WO2012022016A1 - 弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置 - Google Patents

弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012022016A1
WO2012022016A1 PCT/CN2010/001566 CN2010001566W WO2012022016A1 WO 2012022016 A1 WO2012022016 A1 WO 2012022016A1 CN 2010001566 W CN2010001566 W CN 2010001566W WO 2012022016 A1 WO2012022016 A1 WO 2012022016A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer layer
elastoplastic
steel structure
safety protection
protection device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001566
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
霍明
刘士林
葛胜锦
彭泽友
王伟
潘长平
熊治华
孙蕊鑫
孟津
高山
Original Assignee
中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 filed Critical 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司
Priority to US13/817,297 priority Critical patent/US20130270754A1/en
Priority to EP10856014.5A priority patent/EP2607556A4/en
Publication of WO2012022016A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012022016A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/14—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands
    • E01F15/141—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands for column or post protection

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of structural protection in bridge and construction engineering operation, and relates to a safety protection device, in particular to an elastic plastic steel structure safety protection device.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency energy-dissipating elastoplastic steel structure safety protection device, in order to overcome the rigid collision between the vehicle, the ship and the pier or the surrounding important building structure existing in the prior art, It can effectively dissipate the impact energy and reduce the damage to the vehicle or the personnel.
  • an elastoplastic steel structure safety protection device comprising a protective outer layer and a vertical layered buffer assembly fixed in the protective outer layer
  • the buffering component comprises: a horizontally layered stiffening beam and a buffering member uniformly spanned between adjacent stiffening beams, wherein each of the buffering members is a pair of interlocking curved damping spokes One end of a pair of damping spokes intersect each other; the buffer members on the adjacent buffer assemblies are staggered in a vertical direction, and a damping rubber block is disposed between the adjacent stiffening beams in the vertical direction, adjacent in the vertical direction The damping rubber blocks are arranged alternately with each other.
  • the intersecting ends of the pair of damping spokes are connected to the outer stiffening beam of the horizontal outer layer, and the uncrossed ends are connected to the inner stiffening beam adjacent to the horizontal outer layer.
  • the upper and lower sides of the stiffening beam are provided with a cushioning member, and the upper and lower cushioning members are disposed in a vertical direction.
  • a dustproof cover is arranged on the top of the protective outer layer.
  • a suspension cable is disposed on the stiffening beam of the horizontal outer layer of the top cushioning assembly.
  • the damper is made of elastoplastic soft steel material, and its longitudinal stack can be C-shaped, semi-elliptical or nonlinear arc.
  • the stiffening beam and the damping spoke are connected by pinning or riveting.
  • the protective outer layer is made of rubber vulcanized and high plastic steel, and the outer surface of the protective outer layer is a closed pattern or a linear shape.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the safety protection device of the present invention uses a flexible protective outer layer, a damping spoke and a damping rubber block as the impact energy absorbing material, and is connected through the stiffening beam of the ring sleeve to form a A holistic and strong elastoplastic energy dissipating device, when the car or the ship hits, the safety guards extend the impact time by elastoplastic deformation of the damping spokes, 'dissipating the impact energy and reducing the impact force, due to the protective outer layer and stiffening
  • the overall function of the beam especially in the case of side impact, enables more damping spokes to participate in the force, and the force transmission is further, thereby increasing the force range after impact, diffusing the impact force, and the force is more uniform.
  • the invention adopts multi-level layer-by-layer protection, and has three-stage protection energy-consuming structure of "small collision, medium collision and large collision": in the case of small collision, the outer layer of the safety protection device and the damping spoke jointly produce deformation energy consumption.
  • the elastoplastic steel is basically in the stage of elastic deformation or a lower plastic deformation occurs;
  • the protective outer layer of the safety guard and the steel damping spoke interact to generate deformation energy, and the damping spokes undergo large plastic deformation, but the displacement caused by the impact is smaller than that between the outer ring stiffening beam and the damping rubber block.
  • the clearance of the outer ring stiffener does not touch the damping rubber block;
  • the safety protection device In the case of a large collision, the safety protection device is displaced greatly, and the outer stiffening beam contacts the damping rubber block. At this time, the safety protection device is deformed by the protective outer layer and the stiffening beam, the damping plastic deformation, and the compression deformation of the damping rubber block.
  • the safety protection device of the present invention has no connection with the ground at the bottom.
  • the cable is suspended on the top of the safety protection device, and the outer stiffening beam of the safety protection device is restrained from vertical deformation, thereby ensuring the impact.
  • the effect is relative to the ground connection design (the floor is easy to accumulate garbage at the bottom of the ground design, which is not conducive to cleaning, affecting the sliding effect of the safety protection device).
  • the cable suspension design is very beneficial to the deformation and maintenance of the safety protection device.
  • the stiffening beam of the safety protection device of the invention is installed on the pier or structure by using a hoop, and does not need to damage the pier or structure, and has wide application range.
  • the stiffeners, steel damping spokes and shock-absorbing rubber blocks of the safety guard are designed with unit modules. They are connected by pinning or riveting for easy installation, maintenance and replacement. After a large collision, it is only necessary to replace the partially damaged components, and the maintenance and maintenance costs are low.
  • 1 is a plan view showing the structure of an elastic plastic steel damping spoke of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of the elevation of the single-layer safety protection device of Embodiment 1
  • FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 are plan structural views of the single-layer safety protection device of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a structural view of the elevation of the multi-layer safety protection device of Embodiment 2
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the structure of the multi-layer safety protection device of Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 8 is the rear end protection diagram of the interworking triangle
  • FIG. 9 is the front end protection diagram of the interworking triangle
  • FIG. The triangular guide line is indicated;
  • Figure U is a structural view showing the safety protection device cable and the cover elevation of the embodiment 4
  • Figure 12 is a plan view showing the safety protection device cable and the cover plate of the fourth embodiment.
  • the reference numerals are as follows:
  • an elastoplastic steel structure safety protection device comprises a protective outer layer 4 and a vertical layered buffer assembly fixed in the protective outer layer 4, wherein each of the buffer components comprises The horizontally distributed stiffening beam 3 and the cushioning member 2, the cushioning member 2 are uniformly bridged between the adjacent stiffening beams 3, and the upper and lower sides of the stiffening beam 3 are provided with a cushioning member 2, and the upper and lower sides of the stiffening beam 3 are buffered.
  • the members 2 are staggered in the vertical direction.
  • Each of the cushioning members 2 is a pair of arcuate damping spokes 1 disposed, and one end of a pair of damping spokes 1 intersects each other;
  • the damping spokes 1 are made of elastoplastic soft steel, and the longitudinal stacking surface thereof can be C Shape, semi-elliptical or non-linear arc shape, plastic deformation through the damping spoke during impact, prolong the impact time, dissipate the impact energy and reduce the impact force.
  • a damping rubber block 5 is disposed between the adjacent stiffening beams 3 adjacent to the adjacent buffer assembly, and the damping rubber block 5 is connected up and down between the adjacent stiffening beams 3 and is hung or riveted with the pier 8 Together, and the adjacent damping rubber blocks 5 in the vertical direction are alternately arranged.
  • the protective outer layer 4 is made of rubber vulcanized and high plastic steel plate, and the horizontal section of the protective outer layer 4 may be a closed figure, such as an elliptical shape, a racetrack shape, a circular shape, a rectangular shape or other planar patterns, or
  • the linear shape such as a straight line, a curve, etc., has a horizontal cross-sectional shape similar to that of the outer contour of the pier, and a dustproof cover 7 is disposed on the top cushioning component of the protective outer layer 4, and the dustproof cover 7 can prevent dust, rain, snow, etc.
  • the object enters the guard device, and a suspension cable 6 is arranged on the stiffening beam 3 of the horizontal outer layer of the topmost cushioning component.
  • the suspension cable 6 is used to suspend the guard device to the upper part of the pier 8 to realize the slip rotation of the safety guard device. .
  • the present invention holds the stiffening beam 3 of the innermost ring around the pier 8 by bolts, and the elastic plastic steel damping spoke 1 connects the inner and outer stiffening beams 3 of the ring sleeve into a whole through the connecting pin; the outermost ring
  • the top stiffening beam 3 is suspended from the pier 8 by a suspension cable 6; finally, a dustproof cover 7 is provided on the top of the protective outer layer 4.
  • an eight-layer buffer assembly is vertically disposed around the pier 8 in the protective outer layer 4 of the embodiment.
  • the horizontal layer of the protective outer layer 4 is circular, and each layer of the buffer component includes two horizontal loop sleeves.
  • the stiffening beam 3, the stiffening beam 3 is also a corresponding ring.
  • the cushioning members 2 are uniformly disposed on the upper and lower sides of the two layers of stiffening beams 3, and the adjacent cushioning members 2 are alternately arranged in the vertical direction, and the mutually intersecting ends of each of the cushioning members 2 are connected with the stiffening beams of the horizontal outer layer, and the intersecting ends are not
  • the horizontal inner stiffening beam 3 is connected, the inner stiffening beam 3 is clasped to the pier 8, and the damping rubber block 5 is connected to the stiffening beam 3 of the upper and lower adjacent inner layers and is riveted around the pier 8 for each layer.
  • the stiffening beam 3 of the horizontal outer layer of the cushioning assembly is fixed on the inner wall of the protective outer layer 4, and the hoisting cable 6 is arranged on the stiffening beam 3 of the horizontal outer layer of the topmost cushioning assembly, and the suspension cable 6 is connected to the upper part of the pier 8, keeping The bottommost cushioning assembly is detached from the ground, and the top of the protective outer layer 4 is provided with a dustproof cover 7.
  • the horizontal section of the protective outer layer 4 is a racetrack shape, and therefore, the corresponding stiffening beam 3 is also a corresponding racetrack-shaped structure.
  • the horizontal section of the protective outer layer 4 is rectangular. Therefore, the corresponding stiffening beam 3 is also a corresponding rectangular structure, and the four corner transitions are arcs, buffered. The components are evenly connected between adjacent stiffening beams 3.
  • each layer of the buffer assembly includes a three-layer stiffening beam 3 of the ring sleeve, and the innermost stiffening beam 3 is hung on the pier 8, and the embodiment 1
  • the cushioning member 2 is connected to the stiffening beam 3 in a similar manner.
  • the stiffening beam 3 of the inner layer of the present embodiment and the stiffening beam 3 of the middle layer are connected by the cushioning member 2, and the stiffening beam 3 of the middle layer and the stiffening beam 3 of the outer layer also pass through the cushioning member 2 Sequentially connected, the mutually intersecting ends of the cushioning members 2 are always in the outer layer; the damping rubber blocks 5 are connected between the stiffening beams 3 of the vertically adjacent inner layers, and the adjacent damping rubber blocks 5 are staggered in the vertical direction.
  • the shock absorbing rubber block 5 is connected up and down to the stiffening beam 3 of the innermost ring and is hovering or riveting with the pier 8.
  • the outermost stiffening beam 3 of the top cushioning assembly is provided with a suspension cable 6 connected to the upper part of the pier 8.
  • a dustproof cover 7 is provided on the top of the protective outer layer 4.
  • the schematic shape of the protective outer layer is not limited to a circular shape.
  • the protection design is mainly for the design of the inter-connected triangle structure. Since the inter-connecting triangle is the car diversion, it is vulnerable to car impact, and consists of the front-end guard column 9 and the rear-end protection pier 10. .
  • the front guard column 9 is cylindrical, and the safety guard disposed thereon is semicircularly surrounds the front end portion of the guard column 9 (ie, facing the direction in which the vehicle enters), and the protective outer layer of the safety guard 4
  • the transverse stacking surface is semicircular, and each layer of the buffering component in the protective outer layer 4 comprises three layers of stiffening beams 3 arranged horizontally inside and outside.
  • the stiffening beams 3 are also corresponding semi-annular rings, and the three layers of stiffening beams 3 are sequentially connected by the buffering member 2
  • a damping rubber block 5 is connected between the vertically adjacent stiffening beams 3, and the damping rubber block 5 is hung around the guard column 9.
  • the bottom of the protective outer layer 4 can be directly buried, fixed to the road surface or has a fastening fitting to fix the lower end to the base provided on the road surface, so that no suspension cable 6 connection is required; as shown in FIG.
  • the protective pier 10 is composed of a wall with a rectangular cross-section and a semi-cylindrical joint connected thereto.
  • the transverse surface of the protective outer layer 4 of the safety guard is a U-shaped structure, and the semi-cylindrical portion is stiffened.
  • the beam 3 is also a corresponding semi-annular shape. Since the diameter of the semi-cylindrical is small, the semi-cylindrical portion is provided with four layers of stiffening beams 3, The four-layer stiffening beams 3 are connected by the buffer member 2, and for the wall portion, since the wall is wider than the semi-cylindrical width, two layers of stiffening beams 3 are disposed on both sides of the wall of the protective pier 10, and the buffer members are passed through the buffer member.
  • the outermost stiffening beam 3 of the cushioning component of the top layer of the safety guard of the present embodiment is suspended and connected to the pier 8 by the suspension cable 6, due to the outermost stiffening beam 3 and the protection.
  • the outer layer 4 is fixedly connected, and the suspension cable 6 can lift the entire safety guard.
  • the top end can be set with different landscape shapes 11 to increase the landscape effect, such as the "squid jumping dragon gate" The shape, and the suspension cable 6 can be connected to the landscape.
  • the dustproof cover 7 provided on the top surface of the protective outer layer 4 can also be designed with a unit block design, aluminum rivet riveting, the aluminum rivet is cut when the collision occurs, and the dust cover 7 can be broken. Shrinkage does not affect the deformation of the guard.
  • the edge of the dustproof cover 7 is designed with a cylindrical crimping edge, and the impact position has no sharp corners, which expands the impact range and effectively protects the safety of the vehicle and the ship.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the safety guard can be used as long as it is a structure similar to the pier 8, the guard column 9, the guard pier 10, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置 技术领域
本发明属桥梁、 建筑工程运营中的结构防护技术领域， 涉及一种安全防护 装置， 具体是一种弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置。
背景技术
目前我国交通安全的现状令人堪忧， 在众多影响公共交通安全的关键结构 上基本没有设置任何隔离或减缓车辆、 船舶等交通工具撞击的防护装置， 这样 直接威胁到人们的生命和财产安全； 然而随着我国交通量的快速增长， 汽车、 船舶与道路或河流周边建筑的矛盾也愈加突出， 汽车、 船舶撞击桥墩或周边建 筑的事故时有发生， 严重时会造成桥墩或建筑结构倒塌、 车船毁坏、 人员伤亡。 究其原因， 是因为汽车、 船舶直接撞击结构物属于刚性撞击， 在撞击过程中缺 乏能量耗散或隔离装置， 因此破坏性极大。
为解决此类问题， 人们也采取了一些防护措施， 例如加大桥墩结构尺寸， 或者 采用钢管围栏、 防撞桩等简易防护装置， 这些措施虽然在一定程度上保障了桥 墩的结构安全， 但其美观性和适用性并不高， 最为重要的是汽车、 船舶撞击防 护装置时仍属于刚性撞击， 不能有效地耗散能量， 减弱撞击对车船或人员的伤 害。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种高效消能型的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 以克服 现有技术中存在的车辆、 船舶与桥墩或周边重要建筑结构发生刚性碰撞时， 不 能有效地耗散撞击能量， 减弱撞击对车船或人员伤害的问题。
为克服现有技术中存在的问题， 本发明采用的技术解决方案是： 一种弹塑性钢 结构安全防护装置， 包括防护外层和固定于防护外层内的垂直层状布置的缓冲 组件， 其特征在于： 所述的每层缓冲组件包括水平层状分布的加劲梁和均布跨 接于相邻加劲梁之间的缓冲构件， 所述的每个缓冲构件为一对相扣设置的弧形 阻尼辐， 一对阻尼辐的一端相互交叉； 所述相邻缓冲组件上的缓冲构件垂直方 向上相互交错设置， 垂直方向上相邻的加劲梁之间设置有减震橡胶块， 垂直方 向上相邻的减震橡胶块相互交错设置。
上述一对阻尼辐的相互交叉端与水平外层的外加劲梁连接， 未交叉端与水 平外层相邻的内加劲梁连接。
上述加劲梁的上下侧均设置有缓冲构件， 上下侧的缓冲构件垂直方向上交 错设置。
上述防护外层顶部设置防尘盖板。
上述顶层缓冲组件的水平外层的加劲梁上设置有悬挂拉索。
上述阻尼辐采用弹塑性软钢材料制成， 其纵向叠面可为 C型、 半椭圆型或 非线性弧等形状。
上述加劲梁与阻尼辐采用销接或铆接连接。
上述防护外层由橡胶硫化与高塑性钢板上制成， 防护外层的横叠面为封闭 图形或线性形状。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有如下优点和效果：
1、 本发明的安全防护装置与常规的防撞装置相比， 采用柔性防护外层、 阻 尼辐和减震橡胶块作为撞击耗能材料， 并通过环套的加劲梁连接， 从而形成一 个整体性强的弹塑性消能装置， 当汽车或船舶撞击时， 安全防护装置通过阻尼 辐的弹塑性变形， 延长撞击时间， ·'耗散撞击能量和降低撞击力， 由于防护外层 和加劲梁的整体作用， 尤其在侧撞情况下， 能使更多的阻尼辐参与受力， 传力 更远， 从而增大撞击后受力范围， 扩散撞击力， 受力更加均匀。
2、 本发明采用多级逐层防护， 具有 "小撞、 中撞和大撞"三级防护耗能结 构： 小撞情况下， 安全防护装置防护外层和阻尼辐共同作用产生变形耗能， 但 弹塑性钢基本处于弹性变形阶段或发生较低的塑性变形；
中撞情况下， 安全防护装置的防护外层和钢阻尼辐共同作用发生变形耗能， 阻 尼辐发生较大的塑性变形， 但撞击产生的位移还小于外环加劲梁与减震橡胶块 之间的间隙， 外环加劲梁没有触及减震橡胶块；
大撞情况下， 安全防护装置发生很大的位移， 外层加劲梁接触减震橡胶块， 此 时安全防护装置通过防护外层和加劲梁变形、 阻尼辐塑性变形、 减震橡胶块压 縮变形等共同实现耗能， 从而有效延长了撞击时间， 更大限度地降低了撞击力； 由于设置了减震橡胶块进行最后的限位保护和耗能作用， 虽然阻尼辐发生很大 的塑性变形， 但还处于结构设计的极限位移内， 不至于压溃， 保证了安全防护 装置防撞的整体功能， 且由于减震橡胶块的存在使桥墩受力更均匀， 更好的保 护了桥墩的安全。
3、 在侧撞情况下， 由于弹塑性钢与外加劲梁采用销接， 撞击时外加劲梁 和弹塑性钢发生一定的转动， 使得汽车、 船舶撞击点产生滑移并被拨动， 从而 将汽车、 船舶的动能大部分保留在汽车、 船舶上， 使汽车、 船舶离开桥墩或结 构物而不被镶住， 大大降低汽车、 船船撞击桥墩或结构物过程中的能量交换， 保护结构的安全。 4、 阻尼辐上下层与加劲梁连接交错布置， 结构对称， 不同方向撞击时受 力也对称， 从而保证了各个方向撞击的防护效果。
5、 本发明的安全防护装置由于底部没有与地面连接， 为保证安全防护装 置竖向支撑作用， 在安全防护装置顶部悬挂拉索， 约束安全防护装置外层加劲 梁竖向变形， 从而保证了撞击效果， 相对于地面连接设计 （地面设计时防护装 置底易积累垃圾不利于清理， 影响安全防护装置受力后滑动效果） 采用拉索悬 挂设计非常利于安全防护装置的变形和维护。
6、 本发明的安全防护装置内加劲梁采用抱箍于桥墩或结构物安装， 不需 要破坏桥墩或结构物， 适用范围广。 安全防护装置的加劲梁、 钢阻尼辐和减震 橡胶块均采用单元式模块设计， 采用销接或铆接方式进行连接， 安装、 维护和 更换方便。 大撞后只需对局部破损元件进行更换， 后期维修、 养护费用低。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的弹塑性钢阻尼辐结构平面示意图；
图 2为实施例 1的单层安全防护装置立面结构图， 图 3、 图 4、 图 5为实施 例 1的单层安全防护装置平面结构图；
图 6为实施例 2的多层安全防护装置立面结构图， 图 7为实施例 2的多层 安全防护装置平面结构图；
图 8、 图 9和图 10为实施例 3的表示互通三角区的安全防护装置平面结构 图， 图 8为互通三角区后端防护图， 图 9为互通三角区前端防护图， 图 10为互 通三角区导流线示意；
图 U为实施例 4的表示安全防护装置拉索和盖板立面结构图， 图 12为实 施例 4的表示安全防护装置拉索和盖板平面结构图。 附图标记说明如下：
1-阻尼辐， 2-缓冲构件， 3-加劲梁、 4-防护外层、 5-减震橡胶块、 6-悬挂拉索、 7-防尘盖板、 8-桥墩， 9-防护柱， 10-防护墩， 11-景观造型。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
参见图 1、 图 2、 图 3， 一种弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 包括防护外层 4 和固定于防护外层 4 内的垂直层状布置的缓冲组件， 所述的每层缓冲组件包括 水平层状分布的加劲梁 3和缓冲构件 2，缓冲构件 2均布跨接于相邻加劲梁 3之 间， 并且加劲梁 3的上下侧均设置有缓冲构件 2， 加劲梁 3上下侧的缓冲构件 2 垂直方向上交错设置。 所述的每个缓冲构件 2为一对相扣设置的弧形阻尼辐 1， 一对阻尼辐 1 的一端相互交叉； 该阻尼辐 1采用弹塑性软钢制成， 其纵向叠面 可为 C型、 半椭圆型或非线性弧等形状， 撞击时通过阻尼辐的塑性变形， 延长 撞击时间， 耗散撞击能量和降低撞击力。 所述相邻缓冲组件垂直方向上相邻的 加劲梁 3之间设置有减震橡胶块 5，减震橡胶块 5上下连接于相邻加劲梁 3之间 并与桥墩 8环绕抱紧或铆接在一起， 并且垂直方向上相邻的减震橡胶块 5相互 交错设置。 所述的防护外层 4由橡胶硫化与高塑性钢板上制成， 防护外层 4的 水平截面可以为封闭的图形， 如椭圆形、 跑道形、 圆形、 矩形或其他平面图形， 也可以为线性形状， 如直线、 曲线等， 其水平截面形状与桥墩的外轮廓形状相 似， 防护外层 4的顶层缓冲组件上设置防尘盖板 7， 防尘盖板 7可以防止灰尘、 雨雪等杂物进入防护装置， 在最顶层缓冲组件的水平外层的加劲梁 3 上设置有 悬挂拉索 6， 采用悬挂拉索 6将防护装置悬挂连接于桥墩 8上部， 可实现安全防 护装置的滑移转动。 施工时，本发明沿桥墩 8周围通过螺栓将最内环的加劲梁 3紧抱于桥墩 8， 弹塑性钢阻尼辐 1通过连接销将环套的内外加劲梁 3依次连接成整体； 最外环 的顶层加劲梁 3通过悬挂拉索 6悬挂连接于桥墩 8上； 最后在防护外层 4顶部 设置防尘盖板 7即可。
实施例 1
如图 2、 图 3所示， 本实施例的防护外层 4内垂直设置八层缓冲组件环绕 于桥墩 8周围， 防护外层 4水平截面为圆形， 每层缓冲组件包括水平环套的两 层加劲梁 3， 加劲梁 3也为相应的环形。缓冲构件 2均布设置在两层加劲梁 3上 下侧， 垂直方向上， 相邻的缓冲构件 2交错设置， 每个缓冲构件 2的相互交叉 端与水平外层的加劲梁连接， 未交叉端与水平内层加劲梁 3 连接， 内层的加劲 梁 3紧抱于桥墩 8，减震橡胶块 5连接于上下相邻的内层的加劲梁 3上并与桥墩 8环绕抱紧相铆接，每层缓冲组件水平外层的加劲梁 3均固定于防护外层 4内壁 上，最顶层的缓冲组件水平外层的加劲梁 3上设置悬挂拉索 6， 悬挂拉索 6连接 于桥墩 8的上部， 保持最底层的缓冲组件与地面脱离， 防护外层 4的顶部设置 防尘盖板 7。
如图 4所示， 与图 2不同的是， 防护外层 4水平截面为跑道形， 因此， 与 其对应的加劲梁 3也为相应的跑道形结构。
如图 5所示， 与图 2不同的是， 防护外层 4的水平截面为矩形， 因此， 与其对 应的加劲梁 3 也为相应的矩形结构， 其四个边角过渡处为弧线， 缓冲组件均布 连接在相邻的加劲梁 3之间。
实施例 2
如图 5、图 6所示，本实施例的防护外层 4内上下垂直设置八组缓冲组件， 防护外层 4水平截面为圆形， 加劲梁 3也为相应的环形， 每层缓冲组件包括环 套的三层加劲梁 3， 最内层的加劲梁 3 抱于桥墩 8， 与实施例 1的缓冲构件 2 与加劲梁 3连接方式相似， 本实施例的内层的加劲梁 3与中层的加劲梁 3通过 缓冲构件 2连接， 中层的加劲梁 3与外层的加劲梁 3也通过缓冲构件 2顺次连 接， 缓冲构件 2的相互交叉端始终处于外层； 在垂直相邻的内层的加劲梁 3之 间连接减震橡胶块 5， 相邻减震橡胶块 5在垂直方向上交错设置， 减震橡胶块 5 上下连接于最内环的加劲梁 3上并与桥墩 8环绕抱紧或铆接， 顶层缓冲组件水 平方向最外层的加劲梁 3上设置悬挂拉索 6连接于桥墩 8的上部， 防护外层 4 的顶部设置防尘盖板 7。 防护外层的示意形状不限于圆形。
实施例 3
如图 8、 图 9、 图 10所示， 防护设计主要针对互通三角区结构物设计， 由于互通三角区为汽车分流处， 易受汽车撞击， 由前端的防护柱 9和后端的防 护墩 10组成。 如图 9所示， 其中前端防护柱 9为圆柱形， 其上设置的安全防护 装置半环绕于防护柱 9的前端部 （即迎着车辆驶入的方向）， 安全防护装置的防 护外层 4为横叠面为半圆， 防护外层 4内每层缓冲组件包括水平内外设置的三 层加劲梁 3 , 加劲梁 3也为相应的半环形， 三层加劲梁 3之间通过缓冲构件 2依 次连接， 在垂直相邻加劲梁 3之间连接减震橡胶块 5， 减震橡胶块 5环抱与防护 柱 9上。 同时， 防护外层 4的底部可以直接埋设、 固定于路面或有紧固配件将 下端固定到设于路面上的基座， 因而不需要悬挂拉索 6连接； 如图 8所示， 对 于后端的防护墩 10, 其由一个横叠面为矩形的墙体和与其连接的半圆柱组成， 此时， 安全防护装置的防护外层 4的横叠面为 U形结构， 对与半圆柱部分， 加 劲梁 3也为相应的半环形，由于半圆柱直径较小，半圆柱部分设置四层加劲梁 3， 四层加劲梁 3两两通过缓冲构件 2连接， 对于墙体部分， 由于墙体相对于半圆 柱教宽， 在防护墩 10的墙体撞击两侧均设置两层加劲梁 3， 并通过缓冲构件 2 连接， 同时， 将两部分内层的加劲梁 3 项连接使其保持一体， 最后再分别在垂 直相邻的内层的加劲梁 3之间连接减震橡胶块 5。 当汽车高速撞击时， 汽车首先 撞击前端防护柱 9部分的安全防护装置， 即使由于汽车的高速撞击致使前端防 护装置被撞坏， 汽车不可避免撞击后端防护墩 10的安全防护装置， 此时由于撞 击时间很长， 汽车速度也很快降下来， 另外后端防护装置也能通过变形耗散撞 击能量， 最终的撞击力已经小到互通三角区结构物足以抵抗， 有效消除了碰撞 时的尖峰荷载， 在实现撞击物防撞的同时， 可以有效避免或减少车辆与撞击物 的损伤。
实施例 4
如图 11、 图 12所示， 本实施例的安全防护装置顶层的缓冲组件最外层加 劲梁 3通过悬挂拉索 6悬挂连接于连接于桥墩 8上， 由于最外层的加劲梁 3与 防护外层 4固定连接， 悬挂拉索 6可以将整个安全防护装置吊起， 同时， 对于 一些类似桥墩的立柱， 其顶端可以设置不同的景观造型 11来增加景观效果， 如 采用 "鲤鱼跳龙门" 的造型， 并且将悬挂拉索 6可与景观造型连接。 为了安装 和更换方便， 在安防护外层 4顶面设置的防尘盖板 7也可以采用单元式分块设 计， 铝铆钉铆接， 在碰撞发生时铝铆钉被剪断， 防尘盖板 7可以溃缩， 不影响 防护装置的变形。 同时， 防尘盖板 7边缘采用圆筒卷边设计， 撞击位置没有尖 角， 扩大撞击范围， 有效保护车辆、 船舶的安全。
本发明的实施方式并不局限与上述实施例， 只要是与桥墩 8、 防护柱 9、 防护墩 10等类似结构物需要设置防护装置的地方均可使用本安全防护装置。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 包括防护外层（4)和固定于防护外层（4) 内的垂直层状布置的缓冲组件， 其特征在于： 所述的每层缓冲组件包括水平层 状分布的加劲梁 （3 ) 和均布跨接于相邻加劲梁 （3 ) 之间的缓冲构件 （2)， 所 述的每个缓冲构件 （2) 为一对相扣设置的弧形阻尼辐 （1 )， 一对阻尼辐 （1 ) 的一端相互交叉； 所述相邻缓冲组件上的缓冲构件（2)垂直方向上相互交错设 置， 垂直方向上相邻的加劲梁（3 )之间设置有减震橡胶块（5 )， 垂直方向上相 邻的减震橡胶块 （5) 相互交错设置。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述加劲 梁 （3 ) 的上下侧均设置有缓冲构件 （2)， 上下侧的缓冲构件 （2) 垂直方向上 交错设置。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述 一对阻尼辐 （1 ) 的相互交叉端与水平外层的外加劲梁 （3 ) 连接， 未交叉端与 水平外层相邻的内加劲梁 （3 ) 连接。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述防护 外层 （4) 顶部设置有防尘盖板 （7)。
5， 根据权利要求 1所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述顶层 缓冲组件的水平外层的加劲梁 （3 ) 上设置有悬挂拉索 （6)。
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述阻尼 辐 （1 ) 采用弹塑性软钢材料制成。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置，其特征在于：所述阻尼 辐 （1 ) 的纵向叠面可为 C型、 半椭圆型或非线性弧等形状。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述加劲 梁 （3 ) 与阻尼辐 （1 ) 采用销接或铆接连接。
9.根据权利要求 1或 3所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述 防护外层 （4) 由橡胶硫化与高塑性钢板上制成。
10.根据权利要求 8所述的弹塑性钢结构安全防护装置， 其特征在于： 所述防 护外层 （4) 的横叠面为封闭图形或线性形状。
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CN110700154A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-01-17 沈阳促晋科技有限公司 设置主耗能板层组合结构件的桥墩柱结构主体安装层
CN110700156A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-01-17 沈阳促晋科技有限公司 道路交通桥墩防撞安装套件

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