EP3197178A1 - Haut-parleur - Google Patents

Haut-parleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3197178A1
EP3197178A1 EP17158435.2A EP17158435A EP3197178A1 EP 3197178 A1 EP3197178 A1 EP 3197178A1 EP 17158435 A EP17158435 A EP 17158435A EP 3197178 A1 EP3197178 A1 EP 3197178A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
array
loudspeaker
housing
loudspeakers
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17158435.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Sporer
Daniel Beer
Stephan Mauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP3197178A1 publication Critical patent/EP3197178A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2205/00—Details of stereophonic arrangements covered by H04R5/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2205/022—Plurality of transducers corresponding to a plurality of sound channels in each earpiece of headphones or in a single enclosure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sound reproduction systems, and more particularly to loudspeakers with high sound reproduction bandwidth.
  • the caseless flat speaker is usually a dipole radiator, which has a low sound pressure level in the low frequency range due to the acoustic short circuit.
  • a speaker cabinet is used in conventional speakers.
  • flat housings are typically used, which typically include a smaller volume of air.
  • the basic resonance frequency of the sound transducer shifts upward due to an excessively small volume of air. As a result, the lower limit frequency also increases, resulting in decreased low-frequency reproduction.
  • the US 2005/0201583 A1 discloses a low frequency surface array based on a dipole principle.
  • the system includes an open frame retention system wherein multiple subwoofers are housed in a dipole surface array configuration in the open frame system to provide controlled sound dispersion in both the horizontal and vertical planes.
  • the subwoofers are operable to provide low frequency sound dispersion below about 300 Hz.
  • the DE 695 07 896 T2 discloses a directional sensitivity loudspeaker device comprising a first set of at least three loudspeakers arranged along a first straight line corresponding to a predetermined pattern, wherein the distances from loudspeaker to loudspeaker are made variable, and wherein loudspeakers can also be arranged in contact with each other ,
  • the U.S. Patent No. 2,602,860 discloses a speaker structure in which nine conical loudspeakers are arranged symmetrically in three rows of three each in a single frame.
  • the frame includes segments tilted with each other to increase the angle of emission. So the distance between the edges of the speakers should be smaller than the radius of the speakers, all speakers are operated from a same source. Furthermore, no restriction with respect to the movement of air through a housing should be achieved, since this would impair the behavior at low frequencies.
  • the U.S. Patent No. 4,399,328 discloses a directional and frequency independent column of electroacoustic transducers which are driven at different amplitudes, resulting in certain ratios of driving the electroacoustic transducers.
  • the U.S. Patent No. 6,801,631 B1 discloses a loudspeaker system having a plurality of transducers positioned in a plane to achieve an optimal acoustic sound emission pattern.
  • Four midrange converters (woofers) work together to reproduce the low and mid frequencies, with the woofers positioned so that no two woofers share a common vertical axis or common horizontal axis.
  • a fifth transducer namely a high-frequency tweeter is provided, which is arranged in the middle of the woofer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved loudspeaker.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that a low-cost, flat and yet high-quality loudspeaker can be achieved by arranging a surface array of single caseless speakers, which all have a flat shape, in a flat housing, this loudspeaker a high reproduction bandwidth or a sufficient sound pressure in a desired narrow, z. B. deep, frequency range.
  • This speaker is advantageous in that the space requirement is very low due to the use of flat and typically small diameter single speakers.
  • the housing volume required per single loudspeaker is relatively small due to the fact that the caseless single loudspeakers are small and flat, so that the housing volume of the flat housing is so small that the entire loudspeaker has a compact design.
  • an element which has a low outdoor resonance is preferred as a single loudspeaker.
  • the equivalent volume of air is small.
  • the stiffness of the membrane suspension of the single speaker is equated here with the stiffness of an equivalent volume of air.
  • single speakers with a resonant frequency less than 150 Hz and in particular even less than 120 Hz or even less than 100 Hz are preferred.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it allows the use of flat caseless single loudspeakers, providing the required housing volume with an almost arbitrary form factor, ie with a flat housing.
  • the use of housing-less single speakers with a flat form factor also has the advantage that these single speakers are available at very low cost in large quantities.
  • This caseless single speaker in a surface array a coupling of the speakers is used at low frequencies to produce even at low frequencies, such as at 100 Hz sufficient sound pressure.
  • the use of small single speakers so of individual speakers with a membrane diameter, which is relatively small, especially at high frequencies of great advantage compared to a use of speakers with larger membranes, because with small membranes over larger membranes only at higher frequencies partial vibrations occur.
  • Another advantage is that a variable control of the many caseless individual speakers, and thus of subareas of the surface array can be done. It should be possible to achieve as far as possible a location-independent full-range sound in the space in front of the loudspeaker, despite the fact that the loudspeaker has a single loudspeaker array of large dimensions.
  • the loudspeaker comprises only identical individual loudspeakers, which may be, for example, headphone capsules or, in general, miniature sound transducers. This means that the production of the speaker is possible at a low price.
  • the single loudspeakers are grouped into multiple arrays, with the array of individual subwoofers being provided for woofer reproduction, and an array of one or more identical single loudspeakers being provided for treble reproduction when using a 2-way system becomes.
  • a 3-way system may also be implemented in which the second array includes multiple midrange drivers and the high-frequency range is preferably contested by a single or a few individual speakers.
  • speakers are obtained which, despite a flat loudspeaker enclosure of less than 5 cm, and more particularly less than 3 cm, depth with identical single loudspeakers, allow the frequency range from 100 Hz to 20 kHz to be reproduced with a sensitivity of at least 90dB / 1W / 1m ,
  • a preferred embodiment includes 25 miniature transducers which form an approximately 21x21cm area array comprising two sub-arrays for woofer reproduction and a line array for high-frequency reproduction present between these two subarrays.
  • Fig. 1a shows a front view of a speaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the speaker in Fig. 1a comprises a surface array 10 of caseless single loudspeakers 11a, 11b, 11c, ..., wherein each caseless single loudspeaker has a flat shape, as already with reference to the rear view in FIG Fig. 1b can be seen on the caseless single speaker 11d.
  • the front view in Fig. 1a For each individual loudspeaker, the front area, ie a view of the loudspeaker 's membrane, while the rear view illustrates that the entire single loudspeaker is so flat that it can be seen in the loudspeaker Fig.
  • FIG. 1b shown housing or is received in the corresponding housing bore and hardly protrudes beyond the bore.
  • FIG. 4a is visible in the caseless single speaker
  • the example in Fig. 1b and Fig. 1a is inserted, and the in Fig. 6a is shown in detail
  • the individual speakers almost completely included in the total thickness of the material of the speaker front wall, such that the speaker protrudes only a small piece on the front wall housing and back protruding from the front wall of the housing also only a small piece
  • the board from the front wall of the housing at a Embodiment is only 4.5mm and the speaker protrudes only about 1.5mm on the rear side of the housing front wall and thus is an extremely flat single speaker.
  • Fig. 1c shows a control of the individual caseless single speakers in Fig. 1a in the case of a 1-way implementation.
  • at least two groups of at least two loudspeakers are formed from the housing-less individual loudspeakers of the area array, wherein in the in Fig. 1c
  • five groups 12a-12e are formed, each group comprising five individual loudspeakers, so that the entire loudspeaker comprises a total of 25 single caseless loudspeakers.
  • speakers whose number of individual speakers varies between 9 and 49, the exact number of individual speakers depending on how the individual ratios of the individual speakers are, and what sound pressure level, especially in the lower frequency range for which the speaker is provided, is required.
  • the membrane diameter of a single speaker is 36 mm.
  • the membrane diameter is smaller than 5 cm and preferably even less than 4cm, since in the surface array array according to the invention, the behavior in the high frequency range is better, the smaller the membrane diameter of a single speaker.
  • Smaller membrane areas, achieved by using smaller single speakers, and the use of single caseless speakers allow for a denser arrangement of the individual speakers, thereby reducing the overall size of the array. This leads to a reduced directivity.
  • partial vibrations which can lead to pronounced spatial variations in the sound pressure level in the room, are shifted towards less critical higher frequencies. Although the partial vibrations also occur there, they are no longer disturbing due to the fact that they are not at low frequencies.
  • the associated drop in the sound pressure level at low frequencies is compensated for by a coupled arrangement of several individual speakers in the array, but it is essential that the individual speakers for woofer reproduction be arranged in an area array and not in a line array.
  • An area array requires at least two adjacent rows, where one row must have at least two speakers and the other row must have at least one speaker. So is already a triangular arrangement of the speakers 11a, 11b, 11c in Fig. 1a a surface array, with surface arrays in the form of a rectangle, square or a circle or an ellipse are preferred.
  • a square array is most preferred because the square shape Coming closest to the circular shape and the somewhat rectangular arrangement of the individual individual speakers, which leads to a total square for the area array, it makes it possible to arrange the individual speakers as close as possible to each other.
  • the individual loudspeakers are arranged so close to each other that they touch each other, or that there is a direct distance between the individual loudspeakers which are adjacent to one another which is smaller than 5 mm and in particular smaller than 3 mm.
  • serial / parallel circuit allows the entire speaker array still has a significant ohmic resistance, compared to the situation in which all the speakers are connected in parallel, so that the flowing current does not exceed the capacity of the voice coil voice coil , Compared to a complete series connection of all individual loudspeakers, however, it is achieved by the series-parallel connection that not all the loudspeakers connected in series influence each other electrically.
  • the serial / parallel circuit according to Fig. 1c thus represents a good compromise between the complexity of the wiring of the individual speakers and the specifications for maximum current given by the individual speakers.
  • Fig. 1d shows an alternative implementation of the in Fig. 1a shown embodiment in which the individual speakers similar to in Fig. 1a are arranged, but are controlled as a 3-way system.
  • the area array of caseless single speakers is formed into a first array half 13a of woofer speakers and a second array half 13b of woofer speakers. These two array halves or subarrays are separated by another array of midtone speakers 13c and yet another array consisting of only a single tweeter speaker 13d.
  • the two individual loudspeakers designated by "x" are short-circuited, ie deactivated. to the effect that these two individual speakers do not contribute to the sound output and swinging can be prevented as a passive membrane.
  • the number of sub woofers is much greater than the number of midrange loudspeakers or treble loudspeakers. This split in favor of low-frequency reproduction is made to provide sufficient low-frequency sound pressure by coupling the individual woofers for the low-frequency range achieved by placing the woof-to-bass loudspeakers as close together as possible in an area array becomes.
  • the reproduction of the frequency range from 100 Hz (-6dB) up to 20kHz (-6dB) with a sensitivity of 101 dB / 1W / in spite of a flat speaker housing of only 2.4 cm internal depth and the associated high spring stiffness of the trapped air volume 1m possible.
  • a 21 cm x 21 cm array of 25 miniature sound transducers is formed and installed in a housing of size (LxWxH).
  • the control of the individual drivers is adapted to the target of the most linear possible amplitude frequency response and a uniform directivity in the main listening direction.
  • the array is designed as a three-way system.
  • the array approach is therefore chosen to achieve the most uniform distribution of the driving force on the membrane and to move by means of many small membrane surfaces, the occurrence of partial vibrations to higher frequencies.
  • the significantly lower weight of the single membrane is also of great advantage for the reproduction of high frequencies.
  • the array approach offers the possibility of changing the speaker spacing between adjacent reproduction channels, by the grouping of converters to a playback channel is possible.
  • a boundary condition in wave field synthesis is the "spatial sampling frequency", which requires that for the aliasing-free reproduction of a tone of 1 kHz every 17 cm a loudspeaker element is present, which is controlled by its own signal.
  • the distance should be 1.7 cm, but at 100 Hz at 1.7 m.
  • a distance of 1.7 m can be easily fulfilled.
  • a distance of 1.7 cm however, difficult or only approximate.
  • the flat loudspeaker according to the invention makes it possible to supply larger groups of individual loudspeakers with a low-pass filtered signal having a greater width.
  • the loudspeaker signal can each be a high-pass signal or a signal with high-pass and low-pass components.
  • a further array of individual speakers is present, wherein individual loudspeakers are surface arrays grouped so that spatially adjacent wave field synthesis channels with limited bandwidth below 1 kHz by adjacent groups of individual speakers are reproduced, the distance is greater than that between adjacent single loudspeakers or compared to the groups of smaller groups that reproduce spatially adjacent wave field synthesis channels with signal components over 1 kHz.
  • a loudspeaker which has a linear frequency response over as large a frequency range as possible, good impulse behavior, a uniform radiation behavior that is useful for the application, and which is capable of producing a maximum sound pressure level of 101 dB or more at a 1 meter distance, with the speaker exceptionally flat.
  • the flat speaker is advantageous in that it can be inconspicuously integrated into the environment and still has good transmission properties.
  • the housing construction should be such that a particularly small overall depth of 5 and preferably 3.6 cm or even more preferably 3.0 cm is not exceeded.
  • acoustic drivers are used, which have a very small depth. Preference is given to the electrodynamic principle of the cone speaker as a sound transducer, since this technology is well controlled and efficient.
  • Fig. 6a shows a front view and a rear view of a preferably used miniature loudspeaker or "miniature chassis".
  • the miniature chassis is preferably as a rearward open earphone capsule, as in Fig. 6a shown, executed.
  • the metrologically determined parameters of such a caseless single loudspeaker are in the table in Fig. 6b shown.
  • the outdoor resonance frequency of such a single loudspeaker is 120 Hz.
  • a closed housing is used.
  • an open housing can be used, in particular with a bass reflex system, so a bass reflex enclosure as a Helmholtz resonator, as is known in the art.
  • a suitably rigid material is preferred in order to obtain a sufficiently stiffened housing, which manages with a material thickness of less than 7 mm and in particular even with a material thickness of 3 mm or even less. It is preferred to use as the material steel sheet or profiled plastic, although wood can be used. It is preferred to minimize susceptibility to longitudinal and lateral modes of equal frequency such that the edge dimensions of the entire loudspeaker are not an integer multiple of each other or that the loudspeaker has non-parallel walls. Nevertheless, to have a desired optical impression with parallel walls, an inner housing with non-parallel walls can be placed in an outer housing with parallel walls.
  • An example of an inside dimension of the in Fig. 1a shown embodiment is 61.5 cm wide, 80 cm high and 2.4 cm deep. When using a 6 mm MDF board material outside dimensions with a width of 63.7 cm, a height of 81.2 cm and a depth of 3.6 cm.
  • the housing Against the resonating of the housing, it is preferred to introduce webs inside the housing between the front and back, and it is also preferred, on the rear wall of outside to apply profiles. As it is for example in Fig. 2a . 2 B As can be seen, it is preferred that the area array be central in width and parallel to the edges, but eccentric in height.
  • the individual loudspeakers are housed in particular in individual holes and partially embedded in the housing material. The individual loudspeakers can eg be glued in with hot glue or another sealing material and in particular acoustically sealed.
  • An advantage of the array arrangement is the possibility to control individual elements and thus individual subareas of the array differently.
  • a multipath drive is preferably used.
  • the area array, as it is based on Fig. 1d has been divided into two sub-arrays 13a, 13b for low-frequency reproduction.
  • a 2-way arrangement would consist of all the speakers in the middle column being deactivated or not being present except for the single one in the middle, with the single center loudspeaker then acting as the only tweeter.
  • the in Fig. 1d used 3-way system used.
  • the mid-tone branch is delayed by 0.5 ms and the high-tone branch by 0.52 ms from the low-frequency array.
  • a 2-way high-tone path control in the form of a Bessel-weighted linear array as shown in FIG Fig. 2d is shown schematically.
  • a bundling and sidelobe formation is better suppressed. This effect will be even better if, as it is in Fig. 2d shown is the tweeter single speakers in the middle and divide the area array of woofer speakers into two sub-arrays 13a, 13b.
  • the individual tweeters are driven with the weights as in Fig. 2d are indicated schematically.
  • weighting factors 0.5, 1, -1 have been obtained only on the basis of a circuit-technically simple realization of the Bessel weights, but that, mathematically, at 0.11, 0.44, 0.76, -0, 44 and 0.11, and can be realized only with great effort.
  • Fig. 2d The control shown takes place in such a way that the three individual loudspeakers in the middle of the array 13e are driven with full amplitude, but the lower of these three individual loudspeakers is driven with inverted phase, while the uppermost single loudspeaker and the lowest individual loudspeaker of the array 13e are driven at half amplitude become.
  • These level and phase relationships can be implemented with very simple means, contrary to the factors calculated by Bessel.
  • By paralleling the three middle individual speakers with a series connection of the speakers at the top and bottom of the array 13e these amplitude ratios can be produced.
  • the phase is in the single loudspeaker, a weighting factor "-1" in Fig. 2d has achieved, simply by reversing the connection as it is in Fig. 3 at 15 is shown.
  • the four columns of the woofer array are grouped into four groups of five individual loudspeakers, with the groups connected in parallel. This results in a nominal impedance of 10 ohms for the tweeter array and a nominal impedance of 56 ohms for the woofer array. It could also be all parallel woofer speakers, but then a higher current would flow through the voice coil.
  • a crossover 16 is preferred with a cut-off frequency 710 Hz.
  • the crossover should have a smaller cutoff frequency, and for a smaller array area, the crossover should have a larger cutoff frequency.
  • a loudspeaker according to the second embodiment of the present invention also uses a closed system.
  • the package is based on a calculation using the so-called Thiele-Small parameters of the caseless single speakers, where the overall Qtc of the package and array combination is said to be 0.707.
  • This tuning is also referred to as Butterworth tuning and is extremely spectacular in one, with ideal free-air frequency response, maximum smooth frequency response and minimally achievable resonance frequency.
  • Fig. 2a shows a perspective view of the speaker according to the second embodiment with a housing front wall 1a and a housing side wall 1b, wherein the speaker is disposed in a low-reflection space.
  • the housing front wall comprises a height and a width, wherein the height is greater than the width, and wherein it is preferred to center the array with respect to the width and insert edge-parallel, and not center the array with respect to the height, but to accommodate decentralized, as in Fig. 2b is shown.
  • Fig. 2c shows a back view of the open loudspeaker, with webs 19a, 19b in the vertical direction and webs 19c in the horizontal direction.
  • These webs which are preferably formed completely from the front of the housing to the rear of the housing, allow encapsulation of differently driven single speakers. Pressure changes inside the loudspeaker caused by vibrations of individual membranes would otherwise have an effect on all single loudspeakers working on the same volume.
  • the individual loudspeakers of the middle array column each work on an individually delimited volume, which is achieved by the webs 19a, 19b, 19c. Since these individual loudspeakers are used for the high-toned branch, that is to say they should operate far above their resonance frequency, an elaborate dimensioning of the resulting volume is not necessary.
  • the volume connected to each tweeter single speaker is 0.0361 1. The dimensions of the volumes are determined by the dimensions of the single loudspeaker.
  • the struts 19a, 19b achieve additional stiffening of the housing and cause the volume for the woofer array to be divided into two chambers, as is known Fig. 2c or even out Fig. 4a or Fig. 4b is apparent.
  • Dividing the total volume into two chambers for the sub-arrays of woofer loudspeakers leads to an efficient stiffening of the housing and to the fact that bending vibrations of the housing front and / or the housing rear wall and modes in the housing are suppressed, in order to have corresponding negative influences on the behavior of the housing Reduce speaker.
  • Other stiffening elements, as at 21 in Fig. 4b or 22 in Fig. 4a are shown are inserted to improve the rigidity of the wood material used, which is relatively low.
  • the height and width of the housing are not even multiples to the Training of simultaneous longitudinal and transverse modes not to favor.
  • the inside depth is at the in Fig. 2a or 2b shown embodiment again 2.4 cm.
  • the outside dimensions of in Fig. 2a shown embodiment are in width 35.2 cm, in height 46.2 cm and in depth 3.6 cm. These external dimensions are also in the schematic drawing in Fig. 4a indicated together with other preferred dimensions of this embodiment.
  • the eccentric placement of the array on the front of the speaker is preferred.
  • the sound pressure of sound waves propagating from a sound source through a loudspeaker front changes as they hit an edge, because the energy of the wave splits to a different volume.
  • a sound wave bends around the housing.
  • the volume into which the sound wave propagates and the surface of the wavefront become larger.
  • the sound pressure on this surface decreases. Due to the change in pressure, a second sound source with opposite phase arises at this edge.
  • the sound emitted by this secondary sound source is superimposed with the sound radiated from the primary sound source.
  • the frequency response of the loudspeaker alternately leads to constructive and destructive interference. If the path difference equivalent to the transit time difference corresponds to integer multiples of a wavelength, then minima occur at the corresponding frequencies, with integer multiples of half the wavelength, overshoots occur. If the array were to be placed centrally on the baffle, observation points near the 0 ° axis would experience superimposition of the interference phenomena due to equal run times with respect to right and left or upper and lower baffle edges. The consequence of this is a location-dependent frequency response, which in some cases is characterized by severe break-ins and overshoots.
  • the position of the Arrays on the front panel selected so that the distance from the central single speaker to the top, bottom and the side edges of the housing are as different as possible and not integer multiples of each other. This prevents the unfavorable coincidence of interference effects.
  • the division of the housing into two equal-sized chambers by stiffening webs requires that the array is centered horizontally.
  • the distance from the center of the array to the side edges is 17.6 cm.
  • the distance from the center of the array to the upper edge of the housing is set to 14.1 cm.
  • the distance to the lower edge of the housing is thus 23.1 cm.
  • the 6 mm thick strips in the embodiment, with which the Hochtontreiber be separated do not hinder the air compression at the rear open membranes, not all individual speakers of the array are arranged without a gap. Instead, between the individual speakers of the middle column of the array and the individual speakers of the left and right adjacent columns a distance of 6 mm is made, as is Fig. 4a is apparent.
  • insulating wool It is preferred to dampen the housing with insulating wool to avoid housing modes.
  • An insulating wool with a thickness of 3 cm and a mass of 280 g / m 2 can be used. Housing modes should be removed by absorption in the insulation energy so that they can not fully or not form. This principle works only at high speed sound. Since at the edges of housings in standing waves are always maximum pressure and minimum minima, therefore, no insulation material is introduced at the edges of the housing over a width of about 7 cm, as shown schematically in FIG Fig. 2c you can see.
  • FIGS Figures 5a-5d various measurements on the in Fig. 2a to Fig. 2d explained Speaker according to a preferred embodiment explained.
  • the separation of the audio signals into a high-tone branch and a low-frequency branch through the crossover 16 is performed by means of fourth-order Linkwitz-Riley filters for the crossover.
  • the transfer function of the crossover is in Fig. 5b shown.
  • the level of the high-frequency branch is raised by 3 dB compared to the low-frequency signal.
  • the loudspeaker is preceded by an 80 Hz high pass, which is in Fig. 3 not shown.
  • Fig. 5b shows the frequency responses of high and low frequencies on the 0 ° axis.
  • the acoustic summation of both paths gives the in Fig. 5c shown unbalanced frequency response.
  • An equalized frequency response is in Fig. 5d shown, in which a much better linearity can be seen, and in which also a significantly improved behavior in the lower frequency range and a lowered lower limit frequency has been obtained.
  • the frequency response at the in Fig. 5d metrologically characterized embodiment is linearized in the range of 100 Hz to 20 kHz, so that a ripple of +/- 2 dB can be achieved.
  • the cut-off frequency at -6 dB is 100 Hz.
  • the sound pressure level has also fallen by 6 dB.
  • the average electrical sensitivity of the speaker is 101 dB / 1W / 1m. This value is high compared to conventional hi-fi speakers and is due to the high sensitivity of the caseless single speakers.
  • 2e shows an alternative implementation of the flat housing with chamfers attached, to come closer to a housing front similar to a truncated pyramid for attenuating interference effects due to diffraction phenomena at the edges of the housing. This allows a better linear frequency response can be achieved.
  • the flat housing can be designed as a bass reflex enclosure, which is not completely closed, but has one or more openings in the baffle , which can also be extended as channels into the housing inside.
  • the housing of a bass reflex system is a Helmholtz resonator with a closed mounting hole for the transducer. Within the bass reflex channel is an air mass, which oscillates at resonance at maximum amplitude. The resonator is tuned to a resonant frequency below the resonant frequency of the transducer and then contributes significantly to the sound radiation of the loudspeaker at low frequencies.
  • a properly tuned bass reflex design has an impedance curve with two adjacent maxima.
  • the maximum sound pressure is radiated by the bass reflex tube at the minimum f b between the two impedance maxima.
  • the sound pressure emitted by the bass reflex channel decreases in the direction of higher and lower frequencies.
  • the goal of tuning a bass reflex system is the constructive superimposition of sound components emitted by the sound transducer and bass reflex port.
  • a bass reflex opening on the lower side wall of the housing which is for example in Fig. 2b is shown provided, this channel opening is designed rectangular with a width of 5 cm.
  • the length of a reflex tube for a chamber then results, for example, to 3.3 cm.
  • An optimized case has a width of 41.5 cm, height of 66.2 cm and depth of 2.4 cm, these dimensions are based on the internal dimensions Respectively.
  • the opening of the bass reflex channel can be increased in other embodiments, in particular be increased over the entire width of a chamber of 17.2 cm, for example. Accordingly, the length of the reflex tube can be increased since the length must also be increased with increasing opening area if the tuning frequency is to be maintained.
  • the reflex opening can also be arranged on the upper narrow side of the housing.
  • a closed loudspeaker with a flat arrangement of 25 miniature loudspeakers as a sound transducer is preferred, wherein the number of sound transducers depending on the application can also be between 9 and 49.
  • a square shape of the arrangement of the sound transducers is preferred, wherein the area array is divided into separate sub-arrays of the critical woofer-providing single loudspeakers preferably to work in separate volumes.
  • a symmetrical 2-way arrangement is used, wherein the individual speakers of the other arrays between the two sub-arrays, which work as a tweeter, are weighted by coefficients of Bessel functions.
  • the excitation signal of the system is equalized with a loudspeaker controller and actively separated and amplified by means of two power amplifiers. This achieves hi-fi-standard values for the maximum achievable sound pressure level as well as for the ripple of the frequency response and harmonic distortion.
  • the speaker is characterized by a continuous, not overly bundling straightening behavior without sidelobes.
  • Speakers according to the present invention can be used both in classic stereo or multi-channel setups, preferably with a subwoofer for the lowest frequency range.
  • the array concept leads to a high scalability of the system. So can with loudspeaker panels for Wave field synthesis of the spacing of adjacent playback channels are minimized by the small diameter of the individual speakers. Due to the possibility of discretely controlling individual caseless single loudspeakers and thus certain areas of an array, it is also possible to use time-modifiable actuators.
  • the bundling effect of the loudspeaker in the vertical plane above 10 kHz can be further reduced by a modified array drive, if above 10 kHz only a single speaker is operated.
  • the vertical radiation angle can be increased above 10 kHz with such a 3-way system.
  • the sound pressure increase in the frequency response of the miniature driver used in the embodiments is preferably eliminated, so that no more equalization is necessary.
  • the radiated sound pressure is increased by increasing the diaphragm stroke.
  • the radiated sound pressure ideally doubles as well.
  • the force generated by the drive of an electrodynamic transducer is determined by the product of the magnetic flux density B of the magnet, the length 1 of the coil wire, and the flowing current I in the coil.
  • the loudspeaker according to the invention is implemented as an active loudspeaker with internal signal processing on a DSP since there is one (eg active) crossover and an equalization and a multi-channel amplification can be used and integrated into the speaker housing.
  • the speaker according to the invention is characterized by an exceptionally small housing depth, by a cost-effective manufacturability and by convincing values both on the metrological side and on a subjective level.
  • FIG. 12 shows a loudspeaker in which a further array of individual loudspeakers is preferably provided in the center of the loudspeaker, in which one or more individual loudspeakers are tilted with respect to the individual loudspeakers of the area array, such that a surface normal to an active surface of a single loudspeaker of the further array of FIG a surface normal to an active area of a single speaker of the area array differs.
  • the tilt can be, for example, 30 degrees with respect to the normal and is preferably between 10 ° and 70 °.
  • a listener may have an orientation of the speakers even if the flat speaker is mounted on the wall and can not be rotated. However, alignment is not required for the approximate omnidirectional pattern of the woofer array.
  • Fig. 7b shows a speaker in which there is another array of individual speakers, which is reset in the housing, or which has a waveguide device in front of the active surface.
  • a reset and waveguide structure is used to have a flat surface of the loudspeaker.
  • the reset of the tweeter in the middle is not critical, because the necessary volume of air for the tweeter due to the high frequencies is small or total irrelevant.
  • the waveguide structure serves to do the inherent Directivity in the intended area and it will have a horn-like shape.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP17158435.2A 2009-02-16 2010-02-04 Haut-parleur Pending EP3197178A1 (fr)

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EP09002148 2009-02-16
DE102009010278.7A DE102009010278B4 (de) 2009-02-16 2009-02-24 Lautsprecher
EP10702679.1A EP2396973B1 (fr) 2009-02-16 2010-02-04 Haut-parleur plat

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Publication number Publication date
DE102009010278B4 (de) 2018-12-20
DE102009010278A1 (de) 2010-08-19
JP5405598B2 (ja) 2014-02-05
JP2012518304A (ja) 2012-08-09
US9191734B2 (en) 2015-11-17
EP2396973B1 (fr) 2019-08-14
EP2396973A1 (fr) 2011-12-21
WO2010091999A1 (fr) 2010-08-19
US20120008812A1 (en) 2012-01-12
CN102396243B (zh) 2014-09-17
CN102396243A (zh) 2012-03-28

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