WO2012053639A1 - 超音波探傷装置、超音波トランスデューサ、及び超音波探傷方法 - Google Patents
超音波探傷装置、超音波トランスデューサ、及び超音波探傷方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
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- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2694—Wings or other aircraft parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detector that inspects the state of internal defects in a curved portion of a laminated part made of a composite material, an ultrasonic transducer that is a main component of the ultrasonic flaw detector, and the like.
- an ultrasonic transducer that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves is usually used.
- the ultrasonic transducer includes a transducer main body, and the transducer main body has a vibration surface having a curved shape in a side view corresponding to the curved surface on the large diameter side or the curved surface on the small diameter side in the curved portion of the laminated component. ing.
- a plurality of vibrators are arranged on the vibration surface of the transducer body along the bending direction of the vibration surface of the transducer body, and each vibrator transmits ultrasonic waves toward the curved portion side of the laminated component. Or a reflected wave from the curved portion side of the laminated component, and is electrically connected to the control unit.
- the ultrasonic transducer when inspecting the state of the internal defect in the curved part of the laminated part, first, the ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the laminated part, so that the vibration surface of the transducer body is changed in the curved part of the laminated part. It is made to oppose the large-diameter side curved surface or the small-diameter side curved surface. Then, the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the plurality of vibrators are incident on the curved part side of the multilayer component, and the reflected waves are received from the curved part side of the multilayer component by the plural vibrators. Thereby, the state of the internal defect in the curved part of a laminated component can be inspected nondestructively by the control unit based on the received signals (flaw detection signals from the ultrasonic transducer) from the plurality of transducers.
- the prior art relating to the present invention includes, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-90829 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-18488.
- the ultrasonic intensity of the reflected wave decreases, and the ultrasonic transducer sufficiently absorbs the reflected wave due to internal defects in the curved portion of the multilayer component. Cannot be detected.
- the detection sensitivity of the reflected wave received by the transducer is increased, the noise echo increases, and the SN ratio (defect echo intensity and noise echo intensity of the flaw detection signal (received signal from the transducer) from the ultrasonic transducer is increased. Ratio) is low.
- an ultrasonic flaw detector an ultrasonic transducer and the like having a high SN ratio and improved flaw detection accuracy.
- the ultrasonic transducer has a transducer body having a vibration surface having a curved shape in a side view corresponding to a curved surface on the large diameter side or a curved surface on the small diameter side in the curved portion of the laminated component on the tip side,
- the vibration surface of the transducer body is arranged in a matrix in the bending direction (bending direction) of the vibration surface of the transducer body and the width direction of the transducer body (in other words, the direction orthogonal to the side surface of the contact body).
- a plurality of transducers that transmit ultrasonic waves toward the curved portion side of the laminated component or receive reflected waves from the curved portion side of the laminated component.
- the control unit is configured to transmit the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception based on a preset transmission / reception pattern in each transducer group including the plurality of transducers arranged in the width direction. While switching along the width direction, processing by the aperture synthesis method (reception signal superimposition processing) is sequentially performed based on the reception signal from the transducer for reception.
- the “internal defect state” means the presence or absence of an internal defect, the size of the internal defect, the position of the internal defect, etc.
- a side-view curved shape corresponding to means a side-view curved shape along a curved surface and a shape along a surface obtained by inverting the curved surface.
- the “transmission transducer” refers to the transducer selected to transmit ultrasonic waves, and the “reception transducer” is selected to receive reflected waves.
- the said vibrator oscillator said.
- an ultrasonic transducer used for inspecting the state of an internal defect in a curved portion (bent portion) of a laminated part made of a composite material and transmitting / receiving ultrasonic waves is provided on the tip side.
- a transducer body having a curved vibration surface in a side view corresponding to a curved surface on the large diameter side or a curved surface on the small diameter side in the curved portion of the laminated component, and the vibration surface of the transducer body on the vibration surface of the transducer body Are arranged in a matrix in the bending direction of the transducer body and the width direction of the transducer body, that is, the direction orthogonal to the side surface of the contactor body, and transmit ultrasonic waves toward the bending portion side of the laminated part, or the laminated part And a plurality of transducers for receiving reflected waves from the bending portion side.
- an ultrasonic flaw detection method for inspecting a state of an internal defect in a curved portion (bent portion) of a laminated part made of a composite material using the ultrasonic transducer having the second feature. Then, by moving the ultrasonic transducer relative to the laminated component, the vibration surface of the transducer body is opposed to the large-diameter curved surface or the small-diameter curved surface of the curved portion of the laminated component.
- the transducer group configured by a plurality of the transducers arranged in the width direction under a state in which an acoustic medium is interposed between the curved portion of the laminated component and the ultrasonic transducer , While switching the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception along the width direction based on a preset transmission / reception pattern,
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the moving element is made incident on the curved portion of the multilayer component, and the reflected wave is received from the curved portion side of the multilayer component by the transducer for reception.
- the processing by the aperture synthesis method is performed on the basis of the received signal from all the transducer groups, and in all other transducer groups, the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception are switched along the width direction while receiving.
- the state of the internal defect in the curved portion of the multilayer component is inspected by sequentially performing processing by an aperture synthesis method based on a reception signal from the vibrator.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged side view of an ultrasonic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3A is a view taken along line IIIB-IIIB in FIG. 4B
- FIG. 3B is a plan view of the vibration surface of the transducer body in the ultrasonic transducer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a front view of the ultrasonic transducer according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4B is a side view of the ultrasonic transducer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an ultrasonic flaw detector 1 is an apparatus that inspects the state of internal defects in a curved portion (bent portion) Wc of a laminated component W made of a composite material.
- the ultrasonic transducer 3 that transmits and receives the sound wave S (see FIG. 2) through the acoustic medium M, and the control for performing the inspection process of the internal defect state of the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W based on the flaw detection signal from the ultrasonic transducer 3 Unit 5 is provided.
- the laminated part W is a casing as an aircraft part composed of a fiber reinforced composite material (FRP), and the curved part Wc of the laminated part W is a root part of the flange of the casing.
- the acoustic medium M is a liquid such as water or a solid.
- the specific configuration of the ultrasonic transducer 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the ultrasonic transducer 3 includes a transducer main body 7, and this transducer main body 7 has a curved surface on the large-diameter side in the curved portion Wc of the laminated component W on the distal end side.
- the vibration surface 9 has a curved shape along the side view.
- the transducer body 7 instead of the transducer body 7 having the vibration surface 9 having a curved shape in a side view along the curved surface on the large diameter side in the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W, the transducer body 7 corresponds to the curved surface on the small diameter side in the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W. It may be a shape.
- a plurality of (8 ⁇ 8 in the embodiment of the present invention) piezoelectric vibrators 11 are provided with the bending direction AD of the vibration surface 9 of the transducer body 7 and the width of the transducer body 7. It is arranged in a matrix in the direction, that is, the direction BD orthogonal to the side surface of the transducer body 7.
- Each piezoelectric vibrator 11 transmits the ultrasonic wave S toward the curved portion Wc side of the multilayer component W or receives the reflected wave S from the curved portion Wc side of the multilayer component W.
- Each piezoelectric vibrator 11 is made of a composite material or a ceramic material, and is connected to the control unit 5.
- one piezoelectric vibrator group 11G is constituted by eight piezoelectric vibrators 11 arranged in the width direction BD, and the number of piezoelectric vibrator groups 11G is eight. .
- a damper (not shown) that absorbs excess vibration of the plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 11 is provided inside the transducer body 7.
- control unit 5 The specific configuration of the control unit 5 according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the control unit 5 includes a signal generator 13 that supplies a drive signal (transmission signal) to the piezoelectric vibrator 11 and a reception signal from the piezoelectric vibrator 11 (a flaw detection signal from the ultrasonic transducer 3).
- the receiver 15 is provided.
- the signal generator 13 and the plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 11 described above are connected to the switching circuit 17, and the switching circuit 17 puts the selected piezoelectric vibrator 11 and the signal generator 13 into a connected state and a disconnected state. Switching is possible.
- the receiver 15 and the plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 11 are connected to a signal detection circuit 19, and the signal detection circuit 19 can switch the selected piezoelectric vibrator 11 and the receiver 115 between a connected state and a cutoff state. It is.
- the switching circuit 17 moves the transmission (T) piezoelectric vibrator 11 in each piezoelectric vibrator group 11G in the width direction BD based on a preset first transmission / reception pattern. It is divided into 8 steps along.
- the signal detection circuit 19 can switch the receiving (R) piezoelectric vibrator 11 in each piezoelectric vibrator group 11G in eight stages along the width direction BD based on the first transmission / reception pattern.
- the transmission / reception piezoelectric vibrators 11 (transmission piezoelectric vibrators) in each piezoelectric vibrator group 11G based on a preset second transmission / reception pattern. 11 and the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11) can be switched in eight stages along the width direction BD.
- the transmission piezoelectric vibrator 11 is located in an intermediate region in the width direction BD on the vibration surface 9 of the transducer body 7, and the reception (R) piezoelectric vibrator 11 is The transmission (T) piezoelectric vibrator 11 is sandwiched from both sides in the width direction BD.
- a signal processing unit 21 is connected to the receiver 15, and the signal processing unit 21 opens in each piezoelectric vibrator group 11 ⁇ / b> G based on a reception signal obtained by amplifying a signal received by the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11. Processing by the combining method (reception signal superimposition processing) is sequentially performed. In the processing by the aperture synthesis method, system information such as the positional relationship between the ultrasonic transducer 3 and the curved portion Wc of the laminated component W, the flaw detection frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 3, the sound velocity in the laminated component W and the acoustic medium M, and the like. Is used. Further, the signal processing unit 21 is connected to a display unit (not shown) that displays the result of processing by the signal processing unit 21 (aperture composite image or the like) and positional information of the transducer 3.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described including its operation.
- the vibration surface 9 of the transducer body 7 is opposed to the curved surface on the large diameter side in the curved portion Wc of the laminated component W.
- the ultrasonic wave S transmitted from the transmission piezoelectric vibrator 11 is bent in the multilayer component W under the state where the acoustic medium M is interposed between the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W and the ultrasonic transducer 3.
- the reflected wave S is received by the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11 by being incident on the portion Wc.
- the transmission / reception piezoelectric vibrator 11 in any one of the piezoelectric vibrator groups 11G is moved by the switching circuit 17 and the signal detection circuit 19 along the width direction BD based on the first transmission / reception pattern or the second transmission / reception pattern.
- Switch to stage or four stages see FIGS. 5 and 6).
- the ultrasonic wave S transmitted from the transmission piezoelectric vibrator 11 is made incident on the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W, and the reflected wave is reflected from the curved portion Wc side of the multilayer component W by the reception piezoelectric vibrator 11. S is received (see FIG. 2).
- the signal processing unit 21 performs processing by the aperture synthesis method based on the received signal from the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11 in any of the piezoelectric vibrator groups 11G.
- the switching circuit 17 and the signal detection circuit 19 make the transmission / reception piezoelectric vibrator 11 8 along the width direction BD based on the first transmission / reception pattern or the second transmission / reception pattern.
- the signal processing unit 21 sequentially performs processing by the aperture synthesis method based on the reception signal from the reception piezoelectric vibrator 11 while switching between the stages or the four stages.
- the control unit 5 inspects the state of internal defects (presence / absence of internal defects, size of internal defects, position of internal defects, etc.) by the control unit 5 for a partial region in the circumferential direction in the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W. (Flaw detection processing) can be performed, in other words, the state of internal defects can be inspected (flaw detection).
- the ultrasonic transducer 3 is moved in the circumferential direction relative to the multilayer component W, By continuing the processing as described above, the state of the internal defect can be inspected for the entire circumferential region in the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W.
- each piezoelectric vibrator group 11G is formed by the switching circuit 17 and the signal detection circuit 19.
- the signal processing unit 21 performs processing by the aperture synthesis method on the basis of the received signal from the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11 in each piezoelectric vibrator group 11G while switching the transmitting / receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11 along the width direction BD. It can be carried out.
- the detection sensitivity of the reflected wave S received by the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11 is set high.
- the reflected wave S due to the internal defect in the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W can be detected sufficiently and reliably by the ultrasonic transducer 3.
- the embodiment of the present invention even if the number of layers of the multilayer component W increases and the thickness of the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W increases, noise echo is reduced and the ultrasonic transducer 3
- the SN ratio of the flaw detection signal (reception signal from the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11) can be increased, and the inspection accuracy (flaw detection accuracy) of the state of the internal defect in the curved portion Wc of the multilayer component W can be improved.
- the receiving piezoelectric vibrator 11 suitable for receiving the reflected wave S by limiting the inspection range (flaw detection range) by the ultrasonic transducer 3.
- the processing by the aperture synthesis method can be performed on the basis of the received signal from, and the inspection accuracy of the state of the internal defect in the curved portion Wc of the laminated component W can be further improved.
- the ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the laminated component, so that the vibration surface of the transducer body is at the curved portion of the laminated component. It is made to oppose the large-diameter side curved surface or the small-diameter side curved surface.
- transmission is performed from the transducer for transmission while the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception in one of the transducer groups are switched along the width direction of the transducer based on the transmission / reception pattern by the control unit.
- the ultrasonic wave thus made is incident on the curved portion of the laminated component, and the reflected wave is received from the curved portion side of the laminated component by the receiving vibrator.
- the control unit performs processing by the aperture synthesis method based on the reception signal from the transducer for reception in one of the transducer groups. Similarly, in all the other transducer groups, the control unit switches the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception along the width direction, while changing from the transducer for reception to the reception signal. Based on this, processing by the aperture synthesis method is sequentially performed. Thereby, the control unit can perform the inspection process of the state of the internal defect in the curved portion of the multilayer component, in other words, the state of the internal defect in the curved portion of the multilayer component. Can do.
- a plurality of the vibrators are arranged in a matrix in the bending direction and the width direction on the vibration surface of the transducer body. While sequentially switching the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception in the group along the width direction based on the transmission / reception pattern, the processing by the aperture synthesis method is sequentially performed based on the reception signal from the transducer for reception. It can be carried out.
- the ultrasonic transducer can sufficiently and reliably detect a reflected wave due to the internal defect in the curved portion of the laminated component.
- the plurality of transducers are arranged in a matrix in the bending direction and the width direction on the vibration surface of the transducer body.
- the transducer for reception while switching the transducer for transmission and the transducer for reception in each transducer group along the width direction based on the transmission / reception pattern by the control unit. From the received signal, processing by the aperture synthesis method can be performed.
- the ultrasonic transducer can sufficiently and reliably detect a reflected wave due to the internal defect in the curved portion of the laminated component.
- the ultrasonic transducer even if the number of layers of the multilayer component is increased and the thickness of the curved portion of the multilayer component is thick, a reflected wave due to the internal defect in the curved portion of the multilayer component is caused by the ultrasonic transducer. Since it can be detected sufficiently and reliably, noise echo is reduced, the SN ratio of the flaw detection signal from the ultrasonic transducer is increased, and the inspection accuracy of the state of the internal defect in the curved portion of the laminated part is improved. Can do.
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Abstract
Description
本国際特許出願は米国指定に関し、2010年10月22日に出願された日本国特許出願第2010-237649号(2010年10月22日出願)について米国特許法第119条(a)に基づく優先権の利益を援用し、当該開示内容を引用する。
Claims (8)
- 複合材料からなる積層部品の湾曲部における内部欠陥の状態を検査する超音波探傷装置であって、
超音波を送受信する超音波トランスデューサと、
前記超音波トランスデューサからの探傷信号に基づいて前記積層部品の前記湾曲部の前記内部欠陥の状態の検査処理を行う制御ユニットとを具備し、
前記超音波トランスデューサは、
先端側に前記積層部品の前記湾曲部における大径側の曲面又は小径側の曲面に対応する側面視湾曲形状の振動面を有したトランスデューサ本体と、
前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面に前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面の湾曲方向及び前記トランスデューサ本体の幅方向にマトリックス状に配設され、前記積層部品の前記湾曲部側に向かって超音波を送信したり又は前記積層部品の前記湾曲部側から反射波を受信したりする複数の振動子とを備え、
前記制御ユニットは、
前記幅方向に並んだ複数の前記振動子によって構成される各振動子群において、予め設定された送受信パターンに基づいて送信用の前記振動子及び受信用の前記振動子を前記幅方向に沿って切り替えつつ、受信用の前記振動子からの受信信号に基づいて開口合成法による処理を順次行うことを特徴とする超音波探傷装置。 - 送信用の前記振動子は、前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面における前記幅方向の中間領域内に位置してあって、受信用の前記振動子は送信用の前記振動子を前記幅方向の両側から挟むように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超音波探傷装置。
- 複合材料からなる積層部品の湾曲部における内部欠陥の状態を検査する際に用いられ、超音波を送受信する超音波トランスデューサであって、
先端側に前記積層部品の前記湾曲部における大径側の曲面又は小径側の曲面に対応する側面視湾曲形状の振動面を有したトランスデューサ本体と、
前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面に前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面の湾曲方向及び前記トランスデューサ本体の幅方向にマトリックス状に配設され、前記積層部品の前記湾曲部側に向かって超音波を送信したり又は前記積層部品の前記湾曲部側からの反射波を受信したりする複数の振動子とを備えたことを特徴とする超音波トランスデューサ。 - 請求項3に記載の超音波トランスデューサを用い、複合材料からなる積層部品の湾曲部における内部欠陥の状態を検査する超音波探傷方法であって、
前記超音波トランスデューサを前記積層部品に対して相対的に移動させることにより、前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面を前記積層部品の前記湾曲部における大径側の曲面又は小径側の曲面に対向させることと、
前記積層部品の前記湾曲部と前記超音波トランスデューサの間に音響媒体を介在させた状態の下で、前記幅方向に並んだ複数の前記振動子によって構成されるいずれかの前記振動子群において、予め設定された送受信パターンに基づいて送信用の前記振動子及び受信用の前記振動子を前記幅方向に沿って切り替えつつ、送信用の前記振動子から送信された超音波を前記積層部品の前記湾曲部に入射させて、受信用の前記振動子によって前記積層部品の前記湾曲部側から反射波を受信して、受信用の前記振動子から受信信号に基づいて開口合成法による処理を行うことと、
その他全ての前記振動子群においても、送信用の前記振動子及び受信用の前記振動子を前記幅方向に沿って切り替えつつ、受信用の前記振動子から受信信号に基づいて開口合成法による処理を順次行うことにより、前記積層部品の前記湾曲部における前記内部欠陥の状態を検査することと
を含むこと特徴とする超音波探傷方法。 - 送信用の前記振動子は、前記トランスデューサ本体の前記振動面における前記幅方向の中間領域内に位置してあって、受信用の前記振動子は、送信用の前記振動子を前記幅方向の両側から挟むようになっていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の超音波探傷方法。
- 前記積層部品は、繊維強化複合材料により構成された航空機部品であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の超音波探傷方法。
- 前記音響媒体は、液体であることを特徴とする請求項4から請求項6のうちのいずれかの請求項に記載の超音波探傷方法。
- 前記音響媒体は、固体であることを特徴とする請求項4から請求項6のうちのいずれかの請求項に記載の超音波探傷方法。
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