WO2012056041A1 - Microphone - Google Patents

Microphone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012056041A1
WO2012056041A1 PCT/EP2011/069114 EP2011069114W WO2012056041A1 WO 2012056041 A1 WO2012056041 A1 WO 2012056041A1 EP 2011069114 W EP2011069114 W EP 2011069114W WO 2012056041 A1 WO2012056041 A1 WO 2012056041A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
miniature microphones
microphone
microphones
miniature
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/069114
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tom-Fabian Frey
Manfred Hibbing
Original Assignee
Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2012056041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012056041A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microphone.
  • Microphones with directional properties are known, i. So-called directional microphones, with an electro-acoustic transducer and an acoustic delay element, i. Delay. In the standard version, these microphones have a directional characteristic determined by acoustic means. This can be, for example, a cardioid characteristic, which is also referred to as cardioid.
  • the electroacoustic transducer of such a directional microphone contains a membrane whose front and back is acted upon by the sound.
  • the front membrane is exposed to the sound directly, while the sound to the back of the membrane passes through an acoustic delay element.
  • the membrane is deflected by the difference of the sound pressures on the two sides of the membrane and causes, indirectly via the respective transducer principle, a corresponding electrical signal.
  • the acoustic delay is defined by one or more cavities, i. Air volume, and formed acoustic resistors, which usually consist of textile or Metallgazen and or or narrow air gaps.
  • a microphone with variable directivity in which the acoustic delay element is varied by mechanically changing and closing of acoustically effective openings.
  • this method is particularly complicated and therefore represents a singular solution.
  • Doppelkapselmikrofone with two microphone capsules with different and or or differently oriented directional characteristics whose electrical signals are combined to produce different directional characteristics.
  • the disadvantage here is that the microphone capsules can not be arranged coincidentally, because they can not penetrate completely mechanically. As a result, run-time differences between the two capsules which depend on the direction of sound propagation and lead to disadvantageous frequency response changes as a function of the realized directional characteristic occur.
  • the invention has for its object to produce the directional characteristics of a microphone easier, more versatile and cheaper than in known microphones. According to the invention this object is achieved by a microphone having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are described in the subclaims.
  • a microphone is provided with a first plurality of miniature microphones respectively for receiving audio signals, a second plurality of miniature microphones respectively for receiving audio signals and a processing unit for processing the audio signals detected by the first plurality of miniature microphones and the second plurality detected by miniature microphones. th audio signals.
  • the processing unit processes the detected audio signals in such a way that the processing unit can output an audio signal that depends on the sound infiltration direction (directional characteristic).
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones and the second plurality of miniature microphones are spatially arranged in such a way that there is a time difference between receiving the audio signals by the first plurality of miniature microphones and receiving the same audio signals by the second plurality of miniature microphones.
  • an acoustic delay element can be achieved.
  • the processing of the first recorded audio signal and the second detected audio signal can be achieved by electronic delay elements instead of, as usual, by acoustic means for propagation delay.
  • acoustic delay elements which requires a very low manufacturing tolerance and thus a very high production cost.
  • individually matching and / or selecting the components of the electrical delay elements since the electrical components are available with very low manufacturing tolerances.
  • the directivity of the microphone since it is determined by electrical means, can be changed continuously or stepwise in a simple manner by electrical means. These possibilities for influencing the directional characteristic can be achieved only with great effort or imperfection with acoustic measures.
  • the frequency dependence of the directivity can be designed with electrical means to allow adaptation to the particular application of the microphone. For example, the proximity effect can be reduced.
  • the hitherto customary first and second membranes can each be replaced by a plurality of individual microphones which together form the first or second membrane to date.
  • the reception behavior for an audio signal is not determined as hitherto by the behavior of a single membrane, but rather by the on the behavior of the corresponding plurality of miniature microphones.
  • a plurality of miniature microphones clustering
  • summing the corresponding detected audio signals a reduction in the inherent noise of the microphone is achieved.
  • the acoustic properties of the two pluralities of miniature microphones can be optimized individually.
  • the miniature microphones can be arranged so that the frequency response at the high frequencies is made favorable by the influence of the pressure accumulation effect.
  • MEMS miniature microphones
  • SMD single-dimensional microphones
  • miniature microphones are automatically mass produced at very low cost, so that the use of a plurality of miniature microphones to replace a conventional membrane is very cost-effective.
  • miniature microphones are very small and flat and therefore it can be built from a plurality of miniature microphones very small and flat audio signal receiver.
  • the number and arrangement of the miniature microphones influence the reception behavior of the resulting audio signal receiver.
  • the behavior, e.g. the directivity, between two pluralities of miniature microphones are influenced to each other.
  • the automatically produced and assembled microelectronic components already have standard such close tolerances that a selection of suitable miniature microphones and an individual comparison between them can be omitted.
  • scattering across a series of miniature microphones due to the summation-related averaging effect has less effect, resulting in smaller series variations of the miniature microphones.
  • a further advantage is that in contrast to the known Doppelkapsel- and Doppelmembranmikrofonen, in which two membranes are present with a total of four sides of the membrane, the first and second plurality of miniature microphones of the microphone according to the invention a total of only two sides of the membrane, so to speak, only one front membrane and only one membrane back, represent.
  • the microphone according to the invention can be made simpler, more precise and less expensive than previously known microphones.
  • a microphone is provided with a processing unit having a time delay unit for temporally delaying the audio signals detected by the second plurality of miniature microphones with respect to the audio signals detected by the first plurality of miniature microphones, or vice versa.
  • the electrical delay unit instead of an acoustic delay element, the propagation delay between a first and second receiving an audio signal by the first plurality of miniature microphones and the second plurality of miniature microphones is implemented electronically.
  • the time delay unit as a delay element by e.g. a first order low pass, e.g. as an RC element.
  • the time delay can have a fixed value in order to obtain a specific directional characteristic of the microphone, or it can be made variable in order to produce optionally different directional characteristics.
  • a microphone is provided with a processing unit having a subtracting unit for subtracting the audio signals detected by the second plurality of miniature microphones from the audio signals detected by the first plurality of miniature microphones, or vice versa.
  • a microphone having a processing unit comprising a first summation unit for summing the audio signals detected by the first plurality of miniature microphones into a first detected audio signal and a second summing unit for summing the audio signals detected by the second plurality of miniature microphones a second detected audio signal.
  • the individual detected audio signals of the respective plurality of miniature microphones are combined in the respective summation unit in order to achieve an averaging of the characteristics of the respective miniature microphones and an associated noise reduction.
  • a microphone with a processing unit which has a first frequency-response-influencing unit for influencing the frequency response of the first detected audio signal and a second frequency-response-based having influencing unit for influencing the frequency response of the second detected audio signal.
  • This can, for example, influence the effect of the proximity effect.
  • These influence options can be fixed or switchable or continuously variable.
  • a microphone is provided with a processing unit which has a frequency-dependent or frequency-independent coupling unit for coupling the first detected audio signal and the second detected audio signal. This can affect the effect of the proximity effect.
  • These influence options can be fixed or switchable or continuously variable.
  • a microphone with a processing unit which has a frequency response equalization unit for equalizing the frequency response of the audio signal to be output.
  • the frequency response equalization unit essentially allows a linearization of the frequency response of the microphone, since the low-frequency signals are fundamentally weakened by the subtraction.
  • the frequency response equalization unit can also be used to make special designs of the frequency response of the microphone, which can also be switchable or continuously variable. In this way, an equalized audio signal can be supplied to the output of the microphone.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones and the second plurality of miniature microphones are provided on a first carrier plate.
  • both pluralities of miniature microphones can be provided on a single carrier plate and thus save space.
  • the miniature microphones of a carrier plate in two or more plural numbers, i. Groups of miniature microphones.
  • miniature microphones e.g. SMD-capable microphone capsules (MEMS technology) can be used and the carrier plate be designed as printed circuit boards. In this way, a cost-effective automatic SMD placement of the microphone capsules can be done as a miniature microphones.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones and the second plurality of miniature microphones are provided on the same side of the first support plate and aligned in the same direction.
  • essentially sound pressure from the same direction can be achieved by both pluralities of miniature microphones. be recorded.
  • the structure-borne sound sensitivity can be significantly reduced with similar alignment of the miniature microphones of the first and second plurality due to the difference in the subtraction unit, so that can be dispensed with an elastic mounting of miniature microphones. This reduces the manufacturing effort and the associated costs.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones is provided on a first carrier plate and the second plurality of miniature microphones is provided on a second carrier plate and the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are spatially spaced apart, substantially in the propagation direction of the audio signals to be received , spaced provided.
  • the first and second pluralities of miniature microphones are spatially spaced apart in the sound propagation direction, so that in addition to or as an alternative to the electronic means for generating a propagation time difference between the audio signals detected by the first and second plurality of miniature microphones, a propagation time difference can be achieved by acoustic means.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones are provided on the first carrier plate on the same side of the first carrier plate and aligned in the same direction as the second plurality of miniature microphones on the second carrier plate.
  • the first and second pluralities of miniature microphones receive sound from the same direction. It is advantageous that the structure-borne sound sensitivity can be significantly reduced with similar alignment of the miniature microphones of the first and second plurality due to the difference in the subtraction unit, so that can be dispensed with an elastic mounting of miniature microphones. This reduces the manufacturing effort and the associated costs.
  • the first support plate and the second support plate are spaced apart by a body and the body is conically shaped and tapers from the first support plate to the second support plate.
  • the conically shaped body can prevent disturbing acoustic resonance effects.
  • the second plurality of miniature microphones is provided on the second carrier plate with as large a radius as possible from the center of the second carrier plate. The arrangement of the miniature microphones in the edge region of the second carrier plate can prevent disturbing acoustic resonance effects.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones and the second plurality of miniature microphones are each aligned substantially in the direction of the audio signals to be received.
  • the first and second pluralities of miniature microphones receive sound from the same direction. It is also advantageous that the structure-borne sound sensitivity can be significantly reduced with similar alignment of the miniature microphones of the first and second plurality due to the difference in the subtraction unit, so that can be dispensed with an elastic mounting of miniature microphones. This reduces the manufacturing effort and the associated costs.
  • the first carrier plate has a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, or the first carrier plate has a first plurality of openings and the second carrier plate has a second plurality of openings.
  • at least a part of the first plurality of miniature microphones is provided in such a way in each case to close at least a part of the first plurality of openings with its audio signal-receiving side.
  • at least a part of the second plurality of miniature microphones is provided so as to close each at least a part of the second plurality of openings with its audio signal receiving side.
  • the miniature microphones can be provided behind the respective openings and thus cover the miniature microphones by the carrier plates in which the respective openings are provided and on which the respective miniature microphones are provided. protect, e.g. against contact or damage from outside.
  • the openings can be provided at least partially with acoustically effective materials in order to influence the sound passage through the openings and thus the sound detected by the miniature microphones in a targeted manner.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones and / or the second plurality of miniature microphones are at least partially surrounded by an outer body.
  • This outer body can be used to attach the miniature serve tower microphones and or or the carrier plate or the respective carrier plates on which or on which the miniature microphones are provided.
  • the outer body can accommodate the miniature microphones in its interior and thus protect against external influences and damage.
  • the microphone can be held or attached via this outer body, for example, to be held by a person as a user or a holder.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones and / or the second plurality of miniature microphones are at least partially formed as microelectronic components (MEMS).
  • MEMS microelectronic components
  • Such miniature microphones or microphone capsules are e.g. as SMD components by mass production processes and produced in a very high quality, in particular with regard to their low manufacturing tolerances.
  • SMD components by mass production processes and produced in a very high quality, in particular with regard to their low manufacturing tolerances.
  • multiple numbers of miniature microphones using SMD components can be made very cheap, simple and high quality.
  • the first carrier plate and / or the second carrier plate are formed as printed circuit boards.
  • miniature microphones designed as SMD components can be mounted on printed circuit boards with known and favorable mounting methods for SMD components.
  • multiple numbers of microphones or miniature microphones using SMD components can be made very cheap, simple and in high quality.
  • the components of the processing unit may be wholly or partially provided on the circuit board. As a result, on the one hand, these can also be mounted simply, quickly and inexpensively by means of SMD assembly.
  • the electrical lines between the components may be provided as printed conductors on the printed circuit board or the printed circuit boards, whereby a cost savings in terms of the required lines can be achieved. It is advantageous to provide at least the two summation units on the printed circuit board or the printed circuit boards in order to provide at least the individual lines of the miniature microphones of the respective plurality of miniature microphones as printed conductors.
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of a microphone
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of a top view of a receiving unit according to a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a side view of a receiving unit according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a side view of a receiving unit according to a third exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a microphone.
  • the microphone 1 shows a schematic representation of a microphone 1.
  • the microphone 1 has a recording unit 10, a processing unit 12 and an output 128.
  • the microphone 1 may be formed as a hand-held microphone 1, which identifies a body in the interior of which the receiving unit 10, which may also be referred to as the detection unit 10, is provided such that the recording unit 10 can receive, record or detect an audio signal, e.g. by receiving a sound pressure P.
  • the output of the audio signal through the output 128 can be done both wired and wireless.
  • signals can be received, recorded or recorded by the recording unit 10 and forwarded to the processing unit 12 for processing or at least preprocessed in the recording unit 10 itself.
  • signals such as control signals, for example in the ultrasonic range or in other frequency ranges, can be received, recorded or recorded and processed. These can affect the operation of the microphone 1.
  • further signals such as control signals or the like may be output from the microphone 1 through its output 128 to provide information to other devices such as an equalizer, a mixer, an amplifier, a speaker, a recording device, a light effect device, a fog machine or the like or to control these devices.
  • Such information or functions can be detected by the microphone 1 through the signals detected via the recording unit 10 or also by operating elements of the microphone 1 be effected.
  • received signals and the content obtained therefrom by the display can be displayed by display elements of the microphone 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a receiving unit 10 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the receiving unit 10 in this case has a first carrier 100, which is designed as a carrier plate 100, a first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and a second plurality of miniature microphones 105.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 are provided on the support plate 10.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 are disposed around the second plurality of miniature microphones 105.
  • both pluralities of miniature microphones 102, 105 have a rotationally symmetrical arrangement about the center of the circular support plate 100, ie all miniature microphones 102 of the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 are arranged on a first radius around the center of the circular support plate 100 and all miniature microphones 105 of the second A plurality of miniature microphones 105 on a second radius.
  • the two pluralities of miniature microphones 102, 105 form a concentric arrangement about the central axis of the carrier plate 100.
  • a rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic of the microphone 1 can be achieved.
  • the first radius is larger than the second radius.
  • all of the miniature microphones 102 of the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and all the miniature microphones 105 of the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 are each arranged uniformly laterally spaced from one another.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 there are eight miniature microphones, and as the second plurality of miniature microphones 105, four miniature microphones are shown. In this case, various other configurations of first and second miniature microphones 102, 105 are possible.
  • the positioning of the miniature microphones 102, 105 on the carrier plate 100 can be optimized for the design of the frequency response, in particular using the pressure accumulation effect at high frequencies.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 respectively, more or fewer miniature microphones can be used than shown in FIG. These can each be arranged on more than one radius around the center of the circular support plate 100 around, ie even miniature microphones at different radii around the center of the circular support plate 100 around a first plurality of miniature microphones 102 or a second plurality of Miniature microphones 105 form. Furthermore, the lateral and radial distances of the miniature microphones 102, 105 may be designed differently from each other.
  • a plurality of miniature microphones 102 may differ from another 105 in that the two pluralities of miniature microphones 102, 105 are disposed on different halves of the carrier plate 100, ie, left and right or up and down within the display plane of FIG.
  • the support plate 100 may be provided in a different geometric shape than a circular support plate 100 such as a square, rectangular or triangular support plate 100th
  • a miniature microphone is to be understood as meaning a microphone or a microphone capsule which is miniaturized in terms of its design, i. has small dimensions compared to conventional microphones.
  • the miniature microphones may be used in combination with others to collect the electroacoustic characteristics of a single, non-miniaturized microphone in their entirety.
  • a miniature microphone may e.g. be designed as an SMD component provided on a circuit board.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a side view of a receiving unit 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment.
  • a support plate 100 having a first plurality of openings 101 and a second plurality of openings 104, a first plurality of miniature microphones 102, a second plurality of miniature microphones 105, an outer body 106, and leads 108 are provided.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 are provided below the carrier plate 100.
  • the support plate 100 is connected to the outer body 106 provided around the miniature microphones 102, 105. Inside the outer body 106, the electrical leads 108 of the miniature microphones 102, 105 are provided.
  • the first plurality of openings 101 and the second plurality of openings 104 are provided, which are provided as acoustic passages or inlets into the interior of the receiving unit 10.
  • the first plurality of openings 101 and the second plurality of openings 104 each form a concentric arrangement of hole circles around the center axis of the carrier plate 100.
  • a rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic of the microphone 1 can be achieved.
  • the interior of the receiving unit 10 is to be understood the volume which is substantially enclosed by the support plate 100 and the outer body 106. It is shown in FIG.
  • a miniature microphone 102, 105 is respectively provided at an opening 101, 104 in such a way that each miniature microphone 102, 105 can receive sound pressure P through the respective opening 101, 104.
  • the miniature microphones 102, 105 in each case below the support plate 100, ie inside the support plate 100 and the outer body 106, for example by gluing, be mounted so that the sound receiving side of the miniature microphone 102, 105, ie the side of the object opening, to the is aligned with the respective opening 101, 104, so that the respective miniature microphone 102, 105 can receive sound pressure P through the respective opening 101, 104.
  • a miniature microphone 102, 105 is provided not behind each opening 101, 104 of the support plate 100.
  • a miniature microphone 102, 105 is provided not behind each opening 101, 104 of the support plate 100.
  • passages between the space outside of the carrier plate 100 and the outer body 106 to the space within the carrier plate 100 and the outer body 106 can be created.
  • openings may also be provided in the outer body 106 to provide such passageways.
  • Some miniature microphones 102, 105 may also be provided with their sound receiving side facing inwards, i. into the interior of the receiving unit 10, i. that they can absorb sound pressure P in the interior of the carrier plate 100 and the outer body 106.
  • these openings 101, 104 which are provided as passages, and / or the openings 101, 104, behind which miniature microphones 102, 105 are provided, as well as openings in the outer body 106 can be provided with acoustically active materials to the Intake or fürse the sound pressure P to influence targeted.
  • the receiving unit 10 has a first carrier plate 100 with openings 101, a second carrier plate 103 with openings 104, a first plurality of miniature microphones 102, a second plurality of miniature microphones 105, a first outer body 106, a second outer body 107, and leads 108 on.
  • the first carrier plate 100 is connected to the second carrier plate 03 by means of the first outer body 106.
  • the first carrier plate 100 and the second carrier plate 103 are arranged offset by the outer body 106 parallel to each other.
  • the outer body 106 is configured as a spacer 106 in order to generate a predetermined distance between the first carrier plate 100 and the second carrier plate 103.
  • the second support plate 103 is connected to the second outer body 107, which forms the rear part of the microphone 1, by means of which the microphone 1 can be held by a user or a holder, or is connected thereto.
  • the processing unit 12 may be accommodated.
  • the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 are provided below openings 101 of the first support plate 100 within the first support plate 100 and the first outer body 106.
  • the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 are provided below openings 104 of the second receptacle 103 within the second receptacle 103 and the second outer body 107.
  • the electrical lines 108 of the miniature microphones 102, 105 extend within the carrier plate 100, 103 and outer body 106, 107.
  • the miniature microphones 102, 105 are arranged by means of the support plate 100, 103 and the outer body 106 connecting them such that the miniature microphones 102, 105 are aligned in the same direction. From this direction they receive a sound pressure P at different times due to their constructional distance caused by the dimensions of the outer body 106. the miniature microphones 102, which are arranged spatially closer to the incident sound pressure P, receive the sound pressure P in time earlier than the miniature microphones 105, which are located further away in space. In this case, the time difference can be determined by the distance of the first carrier plate 100 to the second carrier plate 103 and the speed of sound propagation.
  • the outer body 106 thus acts as an acoustic delay element.
  • the support plates 100, 103 and outer body 106, 107 and openings 101, 104 may be configured and provided therethrough as described with respect to the second embodiment of FIG.
  • the positioning of the miniature microphones 102 on the first carrier plate 100 for shaping the frequency response, in particular using the pressure accumulation effect at the high frequencies, can be optimized.
  • the number of miniature microphones 102, 105 of both the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 may be selected differently.
  • the miniature microphones 102, 105 are designed as pure pressure receivers and provided on the first support plate 100 and the second support plate 103 is preferably aligned in the same way, ie in both cases on the back of the respective support plate 100, 103, so that caused by structure-borne noise movements of the entire microphone 1 similar membrane movements and correspondingly similar output signals of both pluralities of miniature microphones 102, 105 produce.
  • the structure-borne sound sensitivity of both pluralities of miniature microphones 102, 105 can be considerably reduced due to the difference in the processing unit 12, so that an elastic mounting of the miniature microphones 102, 105 can be dispensed with.
  • the geometry and dimensions of the outer bodies 106, 107, in particular of the first outer body 106, can be designed such that they specifically influence the reception of the sound pressure P by the second plurality of miniature microphones 105.
  • openings 104 of the second support plate 103 may be located near the outer edge of the support plate 103 to minimize, together with a conically shaped outer body 106, the formation of acoustic resonances.
  • the microphone 1 has a recording unit 10 and a processing unit 12.
  • the recording unit 10 is compared to the representations of FIGS. 2 to 4 simplified by the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 shown.
  • the receiving unit 10 may be configured according to one of the three embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 4 or also according to the Ab-conversions described with respect to the three embodiments.
  • the processing unit 12 has a first summation unit 120, a second summation unit 121, a time delay unit 122, a coupling unit 123, a first frequency-response-influencing unit 124, a second frequency-response-influencing unit 125, a subtraction unit 126, a frequency response equalization unit 127 and a microphone output 128.
  • the first summation unit 120 sums the detected audio signals of the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and outputs them as a first received audio signal.
  • the second summation unit 121 of the processing unit 12 sums the detected audio signals of the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 and outputs them as a second received audio signal.
  • the respective output signals of the first plurality of miniature microphones 102 and the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 are supplied to summation units 120 and 121 which combine the individual signals of the respective plurality of miniature microphones 102, 105 into a sum signal, respectively.
  • This achieves an averaging of the characteristics of the miniature microphones 102, 105 and an associated reduction in noise. It is advantageous to provide the first summation unit 120 and the second summation unit 121 on the carrier plate 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3 or respectively on the corresponding first carrier plate 100 and second carrier plate 103 of FIG. 4 in order to reduce the number of electrical Reduce lines 108.
  • the second received audio signal received via the second plurality of miniature microphones 105 is transmitted from the second summing unit 121 to the time delay unit 122.
  • This time delay unit 122 delays the second received audio signal from the first detected audio signal.
  • This electronic time delay of the two detected audio signals with respect to each other electronically replicates the function of the acoustic delay previously provided by acoustic means, i. acoustic delay elements such as through one or more cavities, i. Air volume, and acoustic resistances is formed, which usually consist of textile or Metallgazen and or or narrow air gaps.
  • the time delay unit 122 may also be referred to as a delay element and in the simplest case has a first order low pass, e.g. an RC element, on.
  • the time delay may have a fixed value to obtain a particular directional characteristic of the microphone 1, or it may be made variable to selectively produce different directional characteristics. Since an electronic time delay signal can be set easier and more precise than an acoustic propagation delay, the time delay unit 122 of the processing unit 12 can achieve a directional characteristic electronically simpler, cheaper and more accurate than heretofore with mechanical or geometric means.
  • the output of the first summation unit 120 and the output of the time delay unit 122 are connected to one another by means of the coupling unit 123, so that the first received audio signal and the delayed second received audio signal are coupled via the coupling unit 123, wherein the coupling can be frequency-dependent or frequency-independent ,
  • the processing unit 12 further has the first frequency-response-influencing unit 124, which receives the first received audio signal from the first summation unit 120 and / or from the frequency-dependent coupling unit 123.
  • the second Frequency response influencing unit 125 receives the second received audio signal from time delay unit 122.
  • the frequency-dependent or frequency-independent coupling unit 123 and / or the first frequency-response-influencing unit 124 and / or the second frequency-response-influencing unit 125 are provided for frequency-dependent influencing the directional characteristics of the microphone 1.
  • these units 123, 124 and 125 may influence the effect of the proximity effect. These possibilities of influence can be specified permanently or be made switchable or continuously variable.
  • the units 123, 124 and 125 can also be dispensed with, i. to implement an electronic timing signal delay to obtain an audio signal having a directional characteristic, these units 123, 124 and 125 are not required; however, they offer e.g. the o.g.
  • the output signals of the first frequency-response-influencing unit 124 and the second frequency-response-influencing unit 125 are subtracted from each other by means of the subtraction unit 126, e.g. the second received delayed audio signal is subtracted from the first detected audio signal.
  • the output signal of the subtraction unit 126 is thus the difference between the two input signals.
  • This output signal of the subtraction unit 126 is received by the frequency response equalization unit 127, which essentially makes a linearization of the frequency response of the microphone 1, since the low-frequency audio signals are attenuated by the difference formation in the subtraction unit 126 in principle.
  • special designs of the frequency response of the microphone 1 can also be made, which can likewise be switchable or continuously variable.
  • the equalized audio signal is then output via the microphone output 128.
  • the idea of the invention relates to the production of directional microphones with fixed or variable directional characteristics, the directional properties being generated not by acoustic but by electrical means. This allows directional microphones easier, realize more versatile and cost-effective. In addition, the coincidence problem described above does not occur.
  • the membrane unit with a front and a rear side contained in the known directional microphones is replaced by two spatially separated groups (clusters) of microphone capsules in order to achieve a separate availability of the functions of the front and back of the membrane unit, and the acoustic delay member is by a electrical delay element replaced.
  • the microphone capsules are advantageously designed as MEMS microphone capsules, which can be automatically mounted inexpensively (SMD technology).
  • the microphone capsules of both groups can be arranged independently of each other in such a way that optimal acoustic properties result in each case.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un microphone comprenant une première pluralité de microphones miniatures destinés respectivement à capter des signaux audio, une deuxième pluralité de microphones miniatures destinés respectivement à capter des signaux audio et une unité de traitement pour traiter les signaux audio captés par la première pluralité de microphones miniatures et les signaux audio captés par la deuxième pluralité de microphones miniatures. L'unité de traitement traite les signaux audio captés de manière à pouvoir délivrer un signal audio qui dépend de la direction d'incidence du son.
PCT/EP2011/069114 2010-10-29 2011-10-31 Microphone WO2012056041A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010043127 DE102010043127A1 (de) 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Mikrofon
DE102010043127.3 2010-10-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012056041A1 true WO2012056041A1 (fr) 2012-05-03

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PCT/EP2011/069114 WO2012056041A1 (fr) 2010-10-29 2011-10-31 Microphone

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DE (1) DE102010043127A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012056041A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05260589A (ja) 1992-03-10 1993-10-08 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> 焦点収音方法
DE4436272A1 (de) 1994-10-11 1996-04-18 Schalltechnik Dr Ing Schoeps G Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung der Richtcharakteristiken einer akustoelektrischen Empfangsanordnung
WO2003028006A2 (fr) 2001-09-24 2003-04-03 Clarity, Llc Amelioration sonore selective
US20060188111A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-08-24 Sony Corporation Microphone apparatus
JP2006304124A (ja) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 V-Cube Inc 音源方向確定装置および音源方向確定方法
DE602005003342T2 (de) 2005-06-23 2008-09-11 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Methode zur Modellierung eines Mikrofons
US20080260189A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2008-10-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Hearing Aid Comprising Sound Tracking Means
US20090052688A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2009-02-26 Yamaha Corporation Remote conference apparatus and sound emitting/collecting apparatus
DE102008029352A1 (de) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung, Verfahren und Computerprogramm zum Lokalisieren einer Schallquelle

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05260589A (ja) 1992-03-10 1993-10-08 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> 焦点収音方法
DE4436272A1 (de) 1994-10-11 1996-04-18 Schalltechnik Dr Ing Schoeps G Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung der Richtcharakteristiken einer akustoelektrischen Empfangsanordnung
WO2003028006A2 (fr) 2001-09-24 2003-04-03 Clarity, Llc Amelioration sonore selective
US20060188111A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-08-24 Sony Corporation Microphone apparatus
JP2006304124A (ja) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 V-Cube Inc 音源方向確定装置および音源方向確定方法
DE602005003342T2 (de) 2005-06-23 2008-09-11 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Methode zur Modellierung eines Mikrofons
US20080260189A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2008-10-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Hearing Aid Comprising Sound Tracking Means
US20090052688A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2009-02-26 Yamaha Corporation Remote conference apparatus and sound emitting/collecting apparatus
DE102008029352A1 (de) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung, Verfahren und Computerprogramm zum Lokalisieren einer Schallquelle

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