorique que l'on souhaite comparer à la surface existante d'un tunnel. Le développement de chaque arc de rayon différent avec des passages géométriques de l'espace proportionnel auquel appartient chaque point contribue à un développement complet et précis de la totalité de la longueur d'arcs de rayon jusqu'à chaque point de mesure. En résultat de la transformation, on obtiendra l'information complète dans toute la longueur et la largeur d'un tunnel. Le calcul de l'algorithme du procédé est effectué dans le but de faire apparaître de façon cylindrique, mais, également, absolument en tout point dans le tunnel, une information concernant le comportement futur d'explosions. Le comportement futur d'explosions examine les régions d'explosions qui ont été réalisées dans le passé. Il présente la façon dont pourrait se produire une explosion suivante en fonction des critères géologiques.
PCT/GR2011/000040 2010-10-25 2011-09-21 Procédé de cartographie et de contrôle de surfaces de tunnels pendant le projet de construction WO2012056255A1 (fr)

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