Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
  • E04B1/3533—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by the raising of hingedly-connected building elements, e.g. arches, portal frames
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
  • E04B2001/3588—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using special lifting or handling devices, e.g. gantries, overhead conveying rails

Definitions

• the present invention can be included within the technical field of building construction, more specifically in the construction of small-sized buildings, such as single-family homes, small warehouses or industrial buildings and workshops, starting from precast concrete slabs.
• the object of the invention is about a semi-prefabricated building of rapid construction and its manufacturing process.
• the invention patent P200600168 refers to a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building. Said system comprises a floor, a roof and exterior walls, all of them made of reinforced concrete slabs, where the exterior walls comprise gaps for windows and, where appropriate, doors.
• Said patent P200600168 describes the lifting of the outer walls and subsequently the lifting of the roof.
• the outer walls are raised by abatement, using lifting elements comprising a fixed part fixed to the ground and a movable movable part with respect to the fixed part, and arranged in the hollows of the windows of the external walls, to which hollows are said movable part is fixed by means of anchoring elements.
• the lifting means are also subsequently used to raise the roof, since the roof slab comprises a plurality of openings, coinciding with the positions of said lifting means, where the part
• the lifting means movable is attached to said openings by means of said anchoring elements.
• the walls once raised, are joined together by two square-shaped metal reinforcements, one of said reinforcements located on the inner face of each wall and the other reinforcement located on the outer face, being fixed together and to the corresponding walls, between which concrete is subsequently poured in mass.
• the outer walls and the roof additionally have pins perpendicular to the joining edges of said outer walls and ceiling, where the pins have curved ends.
• a mold arranged between the upper part of the walls and the roof allows the pouring of mass concrete, which when hardened provides, in collaboration with the pins, a secure connection between the side walls and the roof.
• the present invention solves the technical problem posed by providing a semi-prefabricated building equipped with walls, floor and ceiling, of simplified construction and faster than those known, as well as a procedure for the construction of said building, which allows the simultaneous elevation of the walls and of the ceiling by means of the elaboration by molding in situ of said walls and ceiling, where the walls and the ceiling are united from the own process of elaboration in situ, as will be explained next.
• the floor is a concrete slab, preferably of reinforced concrete and is made in situ, preferably by molding, where said molding may comprise the in situ manufacturing of a floor mold, the assembly of said floor mold, and later filled with mass concrete, set and cured of said concrete.
• a plurality of lifting means are then placed on the floor, comprising a fixed part and a moving part, where the fixed part is arranged on the floor and the moving part can move relative to the fixed part.
• the side walls and the ceiling are molded in situ on the ground, placing ceiling molds (adapted to provide some inclination to the ceiling) and wall molds.
• the ceiling molds comprise first support tubes arranged longitudinally in parallel on first shims that provide them with a certain inclination, as well as comprising first boards arranged on the first pipes, forming a container on which the concrete has to be poured.
• the wall molds comprise second support tubes arranged longitudinally on the ground, with the help of second shims if there is a gap between the floor of the building and the ground, as well as they comprise second boards arranged on the floor.
• first tubes forming a container on which the concrete has to be poured.
• the lifting means must substantially coincide with the roof corners.
• the side walls incorporate gaps for at least one door in total, as well as for windows, where appropriate. Tubes and shims must be able to exit through gaps in doors and windows.
• the walls are molded by arranging the wall molds around the ceiling mold. During the molding process of walls and ceiling, they introduce joining means at the contiguous ends of said walls and said roof, to relate, once the concrete has set, said walls and said roof, by means of a semi-rigid joint between each of the walls and the ceiling, maintaining a separation between said walls and said roof.
• the lifting means comprise hydraulic jacks
• beams are preferably arranged parallel to the sides of the ceiling and substantially at the ends of said sides. Said beams comprise plates that protrude from their ends.
• the mobile housings of the lifting means are fixed in their lower part to two second discs, which before the elevation are arranged under the plates of the beams that concur in each corner of the roof.
• the roof is raised by synchronously activating the lifting means.
• the semi-rigid joints established between the walls and the ceiling through the joining means allow, together with the weight of the walls themselves, that, as the roof is raised, the walls are incorporated, by folding and displacement with respect to the lower edge of said walls, from an initial position in which the walls and ceiling rest on the floor to a final position, where the elevation of the ceiling is such that the walls are arranged in a substantially vertical position.
• the ceiling and wall molds remain on the floor.
• the plumbing and clamping of the walls is produced by conventional means and then the walls are joined together, fixing the first molds in the inner and outer corners of the walls squad and proceeding to pour concrete inside these first molds.
• the Side edges of the walls can incorporate from its molding second reinforcement bars that provide greater rigidity to the joint between said walls.
• the walls are joined with the ceiling, for which two second molds are arranged in the corners of the walls with the ceiling.
• the second molds comprise second angle or square shaped inner molds and second container shaped outer molds. Even more preferably, the second inner molds have a metal U-shape welded to the beams.
• Figure 1. It shows a plan view of the arrangement of the floor, the walls and the ceiling at some time prior to the filling of the molds and the elevation of the ceiling and the walls.
• Figure 2. Shows a view of the initial position prior to the elevation, where the molds and beams have not been represented.
• Figure 3. It shows an enlarged detail of the walls and the ceiling, where the beams, the cylinders, the molds and also the fit of the walls are represented.
• Figure 4. It shows a detail in plan of the support of the plates on the discs after the elevation.
• Figure 5. Shows, according to detail A of Figure 2, an enlarged view of the lifting means.
• Figure 6.- Shows a view of the roof elevation in a second higher intermediate position.
• Figure 7.- Shows a view of the roof elevation in a fully elevated final position with the walls in an upright position.
• Figure 8.- Shows the arrangement of the lifting means with respect to the beam and the roof during lifting.
• Figure 9. Shows a perspective view of the first molds fixed to the walls to join said walls.
• Figure 10. Shows an enlarged detail of the ceiling, the walls, the second molds of joining the walls to the ceiling, the beams and the flanges.
• the invention presents a semi-prefabricated building, equipped with walls (1), floor (2) and roof (3), and a method for the construction of said building, which allows the simultaneous elevation of the walls (1) and the roof (3 ) using lifting means (4).
• FIG 1 shows the floor (2) on which the walls (1) and the ceiling (3) are molded, placing wall molds (30) and ceiling molds (31), as seen in Figure 3.
• the ceiling molds (31) comprise first tubes (29) arranged longitudinally in parallel on first shims (16) that give the first tubes (29) the necessary inclination to define the roof (3).
• first boards (18) On the first tubes (29) are arranged first boards (18) that form a container on which the concrete is poured.
• the wall molds (30) comprise second tubes (29) arranged longitudinally horizontally on the floor, aided by a few second shims (38).
• On the second tubes (17) there are some second boards (39), which form a container on which the concrete is to be poured.
• the walls (1) incorporate holes (5) for doors and windows, where appropriate.
• the pipes (29, 17) and the shims (16, 38) are of such size that they can be removed from the building by the gaps (5) of the door and / or the windows.
• the walls (1) are molded by arranging the wall molds (30) around the ceiling mold (31).
• first corrugated bars (7) are introduced, by way of joining means (7), at the adjacent ends of said walls (1) and said ceiling (3 ), to relate, once the concrete has set, said walls (1) and said roof (3), by means of a semi-rigid joint between each of the walls (1) and the roof (3).
• lifting means (4) Prior to molding the walls (1) and the roof (3), hydraulic jacks (4) are arranged near the roof corners (see figures 1 and 3) as lifting means (4), comprising a piston (8) arranged on the ground (2) as a fixed part (8), and a mobile housing (9), as a mobile part (9), hydraulically operated to move longitudinally on the outside of the piston (8) ).
• a first disc (11) integral with the pistons (8), as well as (first) bevels is arranged on the ground (2) (12) reinforcement between the first disc (11) and the piston (8), to avoid excessive deformation or even a sinking of the ground (2).
• schematic figures 2, 6 and 7 schematic arrangements of the construction according to, respectively, a first initial position with the horizontal walls, a second intermediate position and a third final position with the vertical walls and the construction completely raised.
• a connection is made between the roof and the housings (9) by arranging beams (32) parallel to the sides of the roof (3) and substantially at the ends of said sides, near the corners.
• Said beams (32) comprise plates (34) protruding from the ends of the beams (32).
• the housings (9) are fixed in their lower part to two second discs (13) that, before the elevation, are arranged under the plates (34) of the beams (32) that concur in each corner of the roof ( 3).
• the width of the beams (32) is substantially equal to the width of the wall molds (30).
• a second reinforcing bevel (15) is arranged between the second disk (13) and the casing (9).
• the elevation of the roof (3) is observed by synchronized activation of the housings (9) from an initial position in which the walls (1) and the roof (3) rest on the floor ( 2) to an end position with vertical walls (1).
• the semi-rigid joints established between the walls (1) and the roof (3) through the first bars (7) allow, together with the weight of the walls (1), the incorporation of said walls (1), by folding and displacement with respect to the lower edge of said walls (1), as the roof is raised (3), until the walls (1) are arranged in a substantially vertical position.
• the plumbing and clamping of the walls (1) is carried out by conventional means, and then, as shown in Figure 9, the walls (1) are joined together, fixing on the inner part and on the outside of the corners of the walls (1) two first molds (19) in the form of a square and proceeding to the pouring of concrete inside said first molds (19).
• the side edges of the walls (1) incorporate second bars (20) that provide greater rigidity to the joint between said walls (1).
• Figure 10 shows how the walls (1) and the ceiling (3) are joined, pouring concrete into two second molds (21, 22) arranged in the corners of the walls (1) with the roof (3).
• the second molds (21, 22) comprise second inner molds
• the roof (3) is provided in its corners of pins (23) with curved ends, to provide greater rigidity to the joint between the walls (1) and the roof (3).
• the second molds (22) are fixed to the walls (1) and / or to the ceiling (3) by means of fixing means (24), comprising third jaws (24) to press the second outer molds (22) against the walls (1) through tie-down flanges (25) actuated by means of a plurality of second through bolts (26) and two second pairs of nuts (27).
• the second bolts (26) are housed in holes (28) arranged along the upper part of the walls (1), said holes (28) being embedded by embedding stems before setting the walls (1) and removing them before hardening of the concrete, preferably not before four or five hours from the pouring of the concrete, better still the next day.
• the second inner molds (22) also provide a joint between the beams (32) and the roof (3), in cooperation with rods (35) embedded in the concrete.
• Said rods (35) are fixed by means of third nuts (36), with support of some angles (37) welded to the beams (32), the third nuts (36) being released, once the elevation has occurred, for beam release (32).
• the use of the rods (35) and the nuts (36) allows to increase the lifting power, since the roof (3) already hardened performs a compression work, allowing the use of beams (32) of smaller size.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=44626922

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2010
  • 2010-08-25 ES ES201031282A patent/ES2395104B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-04-12 EP EP11724684.3A patent/EP2610411A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-04-12 RU RU2013112930/03A patent/RU2558065C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-04-12 WO PCT/ES2011/070246 patent/WO2012025645A2/es active Application Filing

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