WO2012054377A1 - Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using - Google Patents
Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012054377A1 WO2012054377A1 PCT/US2011/056528 US2011056528W WO2012054377A1 WO 2012054377 A1 WO2012054377 A1 WO 2012054377A1 US 2011056528 W US2011056528 W US 2011056528W WO 2012054377 A1 WO2012054377 A1 WO 2012054377A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tube layer
- inner tube
- layer
- alumina
- bimetallic
- Prior art date
Links
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001005 Ni3Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 154
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G75/00—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
- C10G9/203—Tube furnaces chemical composition of the tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
- F16L9/04—Reinforced pipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- a large amount of heavy resid content is characteristic of heavy oils.
- the atmospheric resid must be subjected to more refining. Following the atmospheric tower, the resid is further heated in another series of heat exchangers and then another furnace and sent to a vacuum distillation tower, where light vacuum gas oil and heavy vacuum gas oil are extracted from the resid.
- the remaining tarry fluid left near the base of the vacuum tower, the vacuum residue can either be (i) claimed as asphalt, or (ii) subject to further processing, such as coking.
- the delayed coking process is one of the most widely commercially practiced of the coking processes.
- the resid is heated to the coking temperature by flowing through a long tube in a furnace and then allowed to react at this elevated temperature after flowing into the bottom of a high cylindrical insulated drum.
- the volatile products are removed to a fractionator and coke accumulates in the drum.
- the heavy liquid product from the fractionator is recycled back to the furnace.
- the feed is switched to a second drum.
- the coke is mined out of the drum by drilling a hole down the center with high pressure water and cutting out the remainder also with high-pressure water to get the drum ready for the next coke accumulation cycle.
- the radiant coil of the refinery process furnace has an inlet pipe section and an outlet pipe section.
- a plurality of essentially straight horizontal pipe sections is arranged in at least two vertical banks.
- the vertical banks are parallel and horizontally spaced apart.
- a plurality of bent pipe sweep return bends are arranged in vertical banks at either end of the straight pipe banks. Each bend connects a pair of straight pipe sections in adjacent vertical banks thereof.
- the return bends are sloped between horizontal and vertical, and one of the straight pipe sections in the pair connected by a return bend is elevated with respect to the other.
- a tubeside fluid flow path is provided from the inlet pipe section through an alternating series of the straight pipe sections and the return bends to the outlet pipe section.
- Figure 1 depicts a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the bimetallic tube revealing the outer 9Cr (T9) steel layer and the inner alumina- forming plasma powder welding (PPW) layer.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Figure 2 depicts an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) concentration line profile of each main element of an alumina- forming bimetallic tube of the present disclosure.
- EDXS energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
- the present disclosure provides compositions of, methods of making and methods of using alumina forming bimetallic tubes for a radiant coil of the refinery process furnace.
- the present disclosure also provides novel compositions and methods to achieve stable, durable surfaces to resist high temperature corrosion and coking refinery process furnaces, and more particularly in furnace radiant coils, and other components in refinery process furnaces for transporting or conveying hydrocarbon process streams, which may be prone to coking.
- the present disclosure also provides novel compositions and methods to achieve stable, durable surfaces to resist high temperature corrosion and fouling in fired heater tubes, in refinery process furnaces and other components used for transporting or conveying process streams, which may be prone to fouling.
- the alumina forming bulk alloy may further include intermetallic precipitates at from 0.1 wt.% to 30.0 wt.%, including, but not limited to, Ni 3 Al, NiAl and sigma-phase.
- the alumina forming bulk alloy may further include inclusions at from 0.01 wt.% to 5.0 wt.%, including, but not limited to, oxide, carbide, nitride and carbonitride inclusions.
- These intermetallic precipitates and inclusions are forrmed from the constituting elements of the alumina forming bulk alloy including, but not limited to, Fe, Ni, Cr, Al and Si. Both intermetallic precipitates and oxide, carbide, nitride and carbonitride inclusions may provide improved high temperature creep strength.
- the present disclosure also provides a method for reducing corrosion, coking and/or fouling in refinery process furnaces, and more particularly in furnace radiant coils for the transport of hydrocarbon feedstocks in refinery process operations.
- the method provides a bimetallic tube for use in the refinery process furnaces, and more particularly in furnace radiant coils, including: i) an outer tube layer being formed from carbon steels or low chromium steels comprising less than 15.0 wt.% Cr based on the total weight of the steel; ii) an inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy comprising 5.0 to 10.0 wt.% of Al, 20.0 wt.% to 25.0 wt.% Cr, less than 0.4 wt.% Si, and at least 35.0 wt.% Fe with the balance being Ni, wherein an inner tube layer is formed by a PPW process on the inner surface of the outer tube layer; and iii) an oxide layer formed on the surface of the inner tube layer, wherein the oxide layer
- compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, a reduction of carburization and sulfidation corrosion and the reduction of coking in fired heater tubes in refining processing facilities, refinery process furnaces, more particularly in furnace radiant coils, and in other ancillary and related industries such as synthetic fuels processes (e.g., coal to liquids, coal gasification and gas to liquids) and other components used for transporting or conveying hydrocarbon process feedstocks, which may be prone to corrosion and coking.
- synthetic fuels processes e.g., coal to liquids, coal gasification and gas to liquids
- the present disclosure also relates to the reduction of corrosion and coking associated with process streams, which include, but are not limited to hydrocarbon feedstock streams encountered in refinery process furnaces. It more particularly relates to methods of reducing corrosion and coking in fired heater tubes in refinery process furnaces by use of alumina forming bimetallic tube.
- the bimetallic tubes of the present disclosure described herein may be utilized in the following non-limiting types of applications and uses.
- Surfaces of the fired heater tubes which would benefit from the alumina forming bulk alloy of the instant disclosure include apparatus, reactor systems and units that are in contact with hydrocarbon process streams at any time during use.
- these apparatus, reactor systems and units include, but are not limited to, atmospheric and vacuum distillation pipestills, cokers and visbreakers in refinery processing facilities and other components used for transporting or conveying process streams, which may be prone to corrosion and fouling.
- the resultant bimetallic tube was comprised of: i) a 9.5 mm thick outer tube layer of T9 low chromium steel; ii) a 2.0 mm thick inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy; and iii) a 50 nm thick native alumina film formed on the surface of the inner tube layer.
- the cross sectional image of the bimetallic tube revealing the outer 9Cr steel layer and the inner alumina- forming PPW layer is shown in Figure 1.
- EDXS is not as accurate as EPMA, but still provides a result that the inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy is comprised of 5.0 to 10.0 wt.% of Al, 20.0 wt.% to 25.0 wt.% Cr, less than 0.4 wt.% Si, and at least 35.0 wt.% Fe with the balance being Ni. Scattering of each data point is due to presence of intermetallic precipitates, Cr-rich carbide precipitates, and aluminum nitride inclusions in the PPW layer.
- Example 2 Crack- free alumina- forming bimetallic tube made out of 9Cr (T9 low chromium steel.
- Example 3 (Comparative Example): Cracked alumina- forming bimetallic tube made out of 9Cr (T9 low chromium steel.
- the resultant bimetallic tube was comprised of: i) a 9.5 mm thick outer tube layer of T9 low chromium steel; ii) a 2.0 mm thick inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy; and iii) a 50 nm thick native alumina film formed on the surface of the inner tube layer.
- the cross sectional image of the bimetallic tube revealing the outer 9Cr steel layer and the inner alumina- forming PPW layer is shown in Figure 1.
- the chemical composition of alumina forming bulk alloy determined by EPMA was Balanced Ni:22.10Cr:6.90Al:36.30Fe:0.20Si in wt.%. Since Si concentration was less than 0.4 wt.%, Fe concentration was at least 35.0 wt.%, and Cr concentration was 20.0 wt.% to 24.0 wt.%, a crack-free alumina-forming bimetallic tube was fabricated. Detailed microscopic examination by use of SEM revealed columnar grain structure of the inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy by a PPW process. Also observed in the microstructure were Al-rich Ni 3 Al or NiAl type grains, aluminum nitride inclusions and Cr-rich carbide precipitates.
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Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR112013009481A BR112013009481A2 (pt) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | tubo bimetálico formado de alumina para fornos de processos de refinaria e métodos de fabricação e uso do mesmo |
| JP2013534985A JP2014501620A (ja) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | 製油所プロセス炉用のアルミナ形成バイメタル管ならびに製造および使用方法 |
| CN2011800615015A CN103282137A (zh) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | 用于炼油工艺炉的形成氧化铝的双金属管及其制造和使用方法 |
| KR1020137012848A KR20130138805A (ko) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | 정유 공정 노를 위한 알루미나-형성 이원금속 관 및 이의 제조 및 사용 방법 |
| CA2815357A CA2815357A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
| EP11834922.4A EP2629903A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40542710P | 2010-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | |
| US61/405,427 | 2010-10-21 | ||
| US13/271,856 | 2011-10-12 | ||
| US13/271,856 US8808867B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-12 | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012054377A1 true WO2012054377A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2011/056528 WO2012054377A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-17 | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013155367A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
| US8877342B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2014-11-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
| CN106273887A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州润利电器有限公司 | 一种五金冲压件用双层复合耐用合金 |
| CN106273886A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州润利电器有限公司 | 一种五金冲压件用双层复合安全合金 |
| EP3124645A4 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-11-01 | Kubota Corporation | Casting product having alumina barrier layer |
| EP3239311A4 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2018-06-20 | Kubota Corporation | Heat-resistant pipe having alumina barrier layer |
| US11674212B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2023-06-13 | Kubota Corporation | Cast product having alumina barrier layer |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20230106174A (ko) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-07-12 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 이중관 및 용접 이음 |
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| US4679294A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1987-07-14 | Lomax Donald P | Method for making a trimetallic cylinder |
| US20100015564A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2010-01-21 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High performance coatings and surfaces to mitigate corrosion and fouling in fired heater tubes |
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| JPS5829355B2 (ja) * | 1979-07-17 | 1983-06-22 | 三井造船株式会社 | 炭化水素の熱分解装置 |
| JP2631648B2 (ja) * | 1986-10-23 | 1997-07-16 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 耐食性並びに流体への酸化防止被膜を有する電縫鋼管およびその製造方法 |
| JP2001107833A (ja) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-17 | Toshiba Corp | 水力機械およびその製造方法 |
| KR20030024685A (ko) * | 2000-06-08 | 2003-03-26 | 서피스 엔지니어드 프로덕츠 코포레이션 | 고온 스테인레스강을 위한 코팅 시스템 |
| US6648988B2 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-11-18 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Furnace run length extension by fouling control |
| EP1717330B1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2018-06-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Metal tube for use in carburizing gas atmosphere |
| US7354660B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2008-04-08 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High performance alloys with improved metal dusting corrosion resistance |
| CN101379362B (zh) * | 2005-12-21 | 2012-03-28 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 用于减少结焦的防腐蚀材料、具有改进的防腐蚀性和抗结焦性的传热组件以及减少结焦的方法 |
| CN101512674A (zh) * | 2006-07-18 | 2009-08-19 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 具有改进的抗金属灰化腐蚀性的高性能涂覆材料 |
| US8808867B2 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2014-08-19 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
-
2011
- 2011-10-17 BR BR112013009481A patent/BR112013009481A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-10-17 EP EP11834922.4A patent/EP2629903A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-17 WO PCT/US2011/056528 patent/WO2012054377A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-10-17 CN CN2011800615015A patent/CN103282137A/zh active Pending
- 2011-10-17 JP JP2013534985A patent/JP2014501620A/ja active Pending
- 2011-10-17 CA CA2815357A patent/CA2815357A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-17 KR KR1020137012848A patent/KR20130138805A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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| US4679294A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1987-07-14 | Lomax Donald P | Method for making a trimetallic cylinder |
| US20100015564A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2010-01-21 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High performance coatings and surfaces to mitigate corrosion and fouling in fired heater tubes |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8877342B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2014-11-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
| WO2013155367A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Alumina forming bimetallic tube for refinery process furnaces and method of making and using |
| EP3124645A4 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-11-01 | Kubota Corporation | Casting product having alumina barrier layer |
| EP3124645B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-10-23 | Kubota Corporation | Casting product having alumina barrier layer |
| US11674212B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2023-06-13 | Kubota Corporation | Cast product having alumina barrier layer |
| EP3239311A4 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2018-06-20 | Kubota Corporation | Heat-resistant pipe having alumina barrier layer |
| CN106273887A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州润利电器有限公司 | 一种五金冲压件用双层复合耐用合金 |
| CN106273886A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州润利电器有限公司 | 一种五金冲压件用双层复合安全合金 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103282137A (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
| BR112013009481A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
| CA2815357A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
| KR20130138805A (ko) | 2013-12-19 |
| JP2014501620A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
| EP2629903A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
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