WO2012046786A1 - 高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物 - Google Patents
高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046786A1 WO2012046786A1 PCT/JP2011/073015 JP2011073015W WO2012046786A1 WO 2012046786 A1 WO2012046786 A1 WO 2012046786A1 JP 2011073015 W JP2011073015 W JP 2011073015W WO 2012046786 A1 WO2012046786 A1 WO 2012046786A1
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cs2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 5
- AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dicesium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+].[Cs+] AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 114
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 106
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 106
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 60
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 50
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910004116 SrO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 B 2 O 3 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052907 leucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052917 strontium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/43—Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/484—Refractories by fusion casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
- C04B35/657—Processes involving a melting step for manufacturing refractories
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high zirconia electrocast refractory, and particularly when applied to a glass melting furnace, it has excellent durability, reusability, and high productivity. Related to things.
- High zirconia electrocast refractories containing 80% by mass or more of ZrO 2 as chemical components have been conventionally used as refractories for glass melting furnaces.
- High zirconia electrocast refractories are often used in molten glass contact portions of glass melting furnaces that require high quality such as substrate glass for flat panel displays because of their high corrosion resistance and low contamination to molten glass.
- the microstructure of the high zirconia electrocast refractory is composed of few pores, a large amount of zirconia (ZrO 2 ) crystal grains, and a small amount of matrix glass filling the space between the grains.
- This matrix glass is composed of SiO 2 as a main component and other oxides such as oxides such as Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, B 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 .
- High zirconia electrocast refractories have a temperature that depends on the cooling process during their production, the temperature during heating up in the glass melting furnace, the temperature during cooling down, and the erosion of the refractory itself during operation. Exposed to change. Due to these temperature changes, thermal stress and transformation stress generated by a reversible transformation of the zirconia crystal accompanied by a large volume change in a temperature range near 1000 ° C. are generated inside the refractory. If a matrix glass having appropriate thermomechanical properties and amount is contained in the refractory, the refractory becomes flexible with respect to the above-described stress and the stress is relieved, and cracks do not occur.
- High zirconia electrocast refractories may produce zircon crystals (ZrO 2 ⁇ SiO 2 ) inside. Since the zircon crystal inside the refractory is formed by the reaction of ZrO 2 and SiO 2 in the matrix glass, the formation of the zircon crystal causes a decrease in the matrix glass in the refractory. The refractory in which zircon crystals are generated and the amount of the matrix glass that relaxes the thermal stress and transformation stress is embrittled and becomes brittle, and even a slight temperature fluctuation easily causes cracks.
- a zircon crystal may be produced by reaction with molten glass. This is because one or both of chemical components that suppress the formation of zircon crystals in the refractory are eluted into the molten glass, and chemical components that promote the formation of zircon crystals into the refractory penetrate from the molten glass. For it to happen.
- the tendency to produce zircon crystals by reaction with molten glass is remarkable when the refractory is in contact with low alkali glass or non-alkali glass such as liquid crystal substrate glass.
- high zirconia electroformed refractories that do not produce zircon crystals while the glass melting furnace is in operation do not crack or, if they do, have fewer cracks than those that produce zircon crystals. It is relatively easy to reuse because there are few new cracks or propagation of existing cracks when the temperature is lowered when the operation of the glass melting furnace is stopped due to production adjustment.
- high zirconia electrocast refractories that produced zircon crystals are prominent in the occurrence of new cracks and propagation of existing cracks during this heat reduction, and also when cracks are reheated. Is difficult to reuse. Even if it is reused, high durability is not obtained and the glass melting furnace is short-lived. In other words, high zirconia electrocast refractories that easily generate zircon crystals by reaction with a single or molten glass are not suitable for reuse after operation stoppage, even if they remain in service while the glass melting furnace is in operation. is there.
- Patent Document 1 the chemical composition of a refractory is as follows: ZrO 2 is 85 to 97 mass%, SiO 2 is 2 to 10 mass%, Al 2 O 3 is 3 mass% at maximum, and P 2 O 5 is 0.1 to 0.1 mass%.
- a high zirconia electroformed refractory in which cracks produced during production are suppressed is obtained by 3% by mass and containing substantially no rare earth oxide.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory contains P 2 O 5 that promotes the formation of zircon crystals, and there is a drawback in that zircon crystals are easily generated even with a refractory alone.
- the chemical composition of the refractory is such that ZrO 2 is 90 to 98 mass%, Al 2 O 3 is 1 mass% or less, and Li 2 O, Na 2 O, CuO, CaO, and MgO are contained.
- B 2 O 3 is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by mass, or B 2 O 3 is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by mass and K 2 O, SrO, BaO, Rb 2 O ,
- one selected from Cs 2 O is 1.5% by mass or less, or the total of two or more types is 1.5% by mass or less, thereby suppressing cracks during production and having a cation radius of
- the high zirconia electroformed refractory is characterized by using a large element component to increase electrical resistance.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory has a disadvantage that it has a high content of B 2 O 3 that promotes the formation of zircon crystals, and the refractory alone can easily form zircon crystals.
- Patent Document 3 the chemical composition of the refractory is as follows: ZrO 2 is 90 to 95% by mass, SiO 2 is 3.5 to 7% by mass, Al 2 O 3 is 1 to 3% by mass, P 2 O 5 , B 2 It has been proposed that substantially no O 3 or CuO is contained. This describes that a high zirconia electroformed refractory excellent in heat cycle resistance can be obtained. The reason for the excellent heat cycle resistance is considered by the inventor because the viscosity of the matrix glass is appropriate and the formation of zircon crystals is difficult.
- the chemical composition of the refractory is as follows: ZrO 2 is 90 to 95% by mass, SiO 2 is 3.5 to 7% by mass, Al 2 O 3 is 1.2 to 3% by mass, Na 2 O and / Or 0.1 to 0.35 mass% of K 2 O and substantially free of P 2 O 5 , B 2 O 3 and CuO, thereby improving heat cycle resistance and forming zircon crystals Has been achieved.
- ZrO 2 is 90 to 95% by mass
- SiO 2 is 3.5 to 7% by mass
- Al 2 O 3 is 1.2 to 3% by mass
- Na 2 O and / Or 0.1 to 0.35 mass% of K 2 O and substantially free of P 2 O 5 , B 2 O 3 and CuO thereby improving heat cycle resistance and forming zircon crystals Has been achieved.
- the content of Na 2 O and K 2 O effective for suppressing the formation of zircon crystals is insufficient, and the contact condition with molten glass is zircon. The effect of suppressing crystal formation was insufficient.
- the chemical composition of the refractory is as follows: ZrO 2 is 89 to 96 mass%, SiO 2 is 3.5 to 7 mass%, Al 2 O 3 is 0.2 to 1.5 mass%, Na 2 O + K 2 O 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, B 2 O 3 less than 1.2 wt%, P 2 O 5 less than 0.5 wt%, the B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 0.01 More than mass% and less than 1.7 mass%, CuO is less than 0.3 mass%, Fe 2 O 3 + TiO 2 is 0.3 mass% or less, BaO is 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, SnO 2 is 0 It is proposed to be 3 mass% or less.
- the chemical composition of the refractory is as follows: ZrO 2 is 87 to 94% by mass, SiO 2 is 3.0 to 8.0% by mass, Al 2 O 3 is 1.2 to 3.0% by mass, Na 2 O is more than 0.35% by mass and 1.0% by mass, B 2 O 3 is more than 0.02% by mass and less than 0.05% by mass, P 2 O 5 , and CuO are substantially free, and to obtain the Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O weight ratio from 2.5 5.0, and inhibiting the production of zircon crystals in refractory itself by, the effect of.
- a high zirconia electrocast refractory based on the present invention contains only a low content of Na 2 O because Na 2 O, which has a high diffusion rate, is optimized for Al 2 O 3 .
- preferential elution of Na 2 O occurs. That is, in the high zirconia electrocast refractory, the mass ratio of Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 quickly deviates from the initial value of the unused state due to the elution as described above, and the effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals is early. There was a drawback of disappearing.
- the present invention is highly resistant to high zirconia electroforming, which is less prone to cracking even during refractory production, heating up, temperature change during use and heat down during operation suspension, and high durability.
- the purpose is to provide refractories.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention has a chemical composition of ZrO 2 of 85 to 95% by mass, SiO 2 of 2.5% by mass or more, Na 2 O of 0.04% by mass or less, B 2 O 3 is 0.04 mass% or less, P 2 O 5 is 0.04 mass% or less, and contains SrO as an essential component, and further contains at least one of K 2 O and Cs 2 O, and SrO , K 2 O and Cs 2 O satisfy the following relations of the following expressions (1) and (2).
- C K2 O is the content of K 2 O in electrocast refractory [mass%]
- C Cs2 O is the content of Cs 2 O in electrocast refractory [mass%]
- C SrO is electro SrO content [mass%] in the cast refractory
- C SiO2 represents SiO 2 content [mass%] in the electrocast refractory, respectively
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention has no problem of cracking during refractory production, is excellent in productivity, and is difficult to produce zircon crystals even in the refractory alone or in contact with molten glass. It is hard to crack when heated, used and lowered, and has excellent durability and reusability.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention is resistant to cracking even under molten glass contact and has high durability, so that a long furnace life can be obtained even when it is applied to a portion of a glass melting furnace in contact with molten glass. Therefore, the erosion amount of the refractory can be reduced to reduce the contamination of the molten glass. Furthermore, cracks are unlikely to occur when the temperature is lowered when the glass melting furnace is stopped due to production adjustment or when it is reheated, so that it is possible to reuse a refractory that has little erosion and has not reached its end of life. Further, the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention has no problem of cracking that affects the yield during production, and therefore has excellent refractory productivity, and as a result, the product can be produced at a relatively low cost.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as electrocast refractory or refractory) is composed of the above-described chemical components.
- electrocast refractory or refractory The role each of these chemical components plays in the refractory will be described below.
- the three components Na 2 O, B 2 O 3, and P 2 O 5 are set as an external display when the total of other components other than the three components is 100% by mass.
- components other than the three components of Na 2 O, B 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 are displayed in an inner manner.
- the inner hook refers to the ratio of each component in 100% by mass when the entire electroformed refractory (excluding outer display components) is 100% by mass.
- including 90% by mass of ZrO 2 on the inner side indicates that the entire electroformed refractory (excluding the outer display component) is 100% by mass, and 90% by mass of ZrO 2 is included in 100% by mass.
- the entire electrocast refractory (excluding external display components) is defined as 100% by mass
- the entire electrocast refractory (excluding external display components) that is not included in the 100% by mass The ratio is based on 100% by mass.
- including 0.01% by mass of Na 2 O as an outer coating means that the entire refractory (excluding outer display components) is 100% by mass, and additionally 0.01% by mass of Na 2 O is included.
- the zirconia raw material and the zircon raw material used for the production of high zirconia electrocast refractories inevitably contain 1 to 3% by mass of HfO 2 , and HfO 2 has almost no loss such as evaporation during the production. Therefore, the ordinary high zirconia electrocast refractories including the present invention contain 1 to 3% by mass of HfO 2 .
- HfO 2 is high-zirconia electrocast refractories, because the same function as the ZrO 2 generally, have a value of ZrO 2 + HfO 2, merely customary to denoted as ZrO 2, ZrO in the present invention 2 + HfO 2 is represented as ZrO 2 .
- the electrocast refractory of the present invention is a high zirconia electrocast refractory composed of a large amount of zirconia crystals, a small amount of matrix glass, and a few pores.
- Zr 2 O has a strong resistance to erosion of molten glass and is contained as a main component of the refractory. Most of ZrO 2 exists as zirconia crystals having excellent corrosion resistance against molten glass, and only a very small amount is present in the matrix glass.
- the content of ZrO 2 dominates the zirconia crystal content in the refractory of the present invention, and thus affects the corrosion resistance.
- ZrO 2 needs to be 85% by mass or more, and preferably 88% by mass or more.
- the amount of ZrO 2 exceeds 95% by mass, the amount of matrix glass that acts to relieve stress is relatively small, and cracks are likely to occur due to temperature changes during manufacturing, heating, use, and cooling. Become. Accordingly, the ZrO 2 content in the refractory of the present invention is 85 to 95% by mass.
- SiO 2 is a main component forming the matrix glass. In order to ensure the amount of matrix glass that acts to relieve stress, 2.5 mass% or more of SiO 2 is required. On the other hand, if a large amount of SiO 2 is included in the refractory, it is inevitably impossible to include a large amount of ZrO 2, and the corrosion resistance of the refractory to the molten glass is impaired. Accordingly, the content of SiO 2 in the refractory of the present invention is preferably 2.5 to 7.5 wt%, more preferably from 3.0 to 7.0 mass%.
- a feature of the present invention is that it contains K 2 O, Cs 2 O and SrO as particularly effective components for suppressing the formation of zircon crystals, and the suppression effect depends on the molar ratio of these components to SiO 2.
- K 2 O, Cs 2 O, and SrO is included in a high molar ratio with respect to the content of SiO 2 , both the refractory and the contact condition with the molten glass, the zircon crystal Is difficult to generate.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention has a large cation radius and a slow elution into the molten glass, and the cation radius is compared with the inhibitory effect on the formation of zircon crystals of K 2 O and Cs 2 O.
- SrO-containing molten glass it is a combination of SrO that suppresses the formation of zircon crystals that are slow to dissolve, and either one or both of K 2 O and Cs 2 O are combined. And SrO as an essential component.
- K 2 O is a component that lowers the viscosity of the matrix glass and at the same time suppresses the formation of zircon crystals.
- K 2 O has the role of reducing the viscosity of the matrix glass.
- K 2 O By including K 2 O in the refractory, it suppresses cracking of the refractory due to temperature changes during manufacturing, heating up, use, and cooling down. The effect which performs is obtained.
- the cation radius of K is large, elution is slow even when it comes into contact with molten glass, giving an effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals over a long period.
- the refractory does not contain Cs 2 O, but the molar ratio of SrO to SiO 2 (this is the content of SrO in the refractory [mass%] is the content of C SrO 2 , SiO 2 [mass%]. a case in terms of C SiO2, obtained at 0.580 ⁇ C SrO / C SiO2.
- the molar ratio of K 2 O with respect to SiO 2 (which is contained in K 2 O in the refractory If the amount [wt%] expressed C K2 O, SiO 2 content of [mass%] in C SiO2, obtained at 0.638 ⁇ C K2 O / C SiO2 .) is, if it is 0.06 or more An excellent effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals is obtained, and it is more preferably 0.08 or more.
- aluminosilicate crystals such as mullite are produced by heating during production or use, resulting in a decrease in the amount of matrix glass, during production, during heating, during use, or during heat reduction. Cracks are likely to occur due to temperature changes.
- K 2 O is contained in a refractory with a particularly high content, potassium-containing aluminosilicate crystals such as leucite are produced during production or heating during use, resulting in a decrease in the amount of matrix glass. Thus, cracks are likely to occur due to temperature changes during manufacturing, heating, use, and heating.
- Cs 2 O is also a component that suppresses the formation of zircon crystals, and the effect is exhibited even at a low content. Further, since the cation radius of Cs is very large, the elution from the refractory is extremely slow even when it comes into contact with the molten glass, and gives an effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals, particularly over a long period of time.
- the refractory does not contain K 2 O, but the molar ratio of SrO to SiO 2 (this is the content of SrO in refractory [mass%] is the content of C SrO 2 and SiO 2 [mass%].
- the molar ratio of K 2 O with respect to SiO 2 is 0.07 or more, more preferably 0.09 or more.
- SrO like K 2 O and Cs 2 O, is a component that suppresses the formation of zircon crystals and is a component that lowers the viscosity of the matrix glass.
- SrO is a component contained in low alkali glass, non-alkali glass, tube glass for cathode ray tubes, etc., and when the molten glass containing SrO comes into contact with a refractory, the concentration of SrO is contained. The elution of SrO from the refractory is slow without increasing the gradient. Therefore, when the refractory of the present invention is applied to melting of SrO-containing glass, the effect of suppressing the formation of SrO zircon crystals continues for a very long period of time.
- a composition having a high molar ratio of SrO to SiO 2 is preferable for suppressing the formation of zircon crystals over a long period of time.
- a composition satisfying the following formula (1) and satisfying the following formula (2) is preferable.
- the formula (1) and (2) are those converted content in the refractory of each component (mass%) to the molar ratio of SiO 2.
- C K2 O is the content of K 2 O in electrocast refractory [mass%]
- C Cs2 O is the content of Cs 2 O in electrocast refractory [mass%]
- C SrO is electro SrO content [mass%] in the cast refractory
- C SiO2 represents SiO 2 content [mass%] in the electrocast refractory, respectively
- the upper limit value of the formula (1) is 0.35
- the lower limit value is preferably 0.25
- the lower limit value of the formula (2) is preferably 0.12. If the value of the above formula (1) exceeds 0.35, crystals other than zirconia crystals may be generated from the matrix glass component during production or heating, and cracks may occur during production or heating. Since there exists a possibility of making it easy, it is preferable to set it as 0.35 or less. In order to obtain the effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals even under long-term contact conditions with molten glass, the value of formula (1) is preferably 0.25 or more.
- the value of the above formula (2) is preferably 0.12 or more for the purpose of obtaining the effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals even under long-term contact conditions with molten glass.
- the value of the formula (2) exceeds 0.25, the porosity of the refractory may increase, which causes a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the refractory, so the value of the formula (2) is The upper limit is preferably 0.25.
- Na 2 O is a component having an effect of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals in a refractory alone, but the effect of reducing the viscosity of the matrix glass is particularly remarkable, and is effective in suppressing the formation of zircon crystals under the contact condition with molten glass. It accelerates the elution of the components Al 2 O 3 , K 2 O, Cs 2 O and SrO into the molten glass, and accelerates the penetration of components that promote the formation of zircon crystals such as B 2 O 3 from the molten glass. Furthermore, since Na cation has a small radius, it easily elutes into molten glass by contact with low alkali glass, non-alkali glass, etc.
- B 2 O 3 is a component that promotes the formation of zircon crystals.
- the refractory produces a zircon crystal only with a thermal history, and even a small amount may promote the formation of a zircon crystal under contact conditions with molten glass. Therefore, a low content of B 2 O 3 is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals.
- B 2 O 3 has an effect of suppressing cracking at the time of refractory production even at a low content, and Al 2 O 3 , K 2 O and Cs 2 O contribute greatly to suppression of zircon crystal formation.
- the content of B 2 O 3 is allowed to be 0.04% by mass, preferably 0.03% by mass or less.
- P 2 O 5 is a component that significantly promotes the formation of zircon crystals.
- the refractory produces a zircon crystal only with a thermal history, and even a small amount may promote the formation of zircon crystal under the contact condition with molten glass. Therefore, the content of P 2 O 5 is preferably as low as possible in terms of suppressing the formation of zircon crystals.
- P 2 O 5 has an effect of suppressing cracking during refractory production even at a low content, and is also a component that is inevitably mixed depending on the type of zirconia raw material or zircon raw material. If the inclusion of P 2 O 5 is not acceptable at all, it is necessary to use an expensive refining raw material or a relatively expensive zircon raw material or zirconia raw material whose production area is limited.
- the content of P 2 O 5 is allowed to be 0.04% by mass. Preferably, it is 0.03 mass% or less. Therefore, the selection range of the zircon raw material and the zirconia raw material is not narrowed, and a relatively inexpensive raw material cost can be achieved.
- Al 2 O 3 can also be added.
- Al 2 O 3 is a component that lowers the viscosity of the matrix glass and at the same time suppresses the formation of zircon crystals to some extent. Even under contact conditions with low alkali glass or non-alkali glass where zircon crystal formation is significant, many of these glasses have a relatively high content of Al 2 O 3 , so there is a gap between refractory and molten glass. The difference in concentration gradient generated in the refractory is small, and the elution of Al 2 O 3 from the refractory is slow, so that the effect of suppressing the formation of the zircon crystals can be enjoyed over a long period of time.
- Al 2 O 3 exceeds 2% by mass, aluminosilicate crystals such as mullite are produced at the time of production or in use, resulting in a decrease in the amount of matrix glass, and during production and heat increase. Cracks are likely to occur due to temperature changes during use, during use, and when the temperature is lowered. Further, when 0.4 to 2% by mass of Al 2 O 3 is contained, it becomes difficult to form a zircon crystal with a refractory alone. Accordingly, the content of Al 2 O 3 in the refractory according to the present invention is 0.4-2% by mass, preferably 0.5-1.8% by mass.
- Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 contained as impurities in the raw materials are components that cause coloring and foaming of the molten glass, and it is not preferable to have a high content.
- the total content of these Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 is 0.3% by mass or less, and there is no problem of coloring, and it is preferably an amount not exceeding 0.2% by mass.
- Y 2 O 3 and CaO are contained as impurities in the raw material, these tend to increase the residual volume expansion coefficient in the thermal cycle test, and the combined content of these Y 2 O 3 and CaO There is no problem when the amount is 0.3% by mass or less, and preferably the amount does not exceed 0.2% by mass.
- the CuO content is preferably 0.02% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.01% by mass or less.
- alumina, zircon sand, silica, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, strontium carbonate, B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 are added to desiliconized zircon which is a zirconia raw material.
- the raw materials were mixed to prepare a mixed raw material, and this mixed raw material was charged into a single-phase arc electric furnace having an output of 500 kVA equipped with two graphite electrodes and completely melted by electric heating.
- the molten metal was cast by casting into a graphite mold having an internal volume of 160 mm ⁇ 200 mm ⁇ 350 mm embedded in a powder of buyer alumina that is a slow cooling material, and allowed to cool to a temperature near room temperature. After cooling, the ingot and the graphite mold were extracted from the slow cooling material, and the graphite mold and the ingot were further separated to produce the desired high zirconia electroformed refractory.
- the raw material composition was adjusted to obtain high zirconia electroformed refractories having the chemical compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Table 1 shows Examples (Examples 1 to 8), and Table 2 shows Comparative Examples (Examples 9 to 15).
- ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and SrO are quantitative analysis values determined by a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, device name: ZSX Primus II).
- the other components are quantitative analysis values determined by a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., apparatus name: SPS 1100).
- the quantification of each component is not limited to this analysis method, and can be carried out by other quantitative analysis methods.
- cracks during manufacturing The presence or absence of cracks on the appearance of the ingot was evaluated as follows. First, the presence or absence of cracks is visually checked, and the refractory with cracks is ground on the entire surface of the ingot to a depth of 10 mm, and the crack length in the ingot after grinding is 10 mm or less. The crack at the time of manufacturing is “small”, the crack at the time of manufacturing exceeds 50 mm and is 50 mm or less, the crack at the time of manufacturing is “medium”, the crack at the time of manufacturing exceeds 50 mm, the crack at the time of manufacturing is “ Classified as “large”. If there are no cracks during production, there will be no problem in the production of refractories.
- the crack at the time of manufacture is medium or less, it is easy to manufacture a refractory because it is only necessary to manufacture an ingot that is the same size as or slightly larger than the required refractory size and to perform light grinding on the surface.
- the crack at the time of manufacture is large, after manufacturing a very large ingot for the required refractory dimensions, heavy grinding and cutting are required, so the refractory production is very Cost is high and not realistic.
- the high zirconia electroformed refractory In this thermal cycle test, the high zirconia electroformed refractory generally exhibits residual volume expansion and, in some cases, cracks. Since this residual volume expansion is obtained by a test with a refractory alone against a heat cycle in a relatively low temperature range, when the refractory is applied to a glass melting furnace, a furnace that is relatively low temperature away from the molten glass. It shows crack resistance near the outer surface.
- the residual volume expansion rate by this test is preferably less than 3% by volume, and more preferably less than 2% by volume.
- the zircon crystal production rate under the contact condition with molten glass was determined by the following immersion test. That is, a 15 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 30 mm sample was cut out from the obtained electroformed refractory material, inserted into a 200 cc platinum crucible together with 250 g of alkali-free glass cullet, and the electric furnace (Motoyama) for a predetermined temperature and a predetermined time. (Product name: NH-2025D-SP). After cooling, the sample was taken out and crushed.
- the peak area ratio of the zircon crystal and zirconia crystal is obtained from the diffraction pattern, and the mass% of the zircon crystal is determined by the ratio of zircon crystal amount / (zircon crystal amount + zirconia crystal amount). Were determined.
- the glass used in this test has a chemical composition expressed in terms of oxide, SiO 2 is 60% by mass, B 2 O 3 is 8% by mass, Al 2 O 3 is 17% by mass, MgO is 3% by mass, and CaO is The alkali-free glass is 4% by mass and 8% by mass of SrO.
- the test conditions for the immersion test were as follows. As the immersion test 1, a test was conducted at 1250 ° C. for 20 days. At this time, the heating from room temperature to 1250 ° C. is performed at 300 ° C. per hour, the temperature is maintained for 20 days after reaching 1250 ° C., then cooled to 700 ° C. at 500 ° C. per hour, and further cooled from 700 ° C. to room temperature at 60 ° C. per hour. did. In this test, the production rate of zircon crystals is preferably 4% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the immersion test 2 As the immersion test 2, a test was conducted at 1450 ° C. for 4 days. At this time, the heating from room temperature to 1450 ° C. is set to 300 ° C. per hour, the temperature is maintained for 4 days after reaching 1450 ° C., then cooled to 700 ° C. at 500 ° C. per hour, and further from 700 ° C. to room temperature at 60 ° C. per hour. did.
- the production rate of zircon crystals is preferably 4% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the electroformed refractory of the present invention has high crack resistance against temperature changes in a refractory alone.
- the production rate of zircon crystals in the immersion test 1 of the electrocast refractories of Examples 1 to 8 was less than 0.5% by mass. Furthermore, the rate of formation of zircon crystals in the immersion test 2 of the electrocast refractories of Examples 1 to 8 was also less than 0.5% by mass.
- the electrocast refractories of Examples 1 to 8 have a zircon crystal production rate of less than 0.5% by mass, and the electrocast refractories of the present invention are very good even under glass contact conditions. It is difficult to produce zircon crystals.
- the electrocast refractory of the present invention has no problem with cracks during production, the residual volume expansion rate due to the thermal cycle of the refractory alone is low, it is difficult to produce zircon crystals, and further in contact conditions with molten glass However, the formation of zircon crystals is suppressed, and it is a highly durable refractory that is excellent in productivity, temperature change during use, and reusability.
- the electrocast refractory of Example 1 is free from cracks during production, has a small residual volume expansion coefficient in a thermal cycle test, and has a low rate of formation of zircon crystals in a glass immersion test. It is a refractory that is particularly excellent in change and reusability.
- Table 2 shows comparative examples (Examples 9 to 15) of high zirconia electroformed refractories not applicable to the present invention.
- Example 9 due to the shortage of SiO 2 , that is, due to the lack of the amount of matrix glass, the values of Formula 1 and Formula 2 are small in Example 10, and the viscosity of the matrix glass is too high, so that cracks during production are large. It is very difficult to produce a refractory.
- Example 9 Example 12, Example 14, and Example 15, a shortage of SiO 2 , that is, a shortage of matrix glass, a shortage of SrO that does not satisfy Equation 2, an excess of B 2 O 3 , and an excess of P 2 O 5 ,
- SiO 2 that is, a shortage of matrix glass
- SrO that does not satisfy Equation 2
- B 2 O 3 a shortage of SrO that does not satisfy Equation 2
- P 2 O 5 an excess of P 2 O 5
- the composition was inadequate, specifically either one or both of Formula 1 and Formula 2 were not satisfied, Na 2 O excess, B 2 O 3 excess, and P 2 O 5 excess, As a result, a high zircon crystal production rate was obtained in the immersion test. These refractories have insufficient suppression of zircon crystal formation under the contact conditions with molten glass.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractory of the present invention is excellent in productivity, hardly cracks when heated up, hardly forms a zircon crystal even when subjected to a heat history alone, and melts. It is difficult to produce zircon crystals even when in contact with glass. Therefore, it is a highly zirconia electroformed refractory material that is resistant to cracking even during temperature changes during use and heat reduction during operation suspension, has high durability, and is excellent in reusability. It is suitable for melting furnaces of alkali glass and non-alkali glass.
- the high zirconia electrocast refractories of the present invention have high durability and good reusability, extend the life of the glass melting furnace, reduce glass defects, and stop and restart the glass melting furnace. Since it becomes easy, it is particularly suitable as a refractory for a glass melting furnace.
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において、内掛とは、電鋳耐火物(外掛表示成分を除く)の全体を100質量%としたとき、100質量%の中でのそれぞれの成分割合をいう。例えば、ZrO2を内掛で90質量%含むとは、電鋳耐火物(外掛表示成分を除く)の全体を100質量%とし、100質量%中、ZrO2を90質量%含むことを示す。
一方、外掛とは、電鋳耐火物(外掛表示成分を除く)の全体を100質量%としたとき、該100質量%に含まれていない成分の電鋳耐火物(外掛表示成分を除く)全体の100質量%を基準にした割合をいう。例えば、Na2 Oを外掛で0.01質量%含むとは、耐火物(外掛表示成分を除く)全体を100質量%とし、それ以外にNa2 Oを付加的に0.01質量%含むことをいう。
上記式(1)の値が0.35を超えると、製造時や熱上げ時において、マトリックスガラス成分からジルコニア結晶以外の結晶が生成してしまうことがあり、製造時や熱上げ時に亀裂を生じやすくする恐れがあるため0.35以下とすることが好ましい。また、長期にわたる溶融ガラスとの接触条件においても、ジルコン結晶生成の抑制効果を得るためには、式(1)の値は0.25以上とすることが好ましい。
また、上記式(2)の値は、長期にわたる溶融ガラスとの接触条件においても、ジルコン結晶生成の抑制効果を得る目的のために0.12以上であることが好ましい。しかし、式(2)の値が0.25を超えると、耐火物の気孔率が上昇してしまう場合があり、耐火物の耐食性を低下させる要因となるため、上記式(2)の値は0.25を上限とすることが好ましい。
同様に、原料中には不純物としてY2O3とCaOが含まれるが、これらは熱サイクル試験での残存体積膨張率を増加させる傾向があり、これらY2O3とCaOとを合わせた含有量は0.3質量%以下において問題はなく、好ましくは0.2質量%を超えない量である。
鋳塊の外観上の亀裂の有無について次のように評価した。
まず、目視にて亀裂の有無を調べ、亀裂が生じた耐火物については鋳塊表面全面に各面深さ10mmの研削を行い、研削後の鋳塊における亀裂長さが10mm以下となった場合には製造時の亀裂を「小」、亀裂長さが10mmを超え50mm以下となった場合には製造時の亀裂を「中」、亀裂長さが50mmを超える場合は製造時の亀裂を「大」と分類した。製造時の亀裂がない場合、耐火物の製造に問題は生じない。また、製造時の亀裂が中以下であれば必要な耐火物寸法と同じかわずかに大きい鋳塊を製造し、表面に軽度の研削を行うだけで良いので耐火物の製造は容易である。一方で、製造時の亀裂が大であると、必要な耐火物寸法に対して非常に大きな鋳塊を製作した上で、重度の研削や切断が必要となるため、その耐火物製造は非常に原価が高くなり現実的でない。
製造した電鋳耐火物から40mm×40mm×40mmの試料を切り出し、800℃と1250℃の間を40回往復させる加熱・冷却の繰り返しを電気炉中で実施した。この際、室温から800℃の間の加熱は毎時160℃にて行い、ここから、800℃到達後直ちに1250℃の加熱を毎時450℃にて行い、1250℃到達後直ちに800℃までの冷却を毎時450℃にて行って1回の熱サイクルとした、800℃と1250℃の熱サイクルを40回繰り返した。最終の熱サイクル後は毎時160℃にて800℃から室温まで冷却した。この試験前および試験後で試料の寸法を測定し、その寸法変化から残存体積膨張率を求めた。
さらに、この熱サイクル試験でジルコン結晶が生成する耐火物もある。上記熱サイクル試験を経た電鋳耐火物について、ジルコン結晶の生成率を粉末エックス線回折装置(リガク社製、装置名:RINT-TTR III)により求めた。すなわち、熱サイクル試験後の試料を粉砕した粉末でエックス線回折測定をし、その回折パターンからジルコン結晶、ジルコニア結晶のピーク面積比を求めて、ジルコン結晶量/(ジルコン結晶量+ジルコニア結晶量)の比によりジルコン結晶の質量%を決定した。
溶融ガラスとの接触条件下におけるジルコン結晶生成率は次の浸漬試験により求めた。すなわち、得られた電鋳耐火物から15mm×25mm×30mmの試料を切り出して、これを200cc白金るつぼ中に250gの無アルカリガラスカレットとともに挿入し、所定の温度と所定の時間、電気炉(モトヤマ社製、装置名:NH-2025D-SP)中で加熱した。冷却後、試料を取り出し、試料を粉砕した。粉砕した試料粉末でエックス線回折測定をし、その回折パターンからジルコン結晶、ジルコニア結晶のピーク面積比を求めて、ジルコン結晶量/(ジルコン結晶量+ジルコニア結晶量)の比によりジルコン結晶の質量%を決定した。
浸漬試験1としては1250℃にて20日間の試験を行った。このとき、室温から1250℃までの加熱は毎時300℃とし、1250℃到達後20日間の温度保持をした後、700℃まで毎時500℃で冷却、さらに700℃から室温まで毎時60℃の冷却をした。この試験において、ジルコン結晶の生成率が4質量%以下が好ましく、2質量%以下がより好ましい。
表1から明らかなように、本発明による電鋳耐火物は製造時の亀裂がないか、亀裂があっても中以下であった。従って、本発明の電鋳耐火物は高い生産性で容易に製造できる。
なお、2010年10月6日に出願された日本特許出願2010-227016号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (9)
- 化学組成として、ZrO2 が85~95質量%、SiO2 が2.5質量%以上、Na2 Oが0.04質量%以下、B2 O3 が0.04質量%以下、P2 O5 が0.04質量%以下、およびSrOを必須成分として含有し、さらに、K2 OおよびCs2 Oの少なくとも一方を含有し、かつ、SrO、K2 OおよびCs2 Oが、次に示す式(1)および式(2)の関係を同時に満たすことを特徴とする高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- さらに、Al2 O3が0.4~2質量%含有される請求項1に記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- 前記式(1)の下限値が0.25であり、上限値が0.35である請求項1又は2に記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- 前記式(2)の下限値が0.12であり、上限値が0.25である請求項1又は2に記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- SiO2に対するK2Oのモル比と、SiO2に対するCs2Oのモル比との合計が、0.07以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- Fe2O3とTiO2との合計含有量が0.3質量%以下である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- Y2O3とCaOとの合計含有量が0.3質量%以下である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- CuOの含有量が0.02質量%以下である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
- ガラス溶融炉用である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物。
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CN201180048665.4A CN103153912B (zh) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-05 | 高氧化锆质电熔耐火物 |
EP11830718.0A EP2626340A4 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-05 | FIRE-RESISTANT PRODUCT WITH HIGH ZIRCONIUM SHARE |
KR1020137006399A KR20140000668A (ko) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-05 | 고지르코니아질 전기 주조 내화물 |
JP2012537748A JPWO2012046786A1 (ja) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-05 | 高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物 |
US13/840,040 US8563453B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2013-03-15 | High zirconia fused cast refractory |
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WO2013151107A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物 |
WO2013151106A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物 |
WO2015025901A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2015-02-26 | Saint-Gobain Tm K.K. | High zirconia fused cast refractory |
US9896383B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2018-02-20 | Saint-Gobain Tm K.K. | High zirconia electrically fused cast refractory |
JP2018509363A (ja) * | 2015-02-20 | 2018-04-05 | サン−ゴバン サントル ド レシェルシュ エ デテュド ユーロペアン | 高ジルコニウム含有量を有する溶融された製品 |
JP2019116406A (ja) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-18 | AvanStrate株式会社 | ガラス基板製造装置、及びガラス基板の製造方法 |
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FR2984878B1 (fr) * | 2011-12-21 | 2014-02-28 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire a forte teneur en zircone. |
US11465940B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2022-10-11 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Sintered zircon material for forming block |
US10308556B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2019-06-04 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Sintered zircon material for forming block |
RU2663756C2 (ru) | 2014-03-31 | 2018-08-09 | Сен-Гобен Серэмикс Энд Пластикс, Инк. | Спеченный цирконовый материал для матрицы пресс-формы |
CN107787311A (zh) | 2015-04-24 | 2018-03-09 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 结合的氧化锆耐火材料以及制造其的方法 |
EP3453689B1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-08-26 | AGC Ceramics Co., Ltd. | High-zirconia electrocast refractory and method for manufacturing the same |
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CN103153912A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
KR20140000668A (ko) | 2014-01-03 |
US20130210607A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
US8563453B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
EP2626340A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
JPWO2012046786A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
TW201223914A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
EP2626340A4 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
CN103153912B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
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