WO2012025645A2

WO2012025645A2 - Semi-prefabricated building and associated construction method

Info

Publication number: WO2012025645A2
Application number: PCT/ES2011/070246
Authority: WO
Inventors: Domingo Bengoa Saez De Cortazar
Original assignee: Domingo Bengoa Saez De Cortazar
Priority date: 2010-08-25
Filing date: 2011-04-12
Publication date: 2012-03-01
Also published as: WO2012025645A3; EP2610411A2; WO2012025645A4; RU2558065C2; ES2395104B1; RU2013112930A; ES2395104A1

Abstract

The invention can be used for the simple, quick construction of prefabricated buildings. The building comprises a floor (2), walls (1) and a roof (3), all of which are prefabricated. The walls (1) and roof (3) are semi-rigidly connected by first bars (7) and the roof (3) includes openings (6) for securing lifting means (4) comprising hydraulic jacks (4) formed by a casing (8) secured to the floor (2) and pistons (9) that can move in relation to the casing (8). The synchronised actuation of the jacks (4) allows the walls (1) to be lowered and moved in relation to the floor (2) by means of the first bars (7), with the roof (3) and walls (1) being lifted simultaneously. The walls (1) are connected to one another and to the roof (3) by means of concrete that is poured into first (19) and second (21, 22) moulds secured at the corners of the walls (1) and the roof (3).

Description

SEMIPREFABRICATED BUILDING AND PROCEDURE FOR

CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH BUILDING

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can be included within the technical field of building construction, more specifically in the construction of small-sized buildings, such as single-family homes, small warehouses or industrial buildings and workshops, starting from precast concrete slabs. The object of the invention is about a semi-prefabricated building of rapid construction and its manufacturing process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention patent P200600168 refers to a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building. Said system comprises a floor, a roof and exterior walls, all of them made of reinforced concrete slabs, where the exterior walls comprise gaps for windows and, where appropriate, doors.

Said patent P200600168 describes the lifting of the outer walls and subsequently the lifting of the roof. The outer walls are raised by abatement, using lifting elements comprising a fixed part fixed to the ground and a movable movable part with respect to the fixed part, and arranged in the hollows of the windows of the external walls, to which hollows are said movable part is fixed by means of anchoring elements. The lifting means are also subsequently used to raise the roof, since the roof slab comprises a plurality of openings, coinciding with the positions of said lifting means, where the part The lifting means movable is attached to said openings by means of said anchoring elements.

Subsequently, the walls, once raised, are joined together by two square-shaped metal reinforcements, one of said reinforcements located on the inner face of each wall and the other reinforcement located on the outer face, being fixed together and to the corresponding walls, between which concrete is subsequently poured in mass.

The outer walls and the roof additionally have pins perpendicular to the joining edges of said outer walls and ceiling, where the pins have curved ends. A mold arranged between the upper part of the walls and the roof allows the pouring of mass concrete, which when hardened provides, in collaboration with the pins, a secure connection between the side walls and the roof.

It is intended to describe a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building that allows simultaneous elevation of the walls and ceiling.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention solves the technical problem posed by providing a semi-prefabricated building equipped with walls, floor and ceiling, of simplified construction and faster than those known, as well as a procedure for the construction of said building, which allows the simultaneous elevation of the walls and of the ceiling by means of the elaboration by molding in situ of said walls and ceiling, where the walls and the ceiling are united from the own process of elaboration in situ, as will be explained next.

Once the preparatory work has been carried out, such as, for example, if necessary, compacting the ground with stone, proceeds to lay the ground on the ground. Preferably, the floor is a concrete slab, preferably of reinforced concrete and is made in situ, preferably by molding, where said molding may comprise the in situ manufacturing of a floor mold, the assembly of said floor mold, and later filled with mass concrete, set and cured of said concrete.

A plurality of lifting means are then placed on the floor, comprising a fixed part and a moving part, where the fixed part is arranged on the floor and the moving part can move relative to the fixed part.

Next, the side walls and the ceiling are molded in situ on the ground, placing ceiling molds (adapted to provide some inclination to the ceiling) and wall molds.

Preferably, for simplicity in construction, the ceiling molds comprise first support tubes arranged longitudinally in parallel on first shims that provide them with a certain inclination, as well as comprising first boards arranged on the first pipes, forming a container on which the concrete has to be poured. Similarly, the wall molds comprise second support tubes arranged longitudinally on the ground, with the help of second shims if there is a gap between the floor of the building and the ground, as well as they comprise second boards arranged on the floor. first tubes, forming a container on which the concrete has to be poured. The lifting means must substantially coincide with the roof corners. The side walls incorporate gaps for at least one door in total, as well as for windows, where appropriate. Tubes and shims must be able to exit through gaps in doors and windows.

The walls are molded by arranging the wall molds around the ceiling mold. During the molding process of walls and ceiling, they introduce joining means at the contiguous ends of said walls and said roof, to relate, once the concrete has set, said walls and said roof, by means of a semi-rigid joint between each of the walls and the ceiling, maintaining a separation between said walls and said roof.

It is necessary to make a connection to the ceiling of the moving parts of the lifting means, to subsequently carry out the joint lifting of the ceiling and the walls by synchronously activating the lifting means. In the case that the lifting means comprise hydraulic jacks, to make said connection, beams are preferably arranged parallel to the sides of the ceiling and substantially at the ends of said sides. Said beams comprise plates that protrude from their ends. Likewise, the mobile housings of the lifting means are fixed in their lower part to two second discs, which before the elevation are arranged under the plates of the beams that concur in each corner of the roof.

Next, the roof is raised by synchronously activating the lifting means. The semi-rigid joints established between the walls and the ceiling through the joining means allow, together with the weight of the walls themselves, that, as the roof is raised, the walls are incorporated, by folding and displacement with respect to the lower edge of said walls, from an initial position in which the walls and ceiling rest on the floor to a final position, where the elevation of the ceiling is such that the walls are arranged in a substantially vertical position. After lifting, the ceiling and wall molds remain on the floor.

Then, the plumbing and clamping of the walls is produced by conventional means and then the walls are joined together, fixing the first molds in the inner and outer corners of the walls squad and proceeding to pour concrete inside these first molds. Preferably, the Side edges of the walls can incorporate from its molding second reinforcement bars that provide greater rigidity to the joint between said walls. Next, the walls are joined with the ceiling, for which two second molds are arranged in the corners of the walls with the ceiling. Preferably, the second molds comprise second angle or square shaped inner molds and second container shaped outer molds. Even more preferably, the second inner molds have a metal U-shape welded to the beams.

Finally, we proceed to the retraction and removal of the lifting means, together with the beams, as well as, if they have not already been removed, to the removal and evacuation of the first molds, the second molds, the wall molds and ceiling molds.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- It shows a plan view of the arrangement of the floor, the walls and the ceiling at some time prior to the filling of the molds and the elevation of the ceiling and the walls.

Figure 2.- Shows a view of the initial position prior to the elevation, where the molds and beams have not been represented.

Figure 3.- It shows an enlarged detail of the walls and the ceiling, where the beams, the cylinders, the molds and also the fit of the walls are represented. Figure 4.- It shows a detail in plan of the support of the plates on the discs after the elevation.

Figure 5.- Shows, according to detail A of Figure 2, an enlarged view of the lifting means.

Figure 6.- Shows a view of the roof elevation in a second higher intermediate position.

Figure 7.- Shows a view of the roof elevation in a fully elevated final position with the walls in an upright position.

Figure 8.- Shows the arrangement of the lifting means with respect to the beam and the roof during lifting.

Figure 9.- Shows a perspective view of the first molds fixed to the walls to join said walls.

Figure 10.- Shows an enlarged detail of the ceiling, the walls, the second molds of joining the walls to the ceiling, the beams and the flanges.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The invention presents a semi-prefabricated building, equipped with walls (1), floor (2) and roof (3), and a method for the construction of said building, which allows the simultaneous elevation of the walls (1) and the roof (3 ) using lifting means (4).

Figure 1 shows the floor (2) on which the walls (1) and the ceiling (3) are molded, placing wall molds (30) and ceiling molds (31), as seen in Figure 3. The ceiling molds (31) comprise first tubes (29) arranged longitudinally in parallel on first shims (16) that give the first tubes (29) the necessary inclination to define the roof (3). On the first tubes (29) are arranged first boards (18) that form a container on which the concrete is poured. The wall molds (30) comprise second tubes (29) arranged longitudinally horizontally on the floor, aided by a few second shims (38). On the second tubes (17) there are some second boards (39), which form a container on which the concrete is to be poured. The walls (1) incorporate holes (5) for doors and windows, where appropriate. The pipes (29, 17) and the shims (16, 38) are of such size that they can be removed from the building by the gaps (5) of the door and / or the windows.

Again in Figure 1, the walls (1) are molded by arranging the wall molds (30) around the ceiling mold (31). During the molding process of walls (1) and roof (3), first corrugated bars (7) are introduced, by way of joining means (7), at the adjacent ends of said walls (1) and said ceiling (3 ), to relate, once the concrete has set, said walls (1) and said roof (3), by means of a semi-rigid joint between each of the walls (1) and the roof (3).

Prior to molding the walls (1) and the roof (3), hydraulic jacks (4) are arranged near the roof corners (see figures 1 and 3) as lifting means (4), comprising a piston (8) arranged on the ground (2) as a fixed part (8), and a mobile housing (9), as a mobile part (9), hydraulically operated to move longitudinally on the outside of the piston (8) ). As can be seen in Figure 5, in order to improve the stability of the lifting means (4), a first disc (11) integral with the pistons (8), as well as (first) bevels is arranged on the ground (2) (12) reinforcement between the first disc (11) and the piston (8), to avoid excessive deformation or even a sinking of the ground (2).

In schematic figures 2, 6 and 7 schematic arrangements of the construction according to, respectively, a first initial position with the horizontal walls, a second intermediate position and a third final position with the vertical walls and the construction completely raised.

Next, as shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 8, a connection is made between the roof and the housings (9) by arranging beams (32) parallel to the sides of the roof (3) and substantially at the ends of said sides, near the corners. Said beams (32) comprise plates (34) protruding from the ends of the beams (32). Likewise, the housings (9) are fixed in their lower part to two second discs (13) that, before the elevation, are arranged under the plates (34) of the beams (32) that concur in each corner of the roof ( 3). The width of the beams (32) is substantially equal to the width of the wall molds (30). In addition, a second reinforcing bevel (15) is arranged between the second disk (13) and the casing (9).

In figures 2, 6 and 7, the elevation of the roof (3) is observed by synchronized activation of the housings (9) from an initial position in which the walls (1) and the roof (3) rest on the floor ( 2) to an end position with vertical walls (1). The semi-rigid joints established between the walls (1) and the roof (3) through the first bars (7) allow, together with the weight of the walls (1), the incorporation of said walls (1), by folding and displacement with respect to the lower edge of said walls (1), as the roof is raised (3), until the walls (1) are arranged in a substantially vertical position.

Then, the plumbing and clamping of the walls (1) is carried out by conventional means, and then, as shown in Figure 9, the walls (1) are joined together, fixing on the inner part and on the outside of the corners of the walls (1) two first molds (19) in the form of a square and proceeding to the pouring of concrete inside said first molds (19). The side edges of the walls (1) incorporate second bars (20) that provide greater rigidity to the joint between said walls (1).

Next, Figure 10 shows how the walls (1) and the ceiling (3) are joined, pouring concrete into two second molds (21, 22) arranged in the corners of the walls (1) with the roof (3). The second molds (21, 22) comprise second inner molds

(21) U-shaped metal welded to beams and second outer molds

(22) in the form of a container.

The roof (3) is provided in its corners of pins (23) with curved ends, to provide greater rigidity to the joint between the walls (1) and the roof (3). The second molds (22) are fixed to the walls (1) and / or to the ceiling (3) by means of fixing means (24), comprising third jaws (24) to press the second outer molds (22) against the walls (1) through tie-down flanges (25) actuated by means of a plurality of second through bolts (26) and two second pairs of nuts (27). The second bolts (26) are housed in holes (28) arranged along the upper part of the walls (1), said holes (28) being embedded by embedding stems before setting the walls (1) and removing them before hardening of the concrete, preferably not before four or five hours from the pouring of the concrete, better still the next day.

The second inner molds (22) also provide a joint between the beams (32) and the roof (3), in cooperation with rods (35) embedded in the concrete. Said rods (35) are fixed by means of third nuts (36), with support of some angles (37) welded to the beams (32), the third nuts (36) being released, once the elevation has occurred, for beam release (32). The use of the rods (35) and the nuts (36) allows to increase the lifting power, since the roof (3) already hardened performs a compression work, allowing the use of beams (32) of smaller size. Finally, we proceed to the retraction and withdrawal of cats (4), as well as, if they have not already been removed, to the withdrawal of the first molds (19) and large molds (21, 22).

Claims

1. - Semi-prefabricated building comprising floor (2), side walls (1) and roof (3), characterized in that it additionally comprises joining means (7) to connect the walls (1) to the roof (3), maintaining a separation between said walls (1) and said roof (3), where said joining means (7) are arranged between said walls (1) and the roof (3) constituting semi-rigid joints that allow joint articulated lifting of said walls (1) and ceiling (3), from an initial position in which the walls (1) and the ceiling (3) rest on the floor (2) to an elevated final position, in which the walls (1) are arranged vertically , where the elevation is by means of lifting means (4) arranged in the corners of the roof (3), which comprise a fixed part (8) arranged on the floor (2) and a movable part (9) movable with respect to the fixed part (8) and attached to the ceiling (2).

2. - Semi-prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (1) and the roof (3) comprise concrete slabs molded in situ, as well as the joining means (7) comprise first corrugated bars (7) inserted in the edges of the walls (1) and the ceiling (3), during the molding of said walls (1) and ceiling (3).

3. - Semi-prefabricated building according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the side edges of the walls (1) comprise third protruding bars of said edges to facilitate a rigid connection between the walls (1) after elevation, by means of cooperation with reinforced concrete poured inside two first molds (19) temporarily arranged in the corners of the walls (1).

4. - Semi-prefabricated building according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the roof edges (3) are provided with pins (23) to facilitate a rigid connection between walls (1) and roof (3) after the elevation, through cooperation with reinforced concrete poured into the interior of two second molds (21, 22) temporarily arranged in the corners of the walls (1) with the ceiling (3).

5. - Semi-prefabricated building according to claim 4, characterized in that the pins (23) are initially curved to save space and unfold before concrete pouring.

6. - Semi-prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (1) comprise in its upper part a plurality of holes (28) for fixing the second molds (21, 22).

7. - Semi-prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting means (4) comprise cylinders (4), wherein the fixed part (8) is a housing (8) and the mobile part (9) is a piston (9).

8. - Semi-prefabricated building according to claim 7, characterized in that the lifting means (4) additionally comprise second discs (13) fixed to the mobile part (9) to drive plates (34) arranged parallel to the sides of the roof near the corners of said roof, to jointly raise the roof (3) and the walls (1).

9. - Procedure for the construction of the semi-prefabricated building described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

- mold the ground (2) on the ground;

- place the lifting means (4) on the floor (2), at the corners of the roof (3);

- molding on the floor (2) the walls (1) and the ceiling (3), placing on the floor (2) some wall molds (30) and some ceiling molds (31), and proceeding to the assembly of said molds (30, 31), filling said molds (30, 31) with concrete, and setting the concrete, where the walls (1) and the roof (3) are joined by joining means (7) that provide joints semi-rigid between said walls (1) and said roof (3);

- jointly raise the roof (3) and the walls (1) by means of synchronized actuation of the lifting means (4), where the walls (1) are incorporated by abatement and displacement with respect to their lower edge from an initial position in the that said walls (1) and said roof (3) rest on the floor (2) to a final position, thanks to the weight of the walls (1) and the semi-rigid joints established through the joining means (7);

- plumb and fasten the walls (1);

- join the walls (1) together;

- join the walls (1) to the ceiling (3);

- remove the lifting means (4).

10. - Procedure for the construction of the semi-prefabricated building according to claim 9, characterized in that raising the roof (3) and the walls (1) comprises having beams (32) parallel to the sides of the roof (3) and near the ends of said roof (3), said beams (32) provided on their upper part with protruding plates (34) at the ends of the beams (32), to be pushed by second discs (13) fixed to the moving parts ( 9) of the lifting means.

11. - Procedure for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building according to claim 9, characterized in that joining the walls (1) together comprises fixing the first molds on the inside and outside of the corners of the walls (1) (19) in the form of a square and then pour concrete inside said first molds (19).

12. - Procedure for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building according to claim 9, characterized in that joining the walls (1) to the ceiling (3) comprises arranging at the corners of the walls (1) with the roof (3) two second molds inside (21) in the form of a square and two second outer molds (22) in the form of a container and then make a pouring of concrete inside the second molds (21, 22).

13. - Procedure for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building according to claim 9, characterized in that the second molds (21, 22) are fixed to the walls (1) and / or the ceiling (3) by means of fixing means (24) comprising third jaws (24) that press the second inner molds (21) and the second outer molds (22) against the walls (1) through tie-down flanges (25) actuated by means of a plurality of second bolts (26) through and second pairs of nuts (27), where the second bolts (26) are housed in holes (28) arranged along the top of the walls (1).

14. - Procedure for the construction of a semi-manufactured building according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises the step of removing the first molds (19) and / or the second molds (21, 22).