WO2012051788A1 - 改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法 - Google Patents

改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012051788A1
WO2012051788A1 PCT/CN2011/001524 CN2011001524W WO2012051788A1 WO 2012051788 A1 WO2012051788 A1 WO 2012051788A1 CN 2011001524 W CN2011001524 W CN 2011001524W WO 2012051788 A1 WO2012051788 A1 WO 2012051788A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
artificial
water
hollow body
manufacturing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001524
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈瑞文
陈庭豪
Original Assignee
Chen Jui-Wen
Chen Ting-Hao
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to LTEP11833694.0T priority Critical patent/LT2631364T/lt
Application filed by Chen Jui-Wen, Chen Ting-Hao filed Critical Chen Jui-Wen
Priority to DK11833694.0T priority patent/DK2631364T3/en
Priority to RU2013121145/03A priority patent/RU2535566C1/ru
Priority to NO11833694A priority patent/NO2631364T3/no
Priority to PL11833694T priority patent/PL2631364T3/pl
Priority to RS20180528A priority patent/RS57173B1/sr
Priority to SI201131473T priority patent/SI2631364T1/en
Priority to KR1020137012556A priority patent/KR101533897B1/ko
Priority to ES11833694.0T priority patent/ES2668209T3/es
Priority to EP11833694.0A priority patent/EP2631364B1/en
Publication of WO2012051788A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012051788A1/zh
Priority to HRP20180701TT priority patent/HRP20180701T1/hr
Priority to CY20181100477T priority patent/CY1120198T1/el

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E01C11/226—Coherent pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/50—Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes; Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs, in situ
    • E01C19/508—Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements in situ, e.g. by sectioning a freshly-laid slab
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/10—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and cement or like binders
    • E01C7/14—Concrete paving
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/001—Paving elements formed in situ; Permanent shutterings therefor ; Inlays or reinforcements which divide the cast material in a great number of individual units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a design for improving the manufacturing method of the artificial warming of the earth warming, in particular to constructing an ecological leveling layer under the ground and artificial permeable paving on the ground, so that the lowered rainwater is effectively and quickly planned to be guided to In the subterranean stratification, the effect of storing water and reducing the surface area of water is carried out, and the ecological gradation layer can make the microbial strain or the protozoa in the soil obtain a better breeding environment and achieve the biodiversity effect. It keeps the soil moist to regulate the temperature and humidity of the environment and improve the function of the soil.
  • the traditional surface pavement is composed of concrete or concrete combined with bricks, and the concrete is generally not water permeable. Even for water permeable concrete, the gap is easily blocked, and the concrete brick will produce calcium oxide to cause active sealing. The gap is too clean, so the permeable efficiency is far less than the rate at which heavy rain falls. Therefore, if water is accumulated on the surface of the ground, if the surface rainwater is not immediately discharged into the soil layer under the ground, the area is easy to Heavy rain and water accumulation. '
  • the soil Since ancient times, the soil has the function of adsorbing water and can be in contact with the atmosphere. When the atmosphere is dry or hot, the soil with sufficient humidity can emit water vapor as a heat exchange with the atmosphere. It also automatically has the function of humidity adjustment, which can avoid the heat island effect.
  • the traditional technology knows that if the ground does not have the function of rapid water seepage, the function of draining rainwater on the surface will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to construct a grading layer that effectively seeps and retains water.
  • it is necessary to create an environment favorable for microorganisms and protozoa in the soil.
  • the soil microorganisms mainly include bacteria, eubacteria and archaea, fungi, filamentous fungi and yeast, and algae.
  • the large number of soil protozoa such as amoeba, ciliate, and flagellate contributes a lot to the decomposition of organic matter.
  • Insects such as ants, cockroaches, hibiscus, cockroaches, etc. can move the soil or digest biological debris to provide organic matter. 5 ⁇ contributes to the formation of soil aggregates, which is good for ventilation and drainage.
  • Nematodes can digest organic matter or other small organisms.
  • a water-retaining grading layer can be constructed, which can directly contact the upper surface of the permeable pavement.
  • the soil layer can be in contact with the atmospheric environment, and the heat exchange of humidity and temperature is like a respiration.
  • adjustable temperature and humidity control the overall quick water guiding effect can avoid surface water, and it can be fully utilized.
  • the inventors actively developed and improved, designed a method for improving the artificial warming of the earth warming, which can easily construct a concrete pavement with environmental protection and water permeability, and make the underground leveling layer an ecological graded layer, which can be modified. Activates the organic matter of the soil and improves global warming.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks of the prior art and provide a A method for improving the artificial warming of the earth warming, so that the rainwater on the ground surface can be quickly infiltrated into the underground soil, and the artificial paving with high water permeability can reduce the surface area water disaster, and fully absorb water and recover rainwater resources.
  • the effect is that the soil gradation under the ground can be transformed into an ecological grade layer, which contains high moisture and moisture. When the outside temperature is hot, the water can be converted through the through pipe.
  • the water vapor is released to adjust the overall temperature and humidity in the environment, which can avoid the heat island effect or reduce the heat island effect, and can make the soil ecological grade layer use the surface water permeability pavement to achieve easy adsorption of water and at the same time
  • the drainage and storage water pipe body and the drainage and condensation pipe body are arranged under the surface, and the rainwater on the ground surface is introduced into the ground sub-leveling layer by a very large number of pipes, so that the infiltration water is discharged into the groundwater layer of the ground, and the
  • the artificial permeable pavement is provided with good conditions for providing soil microbes and soil protozoa to construct a high-quality environment, and the grading layer is set as an ecological grade layer, thereby enabling soil A role between the soil and the ground atmosphere to improve global warming.
  • the invention relates to a method for improving the artificial warming of the earth warming, which is mainly composed of an ecological grade layer and a water permeable pavement layer, and is characterized in that:
  • the ecological graded layer can be used with general road engineering graded materials or local earthwork.
  • the hollow body is provided in the graded earthwork, and the hollow body is provided with through holes. The hollow body and the graded earthwork are mixed and laid, and pressed to make it compact;
  • a permeable paving layer is placed over the ecological grade layer.
  • the invention relates to a method for improving the artificial warming of the earth warming, which is mainly composed of an ecological grade layer and a paving layer, and is characterized by: ' . '
  • the ecological graded layer can be used with general road engineering graded materials or local earthwork.
  • the hollow body is provided in the graded earthwork, and the hollow body is provided with through holes. The hollow body and the graded earthwork are mixed and laid, and pressed to make it compact;
  • a layer of pavement layer is further laid on the ecological grade layer, and the pavement layer is drilled with a plurality of drainage holes; and a drainage pipe with drainage and gas storage function is arranged on the drainage hole to make the surfacing layer Become a drainage pavement.
  • the effective gain of the present invention lies in the arrangement of the permeable layer and the arrangement of the ecological gradation layer, and the ecological gradation layer of the lower layer has a hollow hollow body in the ecological gradation layer.
  • the disaster-preventing storage water hollow body or the soil-improved hollow body or the microbial culture hollow body or the water-retaining hollow body may be applied as needed Ground rainwater can quickly penetrate into the ground, and it can have the effect of disaster prevention and storage or soil improvement or microbial culture or water retention, which is the most effective way to improve environmental warming.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the rainwater on the ground surface can be quickly infiltrated into the underground soil, and the artificial pavement with high water permeability can reduce the surface area water disaster, and achieve the effect of fully storing water and recovering rainwater resources. And it can make the soil gradation under the ground into an ecological grade layer, which contains high moisture and moisture. When the outside temperature is hot, the water can be converted into water vapor through the through pipe.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an artificial stratum constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of a permeable permeable drainage structure of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is an external view of the permeable permeable drainage structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view showing the structure of a drain pipe having a gas storage function according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the water storage device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the addition of a hollow body in the gradation layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a structural view of a hollow body of different functions in the grading layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the action of the drainage and condensation tube in the permeable pavement of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the action of the drainage and storage pipes in the permeable pavement of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a drainage hole of a concrete paving drill according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view showing the structure of a condensing pipe with drainage and gas storage according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 2 is an external view of the tube body of Figure 11 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the tube of Figure 11 after it has been fitted to a concrete pavement.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view showing the structure of a water storage pipe with drainage and water storage according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is an external view of the tube assembly of Figure 14 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the tube body of the embodiment of Fig. 14 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing another structure of the pipe storage pipe of the embodiment of FIG. 14 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the ecological graded layer of the present invention.
  • an improved method for manufacturing artificial warming of earth warming is to lay an ecological grade layer 10 after land preparation on the floor; the ecological grade layer 10 can adopt existing local earthwork. Or general road engineering grading materials, including sand or clay or gravel or mixed permeable concrete, the most important is the special hollow body 11 so that the elements are mixed and laid on the bottom layer, and After being compacted by pressing, a layer of spacers 20 may be selectively applied thereto.
  • the spacer layer 20 may be a non-woven fabric or may be a grid or a sand layer.
  • a quick water guiding layer 30 is disposed on the interlayer 20, and the rapid water guiding layer may be composed of gravel or sand or a combination of the two; finally, a water permeable paving layer 40 is further disposed above the rapid water guiding layer 30.
  • the groundwater source layer 60 is used as a supplement to the groundwater source, and is designed to improve the gradation layer into an ecological graded layer10, and is directly designed with a permeable surfacing layer 40 to provide multiple functions and provide soil microorganisms. A high-quality living environment for protozoa in the soil.
  • the spacer layer 20 and the rapid water guiding layer 30 may be disposed separately or simultaneously.
  • the water permeable paving layer 40 may also be directly disposed above the ecological grading layer 10, and the spacer layer 20 and the fast water guiding layer 30 are regarded as The actual drainage situation in the construction area is determined or not, and it can also achieve the effect of forming an effective water guiding effect and exerting anti-global warming.
  • the water-permeable surfacing layer 40 is provided with a plurality of pipe bodies 41 as drainage, an upper connecting frame 42, a lower connecting frame 43, a plug cover template 44, and The condensing pipe 45 of the gas storage function and a water storage device 46 are combined with each other.
  • the condensing duct 45 has a function of a gas storage chamber, and can provide a space for microorganisms and protozoa to breathe under the soil when the area is flooded;
  • the tube body '41 has a small diameter section 411 at the top end, and is disposed at the bottom end.
  • the small diameter section 411 of the upper end of the pipe body 41 is a short pipe 421 that is sleeved on the upper link frame 42, and the lower end is sleeved to the ring of the lower link frame 43.
  • Body 431 The ring body 431 is slidably engaged between the snap ring 412 and the bevel cassette 413.
  • the central portion of the tube body 41 is hollow.
  • the bottom surface of the plug cover template 44 is provided with a plurality of plug covers 441, which can be covered by the tube body.
  • the opening at the upper end of 41 avoids clogging by filling the slurry during construction. As shown in Fig. 3, it can be removed after molding to form a concrete permeable surfacing layer.
  • the condensation tube 45 having a gas storage function is constructed.
  • an outer tube 414 is further coupled to the tube body by the tube body 41, and the outer tube 414 is provided with a hole at the top end of the crucible. 4141, and an inner layer 4142 is provided on the inner layer of the outer tube 414, so that the tube body 41 and the outer tube 414 are combined to form a tube body which can simultaneously drain, ventilate and collect water.
  • the interlayer 4142 can also be combined with the outer wall of the outer tube and the outer wall of the tube after the outer tube is combined with the tube body.
  • the water storage device 46 is coupled to the end of the tube body 41.
  • the water storage device 46 is provided with an upper cover 461 and a lower box 462.
  • the top cover 461 is provided with a hole 4611 at the top end thereof, and the upper cover is provided with a flange 4612 at the outer periphery.
  • the diameter of the upper cover 461 is larger than the diameter of the lower case 462, which can prevent grouting when the concrete slurry is poured or the quick water guiding layer is thin.
  • the lower case 462 is provided with a central tube 4621 and a sandwich 4622.
  • the top edge of the lower case is provided with a bump 4623, and the inner wall of the central tube 4621 is provided with a convex rib 4624 to facilitate the lower case 462.
  • the tube body 41 and the water storage device 46 are combined to form a tube body which can simultaneously drain, ventilate and store water.
  • the bump 4623 when the upper cover 461 ⁇ and the lower case 462 are overlapped with each other, a space can be formed as a water inlet gap.
  • the height of the top end of the central tube 4621 is set to be higher than the height of the outermost wall of the lower case 462.
  • the ecological grading layer 10 is mainly composed of a hollow body 11 which can be used according to the existing existing earthwork, including sandstone or clay or gravel or mixed permeable concrete.
  • a hollow body 11 which can be used according to the existing existing earthwork, including sandstone or clay or gravel or mixed permeable concrete.
  • other graded ingredients such as ceramsite which are harmless to the environment can be mixed, and can be used;
  • the hollow body 11 having a special function is preferably formed into a circular shape, The circular shape can be subjected to the maximum compressive stress and the gradation space on either side, but can be applied here as well as other various easily fabricated geometries.
  • the hollow body 11 can be configured as a two-and-a-half-shaped outer casing 111, or can be formed into an integrally formed hollow body by blow molding or infusion molding technology; preferably made of plastic, or other feasible tradition.
  • the material is made of, and the hollow body casing has a thick wall thickness, and each of the outer casings 11 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes 112.
  • the hollow body 11 to which the present invention is applied may be assembled into a hollow body for engineering with different functions, including a hollow body for disaster prevention and storage or a soil quality modification. A good hollow body or a microbial culture hollow body or a water-retaining hollow body. Or a hollow body that can be applied to the local ecology.
  • the embodiment of the anti-floating water storage hollow body icon refers to the application of two outer casings 111, and the casings are formed into a hollow shape and have through holes 112, so that the hollow body is mixed in the gradation layer, so the local surface
  • the permeable layer 40 is used to quickly guide the rainwater.
  • the grading layer 10 is instantaneously saturated with water, the water can overflow into the hollow body space through the through hole 112 of the casing, thereby achieving a preventive area.
  • the soil-improved hollow body refers to the application of two outer casings 111.
  • the carbon material 113 such as activated carbon or long carbon
  • the soil-improved hollow body is mixed in the gradation layer, and the carbonic material 113 can pass the infiltrated water flow to achieve adsorption and activation of the acidified or harmful substance in the soil or water, thereby achieving Improve the quality of the soil.
  • the microbial culture hollow body refers to the application of two outer casings 111, and the microbial strains 114 are filled in the hollow body when the shells are combined, and a large number of microorganisms are provided, which is an excellent habitat for the microorganisms, and the microbial culture hollow body is mixed.
  • microorganisms are effectively cultured to provide a better breeding environment, so that soil microorganisms can be utilized to decompose organic substances, promote nitrification, perform nitrogen removal, and improve soil ecological environment.
  • the water-retaining hollow body refers to the application of two outer casings 111.
  • the hollow body is filled with a water-substance 115, such as sponge or a substance which can adsorb moisture but is not easily decomposed by microorganisms, so that the water retaining body is hollow.
  • the mixture is mixed in the gradation layer, and the lower osmotic water can be passed through the water substance 115 to achieve the advantage that the adsorbed water is not easily lost, and the microbial moisture can be nourished, thereby improving the soil water retention and soil quality in the arid area.
  • the effect of water content However, when the surface is hot and hot, it can be converted into water vapor due to the high water content in the geology, so that the water vapor can be released to avoid heat island effect or reduce the heat island effect.
  • the permeable permeable layer 40 is provided with a plurality of condensing pipes 45 having a gas storage function in the permeable paving structure, and the upper connecting frame 42 and the lower connecting frame 43 are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the condensing pipe.
  • the condensing duct 45 is internally provided with a sandwich 4142. In a cold climate region, when the ambient temperature is extremely low, the soil temperature from the ground rapid water guiding layer 30 is higher than the ambient temperature of the ground, so that the wall of the interlayer 4142 can be formed. The condensate 4143, so that the water can be extracted from the atmosphere, thus naturally replenishing the water in the soil.
  • the rainwater When the rainwater falls, the rainwater will flow from the surface of the permeable pavement to the short pipe 421 following the water guiding channel 401, and then indirectly into the lower pipe body 41, into the water.
  • the flow to the rapid water guiding layer 30 can effectively form a collection of water resources, avoiding the inflow into the drainage ditch and sinking into the sea to form waste.
  • the condensing duct 45 having the gas storage function is formed as a closed upper end in the interlayer 4142, so that a closed gas storage place can be formed, thus for microorganisms or native soil in the soil.
  • the animal will have a refuge chamber for breathing air, which can be used in the underground soil in areas where the rainwater is fully flooded, thereby obtaining the air needed for survival, eliminating the death caused by flooding, and the surviving microorganisms or native soil. Animals will be easily revived in a short period of time, and the organic matter of the soil can help.
  • the water permeable surfacing layer 40 is provided with a plurality of water storage devices 46 having a water storage function, and the upper connecting frame 42 and the lower connecting frame 43 are arranged in the permeable paving structure.
  • the pipe body 41 is fixed between the pipes for drainage, and a water storage device 46 is disposed at the lower end of the pipe body 41.
  • the upper cover 461 and the lower case 462 of the water storage device 46 are caused by the central pipe 4621.
  • the height of the top is set to be higher, or the setting of the bumps 4623 is 'formed into a water gap, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
  • the stored moisture can provide the soil S microorganisms or protozoa as needed to survive the soil drought. It also provides temperature and humidity adjustment of groundwater in arid areas, which is less likely to die for the water supply function of the vegetation and prevent soil desertification.
  • the permeable permeable layer can be grounded on the floor and an ecological grade layer is laid.
  • a surfacing layer 40a is first disposed above the ecological grading layer 10, and the surfacing layer 40a is preferably provided with reinforcing bars 402.
  • the reinforcing bars 402 are horizontally-panel-type ribs or other stiffeners, the concrete slurry is refilled. And solidified into a hard 'concrete paving.
  • the surfacing layer 40a may also be an asphalt paving if it is not combined with concrete and stiffener.
  • a plurality of drainage holes 403 are drilled through the drilling apparatus 47 on the hard pavement.
  • the condensing pipe 45a with drainage and gas storage function is further provided with drainage, as shown in Fig. 11, the water storage function water storage pipe 46a, as shown in Fig. 14, is made into a single pipe body type, and then construction is carried out.
  • the environmental characteristics of the area are selected or selected, and at least one of the tubes is embedded in the pre-drilled drainage hole 403, so that an artificial paving can be constructed to warm the environment. Improved results.
  • a single-type condensing tube 45a having a drainage and a gas storage function is provided in FIG. 10, and is configured to have an inner tube 41a and an outer tube 414a.
  • the inner tube 41a is provided as a hollow tube, and an outer expanded edge 415 having an enlarged outer diameter is provided at the top end, and the outer tube 414a is provided with a hole 4141 at the top end and an inner inclined surface at the inner layer of the outer tube 414a.
  • a convex structure 4145 is provided on the outer surface of the outer tube 414a, so When the condensing duct 45a is fitted into the drain hole 403 which has been drilled in the decking layer 40a, as shown in FIG.
  • the paving layer 40a can be constructed as a water permeable paving layer; therefore, when the water permeable paving layer 40a is flooded with water After the ecological grade layer 10 below is submerged in water, rainwater will overflow into the interlayer 4142, as shown in Figure 13, but a portion of the air will remain above the interlayer, so that the water can be destroyed in the area. Providing a space for microorganisms and protozoa to breathe under the soil; at the same time, the wall of the tube is sandwiched between the outer tube 414a and the inner tube 41a to form a place where the condensed water is produced.
  • a single-type water storage pipe 46a having a drainage and water storage function is provided in FIG. 10, and is provided with a drain pipe 41b and a water storage device 46.
  • the water storage device 46 is provided with an upper cover 461 and a lower box 462.
  • the top cover 461 is provided with a hole 4611 at the top end, and the upper cover is provided with a flange 4612 at the outer periphery.
  • the upper cover 461 has a larger diameter than the lower case 462.
  • the lower case 462 is provided with a central tube 4621 and a sandwich 4622 at the top of the lower case.
  • the edge is provided with a bump 4623
  • the inner wall of the central tube 4621 is provided with a rib 4624 so as to facilitate the lower case 462 to be sleeved at the end of the drain pipe 41b, and the interference fit at the rib 4624 can be provided with an embedded
  • the effect is that the drain pipe 41b and the water storage device 46 are combined to form a water storage pipe 46a that can simultaneously drain water and store water.
  • the top edge of the lower case 462 of the embodiment of the figure is provided with a bump 4623 to form an in-water gap.
  • the height of the top end A of the central tube 4621 is set to be higher than the height of the top end B of the lower case 462, as shown in FIG. 16, so that the upper cover 461 and the lower case 462 can be mutually When the cover is closed, a water gap can also be formed.
  • the pavement layer 40a can be constructed as a water permeable surfacing layer; therefore, when the water permeable pavement layer is 40a After raining and draining to the ecological graded layer 10 below, after the lower ecological grade layer 10 is saturated with water, the infiltrated rainwater will be stored in the interlayer 4622 by the water gap, so the stored water can be stored. Provides the water needed to survive in the soil when microorganisms or protozoa survive the soil. It also provides temperature and humidity adjustment of groundwater in arid areas, which is less likely to die for the water supply function of the vegetation and prevent soil desertification.
  • a dielectric layer or a rapid water guiding layer may be provided depending on the local soil quality, or both.
  • a single-type water storage pipe 46b having a drainage and water storage function is adopted, and the structure is provided with a drain pipe 41c and directly Combine the box 462.
  • the drain pipe 41c is provided with a flange 416 at the outer periphery of the top end such that the diameter at the flange 416 is larger than the diameter of the lower case 462.
  • the lower case 462 is provided with a central tube 4621 and a sandwich 4622.
  • the top edge of the lower case is preferably provided with a bump 4623.
  • the inner tube 4621 has a rib 4624 on the wall of the tube, so that the lower case 462 is sleeved on the drain pipe 41c. At the end, the interference fit at the rib 4624 can have an effect of being embedded to form a water storage pipe 46b that can simultaneously drain and store water.
  • the top edge of the lower case 462 of the embodiment is provided with a bump 4623 to form a water inlet gap
  • another possible embodiment is to set the height A of the top end of the central tube 4621 to be higher than the height of the outermost wall of the lower case 462. If it is high, the upper cover 461 and the lower case 462 can be covered with each other, and a water inlet gap can also be formed.
  • the ecological graded layer 10 can also adopt existing local earthwork or general road engineering grading materials, including sandstone or clay or gravel or mixed permeable water.
  • it can also be mixed with other graded ingredients which are harmless to the environment as a paving material; it has a hollow body 11 with special function, and the hollow body 11 can be packed in a plurality of bags in one mesh bag.
  • the hollow body unit 12 is bundled into a bag shape. Then, the bag-shaped hollow body unit 12 is directly laid up into a first-level distribution layer, or the hollow body unit 12 is mixed with the existing earthwork and then accumulated in the gradation layer, so that the same effect as before can be obtained.
  • the invention is fully in line with the needs of industrial development in terms of structural design, practicality and cost-effectiveness, and the disclosed structure is also an innovative structure with unprecedented complexity, novelty, creativity and practicality.
  • the application is filed according to law.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
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Description

说明书 改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法. 技术领域
本发明涉及一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法的设计，尤指一种可建构地面下 生态级配层及地面上人工透水铺面，使得所降下的雨水有效且快速地计划性被导引至 地下级配层中， 进行储水及降低地表面积水的功效， 而生态级配层于土壤中可使微生 物菌种或土壤中原生动物获取更佳的繁殖环境， 达到生物多样性的功效， 从而可令土 壤保持湿润以调节环境的温度及湿度作用， 及改善土质的功能。
背景技术
一般的混凝土铺面建筑， 其建构工法大多为先浇灌足量的混凝土， 再整平混凝土 表面， 然后铺上构成铺面的砖体即完成一人工混凝土铺面的施工。
然此传统的地表铺面因为以混凝土或由混凝土结合砖体所构成，而混凝土一般为 不具有透水性， 即使为透水性混凝土， 其毛隙极易阻塞， 另混凝土砖会产生氧化钙造 成主动封闭毛隙， 且又无法清理， 令透水效率远不及大雨降下的速率， 故当地面上积 水时， 倘不立即迅速将地表的雨水排入地底下土壤层中， 则该区域即很容易因下大雨 而积水成水灾。 '
在一般道路或都会区里， 建设施工地面的铺面时， 常将地表面因施工便利而一体 施筑成不透水的铺面， 如此一来使得地底下的土壤无法与地面上空气层接触， 亦产生 了降雨时无法有效补充地下水源的缺点， 这对环境保护无疑是一大伤害， 是以此一不 具透水作用构造的混凝土铺面施作并不理想。 而都市里， 一旦降雨， 其地表不具有渗 水能力， 则该大量雨水便全部仅能利用排水沟导流， 经由各处排水沟导流汇集于雨水 下水道干管后， 再流放至大海中， 徒增水资源的浪费； 或流至低洼地区形成水灾， 或 造成民众生命财产损害。
自古以来， 土壤因具有吸附水份的功用， 又可与大气层相接触， 当大气环境中处 于干燥或炎热时， 充份具有湿润度的土壤便可散发出水蒸气， 作为与大气环境一热交 换作用， 本身亦自动具有湿度调节的功能， 如此可避免热岛效应的产生。 传统技术得知， 地面下如不具有效地快速渗水的功能， 则她面上排导雨水的功能 将大为降低，. 因此建构一有效渗水及保水作用的级配层， 为极其需要。 另外， 为改善 土质生态环境， 必需造就微生物及土壤中原生动物于土壤中的有利环境， 土壤微生物 主要包括细菌， 真细菌与古生菌、 真菌， 丝状真菌与酵母菌、 藻类。 而土壤原生动物 如变形虫、纤毛虫、鞭毛虫数量庞大， 对于分解有机质贡献颇大。 昆虫如蚂蚁、蜈蚣、 木虱、 螨等， 可搬动土壤或消化生物残骸， 提供有机质。 5蚓有助于土壤团粒形成， 对通气、排水有好处。 线虫可以消化有机物或其它小生物。 土壤中也有脊椎动物如鼠 类， 会挖松土壤， 并提供排泄物施肥土壤， 也是构成地下生物链的成员。 , 土壤微生物在维持高品质土壤上， 扮演重要的角色， 己知土壤生物的生存与土壤 环境的变化及优劣有密切关系。
对土壤的重要性经研究如下：
1.分解有机物质， 负责执行将有机物分解至营养要素的矿质化作用。
2.固定空气中的氮气 N2， 转为 NH3， 成为其它生物能利用氮源。
3.推动硝化作用， 将 NH4+转化为亚硝酸态氮 N02-， 而至硝酸态氮 _Ν03-， 以利植 物吸收。
4.进行脱氮作用， 将 Ν03-转化为 Ν20及 Ν2。
5.促进被结合或固定的磷、 硫、 铁、 锰等化合物的溶解。
6.与其它土壤微生物间的互动， 对后者在环境中的生存具有密切的关系。
故营造一优质环境， 使土壤微生物可大量繁衍， 将极有利于对地球环境的土质改 善。 同时， 人工透水铺面底下， 建构保水级配层， 可直接与透水性铺面的上表面相互 接触， 借由设计可使土壤层与大气环境相接触， 其湿度及温度的热交换衍然如一呼吸 作用， 具有可调温及调湿， 其整体可快速导水作用的要求可避免地表面积水， 具有实 际效益可充份发挥。
有鉴于此， 发明人积极研发改进， 设计一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 可 简便地建筑一具有环保透水作用的混凝土铺面， 且使其地底级配层成为生态级配层， 可改造活化土壤的有机质， 并可改善地球暖化。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的主要技术问题在于， 克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷， 而提供一 种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 使地表面的雨水可快速下渗至地底土壤， 具有高 透水性的人工铺面， 可降低地表面积水成灾， 且达充份储水及回收雨水资源的效果， 且其可使地面下土壤级配层衍变成一生态级配层，含有较高的水份湿润， 当外界气温 炎热时， 透过贯通的管体可将其水份所转换成的水蒸气释放出来， 以调节环境中整体 的温度及湿度， 可避免热岛效应的产生， 或降低热岛效应，且可使该土壤生态级配层 利用地表透水性铺面， 达到容易吸附水份， 同时更使地表下设有排水兼储水管体及排 水兼冷凝管体， 其利用极为多数的管体将地表面上的雨水导入地面下级配层，使下渗 水排入地底的地下水层，.而该人工透水铺面下因设有提供土壤微生物及土壤原生动物 建构优质环境的良好条件，及该级配层设置成为生态级配层， 从而可使土壤与地面大 气层之间形成一可改善地球暖化的作用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法，主要设有一生态级配层及一透水铺面层所 构成， 其特征在于：
于地坪上整地后， 先铺设一生态级配层， 生态级配层可来用一般道路工程级配材 料或现地土方， 于级配土方中设有中空体， 中空体设有透孔， 使中空体与级配土方混 拌后铺设， 并经施压使其夯实；
于生态级配层上方再设置透水铺面层。
本发明一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法，主要设有一生态级配层及一铺面层 所构成， 其特征在于： ' . '
于地坪上整地后， 先铺设一生态级配层， 生态级配层可釆用一般道路工程级配材 料或现地土方， 于级配土方中设有中空体， 中空体设有透孔， 使中空体与级配土方混 拌后铺设， 并经施压使其夯实；
再于生态级配层上加铺一层铺面层，该铺面层，利用钻孔器具钻设多个的排水孔； 再于前述排水孔上设置具排水、储气功能的冷凝管， 使铺面层成为一排水性铺面 层。
本发明的有效增益， 在于借由人工铺设的透水铺面， 及生态级配层的设置， 下层 的生态级配层除具有支撑作用外，其因于生态级配层内设置有空心中空体， 故可视需 要施放防灾储水中空体或土质改良中空体或微生物培养中空体或保水中空体，使达到 地面雨水可快速渗透至地下， 可具有防灾储水或土质改良或微生物培养或保水的功 效， 达到一改善环境暖化最有效的方法。
• 本发明的有益效果是， 使地表面的雨水可快速下渗至地底土壤， 具有高透水性的 人工铺面， 可降低地表面积水成灾， 且达充份储水及回收雨水资源的效果，且其可使 地面下土壤级配层衍变成一生态级配层， 含有较高的水份湿润， 当外界气温炎热时， 透过贯通的管体可将其水份所转换成的水蒸气释放出来，以调节环境中整体的温度及 湿度， 可避免热岛效应的产生， 或降低热岛效应，且可使该土壤生态级配层利用地表 透水性铺面， 达到容易吸附水份， 同时更使地表下设有排水兼储水管体及排水兼冷凝 管体， 其利用极为多数的管体将地表面上的雨水导入地面下级配层， 使下渗水排入地 底的地下水层，而该人工透水铺面下因设有提供土壤微生物及土壤原生动物建构优质 环境的良好条件， 及该级配层设置成为生态级配层， 从而可使土壤与地面大气层之间 形成一可改善地球暖化的作用。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一歩说明。
图 1为本发明所施筑人工地层结构示意图。
图 2为本发明透水铺面排水架构分解示意图。
图 3为本发明透水铺面排水架构组合后外观图。
图 4为本发明具有储气功能排水管构造分解图。
图 5为本发明储水装置构造分解图。
图 6为本发明级配层中加设中空体示意图。
图 7为本发明级配层中不同功能中空体的结构图。
图 8为本发明透水铺面中排水兼冷凝管作用示意图。
图 9为本发明透水铺面中排水兼储水管作用示意图。
图 1 0为本发明另一实施例于混凝土铺面钻排水孔示意图。
图 1 1为本发明另一实施例中具排水及储气作用冷凝管构造分解图。
图 1 2为本发明图 11管体组合后外观图。
图 1 3为本发明图 11管体嵌合于混凝土铺面后剖视图。
图 1 4为本发明另一实施例具排水及储水作用储水管构造分解图。 图 1 5为本发明图 1 4管体组合后外观图。
图 1 6为本发明图 1 4实施例管体嵌合于混凝土铺面后剖视图。 图 1 7为本发明图 1 4实施例管体储水管另一结构示意图。 图 1 8为本发明生态级配层另一实施例示意图。
图中标号说明：
1 0生态级配层 ' I 1中空体
1 1 1外壳 I I 2透孔
1 1 3碳物质 1 1 4微生物菌种
1 1 '5含水物质 1 2中空体单元
2 0介隔层 .
3 0快速导水层
4 0、 4 0 a透水铺面层
4 0 1导水沟 4 0 2钢筋
4 0 3排水孔 4 1管体
4 la内管. 4 1 b、 4 1c排水管
4 1 1小直径段 4 1 2卡环
4 1 3斜面卡榫 4 1 4、 4 1 4a外管
4 1 5外扩缘 4 1 6凸缘
4 1 4 1孑 L 4 1 4 2夹层
4 1 4 3冷凝水 4 1 44内斜面
4 1 4 5凸出构造
4 2上连结架 4 2 1短管
4 3下连结架 43 1环体
44塞盖模板 44 1塞盖
4 5、 4 5 a冷凝管
4 6储水装置 4 6a, 4 6 b储水管
4 6 1上盖 4 6 1 1孔
4 6 1 2凸缘 4 6 2下盒 4 6 2 1中央管
4 6 2 2夹层 4 6 2 3凸点
4 6 2 4凸肋
4 7钻孔器具
5 0地底土壤层.
6 0地下水源层
具体实施方式
请参图 1所示， 本发明的一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 先于地坪上整地 后， 再铺设一生态级配层 10; 其生态级配层 10可采用当地现有土方或一般道路工程 级配材料， 包括可设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土之外， 最主要是设有特殊 设制的中空体 11， 使各元素混拌后铺设于底层， 并经施压使其夯实后， 再选择性于 其上加铺一层介隔层 20， 所述介隔层 20可为一不织布或可为一格网或一沙层。 再于 介隔层 20上设置快速导水层 30， 快速导水层可为由碎石或沙或两者联合共同组成； 最后于快速导水层 30上方再设置透水铺面层 40。如此即可使地面上的雨水有效性地 穿透各种人工所设地质层， 最后下渗至地底土壤层 50下的地下水源层 60中， 除可达 到将雨水计划性地导流至地层深处的地下水源层 60中以作地下水源的补充外， 且更 设计改善使级配层成为一生态级配层 10， 且直接搭配透水铺面层 40设计， 提供多元 功能， 更能提供土壤微生物及土壤中原生动物一优质生存环境。
其中所述的介隔层 20及快速导水层 30可单独或同时设置； 亦可于生态级配层 10的上方直接设置透水铺面层 40， 其介隔层 20与快速导水层 30为视施工当地的实 际排水情形而决定设置与否，其同样可达到形成一有效性导水作用及发挥抗地球暖化 的功效。
请参图 2、 图 3所示， 前述的透水铺面层 40， 如图 1所示， 设有多个作为排水的 管体 41、 上连结架 42、 下连结架 43、 塞盖模板 44、 具储气功能的冷凝管 45及一储 水装置 46所相互组合一架构。该冷凝管 45具备储气室功能， 可于 面积水成灾时提 供一土壤地底下微生物及原生动物呼吸求生的空间； 该管体 '41于顶端设有一小直径 段 411， 且于底端设有卡环 412及斜面卡榫 413， 如图 4所示， 使管体 41上端小直径 段 411为套接于上连结架 42的短管 421， 而下端则套接于下连结架 43的环体 431， 使环体 431滑入卡固于卡环 412与斜面卡榫 413间。 而管体 41中央为空心状， 为免 施灌混凝土浆时塞盖模板 44滑动及灌入时堵塞管体，故该塞盖模板 44底面设有多个 的塞盖 441， 可盖于管体 41上端的开口处避免施工时灌入浆料而堵塞， 如图 3所示， 可于成型后再予拆除， 以此形成一混凝土透水铺面层。
请参图 4所示， 该具有储气功能的冷凝管 45构造， 于本图实施例为利用管体 41 于管体上再结合一外管 414，外管 414于制成吋顶端设有孔 4141 , 且于外管 414的内 层设有一夹层 4142， 使得管体 41与外管 414两者结合成为一种可同时排水、 通气且 可冷凝集水的管体。 该夹层 4142于另外不同的实施例， 亦可于外管与管体相组合后 因外管内壁与管体外壁相组合构成。
请参图 5所示， 该储水装置 46为结合于管体 41末端， 储水装置 46设置包含一 上盖 461及一下盒 462。 上盖 461顶端设有孔 4611 , 上盖于外周缘设有凸缘 4612， 上盖 461的直径大于下盒 462的直径，可于灌注混凝浆时防止灌浆或所设的快速导水 层细沙跑入下盒中； 下盒 462设有一中央管 4621及一夹层 4622 , 于下盒的顶缘设有 凸点 4623， 于中央管 4621内管壁设有凸肋 4624， 以方便下盒 462套设于管体 41末 端时， 可具备一嵌固的效果， 使得管体 41与储水装置 46两者结合成为一种可同时排 水、通气且可储水的管体。而所设该凸点 4623可使上盖 461·与下盒 462相互盖合时， 形成一空间可为入水空隙。 而另一可行实施例， 为将中央管 4621顶端高度设置为较 下盒 462.最外缘壁面高度为高， 如此将可使上盖 461与下盒 462相互盖合时，亦可形 成一入水空隙。
请参图 6、 图 7所 ， 前述的生态级配层 10， 主要构成为设有中空体 11， 可采 用依当地现有土方， 包括可设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土之外， 亦可混掺 其它对环境无害可作为铺设物的级配料如陶粒， 皆可使用； 所述设有特殊作用的中空 体 11， 该中空体 11较佳为制呈圆形状， 因圆形于任一面侧可为承受最大的压应力及 提供级配层空间， 但如为其它各种容易制造的几何形体， 亦可为此处被应用。 且该中 空体 11可设为两剖半的外壳 111， 或釆用吹气成型、 灌注成型技术加工制成一体成 型的中空体； 较佳可为塑料制成， 亦可为以其它可行的传统材料制成， 且中空体外壳 具有较厚的壁厚， 各外壳 1 1 1上设有多个的透孔 112。 本发明所应用的中空体 11， 可 视需要组装成不同功能的工程用中空体，包括可为一种防灾储水中空体或一种土质改 良中空体或一种微生物培养中空体或一种保水中空体。或可为当地生态所需应用的中 空体。 ' 所述防灾储水中空体图标实施例指为应用两外壳 111， 将其壳体对合呈一中空状 并具有透孔 112， 使中空体混拌于级配层中， 因此当地面上大量降雨时， 借透水铺面 层 40迅速导下雨水， 该级配层 10瞬间含水饱合时， 可令水份循着壳体上透孔 112 溢入中空体内空间中， 进而可达到具有防范区域水灾发生的机率， 待下渗水经特定时 间下渗至地下水源层之后， 防灾储水中空体内的短暂储水再缓慢地释出内部含水， 如 此可使地面上获致一短时间有效快速排水的功能。
所述土质改良中空体指为应用两外壳 111， 将其壳体对合时于中空体内填装设有 碳物质 113， 例如活性碳或备长炭， 或视当地土质所需而装填使用土质改良剂， 使土 质改良中空体被混拌于级配层中， 可借由碳物质 113使下渗水流经过时， 以达到吸附 土壤中或水中的酸化物质或有害物质并加以活化， 进而可达到具有改善土质的功效。
所述微生物培养中空体指为应用两外壳 111， 将其壳体对合时于中空体内填装设 有微生物菌种 114， 提供大量微生物一极佳的栖床场所， 使微生物培养中空体混拌于 级配层中， 借由微生物有效的被培养， 提供较佳的繁衍环境， 因而可利用土壤微生物 来进行分解有机物质、 推动硝化作用、 进行脱氮作用、 改善土 生态环境等好处。
所述保水中空体指为应用两外壳 111， 将其壳体对合时于中空体内填装设有含水- 物质 115， 例如海棉或可吸附水份但不易被微生物分解的物质， 使保水中空体混拌于 级配层中，可借由含水物质 115使下渗水流经过时，以达到吸附水份不易流失的优点， 提供微生物水气的滋养， 进而可达到具有改善干旱地区土壤保水及土质含水量的功 效。然当地面上高温炎热时， 可因地质含有较高含水量， 因此可转化为水蒸气而向外 释出水蒸气， 以进行环境中的热交换， 避免热岛效应的发生， 或降低热岛效应。
请参图 8所示， 前述的透水铺面层 40， 于透水铺面组织架构中设有多个具有储 气功能的冷凝管 45, 该上连结架 42、 下连结架 43固定于冷凝管的上下端， 该冷凝管 45于内部设有夹层 4142， 在寒冷气候地区， 于环境温度极低温时， 来自地底快速导 水层 30的土壤温度高于地面外界环境温度，因此可形成该夹层 4142中管壁的冷凝水 4143 ,如此一来可由大气中汲取水份，因此而自然补充土壤中水份。而当雨水降下时， 雨水将从透水铺面表层循着导水沟 401流入短管 421， 再间接流入下方的管体 41，进 而流至快速导水层 30中， 因此可有效形成水资源的搜集， 避免流入排水沟渠而汇入 海中形成浪费。 另当如遭到降下暴雨量发生水灾时， 该具有储气功能的冷凝管 45于 夹层 4142因设为密闭上端， 故可形成一密闭的储气场所， 如此一来对于土壤中的微 生物或原生动物将具有一呼吸空气的避难室， 可在全面淹浸雨水的地区于地底土壤 中， 由此处获得生存所需的空气， 免除被水淹没而致死的情形， 而土壤中幸存的微生 物或原生动物将容易短时间内自然复育， 而对土壤的有机质可捧供帮助。
请参图 3、 图 5、 图 9所示，， 前述的透水铺面层 40， 于透水铺面组织架构中设有 多个具有储水功能的储水装置 46， 上连结架 42、 下连结架 43之间固定着管体 41作 为排水之用， 而于.管体 41的下端设有一储水装置 46， 参图 3所示， 使储水装置 46 的上盖 461与下盒 462因中央管 4621顶端高度设置为较高，或凸点 4623的设置而'形 成一入水空隙， · 如图 5、 图 9所示， 因此当快速导水层 30含水饱合时， 下渗雨水将 由该入水空隙溢往其夹层 4622中而储存， 因此该储存的水份能提供土壤 S微生物或 原生动物一于土壤干旱时生存所需水份。 也提供干旱地区的地下水份温度 湿度调 节， 对于草木水份供给功能可较不易枯死， 并防止土壤沙漠化。
请参图 10、 图 11、 图 14所示， 为本发明的另一实施例，.如图所示其特征在于前 述的透水铺面层可于地坪上整地后， 且铺设一生态级配层 10之后， 于生态级配层 10 上方先设置一铺面层 40a, 该铺面层 40a较佳为设置有钢筋 402 , ·使钢筋 402为横纵 向棋盘式绑筋或其它加劲材后， 再灌注混凝土浆而凝固成一坚硬 ' 凝土铺面。该铺面 层 40a如未以混凝土与加劲材结合设置， 亦可为一柏油铺面。 再利用钻孔器具 47于 坚硬铺面上钻通多个的排水孔 403。 再将具排水、 储气功能的冷凝管 45a或具排水， 如图 11所示， 储水功能的储水管 46a, 如图 14所示， 使其制设为单支管体型态， 再 视施工地区环境特性采选择性择其一或选择其二，将至少其一种管体嵌入于预先己钻 设好的排水孔 403中，如此同样可达到建构出一种人工铺面具有可对环境暖化改善的 效果。
请参图 11、 图 12、 图 13所示， 于图 10中所采用单支型态具排水、 储气功能的 冷凝管 45a， 其构造上为设有一内管 41a及一外管 414a， 该内管 41a设为一中空管， 于顶端设有扩大外径的外扩缘 415， 而外管 414a于制成时顶端设有孔 4141 , 且于外 管 414a的内层设为一内斜面 4144， 于外管 414a的外表层设有凸出构造 4145， 因此 当冷凝管 45a嵌合于铺面层 40a已钻设好的排水孔 403中， 如图 13所示， 如此可将 铺面层 40a构筑成一透水铺面层； 因此当可透水的铺面层 40a淹满水时， 于下方的生 态级配层 10浸满水后， 雨水将溢入该夹层 4142中， 参图 13所示， 但将会于夹层上 方保留一段的空气，如此将可于地面积水成灾时提供一土壤地底下微生物及原生动物 呼吸求生的空间； 同时其外管 414a与内管 41a之间夹层管壁， 可形成一冷凝水制造 的场所。
请参图 14、 图 15、 图 16所示， 于图 10中所采用单支型态具排水、 储水功能的 储水管 46a, 其构造上为设有一排水管 41b及结合有储水装置 46, 储水装置 46设置 包含一上盖 461及一下盒 462。 上盖 461顶端设有孔 4611， 上盖于外周缘设有凸缘 4612， 上盖 461的直径大于下盒 462的直径， 下盒 462设有一中央管 4621及一夹层 4622， 于下盒的顶缘较佳为设有凸点 4623， 于中央管 4621内管壁设有凸肋 4624， 以 方便下盒 462套设于排水管 41b末端时， 利用凸肋 4624处干涉配合可具备一嵌固的 效果， 使得排水管 41b与储水装置 46两者结合成为一种可同时排水且可储水的储水 管 46a。 而图中实施例下盒 462的顶缘设有凸点 4623以形成一入水空'隙。 而另一可 行实施例， 为将中央管 4621顶端 A高度 ^置为较下盒 462最外缘壁面顶端 B高度为 高， 参图 16所示， 如此将可使上盖 461与下盒 462相互盖合时， 亦可形成一入水空 隙。 ■
因此当图 16实施例储水管 46a嵌合于铺面层 40a已钻设好的排水孔 403中， 如 图 16所示， 如此可将铺面层 40a构筑成一透水铺面层； 因此当可透水的铺面层 40a 下雨排水至下方的生态级配层 10后， 于下方的生态级配层 10含水饱合后， 下渗雨水 将由该入水空隙溢往其夹层 4622中而储存， 因此该储存的水份能提供土壤里微生物 或原生动物于土壤干旱时生存所需水份。 也提供干旱地区的地下水份温度及湿度调 节， 对于草木水份供给功能可较不易枯死， 并防止土壤沙漠化。
其中于生态级配层 10与透水性铺面层 40a之间亦可视当地土质需要而设有一介 隔层或一快速导水层， 亦或两者同时皆设置。
请参图 17所示， 于本图实施例所示储水管另一可行结构中， 所采用单支型态具 排水、储水功能的储水管 46b， 其构造上为设有一排水管 41c及直接结合一下盒 462。 该排水管 41 c于顶端外周缘设有凸缘 416，使凸缘 416处的直径大于下盒 462的直径， 下盒 462设有一中央管 4621及一夹层 4622， 于下盒的顶缘较佳为设有凸点 4623， 于 中央管 4621内管壁 有凸肋 4624， 使下盒 462套设于排水管 41c末端时， 利用凸肋 4624 处干涉配合可具备一嵌固的效果， 以组合成为一种可同时排水且可储水的储水 管 46b。
而图中实施例下盒 462的顶缘设有凸点 4623以形成一入水空隙， 而另一可行实 施例， 为将中央管 4621顶端高度 A设置为较下盒 462最外缘壁面顶端 B高度为高， 如此将可使上盖 461与下盒 462相互盖合时， 亦可形成一入水空隙。
请参图 18所示， 于本图实施例中， 显示该生态级配层 10亦可采用当地现有土方 或一般道路工程级配材料，包括可设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土之外， 亦 可混掺其它对环境无害可作为铺设物的级配料皆可使用； 其设有特殊作用的中空体 11， 且其中空体 11可以多个粒集中于一网袋而包束成袋状的中空体单元 12。 再将成 袋的中空体单元 12直接加铺成一级配层，或将中空体单元 12混拌现地土方后堆积于 级配层中， 如此亦可获得与前揭相同的效果。
以上所述， 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制， 凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰， 均 仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
综上所述， 本发明在结构设计、 使用实用性及成本效益上， 完全符合产业发展所 需， 且所揭示的结构亦是具.有前所未有的创新构造， 具有新颖性、 创造性、 实用性， 符合有关新型专利要件的规定， 故依法提起申请。

Claims

权利要求书
' 1. 一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 主要设有一生态级配层及一透水 铺面层所构成， 其特征在于：
于地坪上整地后， 先铺设一生态级配层， 生态级配层可采用一般道路工程级配材 料或现地土方， 于级配土方中设有中空体， 中空体设有透孔， 使中空体与级配土方混 拌后铺设， 并经施压使其夯实；
于生态级配层上方再设置透水铺面层。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，于 生态级配层上方暨透水铺面层下方， 加铺一层介隔层。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，于 生态级配层上方暨透水铺面层下方， 设置一层快速导水层。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，于 介隔层上方设置一层快速导水层。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，所 述中空体为一防灾储水中空体， 其壳体呈一中空状并具有透孔，使中空体混拌于级配 土方中。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于,所 述中空体为一土质改良中空体， .于中空体内填装设有碳物'质或装填使用土质改良剂。
7. ' . 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，所 述中空体为一微生物培养中空体， 于中空体内填装设有微生物菌种。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，所 述中空体为一保水中空体， 于中空体内填装设有含水物质， 例如海棉或可吸附水份但 不易被微生物分解的物质。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于,所 述中空体可设为两剖半的外壳对合成， 或釆用吹气成型， 或灌注成型技术加工制成一 体成型。
10. 根据权利要求 2所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，所 述介隔层为一不织布或一格网或一沙层。
11. 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法，,其特征在 于，所述快速导水层为由碎石或沙或两者联合共同组成， 或沙土级配材料。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，所 述透水铺面层设有多个排水的管体、 上连结架、下连结架、 具储气功能的冷凝管所组 成； 该冷凝管由管体上结合一外管， 外管于制成时顶端设有孔， 且于外管的内层设有 一夹层， 使管体与外管两者结合成可同时排水且可冷凝集水的管体。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于，所 述透水铺面层设有多个排水的管体、 上连结架、 下连结架、 储水装置所组^ ¾; 储水装 置结合于管体末端， 储水装置设置包含一上盖及一下盒， 上盖顶端设有孔， 上盖于外 周缘设有凸缘， 上盖的直径大于下盒的直径； 下盒设有一中央管及一夹层， 中央管顶 端高度设置为较高， 于下盒的顶缘设有凸点, 上盖与下盒组合后形成一入水空隙， 于 中央管内管壁设有凸肋， 使得管体与储水装置两者结合成可同时排水且可储水的管 体。 .
14. 一种改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 主要设有一生态级配层及一铺面 层所构成， 其特征在于：
于地坪上整地后， 先铺设一生态级配层， 生态级配层可来用一般道路工程级配材 料或现地土方， 于级配土方中设有中空体， 中空体设有透孔， 使中空体与级配土方混 拌后铺设， 并经施压使其夯实；
再于生态级配层上加铺一层铺面层，该铺面层，利用钻孔器具钻设多个的排水孔； 再于前述排水孔上设置具排水、储气功能的冷凝管， 使铺面层成为一排水性铺面 层。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述铺面层为利用混凝土浆凝固成一坚硬铺面。
16. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述铺面层为一柏油铺面。
17. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述冷凝管可为以具排水、 储水功能的储水管代替。
18. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于, 所述排水孔上设置具排水、 储气功能的冷凝管之外， 同时更设有具排水、储水功能的 储水管。
19. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于,所述 具排水、 储气功能的冷凝管， 其构造设有一内管及一外管， 该内管设为一中空管, 于 顶端设有扩大外径的外扩缘， 而外管于顶端设有孔， 且于外管的内层设为一内斜面， 于外管的外表层设有凸出构造。
20. 根据权利要求 17所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法，. 其特征在于， 所述具排水、储水功能的储水管， 其构造设有一排水管及结合有储水装置， 储水装置 设置包含一上盖及一下盒， 上盖顶端设有孔， 上盖于外周缘设有凸缘， 上盖的直径大 于下盒的直径， 下盒设有一中央管及一夹层， 上盖与下盒组合后形成一入水空隙。
21. 根据权利要求 17所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述具排水、储水功能的储水管， 其构造设有一排水管及直接结合一下盒， 该排水管 于顶端外周缘设有凸缘， 使凸缘处的直径大于下盒的直径， 下盒设有一中央管及 夹 层， 于下盒的顶缘与排水管之间形成有入水空隙。
22. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， '其特征在于， 于生态级配层上方， 暨透水铺面层下方， 设有一介隔层。
23. 根据权利要求 14所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于， 于生态级配层上方， 暨透水铺面层下方， 设有一快速导水层。
24-根据权利要求 22所述的改善地球暖化人工铺面制造方法， 其特征在于,于介 隔层上方设置一层快速导水层。
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