Classifications

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  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5386—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine spiro-condensed or forming part of bridged ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
  • A61K31/541—Non-condensed thiazines containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
  • C07D257/06—Five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/08—Bridged systems
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  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/08—Bridged systems
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  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel tetrazole compounds; to processes for their preparation; to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds; and to the use of the compounds in therapy to treat diseases for which blocking the Ca v 2.2 calcium channels is beneficial, i.e. in particular to treat pain.
• Pre-synaptic Ca v 2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord modulate the release of key pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters such as glutamate, substance P (SP) and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), indicating the potential therapeutic use of Ca v 2.2 calcium channel blockers as analgesics.
• pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters such as glutamate, substance P (SP) and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)
• Peptidic o conotoxins isolated from the venom of cone snails, have been shown to be selective for Ca v 2.2 calcium channels and can block SP release in the spinal cord (Smith et al. (2002) Pain, 96: 119-127). Moreover, they have been shown to be antinociceptive in animal models of chronic pain following intrathecal administration (Bowersox et al. (1996) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 279: 1243-1249; Smith et al. (2002) supra), and have been shown to be effective analgesics in clinical use, particularly in the treatment of neuropathic pain (Brose et al. (1997) Clinical Journal of Pain, 13: 256-259).
• Winquist et al. has shown that Ca v 2.2 channels may offer the potential to reduce neuronal signalling, thereby treating disorders such as pain.
• side effect issues may impact the success of such an approach (Winquist et al. (2005) Biochemical Pharmacology, 70: 489-499).
• a number of journal articles have been published on the effect of natural inhibitors of Ca v 2.2 channels (see Bowersox et al. (1996) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 279(3): 1243-1249; Scott et al. (2002) European Journal of Pharmacology 451 (3):279-286).
• several journal articles have been published on the phenotypic characterisation of transgenic mice lacking the Ca v 2.2 gene (see Saegusa et al. (2001 ) EMBO J.
• the object of the invention is to provide an alternative class of Ca contour2.2 antagonist: a state- or use-dependent Cav2.2 blocker, which has the potential to selectively inhibit highly active channels contributing to the pathophysiology of chronic pain whilst sparing the contributions of Cav2.2 to wider physiological levels of activity within the peripheral and central nervous system. Therefore, the object of the invention is to identify novel compounds for use in therapy that preferentially block Ca v 2.2 calcium channels under conditions of increased neuronal excitability, so-called use-dependent blockers, as is the case in chronic pain syndromes.
• WO2006/086229 (Abbott Laboratories) relates to tetrazole derivatives for the treatment of neuropathic pain, chronic inflammatory pain, inflammation,
• R is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano; 11 051276
• R 3 is hydrogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chloro, bromo, -S-CH 3 , -S0 2 -C 1 . 3 alkyl or -SF 5 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is a group other than hydrogen
• X is -CH 2 - , -CH Z -CH 2 - or -CH(CH 3 )-;
• R 1 when R 1 is methyl, R 5 is hydrogen or chloro, and when R 5 is methyl, R 1 is hydrogen or chloro;
• R 4 when R 2 is chloro, R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano, and when R 4 is chloro, R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano;
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C -5 alkyl or C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• the compound is not 4- ⁇ [1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-1 /-/-tetrazol ⁇ 5- yl]methyl ⁇ morpholine, 4-( ⁇ 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 H-tetrazol-5- yl ⁇ methyl)morpholine hydrochloride, 4-( ⁇ 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 /-/-tetrazol-5- yl ⁇ methyl)morpholine, 4- ⁇ [1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl ⁇ morpholine, 1 - ⁇ [1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-1 /-/-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl ⁇ -4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine, 1- ⁇ [1 -(4- chlorophenyl)-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl ⁇ -4-(propylsulf
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 3 is hydrogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chloro, bromo, -S-CH 3 , -S0 2 -Ci. 3 alkyl or -SF 5 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is a group other than hydrogen
• X is -CH 2 - , -CH 2 -CH 2 - or -CH(CH 3 )-;
• R 5 is hydrogen or chloro, and when R 5 is methyl, R 1 is hydrogen or chloro;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano
• R 4 is chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C 1-s alkyl or C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl
• R 8 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 _ 3 alkyl, C,_ 3 haloalkyl and -CO-C ⁇ alkyl.
• a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of pain in a human or animal in need thereof comprising administering to said human or animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in the second aspect, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) a compound as defined in the second aspect, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 3 is hydrogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chloro, bromo, -S-CH 3 , -S0 2 -Ci- 3 alkyl or -SF 5 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is a group other than hydrogen
• X is -CHz- , -CH 2 -CH 2 - or -CH(CH 3 )-;
• R 1 when R 1 is methyl, R 5 is hydrogen or chloro, and when R 5 is methyl, R 1 is hydrogen or chloro;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano
• R 4 is chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C 1-5 alkyl or C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 _ 3 alkyl, Ci_ 3 haloalkyl and -CO-C 1-3 alkyl;
• the compound is not 4- ⁇ [1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-1 H-tetrazol-5- yl]methyl ⁇ morpholine, 4-( ⁇ 1 -[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 H-tetrazol-5- yl ⁇ methyl)morpholine hydrochloride, 4-( ⁇ 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1W-tetrazol-5- yl ⁇ methyl)morpholine, 4- ⁇ [1 -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 /-/-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl ⁇ morpholine, 1- ⁇ [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 /-/-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl ⁇ -4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine, 1 - ⁇ [1 -(4- chlorophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl ⁇ -4-(propylsulfonyl
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 3 is hydrogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chloro, bromo, -S-CH 3 , -S0 2 -C,- 3 alkyl or -SF 5 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, chloro or cyano
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is a group other than hydrogen
• X is -CH 2 - , -CH 2 -CH Z - or -CH(CH 3 )-;
• R 1 when R 1 is methyl, R 5 is hydrogen or chloro, and when R 5 is methyl, R 1 is hydrogen or chloro;
• R 4 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano
• R 4 is chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or cyano
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is 0 -5 alkyl or C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -Ci_ 3 alkyl,
• Ci -3 alkyl examples include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl and isopropyl.
• propyl includes all straight and branched chain forms e.g. propyl includes n-propyl and isopropyl.
• C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl refers to a saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon ring of 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• 'halogen' refers to a fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
• 'C -3 haloalkyl' refers to a C 1-3 alkyl group as defined herein substituted with one or more halogen groups, e.g. CF 3 , CF 2 H or CF 3 CH 2 .
• the terms '4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring' and '5 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring' as used herein refer to a 4 to 6 membered saturated monocyclic ring and 5 to 6 membered saturated monocyclic ring, respectively, which contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. Suitable examples of such rings include azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and thiomorpholine.
• '5 to 10 membered fused bicyclic ring system' refers to a '4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring' as defined hereinbefore wherein two neighbouring atoms (i.e. atoms bonded directly to each other) of the '4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring' form together a second monocyclic saturated ring which second ring contains 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• 'bridged 4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring system' refers to a '4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring' as defined hereinbefore wherein two non-neighbouring carbon atoms (i.e. carbon atoms that are not bonded directly to each other) of the '4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring' are connected via a saturated -(CH 2 ) n - carbon chain, where n is 1 , 2 or 3. In one embodiment, n is 1 or 2. In a further embodiment, n is 1.
• '7 to 1 1 membered spiro ring system' refers to a '4 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring' as defined hereinbefore which is fused to a second 3 to 6 membered saturated ring via one single atom, and wherein the second ring contains 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• R 2 is hydrogen or trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is hydrogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or chloro
• R 4 is hydrogen or trifluoromethyl
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• X is -CH 2 - or -CH 2 -CH 2 -;
• R 1 when R 1 is methyl, R 5 is hydrogen or chloro, and when R 5 is methyl, R 1 is hydrogen or chloro;
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C w alkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl ring or a 2,8- diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1 -one group either of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo and C 1-3 alkyl;
• the compound is not - ⁇ [1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-1 H-tetrazol-5- yl]methyl ⁇ morpholine, 4-( ⁇ 1 -[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 /-/-tetrazol-5- yl ⁇ methyl)morpholine hydrochloride or 4-( ⁇ 1 -[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 /-/-tetrazol-5- yl ⁇ methyl)morpholine.
• a compound of formula (la), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro;
• R 2 is hydrogen or trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is hydrogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or chloro
• R 4 is hydrogen or trifluoromethyl
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or chloro
• X is -CH 2 - or -CH 2 -CH 2 -;
• R 1 when R 1 is methyl, R 6 is hydrogen or chloro, and when R 5 is methyl, R 1 is hydrogen or chloro; R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is d- 3 alkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl ring or 2,8- diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1 -one group either of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo and C -3 alkyl.
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C,_ 5 alkyl or C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl; or R e and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, CM alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C _ 3 alkyl and C _ 3 haloalkyl;
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forms a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 . 3 alkyl and Ci. 3 haloalkyl; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring is not solely substituted with C 1-3 alkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, Ci. 3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -Ci -3 alkyl and d_ 3haloalkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C -3 alkyl and d. 3 haloalkyl;
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1 3 alkyl, cyano, -SOa-C ⁇ alkyl and Ci_ 3 haloalkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, d_ 3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -Ci- 3 alkyl and Ci_ ahaloalkyl;
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 . 3 alkyl and C,. 3 haloalkyl; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring is not solely substituted with C1.3 alkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C -3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1-3 alkyl and 3haloalkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C -3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -Ci- 3 alkyl and C,. 3 haloalkyl; with the proviso that the compound is not
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from fluoro, oxo, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyano, -S0 2 -CH 3 , - S0 2 -(CH 2 )CH 3 , -S0 2 -(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 and trifluoromethyl; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring is not solely substituted with C 1-3 alkyl.
• X is -CH 2 -.
• R 1 is hydrogen or methyl, in particular hydrogen.
• R 2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl or chloro. In a further embodiment, R 2 is hydrogen or trifluoromethyl. In a still further embodiment, R 2 is hydrogen.
• R 3 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl or cyano. In another embodiment of the first or second aspect, R 3 is trifluoromethyl or cyano. In a further embodiment of the first or second aspect, R 3 is trifluoromethyl.
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl and R 3 is cyano. 6
• R 5 is hydrogen or methyl.
• R 5 is hydrogen
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen.
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 3 R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen.
• R 4 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are hydrogen.
• R 3 is cyano and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen.
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is cyano
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen.
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C 1-5 alkyl or C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is cyano
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -.
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is d- 5 alkyl or C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are
• ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, Ci -3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 3 alkyl and Ci. 3haloalkyl; R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is cyano, R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or.
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that the compound is not
• R 6 is hydrogen and R 7 is C 1-5 alkyl or Ca-ecycloalkyl; or R B and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forms a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 _ 3 alkyl and 3 haloalkyl;
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl,
• R 3 is cyano,
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen;
• X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring is not solely substituted with C alkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C,. 3 alkyl, cyano, -SCVC ⁇ alkyl and Ci_ 3 haloalkyl;
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl,
• R 3 is cyano,
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, Ci_ 3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1 . 3 alkyl and Ci_ 3haloalkyl; R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is cyano, R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that the compound is not
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, d -3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -Ci_ 3 alkyl and Ci_ 3 haloalkyl;
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl,
• R 3 is cyano,
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring is not solely substituted with C 1-3 alkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, C 1-3 alkyl, cyano, -S0 2 -C 1-3 alkyl and C-,. 3 haloalkyl;
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl,
• R 3 is cyano,
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen;
• X is -CH 2 -.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• ring system B which ring system B is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, Ci -3 alkyl, cyano, -SOz-C ⁇ alkyl and 3 haloalkyl; R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is cyano, R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that the compound is not P T/GB2011/051276
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is cyano
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring is not solely substituted with C 1-3 alkyl.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is cyano
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen; X is -CH 2 -.
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl
• R 3 is cyano
• R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen
• R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen
• X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that the compound is not
• R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a saturated ring system B, where B is selected from
• R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is cyano, R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, or R 3 is trifluoromethyl and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen;
• X is -CH 2 -; with the proviso that when R 3 is cyano and R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperazine ring, the piperazine ring Is not solely substituted with d -3 alkyl.
• the compound is selected from:
• the compound is selected from
• salts include those described by Berge, Bighley and Monkhouse , J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts includes salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable acids, including inorganic and organic acids.
• Such acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
• Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed from maleic, fumaric, benzoic, ascorbic, pamoic, succinic, hydrochloric, sulfuric,
• pro-drugs examples include Drugs of Today, Volume 19, Number 9, 1983, pp 499 - 538 and in Topics in Chemistry, Chapter 31 , pp 306 - 316 and in "Design of Prodrugs" by H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985, Chapter 1 (the disclosures in which documents are incorporated herein by reference). It will further be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that certain moieties, known to those skilled in the art as “pro-moieties”, for example as described by H, Bundgaard in “Design of Prodrugs” (the disclosure in which document is incorporated herein by reference) may be placed on appropriate functionalities when such functionalities are present within the compounds as defined in the first or secondaspect.
• the invention provides a prodrug of a compound as defined in the first or second aspect.
• a prodrug of a compound as defined in the first or second aspect may exist as solvates, such as hydrates. Where solvates exist, this invention includes within its scope stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric solvates.
• Certain compounds as defined in the first or second aspect are capable of existing in stereoisomeric forms (e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers) and the invention extends to each of these stereoisomeric forms and to mixtures thereof including racemates.
• the different stereoisomeric forms may be separated one from the other by the usual methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by stereospecific or asymmetric synthesis.
• the subject invention also includes isotopically-labelled compounds, which are identical to the compounds as defined in the first or second aspect, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most commonly found in nature.
• isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, such as 3 H, 1 1 C, 1 C and 18 F.
• isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability.
• 11 C and 18 F isotopes are particularly useful in PET
• PET positron emission tomography
• isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. , 2 H
• Isotopically labelled compounds as defined in the first or second aspect and following of this invention can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labelled reagent for a non-isotopically labelled reagent.
• compounds as defined in the first or second aspect or salts thereof are not isotopically labelled.
• A, R 6 and R 7 are as defined hereinbefore and Y is -CH 2 - or -CH(CH 3 )-
• An intermediate of formula (III) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (II) with a formylating agent, for example 1 H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-1 - carbaldehyde, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran.
• a formylating agent for example 1 H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-1 - carbaldehyde
• the reaction may be carried out at a temperature between ambient and elevated temperature (for example 70°C).
• Compounds of formula (II) are either commercially available or may be prepared according to known methods.
• Step (iii): Compounds of formula (lb) may be prepared by reaction of an intermediate of formula (IV) with an amine of formula (V) and formaldehyde (37% aqueous) or acetaldehyde in the presence of trimethylsilylazide.
• the reaction may be carried out in a suitable solvent, for example methanol, at a suitable temperature, for example at ambient temperature.
• suitable solvent for example methanol
• Step (i): An intermediate of formula (VII) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VI) with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA). The reaction may be carried out at an elevated temperature (for example 100°C). Compounds of formula (VI) are commercially available, or may be prepared by known methods.
• a chlorinating agent for example phosphorous oxychloride
• an inert solvent such as dichloromethane
• a suitable solvent for example methanol
• the transformation of an intermediate (IX) to a compound of formula (X) may be carried out through reaction with a compound of formula (V) in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol, in the presence of a suitable acid, for example acetic acid, or with the use of an acid salt of the amine of formula (V).
• the reaction may be
• a compound of formula (Id) may be prepared by the reaction of an amine of formula (V) with a compound of formula (XI), in a suitable solvent, such as
• R10 is a substituent as previously defined for compounds as defined in the first or second aspect and P is a suitable protecting group (for examples see 'Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis', T. Greene and P. Wuts, John Wiley and Sons Inc.), for example fe/t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC).
• the deprotection step includes stirring in a suitable solvent, such as 1 ,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable acid, for example 4 M HCI.
• Step (ii): A compound of formula (li) may be converted to a compound of formula (Ij) with an additional /V-alkyl substituent by treatment with a base, such as sodium hydride, followed by reaction with a suitable electrophiie, such as an alkyl halide, in a solvent, such as DMF, at ambient temperature.
• a compound of formula (li) may be converted to a compound of formula (Ij) with an additional /V-alkyl substituent by treatment with the relevant aldehyde or ketone, in the presence of a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, in a solvent, such as DCM, at ambient temperature.
• Compounds of formula (XI) may also be prepared according to the following Scheme 7:
• An intermediate of formula (XII) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (II) with 2-chloro-2-oxoethyl acetate in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine.
• the reaction may be carried out between 0°C and ambient temperature in a solvent, such as dichloromethane.
• An intermediate of formula (XIII) may be prepared from an intermediate of formula (XII) by treatment with triphenylphosphine, di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate and trimethylsilylazide in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature between ambient and elevated, for example ambient temperature.
• An intermediate of formula (XIV) may be prepared from an intermediate of formula (XIII) by treatment with a source of hydroxide, for example lithium hydroxide, in a mixture of water and organic solvents, for example water, methanol and tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature between 0°C and ambient temperature.
• a source of hydroxide for example lithium hydroxide
• organic solvents for example water, methanol and tetrahydrofuran
• Step (iv): The transformation of an intermediate of formula (XIV) to an intermediate of formula (XI) may be achieved by treatment with a chlorinating agent, for example thionyl chloride, in a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of dichloromethane and N,N- dimethylformamide, at a temperature between 0° and ambient.
• a chlorinating agent for example thionyl chloride
• a suitable solvent such as a mixture of dichloromethane and N,N- dimethylformamide
• Step (i): An intermediate of formula (XVII) may be prepared by the reaction of a compound formula (XVI) with a suitable sulfonyl chloride (for example p-toluene sulfonyl chloride) in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base (for example triethylamine).
• a suitable sulfonyl chloride for example p-toluene sulfonyl chloride
• a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane
• Step (ii): A compound of formula (XVII) may be converted to a compound of formula (XVIII) using a suitable base (for example sodium hydride) in a suitable solvent, such as /V,/V-dimethylformamide at a temperature between 0°C and ambient temperature.
• Step (iii): A compound of formula (XVIII) may be converted to a compound of formula (XIX) through a deprotection reaction, methods for which may be found in the literature. For example, if P is tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), the deprotection step includes stirring in a suitable solvent, such as 1 ,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable acid, for example 4M HCI.
• a suitable solvent such as 1 ,4-dioxane
• a compound of formula (Ik) may be converted to a compound of formula (II) by treatment with an acid chloride in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base (for example triethylamine) at a temperature between 0°C and ambient.
• a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane
• R10 and R12 are each a substituent as previously defined for compounds of the first or second aspect.
• a compound of formula (Im) may be converted to a compound of formula (In) by treatment with a sulfonyl chloride in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base (for example triethylamine) at a temperature between 0 6 C and ambient.
• a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane
• the compounds as defined in the first or second aspect, or salts thereof, may be used to treat diseases for which blocking the Ca v 2.2 calcium channels is beneficial. Therefore, according to one aspect, the compounds as defined in the first or second aspect may be useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of pain, including acute pain, chronic pain, chronic articular pain, musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain, pain associated with cancer, pain associated with migraine, tension headache and cluster headaches, pain associated with functional bowel disorders, lower back and neck pain, pain associated with sprains and strains, 1276
• myositis pain associated with influenza or other viral infections such as the common cold, pain associated with rheumatic fever, pain associated with myocardial ischemia, post operative pain, cancer chemotherapy, headache, toothache and dysmenorrhea.
• 'Chronic articular pain' conditions include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis,
• 'Pain associated with functional bowel disorders' includes non-ulcer dyspepsia, non- cardiac chest pain and irritable bowel syndrome.
• 'Neuropathic pain' syndromes include: diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, non-specific lower back pain, trigeminal neuralgia, multiple sclerosis pain, fibromyalgia, HIV- related neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and pain resulting from physical trauma, amputation, phantom limb syndrome, spinal surgery, cancer, toxins or chronic inflammatory conditions.
• neuropathic pain conditions include pain associated with normally non-painful sensations such as "pins and
• hypoesthesia painful sensation following innocuous stimulation (dynamic, static, thermal or cold allodynia), increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli (thermal, cold, mechanical hyperalgesia), continuing pain sensation after removal of the stimulation (hyperpathia) or an absence of or deficit in selective sensory pathways (hypoalgesia).
• 'Inflammatory pain' conditions include skin conditions (e.g. sunburn, burns, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis); ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis, retinopathies, uveitis and of acute injury to the eye tissue (e.g. conjunctivitis); lung disorders (e.g.
• asthma wheezing bronchitis, emphysema, allergic rhinitis, respiratory distress syndrome,
• COPD gastrointestinal tract disorders
• aphthous ulcer, Crohn's disease, atopic gastritis, gastritis varialoforme ulcerative colitis
• coeliac disease regional ileitis
• irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory bowel disease
• gastro esophageal reflux e.g. aphthous ulcer, Crohn's disease, atopic gastritis, gastritis varialoforme, ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, regional ileitis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gastro esophageal reflux
• organ transplantation other conditions with an inflammatory component such as vascular disease, migraine, periarteritis nodosa, thyroiditis, aplastic anaemia, Hodgkin's disease, sclerodoma, myaesthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, sorcoidosis, nephrotic syndrome, Bechet's syndrome, polymyositis, gingivitis, myocardial
• an inflammatory component such as vascular disease, migraine, periarteritis nodosa, thyroiditis, aplastic anaemia, Hodgkin's disease, sclerodoma, myaesthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, sorcoidosis, nephrotic syndrome, Bechet's syndrome, polymyositis, gingivitis, myocardial
• ischemia pyrexia, systemic lupus erythematosus, tendinitis, bursitis, and Sjogren's syndrome.
• Compounds as defined in the first or second aspect may also be useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders treatable and/or preventable with anticonvulsive agents, such as epilepsy including post-traumatic epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), bipolar disorders, sleep disorders (including circadian rhythm disorders, insomnia & narcolepsy), tics (e.g. Giles de la Tourette's syndrome), ataxias, muscular rigidity (spasticity), and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
• epilepsy is intended to include the following seizures: simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, secondary generalised seizures, generalised seizures including absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, clonic seizures, tonic seizures, tonic clonic seizures and atonic seizures.
• Another condition which could potentially be treated by compounds as defined in the first or second aspect is spasticity or muscular hypertonicity.
• compounds as defined in the first or second aspect are particularly useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of pain, more particularly neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain and migraine, and epilepsy.
• the therapy is to the treatment or prophylaxis of any of the disorders described herein, in particular pain.
• the therapy is to the treatment of any of the disorders described herein, in particular pain.
• a method of treatment or prophylaxis of any of the disorders herein, in particular pain in humans which method comprises the administration to the human in need of such treatment or prophylaxis, an effective amount of a compound as defined in the second aspect, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• treatment refers to symptomatic treatment and the term “prophylaxis” is used to mean preventing symptoms in an already afflicted subject or preventing recurrence of symptoms in an afflicted subject and is not limited to complete prevention of an affliction.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined in the first or second aspect, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, adapted for use in human or veterinary medicine.
• compositions which comprises a compound as defined in the first to fourth aspect, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the compound as defined in the first or second aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be used in combination with other medicaments indicated to be useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of pain of neuropathic origin including neuralgias, neuritis and back pain, and inflammatory pain including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, back pain and migraine.
• Such therapeutic agents include for example COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2 ) inhibitors, such as celecoxib, deracoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, parecoxib, COX-189 or 2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-3-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-pyrazolo[1 ,5-b]pyridazine (WO99/012930); 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors; NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as diclofenac, indomethacin, nabumetone or ibuprofen; bisphosphonates, leukotriene receptor antagonists; DMARDs (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) such as methotrexate; adenosine A1 receptor agonists; sodium channel blockers, such as lamotrigine; NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor modul
• antidepressants such as amitriptyline; neurone stabilising antiepileptic drugs; cholinesterase inhibitors such as galantamine; mono-aminergic uptake inhibitors such as venlafaxine; opioid analgesics; local anaesthetics; 5 ⁇ 7 ⁇ agonists, such as triptans, for Example sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, almotriptan or rizatriptan; nicotinic acetyl choline (nACh) receptor modulators;
• glutamate receptor modulators for Example modulators of the NR2B subtype; EP 4 receptor ligands; EP 2 receptor ligands; EP 3 receptor ligands; EP 4 agonists and EP 2 agonists; EP 4 antagonists; EP 2 antagonists and EP 3 antagonists; cannabinoid receptor ligands; bradykinin receptor ligands; vanilloid receptor or Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ligands; and purinergic receptor ligands, including antagonists at P2X 3 , P2X 2 3 , P2X 4 , P2X 7 or P2X 4/7 ; KCNQ/Kv7 channel openers, such as retigabine; additional COX-2 inhibitors are disclosed in US Patent Nos.
• the invention thus provides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound as defined in the first or second aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with a further therapeutic agent or agents.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which may be prepared by admixture, suitably at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, is usually adapted for oral, parenteral or rectal administration and, as such, may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable or infusable solutions or suspensions or suppositories. Orally administrable compositions are generally preferred.
• Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose form, and may contain conventional excipients, such as binding agents, fillers, tabletting lubricants, disintegrants and acceptable wetting agents.
• the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
• Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspension, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be in the form of a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), preservatives, and, if desired, conventional flavourings or colourants.
• fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilising a compound of the invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a sterile vehicle. The compound, depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• the compound in preparing solutions, can be dissolved for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
• adjuvants such as a local anaesthetic, preservatives and buffering agents are dissolved in the vehicle.
• the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
• Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner, except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved, and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
• the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspension in a sterile vehicle.
• a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
• the composition may contain from 0.1 % to 99% by weight, preferably from 10% to 60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration.
• the dose of the compound as defined in the first or second aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof used in the treatment or prophylaxis of the aforementioned disorders will vary in the usual way with the seriousness of the disorders, the weight of the sufferer, and other similar factors.
• suitable unit doses may be 0.05 to 1000 mg, more suitably 20 to 600 mg, and such unit doses may be administered more than once a day, for example two or three a day. Such therapy may extend for a number of weeks, months, years or even life.
• a further aspect to the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising 0.05 to 10OOmg of a compound as defined in the first or second aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and 0 to 3 g more suitably 0 to 2g of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• MDAP mass directed automated preparative liquid chromatography (for details see section 'Equipment').
• the crude product was purified by silica chromatography (Biotage SP4), eluting with 10% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes) then a gradient from 10-40% ethyl acetate in hexane (15 column volumes) then 40% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes). The relevant fractions were combined and concentrated to yield the title compound as white crystals (567mg).
• the product was concentrated in vacuo.
• the crude product was purified by silica chromatography (Biotage SP4) , eluting with 10% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes) then a gradient from 10-40% ethyl acetate in hexane (over 15 column volumes) then 40% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volume).
• the relevant fractions were combined, concentrated and dried in vacuo to yield the title compound as a light yellow oil (527mg).
• the reaction mixture was concentrated.
• the crude product was purified by silica chromatography (Biotage SP4), eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes) then a gradient from 20-50% ethyl acetate in hexane (15 column volumes) then 50% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes).
• the relevant fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as white crystals (613mg).
• the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield grey crystals.
• the crude product was purified by silica chromatography (Biotage SP4), eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes) then a gradient from 20-50% ethyl acetate in hexane (15 column volumes) then 50% ethyl acetate in hexane (3 column volumes). The relevant fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as white crystals (480mg).
• reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour before the addition of 4- (trifluoromethyl) phenylisocyanide (100 mg, 0,584 mmol, Fluorochem, Old Glossop, UK) and trimethylsilyl azide (0.092 ml_, 0.701 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room overnight.
• 4- (trifluoromethyl) phenylisocyanide 100 mg, 0,584 mmol, Fluorochem, Old Glossop, UK
• trimethylsilyl azide 0.092 ml_, 0.701 mmol
• the product was diluted with DCM (20mL) and washed with water (10mL).
• the reaction was cooled and the solvent removed under vacuum.
• the reaction was partitioned between water (5mL) and ethyl acetate (10mL).
• the organic layer was collected, passed through a hydrophobic frit and the solvent removed under vacuum to yield the title compound as a yellow gum 356mg.
• Triethylamine (1.09 g, 10.8 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 5-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (Intermediate 37, 1.0 g, 5.37 mmol) in DCM (40 mL), at 0°C, and the mixture was stirred for 15 min.
• Chloro-2-oxoethyl acetate (1.10 g, 8.06 mmol) was added at 0°C and the mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with ice water, and saturated brine solution.
• the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude compound. This was purified by column chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel), eluting with 20%-40% EtOAc/pet. ether to give the title compound (1.1 g).
• Triphenylphospfiine (2.29 g, 8.73 mmol) and diisopropylazodicorboxylate (1.76 g, 8.70 mmol) were added to a solution of 2- ⁇ [3-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino ⁇ - 2-oxoethyl acetate (Intermediate 38, 1.0 g, 3.49 mmol) in THF (20 mL), at 0°C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0°C and trimethylsilyl azide (1.01 g, 8.77 mmol) was added dropwise.
• the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, and then heated to reflux for 4 h.
• Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (1.35 g, 32.2 mmol) was added to a solution of ⁇ 1-[3- cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1/-/-tetrazol-5-yl ⁇ methyl acetate (Intermediate 39, 5.0 g, 16.1 mmol) in a mixture of ethanol and water (2: 1 ) at O°C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with ice-water.
• the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude compound. This was purified by column chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel), eluting with 20%-60% EtOAc/pet.ether to give the title compound (1.2 g).
• Triethylamine (13.9 g, 137 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4-(pentafluoro- ⁇ 6 -sulfanyl)aniline (Commercially available, for example from Apollo Scientific,
• Triphenylphosphine (16.2 g, 61.9 mmol) and diisopropylazodicorboxylate (12.5 g, 61.8 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-oxo-2- ⁇ [4-(pentafluoro ⁇ 6 - sulfanyl)phenyl]amino ⁇ ethyl acetate (Intermediate 42, 8.50 g, 26.2 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred for 30 min.
• Trimethylsilyl azide (7.1 g, 61.7 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature and the mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hr.
• Lithium hydroxide (553 mg, 22.2 mmol) was added to a solution of ⁇ 1 -[4-(pentafluoro- 6-sulfanyl)phenyl]-1 /-/-tetrazol-5-yl ⁇ methyl acetate (Intermediate 43, 5.30 g, 15.3 mmol) in ethanol:water (2: 1 ), at 0 °C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hr at room temperature.
• the solvent was removed by under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with DC , washed with ice-water, saturated aq NaHC0 3 and brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , and concentrated under reduced
• Triethylamine (6.5 g, 64.2 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4-amino-2- [(trifluoromethyl)oxy]benzonitrile (Intermediate 51 , 6.5 g, 32.2 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred for 15 min.
• Chloro-2-oxoethyl acetate (5.2 g, 38.1 mmol) was added at 0°C and stirring was continued for 4 hr at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with ice-water, saturated aq. NaHC0 3 solution and brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. This was purified by column chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel), eluting with 30% EtOAc/pet ether to give the title compound (8.10 g).
• Triphenylphosphine (17.29 g, 65.7 mmol) and diisopropylazodicorboxylate (13.3 g, 65.7 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-( ⁇ 4-cyano-3-
• Triethylamine (9.30 g, 91.9 mmol) was added at 0°C to a stirred solution of 2-amino- 5-trifluoromethylpyridine (5.0 g, 30.8 mmol) in DCM, and stiring was continued for 15 min.
• 2-Chloro-2-oxoethyl acetate (5.03 g, 36.8 mmol) was added at 0°C, and the temperature was raised to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 4 hrs.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with ice-water, aq. NaHC0 3 solution and saturated brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude compound. This was purified by column chromatography (100-200 silica gel), eluting with 0-20% EtOAc/pet ether to give the title compound (3.30 g) as a pale brown solid.
• Lithium hydroxide (0.30 g, 12.5 mmol) was added at 0°C to a solution of ⁇ 1 -[5- (trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1 /-/-tetrazol-5-yl ⁇ methyl acetate (Intermediate 57, 1.80 g, 6.27 mmol) in a mixture of ethanol and water (2: 1). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hr at room temperature. The ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with DCM and washed with ice-water, saturated NaHC0 3 solution and brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. This was purified by column chromatography (60-120 mesh silica gel), eluting with 30% ethyl acetate/pet ether, to give the title compound (0.90 g).
• reaction mixtu re was filtered and the solid collected was washed with a minimum of methanol then dried under vacuum to yield the title compound as a solid (0.216g).
• the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours.
• the reaction mixture was partitioned between DCM (3mL) and saturated NaHC0 3 (2mL).
• the organic layer was collected via a hydrophobic frit and the solvent removed under vacuum.
• the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (2mL) before the addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (144 mg, 0.678 mmol).
• the reaction mixture v. as stirred at room temperature for 22 hours.
• the reaction mixture was partitioned between DCM (3mL) and saturated NaHC0 3 (2mL).
• the organic layer was collected via a hydrophobic frit and the solvent removed under vacuum.
• the residue was purified by MDAP to yield a solid.
• a suspension of potassium tert-butoxide (0.462 g, 4.12 mmol) in tert-butanol (6ml) was stirred at 30°C before the addition of ⁇ 4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl ⁇ formamide (may be prepared as described in Intermediate 6) (0.338g, 1 .65 mmol).
• the reaction mixture was stirred until a clear solution formed (approx 5 minutes).
• To the reaction mixture was added dropwise POCI 3 (0.092 mL, 0.989 mmol) and the reaction mixture stirred at 30°C for 90 minutes.
• the reaction mixture was poured onto saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (5mL) and the suspension extracted with petroleum ether 40:60 (2 x 8mL). The organic layers were combined, passed through a hydrophobic frit and the solvent removed under a stream of argon to yield orange gum.
• the solvent was removed under a stream of argon to yield a sticky orange gum.
• the product was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (1 mL) and DCM (1 mL). The organic layer was collected via a hydrophobic frit and the solvent removed under vacuum. The product was further purified by silica chromatography (Biotage SP4 eluting a gradient from 50 - 100% EtOAc over 15 column volumes) to yield the title compound as a solid (12mg).

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