WO2012023519A1 - 化合物半導体薄膜作製用インク、そのインクを用いて得た化合物半導体薄膜、その化合物半導体薄膜を備える太陽電池、およびその太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
化合物半導体薄膜作製用インク、そのインクを用いて得た化合物半導体薄膜、その化合物半導体薄膜を備える太陽電池、およびその太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012023519A1 WO2012023519A1 PCT/JP2011/068462 JP2011068462W WO2012023519A1 WO 2012023519 A1 WO2012023519 A1 WO 2012023519A1 JP 2011068462 W JP2011068462 W JP 2011068462W WO 2012023519 A1 WO2012023519 A1 WO 2012023519A1
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- compound semiconductor
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052711 selenium Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 11
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea group Chemical group NC(=S)N UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- POXAIQSXNOEQGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ylthiourea Chemical compound CC(C)NC(N)=S POXAIQSXNOEQGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSPQVOFATJEJMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetraethylthiourea Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)N(CC)CC ZSPQVOFATJEJMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKLFVKZQETHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-$l^{1}-selanyl-n,n'-dimethylmethanimidamide Chemical compound CNC([Se])=NC JXUKLFVKZQETHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002531 CuTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBMOASIYCXHBNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diethylcarbamimidoselenoic acid Chemical compound C(C)NC(NCC)=[Se] NBMOASIYCXHBNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDRAPJDHXPRYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(=[Se])Nc1ccccc1 Chemical compound NC(=[Se])Nc1ccccc1 MDRAPJDHXPRYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylthiourea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)N(C)C MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alicyclic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000331 cadmium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003958 selenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenourea Chemical compound NC(N)=[Se] IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0272—Selenium or tellurium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02568—Chalcogenide semiconducting materials not being oxides, e.g. ternary compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
- H01L21/0259—Microstructure
- H01L21/02601—Nanoparticles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
- H01L21/02628—Liquid deposition using solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
- H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, an ink for preparing a compound semiconductor thin film used for manufacturing a solar cell, a compound semiconductor thin film obtained using the ink, a solar cell including the compound semiconductor thin film, and a method for manufacturing the solar cell.
- Solar cells are devices that convert light energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect, and have been attracting attention in recent years from the viewpoints of prevention of global warming and measures to replace depleted resources.
- the solar cell has a silicon type (single crystal, polycrystal, amorphous, or a composite thereof), a compound semiconductor type (CIS compound, CZTS compound, III-V). Group compounds, II-VI group compounds), organic semiconductor systems, and dye-sensitized systems.
- the CIS (CuInSe) compound solar cell has a large light absorption coefficient of the light absorption layer, a relatively small number of manufacturing steps, a high radiation resistance, and a photoelectric conversion exceeding 19% in the laboratory. Since it has excellent characteristics such as efficiency, it is expected to be a next-generation solar cell that plays a role in resource conservation and an energy source for preventing global warming.
- a CZTS (CuZnSnS) compound solar cell does not use a rare metal, it is expected as a low-cost future type solar cell.
- the light absorption layer which is the most important component of CIS compound solar cells and CZTS compound solar cells, is mainly formed by vacuum processes such as vapor deposition and sputtering.
- the vacuum process requires expensive vacuum equipment, and the manufacturing process is complicated, so there is a disadvantage that the power generation cost is high.
- this method does not use a binder and crystallizes only nanoparticles by an annealing process.
- the nanoparticles tend to aggregate during the coating process, and there are many voids in the light absorption layer after crystallization, resulting in a problem that the series resistance increases and the conversion efficiency decreases.
- there is no binder there are problems that the surface roughness is high, there are many defects on the surface, and the conversion efficiency is lowered.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is an ink for producing a compound semiconductor thin film capable of producing a low-cost solar cell, a production method thereof, a compound semiconductor thin film obtained using the ink, and a compound thereof It aims at providing a solar cell provided with a semiconductor thin film, and its manufacturing method.
- an ink for forming a compound semiconductor thin film characterized in that a binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms and metal compound particles are dispersed in an organic solvent.
- a compound semiconductor thin film characterized by being formed by applying or printing the compound semiconductor thin film forming ink according to the first aspect and performing a heat treatment.
- a solar cell comprising a light absorption layer comprising a compound semiconductor thin film according to the second aspect.
- the compound semiconductor thin film forming ink according to the first aspect is applied or printed on the electrode formed on the substrate to form a compound semiconductor coating film, and the compound And a step of forming a light absorption layer comprising a compound semiconductor thin film by heat-treating the semiconductor coating film.
- the ink for producing a compound semiconductor thin film according to the first embodiment of the present invention is obtained by dispersing a binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms and metal compound particles in an organic solvent.
- a binder in the compound semiconductor thin film preparation ink, it is possible to prevent the aggregation of the metal compound particles in the application process of the compound semiconductor thin film preparation ink, and to crystallize by filling the gaps between the metal compound particles with the binder.
- the gap between the compound semiconductor thin films after the process can be reduced.
- the surface of the formed compound semiconductor thin film is flattened by the surface smoothing effect of the binder, and the number of defects can be reduced.
- the binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms is compatible with metal compound particles, particularly CIS particles and CZTS particles, S atoms or Se atoms also have an effect of promoting crystal growth of CIS and CZTS, A dense crystal layer can be obtained.
- binder containing a compound containing S atom or Se atom one represented by the following chemical formula can be used.
- X represents an S atom or Se atom
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may all be the same group or different from each other.
- a binder containing a compound having a thiourea group has an advantage of being easily dissolved in an organic solvent and easy to prepare. In addition, there is an advantage that the thiourea group is easily decomposed by heat and hardly remains in the film after crystallization.
- the carbon number of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 in the above formula is not limited to an alkyl group or an aryl group having 1 to 10, and the carbon number may be 11 or more. If the number is 11 or more, it becomes difficult to decompose in the subsequent heat treatment step, and the binder may remain in the film, which may reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and the aryl group may have a substituent on the phenyl group.
- the compound represented by the above chemical formula examples include thiourea, tetramethylthiourea, tetraethylthiourea, phenylthiourea, isopropylthiourea, selenourea, dimethylselenourea, diethylselenourea, 1-phenylselenourea. Etc. can be mentioned. These compounds can be synthesized by known synthesis methods. Moreover, the binder containing the compound containing these S atoms or Se atoms can also be used individually by 1 type, However, Two or more types can be combined and mixed and used.
- the average particle diameter of the metal compound particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter of the metal compound particles is larger than 200 nm, gaps are easily formed in the compound semiconductor thin film in the heat treatment step of the compound semiconductor thin film, the surface roughness is high, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency tends to be reduced.
- the average particle size of the metal compound particles is less than 1 nm, the fine particles are likely to aggregate and it becomes difficult to prepare the ink.
- the average particle size of the metal compound particles is more preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- an average particle diameter averages the shortest diameter of the metal compound particle
- the metal compound constituting the metal compound particles may include at least one VIB group element.
- Examples of such metal compounds include Cu 2 O, CuSe, Cu 2 S, CuTe, In 2 S 3 , In 2 Se 3 and the like.
- the metal compound particles particles of a target compound semiconductor material or a material that becomes a compound semiconductor by a reaction can be used, and as such, CuIn x Ga 1-x Se 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) particles, AgIn x Ga 1-x Se 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) particles, CuIn x Ga 1-x (Se y S 1-y ) 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) particles, Cu 2 ZnSn And (S x Se 1-x ) 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) particles.
- CuIn x Ga 1-x Se 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and Cu 2 ZnSn (S x Se 1-x ) 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) particles are preferable.
- the forbidden band width in the CIS crystal can be appropriately changed.
- the forbidden band width in the CZTS crystal can be appropriately changed.
- Cu 2 ⁇ x Se 1 ⁇ y S y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) particles, Zn 2 ⁇ x Se 1 ⁇ x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y) ⁇ 1)) Particles and Sn 2 ⁇ x Se 1 ⁇ y S y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) particles are preferably mixed.
- a binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms can be used alone, or a plurality of types can be used in combination.
- the S / (S + Se) molar ratio of the mixture of the binder and the metal compound particles is preferably 0.05 to 0.9.
- the S / (S + Se) molar ratio is less than 0.05, the amount of the binder is small, so that a gap is easily formed.
- the molar ratio is larger than 0.9, metallic Cu 2 S is easily formed after the heat treatment, so that the carrier concentration increases and it tends to be difficult to use for the light absorption layer.
- the compound semiconductor thin film forming ink according to the first embodiment described above can be produced by dispersing a binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms and metal compound particles in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used is not particularly limited, and for example, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like can be used.
- Preferable organic solvents are alcohols having less than 10 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol and pentanol, diethyl ether, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane and toluene, and particularly preferable organic solvents are methanol, pyridine and toluene.
- a dispersant can be blended in order to efficiently disperse the binder containing the S atom or the compound containing Se atom and the metal compound particles in the organic solvent.
- the dispersant include thiols, selenols, alcohols having 10 or more carbon atoms, and the like.
- the ink according to the present embodiment can further be blended with another binder such as a silica binder.
- the concentration of particles in the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 20% by weight.
- the compound semiconductor thin film according to the second embodiment of the present invention is formed by applying or printing the above-described compound semiconductor thin film forming ink on a substrate, drying to remove the organic solvent, and then performing a heat treatment. It is.
- Examples of the coating method include a doctor method, a spin coating method, a slit coating method, and a spray method.
- Examples of the printing method include a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, a reverse offset printing method, and a relief printing method.
- the thickness of the coating film formed by coating or printing is preferably such that the thickness of the compound semiconductor thin film after drying and heat treatment is 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, for example, about 2 ⁇ m.
- the heat treatment can be performed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) as well as annealing by a heating furnace.
- the heat treatment temperature is a temperature necessary for crystallization of the compound semiconductor, and is preferably 400 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature is desirably 600 ° C. or less, particularly 550 ° C. or less.
- a compound semiconductor thin film is formed by dispersing a binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms and metal compound particles in an organic solvent. Since forming ink is applied or printed, dried and heat-treated, voids are easily formed as in the case of using ink in which only metal compound particles are dispersed in an organic solvent as in the conventional method. Thus, the conversion efficiency of a solar cell using this compound semiconductor thin film as a light absorption layer can be improved.
- the compound semiconductor thin film according to the second embodiment described above is formed as the light absorption layer 103 on the back electrode 102. That is, the light absorption layer 103 is formed by applying the compound semiconductor thin film forming ink according to the first embodiment described above onto the back electrode 102, drying, and heat-treating.
- a buffer layer 104, an i layer 105, and an n layer 106 are sequentially formed on the light absorption layer 103.
- the buffer layer 104 known CdS, Zn (S, O, OH), and In 2 S 3 can be used.
- As the i layer 105 a known metal oxide such as ZnO can be used.
- As the n layer 106 known ZnO to which Al, Ga, B, or the like is added can be used.
- the surface electrode 107 is formed on the n layer 106 to complete the solar cell.
- a known metal such as Al or Ag can be used.
- an antireflection film having a role of suppressing light reflection and absorbing more light by the light absorption layer may be provided on the n layer 106.
- the material of the antireflection film is not particularly limited, but for example, magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ) can be used.
- the film thickness of the antireflection film is suitably about 100 nm.
- the solar cell according to the third embodiment configured as described above includes an ink for forming a compound semiconductor thin film in which a binder containing a compound containing S atoms or Se atoms capable of forming a compound semiconductor and metal compound particles are dispersed. Since a compound semiconductor thin film formed by coating or printing, drying and heat treatment is used as a light absorption layer, it can be obtained using an ink in which only metal compound particles are dispersed in an organic solvent as in the conventional method. As in the case of the compound semiconductor thin film, the drawback of easily forming voids is overcome, and the conversion efficiency of a solar cell using the compound semiconductor thin film as a light absorption layer can be improved.
- solar cells having the structure shown in FIG. 1 were manufactured as follows.
- back electrode 102 On the soda lime glass 101, a back electrode 102 made of a Mo layer having a thickness of 0.6 ⁇ m was formed by sputtering.
- the compound semiconductor thin film forming ink obtained as described above is applied onto the back electrode 102 by the doctor method, and after evaporating the solvent in an oven at 250 ° C., the film is heated at 550 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- a light absorption layer 103 made of 2 ⁇ m CIS was formed.
- the structure in which the light absorption layer 103 is formed has a molar concentration of 0.0015 M, 0.0075 M, and 1.5 M of cadmium sulfate (CdSO 4 ), thiourea (NH 2 CSNH 2 ), aqueous ammonia (NH 4 OH) was added to a mixed aqueous solution at 70 ° C., and a buffer layer 104 made of CdS having a thickness of 50 nm was formed on the light absorption layer 103.
- CdSO 4 cadmium sulfate
- thiourea NH 2 CSNH 2
- aqueous ammonia NH 4 OH
- i layer 105 made of ZnO having a thickness of 50 nm was formed on the buffer layer 104 using diethyl zinc and water as raw materials by MOCVD.
- n layer 106 (Formation of n layer 106) On the i layer 105, an n layer 106 made of ZnO: B having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m was formed by MOCVD using diethyl zinc, water, and diborane as raw materials.
- the light absorption layer 103 was formed in the same manner as in the example except that an ink composed of a methanol dispersion containing only 5% by weight of Cu—Se and In—Se nanoparticles containing no thiourea as a binder was used. Thus, a CIS solar battery cell was obtained.
- FIG. 2A shows a SEM cross-sectional photograph of the example
- FIG. 2B shows a SEM cross-sectional photograph of the comparative example.
- the particle size of the CIS layer according to the example is large and there are almost no gaps, whereas the particle size of the CIS layer according to the comparative example is small and there are many gaps.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery cell according to the example is 3.2%, whereas the photoelectric conversion effect of the solar battery cell according to the comparative example is only 0.3%. This is because, in the solar cell according to the example, by using a binder for forming the light absorption layer by coating, the gap in the CIS film is reduced, the surface becomes flat, and the conversion efficiency is improved. it is conceivable that.
Abstract
Description
熱処理は、加熱炉によるアニールのほか、ラピッドサーマルアニール(RTA)によっても行うことができる。
CuIをピリジンに溶解した溶液を、Na2Seをメタノールに溶解した溶液と混合し、不活性ガス雰囲気下において0℃で反応させ、Cu-Seナノ粒子を合成する。反応溶液を濾過し、メタノールで洗浄した後、得られたCu-Seナノ粒子をメタノールに分散させた。
InI3をピリジンに溶解した溶液を、Na2Seをメタノールに溶解した溶液と混合し、不活性ガス雰囲気下において0℃で反応させ、In-Seナノ粒子を合成する。反応溶液を濾過し、メタノールで洗浄した後、得られたIn-Seナノ粒子をメタノールに分散させた。
以上のようにして得たCu-Seナノ粒子分散液とIn-Seナノ粒子分散液を混合し、S原子を含むバインダとしてチオ尿素を加え、Cu/In/Se/Sのモル比を0.9/1/2.4/0.6になるように調製した。この混合物の固形分が5重量%になるように、更にメタノールを加え、インクを調製した。
ソーダライムガラス101の上に、スパッタ法を用いて、厚さが0.6μmのMo層からなる裏面電極102を形成した。
裏面電極102の上に、前述のようにして得た化合物半導体薄膜形成用インクをドクタ法により塗布し、250℃のオーブンで溶剤を蒸発した後、550℃で10分間加熱することにより、膜厚2μmのCISからなる光吸収層103を形成した。
光吸収層103を形成した構造体を、それぞれのモル濃度が0.0015M、0.0075M、および1.5Mの硫酸カドミウム(CdSO4)、チオ尿素(NH2CSNH2)、アンモニア水(NH4OH)を加えた70℃の混合水溶液中に浸漬し、光吸収層103上に膜厚50nmのCdSからなるバッファ層104を形成した。
バッファ層104の上に、ジエチル亜鉛と水を原料として、MOCVD法を用いて、厚さ50nmのZnOからなるi層105を形成した。
i層105の上に、ジエチル亜鉛、水、およびジボランを原料として、MOCVD法を用いて厚さが1μmのZnO:Bからなるn層106を形成した。
n層106上に、蒸着法を用いて、厚さが3μmのAlからなる表面電極107を形成した。
Claims (13)
- S原子又はSe原子を含む化合物を含有するバインダおよび金属化合物粒子を有機溶媒に分散させてなることを特徴とする化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子の平均粒径は1nm以上200nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子は少なくとも1つのVIB族元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子は、CuInxGa1-xSe2(0≦x≦1)粒子、AgInxGa1-xSe2(0≦x≦1)粒子、CuInxGa1-x(SeyS1-y)2(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)粒子、Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4(0≦x≦1)粒子、及びCuAl(SexS1-x)2(0≦x≦1)粒子からなる群から選ばれた1種であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子は、Cu2-xSe1-ySy(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)粒子、(InxGa1-x)2(Se1-ySy)3(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)粒子、及びInxGa1-xSe1-ySy(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)粒子からなる群の少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子は、Cu2-xSe(0≦x≦1)粒子とIn2(SexS1-x)3(0≦x≦1)粒子の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子は、Cu2-xSn2-y(Se1-zSz)2(0≦x≦2、0≦y≦2、0≦z≦1)粒子、及びCu2-xZn2-y(Se1-zSz)2(0≦x≦2、0≦y≦2、0≦z≦1)粒子からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記金属化合物粒子は、Cu2-xSe1-ySy(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)粒子、Zn2-xSe1-xSx(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1))粒子、及びSn2-xSe1-ySy(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)粒子からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 前記S原子又はSe原子を含む化合物を含有するバインダおよび金属化合物粒子の混合物のS/(S+Se)モル比が0.05~0.9であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インク。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インクを塗布または印刷し、熱処理して形成されたことを特徴とする化合物半導体薄膜。
- 請求項11に記載の化合物半導体薄膜からなる光吸収層を具備することを特徴とする太陽電池。
- 基板上に形成された電極上に、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体薄膜形成用インクを塗布または印刷し、化合物半導体塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記化合物半導体塗膜を熱処理して化合物半導体薄膜からなる光吸収層を形成する工程と
を具備することを特徴とする太陽電池の製造方法。
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CN201180039712.9A CN103069572B (zh) | 2010-08-17 | 2011-08-12 | 化合物半导体薄膜制作用油墨、使用该油墨获得的化合物半导体薄膜、具备该化合物半导体薄膜的太阳能电池及该太阳能电池的制造方法 |
JP2012529591A JP5867392B2 (ja) | 2010-08-17 | 2011-08-12 | 化合物半導体薄膜作製用インクおよび太陽電池の製造方法 |
EP11818161.9A EP2608274A1 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2011-08-12 | Ink for production of compound semiconductor thin film, compound semiconductor thin film produced using the ink, solar cell equipped with the compound semiconductor thin film, and process for production of the solar cell |
US13/768,018 US9312409B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2013-02-15 | Ink for producing compound semiconductor thin film, compound semiconductor thin film produced using the ink, solar cell having compound semiconductor the thin film, and process for producing solar cell |
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US10961585B2 (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2021-03-30 | Pml Screening, Llc | Methods for assessing risk of developing a viral of disease using a genetic test |
US11913074B2 (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2024-02-27 | Pml Screening, Llc | Methods for assessing risk of developing a viral disease using a genetic test |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2608274A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
JPWO2012023519A1 (ja) | 2013-10-28 |
US9312409B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
TW201217467A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
JP5867392B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 |
US20130153033A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
TWI445778B (zh) | 2014-07-21 |
CN103069572A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
CN103069572B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
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