WO2012026211A1 - 光源および投射型表示装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2012026211A1 WO2012026211A1 PCT/JP2011/065091 JP2011065091W WO2012026211A1 WO 2012026211 A1 WO2012026211 A1 WO 2012026211A1 JP 2011065091 W JP2011065091 W JP 2011065091W WO 2012026211 A1 WO2012026211 A1 WO 2012026211A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
- H01L33/46—Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2073—Polarisers in the lamp house
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3167—Modulator illumination systems for polarizing the light beam
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light source and a projection display device, and more particularly to a light source and a projection display device using surface plasmons.
- Such a projector includes an LED, an illumination optical system into which light emitted from the LED is incident, a modulation element that modulates and emits light from the illumination optical system according to a video signal, and light from the modulation element on a screen. And a projection optical system for projecting onto the screen.
- LEDs Light Emitting Diodes
- the etendue obtained by the product of the light emitting area and the radiation angle of the light source is defined as the capture angle determined by the light receiving area of the modulation element and the F number of the illumination optical system. Must be less than or equal to the product of
- a polarization element such as a liquid crystal panel may be used as the modulation element.
- the emitted light of the LED is random polarized light
- the random polarized light needs to be converted into a specific polarization state in order to efficiently use the emitted light of the light source as projection light.
- the flat illumination device includes a light guide plate, a step-like microprism provided on the lower surface of the light guide plate, a polarization separation film provided on the upper surface of the light guide plate, and an upper surface cover provided on the upper surface of the polarization separation film.
- the polarization separation film has a configuration in which a metal thin film is sandwiched between a first low refractive index transparent medium and a second low refractive index transparent medium.
- the light that excites the surface plasmon among the light incident on the first boundary is only TM polarized light whose electric field component is parallel to the first boundary. For this reason, since the light generated at the second boundary is generated by the reverse process of the excitation process of the surface plasmon, it becomes the same TM polarization as the light that excites the surface plasmon. Therefore, the flat illumination device can emit random polarized light after converting it into a specific polarization state.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a light source and a projection display device that can solve the above-described problem that etendue increases when random polarized light is converted into a specific polarization state.
- a light source includes a light emitting layer, a first transparent dielectric layer, a metal layer, and a second transparent dielectric layer, which are sequentially stacked on the light emitting layer, and the metal layer and the first layer.
- the surface plasmon excitation that excites the surface plasmon by a specific polarization component whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the first direction in the plane of the interface out of the light incident from the light emitting layer at the interface with the transparent dielectric layer
- a periodic concavo-convex structure is formed along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the interface, which functions as a means, and the convex portions of the concavo-convex structure extend in the first direction.
- the metal layer and the first transparent dielectric layer according to the surface plasmon excited by the surface plasmon excitation means by the specific polarization component. From the surface plasmon generated at the interface with Light generating means for generating light having the same polarization component as a constant of the polarization components is formed.
- a projection display device includes the above light source, a modulation element that modulates and emits light from the light source according to a video signal, a projection optical system that projects light emitted from the modulation element, Have
- random polarized light can be converted into a specific polarization state without increasing etendue.
- FIG. 1 is a layout diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a projector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a layout diagram illustrating another example of the configuration of the projector according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a light source according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the light source 10 is laminated in the order of the submount layer 11, the diffusion mirror layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, the first cover layer 14, the metal layer 15, and the second cover layer 16.
- each layer in an actual light source is very thin, and the difference in thickness between the layers is large, making it difficult to illustrate each layer in an accurate ratio. For this reason, in FIG. 1, each layer is not drawn as an actual ratio, but is shown typically.
- a plane parallel to the upper surface of the light emitting layer 13 is defined as an XY plane, and a direction orthogonal to the XY plane is defined as a Z direction.
- linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the Y direction is TM polarized light
- linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to the Y direction is TE polarized light.
- the diffusion mirror layer 12 diffusely reflects incident light.
- the light emitting layer 13 emits light of a predetermined wavelength. More specifically, in the light emitting layer 13, the p-type layer 13A that is a p-type semiconductor layer, the active layer 13B, and the n-type layer 13C that is an n-type semiconductor layer are stacked in this order from the bottom. When a voltage is applied between the p-type layer 13A and the n-type layer 13C from an external power source (not shown) and a current flows between them, light is generated in the active layer 13B according to the current. To do. Here, the light generated in the active layer 13B is randomly polarized light.
- the first cover layer 14 is a first transparent dielectric layer formed of a transparent dielectric, and light from the light emitting layer 13 propagates through the inside.
- the transparent dielectric that is a material for forming the first cover layer 14 include transparent acrylic resins such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate resin), and glass. In the following, it is assumed that glass is used as the transparent dielectric.
- the metal layer 15 is made of a metal such as Ag and is provided on the first cover layer 14 so as to be in contact with the first cover layer 14.
- the interface between the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer 15 is a first diffraction grating 21 that diffracts light.
- the first diffraction grating 21 is formed with a concavo-convex structure periodic in a one-dimensional direction (hereinafter referred to as X direction). More specifically, the first diffraction grating 21 is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of convex portions 21A extending in the Y direction (first direction) in the X direction (second direction). .
- the first diffraction grating 21 has a surface plasmon at the interface between the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer 15 due to TM polarized light incident on the metal layer 15 at a predetermined incident angle out of random polarized light propagating through the first cover layer 14. It functions as a surface plasmon excitation means for exciting.
- the second cover layer 16 is formed of a material having the same dielectric constant as that of the first cover layer 14 and is provided in contact with the metal layer 15.
- the interface between the metal layer 15 and the second cover layer 14 is a second diffraction grating 22.
- the second diffraction grating 22 has the same structure as the first diffraction grating 21. That is, the second diffraction grating 22 has a convex portion 22A having the same shape as the convex portion 21A of the first diffraction grating 21, and a plurality of convex portions 22A are arranged in the X direction at the same cycle as the cycle of the convex portion 21A.
- the second diffraction grating 22 functions as light generating means for generating light from the surface plasmons excited by the first diffraction grating 21.
- the upper surface of the second cover layer 16 is a light emitting surface of the light source 10, and a diffraction portion 23 is formed.
- the diffraction unit 23 diffracts and emits the light generated by the second diffraction grating 22 which is a light generating means in a predetermined direction.
- the diffractive portion 23 is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of structures (for example, convex portions) extended in the Y direction, similarly to the first diffraction grating 21 and the second diffraction grating 22. Is done.
- Surface plasmons are dense waves of a group of electrons that propagate through the interface between metal and dielectric.
- the dispersion relation between the wave number and the angular frequency of the surface plasmon is determined from the dielectric constant of the interface metal and dielectric.
- the surface plasmon dispersion relationship matches the dispersion relationship of light propagating in the dielectric, that is, when the wave number of light in the dielectric becomes equal to the surface plasmon wave number, the surface plasmon is excited by the light.
- the interface between the metal and the dielectric is flat, the dispersion relation of surface plasmons and the dispersion relation of light in the dielectric do not usually match, so surface plasmons are excited simply by entering light from the dielectric to the metal. Not.
- a grating coupling method in which a diffraction grating (grating) is provided at the interface between a metal and a dielectric is known.
- the grating coupling method when light is incident on the diffraction grating at a predetermined incident angle, the dispersion relation of the diffracted light diffracted by the diffraction grating and the dispersion relation of the surface plasmon coincide, and the dielectric and the metal Surface plasmons are excited at the interface.
- the incident light that excites the surface plasmon propagating in a specific direction due to the surface plasmon being a dense wave is only linearly polarized light whose electric field component is parallel to the specific direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the periodic uneven structure in the X direction is provided at the interface between the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer 15, so that the interface between the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer 15 is provided.
- Light that can excite surface plasmons can be limited to linearly polarized light having an electric field component in the X direction and having a predetermined incident angle with respect to the first diffraction grating 21.
- the surface plasmon energy is transferred on both surfaces of the metal layer 15, and the surface excited on the first diffraction grating 21 side also on the second diffraction grating 22 side.
- the same surface plasmon as the plasmon is generated.
- a process opposite to the process in which the surface plasmon is excited by the first diffraction grating 21 occurs in the second diffraction grating 22, and light is emitted from the second diffraction grating 22. It will be emitted.
- first diffraction grating and the second diffraction grating have the same concavo-convex structure, and the first cover layer 14 and the second cover layer 16 have the same dielectric constant. This is because the light dispersion relationship in the inner light matches the light dispersion relationship in the second cover layer 16.
- the outgoing light emitted from the second diffraction grating 22 has a process opposite to the process in which the surface plasmon is excited, the same light as the light that has excited the surface plasmon, that is, the electric field component in the X direction. It has TM polarization. At this time, the outgoing angle of the outgoing light emitted from the second diffraction grating 22 is also the same as the incident angle of the light that excites the surface plasmons.
- the first diffraction grating 21 and the second diffraction grating 22 are configured to have the same optical configuration, so that the same light as the TM polarized light incident on the first diffraction grating 21 is emitted to the second diffraction grating. It is possible to emit from 22.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the light source 10 and shows a cross section of the light source 10 taken along the XZ plane.
- TM polarized light that is incident on the metal layer 15 at an angle ⁇ 1 that satisfies the surface plasmon excitation condition excites the surface plasmon on the metal layer 15 via the first diffraction grating 21. To do. (See arrow A in the figure). Then, the same surface plasmon as the surface plasmon is generated in the second diffraction grating 22 (see arrow B in the figure), and light is generated in the second cover layer 16 by the surface plasmon.
- the light generated here is the same TM polarization as the light that excited the surface plasmon at the interface between the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer 15, and is emitted at the same angle ⁇ 1 as the incident angle of the light (in the figure). (See arrow C).
- the surface plasmon excitation condition for example, TE polarized light or TM polarized light incident on the metal layer 15 at an incident angle ⁇ 2 different from the incident angle ⁇ 1. It is simply reflected or diffracted by the first diffraction grating 21 and does not excite surface plasmons. This light is diffusely reflected by the diffusing mirror layer 12, changes its polarization direction and incident angle, and enters the metal layer 15 again. When light repeats such reflection and becomes TM polarized light incident on the metal layer 15 at an incident angle ⁇ 1, the surface plasmon is excited.
- the surface plasmon excitation condition for example, TE polarized light or TM polarized light incident on the metal layer 15 at an incident angle ⁇ 2 different from the incident angle ⁇ 1.
- TM polarized light that excites surface plasmons, it propagates in the + X direction with multiple reflections in the ZX plane and enters the metal layer 15 at an incident angle ⁇ 1, and ⁇ X with multiple reflections in the ZX plane. In some cases, it propagates in the direction and enters the metal layer 15 at an incident angle of - ⁇ 1.
- the emission directions of the TM polarized light generated in the second cover layer 16 are also two. The light having different emission directions is diffracted by the diffraction portion 23 formed on the emission surface of the second cover layer 16 and is diffracted in a predetermined direction (in this embodiment, a direction perpendicular to the emission surface, arrows D and D ′ in the figure). Reference).
- the diffractive portion 23 of this embodiment has the same structure as the first diffraction grating 21 and the second diffraction grating 22, but this has two emission angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 from the second diffraction grating 22. This is because the emitted light is diffracted in a predetermined direction. Therefore, the diffraction unit 23 does not have to have the same structure as the first diffraction grating 21 and the second diffraction grating 22 as long as the structures extended in the Y direction are periodically arranged in the X direction. The structure, the shape, and the interval between the structures can be appropriately changed according to the incident angle to the diffraction unit 23 and a desired emission angle.
- the parameter that changes the light dispersion relationship is the lattice constant (pitch).
- the configuration of the first diffraction grating 21 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 21A in the first diffraction grating 21 can be changed as appropriate.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a shape example of the first diffraction grating 21, and shows a cross-sectional shape obtained by cutting the first diffraction grating 21 along the XZ plane.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first diffraction grating 21 is a rectangular wave shape (see FIG. 3A), a staircase wave shape (see FIG. 3B), or a sine wave shape (see FIG. 3C). ) And isosceles triangular waves (see FIG. 3D).
- Such a cross-sectional shape is line symmetric with respect to a line (line parallel to the Z direction) passing through the apex of the convex portion 21A and orthogonal to the Y direction.
- the first diffraction grating 21 having a rectangular wave cross section shown in FIG. 3A is shown.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second diffraction grating is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the first diffraction grating 21.
- the surface plasmon when the surface plasmon is excited by the second or higher order diffracted light, a plurality of modes are generated in the surface plasmon.
- the second cover layer 16 light emitted in each of a plurality of directions corresponding to each mode of the surface plasmon is generated, the emission angle of the light emitted from the light source 10 is widened, and the etendue of the light source 10 is increased. To do. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of the emitted light of the light source 10 can be improved by improving the diffraction efficiency of the first-order diffracted light.
- the diffraction efficiency of the first-order diffracted light can be improved by increasing the number of steps in the step shape. For example, when the number of steps is 4, the diffraction efficiency of the first-order diffracted light is about 81%.
- the first diffraction grating 21 having a sinusoidal cross section shown in FIG. 3C can be regarded as a stepped wave diffraction grating having an infinite number of steps, and the diffraction efficiency of the first-order diffracted light is theoretically 100%. Become. For this reason, from the viewpoint of the utilization efficiency of the light emitted from the light source 10, it is desirable that the first diffraction grating 21 has a sinusoidal cross section.
- the dispersion relation of the surface plasmon is determined according to the dielectric constant of the dielectric and the metal sandwiching the interface where the surface plasmon is generated. Therefore, the excitation conditions for the diffraction grating for exciting the surface plasmon and the incident angle of the light for exciting the surface plasmon vary depending on the materials of the metal and the dielectric. In particular, it is known that the excitation condition and the incident angle vary greatly depending on the metal material.
- glass is used as the dielectric.
- Ag that has a plasma frequency higher than the frequency bands of red light, green light, and blue light and reflects light other than light that excites surface plasmons with high efficiency is used.
- 4 and 5 are diagrams showing the relationship between surface plasmon and light dispersion. 4 and 5, the horizontal axis indicates the wave number, and the vertical axis indicates the frequency. Further, each of the frequencies corresponding to red light (wavelength: 630 nm), green light (wavelength: 530 nm), and blue light (wavelength: 450 nm) is shown.
- the solid line indicates the dispersion relation of the surface plasmon excited by the first-order diffracted light by the first diffraction grating 21. Therefore, if there is a region where the solid line and the shaded portion intersect, surface plasmon can be excited from the first-order diffracted light by light having energy corresponding to the region.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the dispersion relationship between the surface plasmon and the light when the lattice constant L of the first diffraction grating 21 is 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the solid line intersects with the shaded part in all frequency bands corresponding to red light, green light and blue light. That is, when the pitch L of the first diffraction grating 21 is 0.2 ⁇ m, surface plasmons can be excited from the first-order diffracted lights of red light, green light, and blue light.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the dispersion relationship between the surface plasmon and the light when the lattice constant L of the first diffraction grating 21 is 0.15 ⁇ m.
- the solid line intersects with the shaded part only in the frequency band corresponding to blue light. That is, when the pitch L of the first diffraction grating 21 is 0.15 ⁇ m, surface plasmons can be excited from the first-order diffracted light of blue light.
- the pitch of the first diffraction grating 21 is a range in which surface plasmon can be excited using the first-order diffracted light, that is, 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 4.2 ⁇ m when the incident light is red light, In the case of 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 3.5 ⁇ m and blue light, it is more preferable that it is in the range of 0.15 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 3.0 ⁇ m, and further, the range in which surface plasmons can be excited using only the first-order diffracted light, That is, when the incident light is red light, 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.35 ⁇ m, when green light is 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m, and when blue light is 0.15 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ m Most preferably in the range.
- the pitch of the first diffraction grating 21 when a pitch that causes surface plasmons to be excited by second-order or higher-order diffracted light is used as the pitch of the first diffraction grating 21, the cross-sectional shape of the first diffraction grating 21 is made sinusoidal or close to it. It is preferable that the diffraction efficiency of the first-order diffracted light is 100% or close thereto.
- the metal layer 15 may be formed of, for example, Al or Au instead of Ag.
- the pitch of the first diffraction grating 21 that can excite the surface plasmon only by the first-order diffracted light is 0.25 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m, green when the incident light is red light. In the case of light, 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m, and in the case of blue light, 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the pitch of the first diffraction grating 21 that can excite surface plasmons by only the first-order diffracted light is 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.35 ⁇ m when the incident light is red light.
- the incident light is blue light, and 0.15 ⁇ m ⁇ L ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ m.
- the surface plasmon and light dispersion relationship used in the above description is based on the grating coupling method in the ZX plane. That is, this dispersion relationship is such that the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer when the distance between the convex portions 21A (the pitch of the first diffraction grating 21) is changed with respect to the first diffraction grating 21 shown in FIG. This is a calculation of the dispersion relation between the surface plasmon parallel to the X direction and the light at the interface with the light. Note that the dielectric constant of the metal layer 15 conforms to the Drude-Lorentz model.
- FIG. 6 is a layout diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the projector according to the present embodiment.
- a projector 100 includes light sources 101R, 101G, and 101B, optical elements 102R, 102G, and 102B, liquid crystal panels 103R, 103G, and 103B, a cross dichroic prism 104, and a projection optical system 105.
- Each of the light sources 101R, 101G, and 101B has the same structure as the light source 10 shown in FIG.
- the light emitting layers 13 of the light sources 101R, 101G, and 101B generate light having different wavelengths.
- red light is emitted from the light source 101R
- green light is emitted from the light source 101G
- blue light is emitted from the light source 101B.
- Each of the optical elements 102R, 102G, and 102B guides the respective color lights from the light sources 101R, 101G, and 101B to the liquid crystal panels 103R, 103G, and 103B, respectively, and enters them.
- the liquid crystal panels 103R, 103G, and 103B are spatial light modulation elements that modulate and emit incident color light according to a video signal.
- the cross dichroic prism 104 combines and outputs the modulated lights emitted from the liquid crystal panels 103R, 103G, and 103B.
- the projection optical system 105 projects the combined light emitted from the cross dichroic prism 104 onto the screen 200 and displays an image corresponding to the video signal on the screen 200.
- FIG. 7 is a layout diagram showing another example of the configuration of the projector according to the present embodiment.
- the projector 100 ′ includes light sources 101 ⁇ / b> R, 101 ⁇ / b> G, and 101 ⁇ / b> B, a light guide 106, a liquid crystal panel 107, and a projection optical system 108.
- the light guide 106 combines the color lights from the light sources 101R, 101G, and 101B and emits them to the liquid crystal panel 107.
- the liquid crystal panel 107 is a spatial light modulation element that modulates incident combined light according to a video signal and emits the modulated light.
- the projection optical system 108 projects the modulated light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 107 onto the screen 200 and displays an image corresponding to the video signal on the screen 200.
- a liquid crystal panel is used as the spatial light modulation element.
- the modulation element is not limited to the liquid crystal panel and can be changed as appropriate.
- a DMD Digital Micromirror Device
- the liquid crystal panel 107 may be used instead of the liquid crystal panel 107.
- the light source 10 includes the light emitting layer 13, the first cover layer 14, the metal layer 15, and the second cover layer 16 that are sequentially stacked on the light emitting layer 13. .
- a periodic uneven structure in the X direction is formed at the interface between the metal layer 15 and the first cover layer 14.
- the first cover layer 15 and the second cover layer 16 have the same dielectric constant.
- the interface between the metal layer 15 and the first cover layer 14 has a periodic uneven structure in the X direction, light that can excite surface plasmons at the interface between the first cover layer 14 and the metal layer 15 is emitted. It is possible to limit to light having an electric field component in the X direction and having a predetermined incident angle with respect to the first diffraction grating 21.
- first cover layer 14 and the second cover layer 16 have the same dielectric constant, a process reverse to the process in which the surface plasmon is excited by the first diffraction grating 21 occurs, and the second cover layer 16
- the same light as the light that excited the surface plasmon that is, the TM polarized light having the electric field component in the X direction and having the emission angle equal to the incident angle of the light exciting the surface plasmon is emitted. Therefore, since the emission angles can be made uniform, random polarized light can be converted into a specific polarization state without increasing etendue.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing a light source according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the light source 30 shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by changing the configuration of the light generating means with respect to the light source 10 shown in FIG. More specifically, the light source 30 differs from the light source 10 in that a low refractive index layer 31 is provided instead of the second diffraction grating 22 between the metal layer 15 and the second cover layer 16.
- the low refractive index layer 31 has a refractive index smaller than that of the second cover layer 16.
- the metal layer 15, the second cover layer 16, and the low refractive index layer 31 constitute light generating means.
- this light generating means a so-called Otto optical arrangement is realized, and an ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) method is used as a method of generating light from surface plasmons by combining surface plasmons and light. ing.
- the ATR method when light is totally reflected at the interface between the dielectric and the low-refractive index layer, evanescent light is generated at the interface, and the evanescent light generates a surface at the interface between the low-refractive index layer and the metal. Plasmon is excited. Therefore, when surface plasmon is excited by the first diffraction grating 21, the same surface plasmon as that surface plasmon is induced at the interface between the metal layer 15 and the low refractive index layer 31. Then, light is generated from the surface plasmon via evanescent light generated at the interface between the low refractive index layer 31 and the second cover layer 16, and emitted to the second cover layer 16.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view schematically showing a light source according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the light source 40 shown in FIG. 9 is obtained by changing the configuration of the light generating means with respect to the light source 10 shown in FIG. More specifically, the light source 40 differs from the light source 10 in that it has a metal layer 41 instead of the metal layer 15. Further, the second cover layer 16 has a refractive index smaller than that of the first cover layer 14. The metal layer 41 has a film thickness that is extremely smaller than the film thickness of the second cover layer. A diffraction grating is not formed between the metal layer 41 and the second cover layer 16.
- the second cover layer 16 and the metal layer 41 constitute light generation means.
- this light generation means a so-called Kretschmann optical arrangement is realized, and light is generated from surface plasmons using the ATR method as in the second embodiment. That is, when surface plasmon is excited by the first diffraction grating 21, the same surface plasmon as that surface plasmon is induced at the interface between the metal layer 41 and the second cover layer 16. Then, light is emitted from the surface plasmon into the second cover layer 16 through evanescent light generated at the interface between the metal layer 41 and the second cover layer 16. Therefore, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained in this embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a light source according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the light source 50 shown in FIG. 10 is obtained by changing the configuration of the emission side of the second cover layer 16 with respect to the light source 10 shown in FIG. More specifically, the light source 50 is different from the light source 10 in that it has a hologram layer 51 laminated on the second cover layer 16 instead of the diffractive portion 23 of the second cover layer 16.
- the hologram layer 51 diffracts all light having a plurality of incident angles to the hologram layer 51 caused by a plurality of modes of surface plasmons excited by second-order or higher-order diffracted light by the first diffraction grating 21 in the same direction.
- it is a multiplex hologram in which a plurality of holograms that are emitted are stacked. Therefore, even if the surface plasmon is excited by the second or higher order diffracted light by the first diffraction grating 21, the increase in etendue of the light source 50 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view schematically showing a light source according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the light source 60 shown in FIG. 11 is obtained by adding a reflection portion 61 to the light source 10 shown in FIG. It is.
- the reflector 61 reflects the light generated in the light emitting layer 13. Thereby, since it can suppress that a light is radiate
- the reflection part 61 was provided in all the side surfaces of the light source 60, you may be provided only in the one part surface among the side surfaces. Even in this case, the light generated in the light emitting layer 13 can be incident on the metal layer 15 without waste as compared with the light source 10 shown in FIG. Moreover, the reflection part 61 may diffusely reflect light.
- the reflection unit 61 is added to the light source 10 of the first embodiment, but each of the light sources 30, 40, and 50 of the second to fourth embodiments is described. A reflection unit 61 may be added.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view schematically showing a light source according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- a light source 70 shown in FIG. 11 is obtained by changing the configuration of the diffraction grating with respect to the light source 10 shown in FIG. More specifically, the light source 70 differs from the light source 10 shown in FIG. 1 in that it includes a first diffraction grating 71 and a second diffraction grating 72 instead of the first diffraction grating 21 and the second diffraction grating 22.
- the first diffraction grating 71 is a blazed diffraction grating. That is, the first diffraction grating 71 is formed with a periodic concavo-convex structure in the X direction, and the concavo-convex structure has a sawtooth-like cross-sectional shape when viewed from the Y direction.
- the second diffraction grating 72 has the same structure as the first diffraction grating 71.
- a blazed diffraction grating In a blazed diffraction grating, only one of light incident at an incident angle ⁇ and light incident at an incident angle ⁇ is diffracted according to the blaze direction.
- the first diffraction grating 71 of the present embodiment diffracts only light incident at an incident angle ⁇ 1 out of light incident at an incident angle ⁇ 1 and light incident at an incident angle ⁇ 1. For this reason, the surface plasmon is excited only by the TM polarized light incident on the metal layer 15 at the incident angle ⁇ 1, so that the outgoing angle of the outgoing light emitted from the second diffraction grating 72 is only ⁇ 1.
- the incident angle ⁇ 1 at which the surface plasmon can be excited at the interface with the metal layer 15 can be changed by the dielectric constant of the metal layer 15, the pitch of the first diffraction grating 71 and the second diffraction grating 72, etc., as described above. is there. Therefore, by adjusting the dielectric constant, the pitch, etc., and making the emission angle ⁇ 1 of the outgoing light emitted from the second diffraction grating 72 smaller than the total reflection angle of the second cover layer 16, the second cover layer It is possible to emit light from the light source 70 in a predetermined direction without providing the diffractive portion 23 in FIG.
- the convex part of the 1st diffraction grating in this embodiment is asymmetrical with respect to the line which passes through the vertex of a convex part and is parallel to a Z direction in the cross section orthogonal to a Y direction, it will not be limited to a sawtooth wave shape but a staircase It may be wavy.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view schematically showing a light source according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- a light source 80 shown in FIG. 13 is obtained by inserting a phase modulation layer 81 between the diffusion mirror layer 12 and the metal layer 15 with respect to the light source 10 shown in FIG.
- the phase modulation layer 81 performs phase modulation on the transmitted light and changes the polarization state of the light.
- the phase modulation layer 81 is a retardation plate that gives a phase difference to transmitted light such as a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the light generated in the light emitting layer 13 is light that excites surface plasmons more efficiently than the light source 10 shown in FIG. be able to.
- phase modulation layer 81 is added to the light source 10 of the first embodiment.
- the light sources 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 of the second to sixth embodiments are described.
- a phase modulation layer 81 may be added to each of the above.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態の光源を示す斜視図である。光源10は、サブマウント層11、拡散ミラー層12、発光層13、第1カバー層14、金属層15、第2カバー層16の順番で積層されている。
図8は、本発明の第2の実施形態の光源を模式的に示す斜視図である。図8に示す光源30は、図1で示した光源10に対して光発生手段の構成を変更したものである。より具体的には、光源30は、金属層15と第2カバー層16との間に、第2回折格子22の代わりに低屈折率層31を有する点で光源10と比べて異なる。低屈折率層31は、第2カバー層16の屈折率より小さい屈折率を有する。
図9は、本発明の第3の実施形態の光源を模式的に示す斜視図である。図9に示す光源40は、図1で示した光源10に対して光発生手段の構成を変更したものである。より具体的には、光源40は、金属層15の代わりに金属層41を有する点で光源10と異なる。また、第2カバー層16が第1カバー層14の屈折率より小さい屈折率を有する。そして、金属層41は、第2カバー層の膜厚よりも極めて小さい膜厚を有する。なお、金属層41と第2カバー層16との間に回折格子は形成されていない。
図10は、本発明の第4の実施形態の光源を模式的に示す斜視図である。図10に示す光源50は、図1で示した光源10に対して第2カバー層16の出射側の構成を変更したものである。より具体的には、光源50は、第2カバー層16の回折部23の代わりに、第2カバー層16に積層されたホログラム層51を有する点で光源10と比べて異なる。
図11は、本発明の第5の実施形態の光源を模式的に示す斜視図である。図11に示す光源60は、図1で示した光源10に対して、光の出射面である上面および下面を除いた外壁面(つまり光源の側面)を覆うように反射部61を追加したものである。
図12は、本発明の第6の実施形態の光源を模式的に示す斜視図である。図11に示す光源70は、図1に示した光源10に対して回折格子の構成を変更したものである。より具体的には、光源70は、第1回折格子21および第2回折格子22の代わりに第1回折格子71および第2回折格子72を備える点で図1に示した光源10と異なる。
図13は、本発明の第7の実施形態の光源を模式的に示す斜視図である。図13に示す光源80は、図1に示した光源10に対して、拡散ミラー層12と金属層15との間に位相変調層81が挿入されたものである。
Claims (26)
- 発光層と、
前記発光層上に順に積層された、第1透明誘電体層と、金属層と、第2透明誘電体層と、を有し、
前記金属層と前記第1透明誘電体層との界面には、前記発光層から入射した光のうち、偏光方向が該界面の面内の第1の方向と直交する特定の偏光成分により表面プラズモンを励起する表面プラズモン励起手段として機能する、前記第1の方向と該界面内で直交する第2の方向に沿って周期的な凹凸構造が形成され、該凹凸構造の凸部はそれぞれが前記第1の方向に延びており、
前記金属層と前記第2透明誘電体層との界面には、前記特定の偏光成分によって前記表面プラズモン励起手段で励起された表面プラズモンに応じて前記金属層と前記第1透明誘電体層との界面で発生する表面プラズモンから、前記特定の偏光成分と同じ偏光成分を有する光を生じさせる光発生手段が形成された、光源。 - 前記光発生手段が、前記第2透明誘電体層と前記金属層との界面に、前記表面プラズモン励起手段と同一の構造を有し、前記第2透明誘電体層が、前記第1透明誘電体層と同じ誘電率を有する、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記光発生手段が、前記金属層と前記第2透明誘電体層との間に挿入され、前記第2透明誘電体のよりも小さい屈折率を有する低屈折率層を含む、請求項1に記載の光源。
- 前記第2透明誘電体層の屈折率は、前記第1透明誘電体層の屈折率より小さく、
前記金属層の膜厚は、前記第2透明誘電体層の膜厚より薄い、請求項1に記載の光源。 - 前記金属層がAgを含む、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記表面プラズモン励起手段が、赤色光の特定の偏光成分により表面プラズモンを励起し、前記凹凸構造の前記第2の方向の周期が、0.2μm~4.2μmの範囲にある、請求項5に記載の光源。
- 前記表面プラズモン励起手段が、緑色光の特定の偏光成分により表面プラズモンを励起し、前記凹凸構造の前記第2の方向の周期が、0.2μm~3.5μmの範囲にある、請求項5に記載の光源。
- 前記表面プラズモン励起手段が、青色光の特定の偏光成分により表面プラズモンを励起し、前記凹凸構造の前記第2の方向の周期が、0.15μm~3.0μmの範囲にある、請求項5に記載の光源。
- 前記金属層がAuまたはAlを含む、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記凹凸構造の凸部は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面において、前記凸部の頂点を通り前記第2の方向と直交する線に対して対称である、請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面が矩形波状である、請求項10に記載の光源。
- 前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面が階段波状である、請求項10に記載の光源。
- 前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面が正弦波状である、請求項10に記載の光源。
- 前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面が二等辺三角波である、請求項10に記載の光源。
- 前記第2透明誘電体層内を伝播する光を所定の方向に回折して出射する回折手段を有する、請求項1ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記回折手段が、前記第2透明誘電体層における前記光の出射面に形成された複数の構造体であり、
各構造体は、前記第1の方向に延び、かつ、前記第2の方向に沿って周期的に配列されている、請求項15に記載の光源。 - 前記回折手段が、ホログラムである、請求項15に記載の光源。
- 前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面において、前記凹凸構造の凸部の頂点を通り前記第2の方向と直交する線に対して非対称である、請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記表面プラズモン励起手段の前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面が鋸歯波状である、請求項18に記載の光源。
- 前記表面プラズモン励起手段の前記凹凸構造は、前記第1の方向と直交する断面が階段波状である、請求項18に記載の光源。
- 前記発光層における前記第1透明誘電体層の反対側に設けられた反射層を有する、請求項1ないし20のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記反射層は、光を拡散反射する拡散反射層である、請求項21に記載の光源。
- 前記第2透明誘電体層内を伝播する光の出射面を除く外壁面の少なくとも一部に設けられた、光を反射する反射部を有する、請求項21または22のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記金属層と前記反射層との間に挿入された、透過した光の偏光状態を変える位相変調層を有する、請求項21ないし22のいずれか1項に記載の光源。
- 前記位相変調層が、透過した光に位相差を付与する位相差板である、請求項24に記載の光源。
- 請求項1ないし25のいずれか1項に記載の光源と、
前記光源からの光を映像信号に応じて変調して出射する変調素子と、
前記変調素子から出射された光を投射する投射光学系と、を備えた投射型表示装置。
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WO2013132813A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光学素子、光学装置および表示装置 |
WO2021095625A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-20 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | フィルタ素子及びそれを含む撮像素子 |
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US9039201B2 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2015-05-26 | Nec Corporation | Display element, display device, and projection display device |
WO2012049905A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光学素子、光源および投射型表示装置 |
JP6620035B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-12-11 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
CN109801924B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-02-19 | 云谷(固安)科技有限公司 | 光学层、柔性显示器及其制备方法 |
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