Classifications

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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
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  • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
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  • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
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  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• PTSD is recognized by the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the National Institute of Mental Health as a major medical issue for both deployed and returning U.S. troops.
• PTSD is not only an illness that affects military personnel; the NIMH reports that almost eight million Americans suffer from this disorder and that it ranks among the most common psychiatric conditions in the country.
• PTSD is characterized by diminished emotional capacity, compromised relationships with family and friends, reduced interest in activities that bring enjoyment, irritability, increased aggression, and sometimes violent behavior.
• A is a carboxylic acid, an ester, or an amide
• A is a carboxylic acid, an ester, or an amide
• R 1 is hydrogen or CrC 6 alkyl
• R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, or a substituent selected from the group consisting of -C0 2 R , -CONR 8 R 8' , and -NR 8 (COR 9 ); where R 8 and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted arylalkyl; or R 8 and R 8' are taken together with the attached nitrogen atom to form a heterocyclyl group; and where R 9 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, and R 8 R 8 N-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl);
• Q is oxygen; or Q is sulfur or disulfide, or an oxidized derivative thereof; n is an integer from 1 to 3;
• a and/or A' is an independently selected amide of an optionally substituted piperidinyl attached at the nitrogen.
• Illustrative optional substitutions include hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkyloxyalkyl, including (hydroxy(C 2 -C 4 alkyloxy))-(C 2 -C 4 alkyl), R 6 R 7 N-, R 6 R 7 N-alkyl, including R 6 R 7 N-(CrC 4 alkyl), diphenylmethyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl(Ci-C 4 alkyl), and piperidin-l-yl(C 1 -C 4 alkyl).
• a and/or A' is an independently selected piperidinyl substituted at the 4-position and attached at the nitrogen.
• A is of the formula
• R N , R a , and R Ar are as defined herein.
• a and/or A' is an amide of an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle attached at a nitrogen.
• nitrogen-containing heterocycles include but are not limited to pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,
• A is pyrrolidinonyl, piperidinonyl, 2-(pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-l-yl, or l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, each of which is optionally substituted, and attached at a nitrogen.
• a and/or A' is an amide of an optionally substituted piperazinyl attached at a nitrogen.
• Illustrative optional substitutions include hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkyloxyalkyl, including (hydroxy(C 2 -C 4 alkyloxy))-(C 2 -C 4 alkyl), R 6 R 7 N-, R 6 R 7 N-alkyl, including R 6 R 7 N-(CrC 4 alkyl),
• a and/or A' is piperazinyl substituted at the 4-position and attached at a nitrogen.
• a and/or A' in formula (I) or (II) is an amide of an optionally substituted benzyl, optionally substituted 1-naphthylmethyl, or optionally substituted 2-naphthylmethyl amine.
• a and/or A' in formula (I) or (II) is an amide of an optionally substituted benzyl-N-methylamine.
• a in formula (I) or (II) is an amide of an optionally substituted benzyl-N-butylamine, including n-butyl, and t-butyl.
• a in formula (I) or (II) is an amide of an optionally substituted benzyl-N-benzylamine.
• Optional substitutions include, but are not limited to, 2,3- dichloro, 3,5-dichloro, 3-bromo, 3-trifluoromethyl, 3-chloro, 3-methyl, and the like.
• n is 1 or 2. In another embodiment of the compounds of formula (I), n is 1. In another embodiment of the compounds of formula (II), n is 1 or 2. In another embodiment of the compounds of formula (II), n is 1.
• R and R are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted arylalkyloxy, optionally substituted arylalkylcarbonyloxy, diphenylmethoxy, triphenylmethoxy, and the like; and R 12 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted aryloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted aryloyl, and the like.
• R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are as defined herein.
• R 4 is of the formulae: wherein Y an electron withdrawing group, such as halo, and ⁇ is hydrogen or one or more aryl substituents, such as but not limited to halo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, and the like. It is to be understood that the double bond in the formulae may be all or substantially all (E), all or substantially all (Z), or a mixture thereof. In another embodiment, the double bond in the formulae is all or substantially all (E). In another embodiment of the compounds of formulae (I) or (II), R 4 is of the formulae:
• the stereochemistry of the a-carbon is (S) or (R), or is an epimeric mixture.
• the stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbon is (R).
• the stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbon is (S).
• the stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbon is (S).
• the stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbon when n is 1 and Q is oxygen, the stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbon is (R).
• when n is 1 and Q is sulfur when n is 1 and Q is sulfur, the
• cycloalkenyl includes a chain of carbon atoms, which is optionally branched, and includes at least one double bond, where at least a portion of the chain in cyclic. It is to be understood that the one or more double bonds may be in the cyclic portion of cycloalkenyl and/or the non-cyclic portion of cycloalkenyl. It is to be understood that cycloalkenylalkyl and cycloalkylalkenyl are each subsets of cycloalkenyl. It is to be understood that cycloalkyl may be polycyclic.
• hydroxy and derivatives thereof includes OH, and alkyloxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, heteroalkyloxy, heteroalkenyloxy, heteroalkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloheteroalkyloxy, cycloheteroalkenyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylalkenyloxy, arylalkynyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyloxy,
• acyl includes formyl, and alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, heteroalkylcarbonyl, heteroalkenylcarbonyl,
• optionally substituted includes the replacement of hydrogen atoms with other functional groups on the radical that is optionally substituted.
• Such other functional groups illustratively include, but are not limited to, amino, hydroxyl, halo, thiol, alkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylheteroalkyl, nitro, sulfonic acids and derivatives thereof, carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, and the like.
• protected carboxy refers to the carboxy group protected or blocked by a conventional protecting group commonly used for the temporary blocking of the acidic carboxy.
• groups include lower alkyl, for example tert-butyl, halo- substituted lower alkyl, for example 2-iodoethyl and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, benzyl and substituted benzyl, for example 4-methoxybenzyl and 4-nitrobenzyl, diphenylmethyl, alkenyl, for example allyl, trialkylsilyl, for example trimethylsilyl and tert-butyldiethylsilyl and like carboxy-protecting groups. 2Q
• prodrug generally refers to any compound that when administered to a biological system generates a biologically active compound as a result of one or more spontaneous chemical reaction(s), enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction(s), and/or metabolic chemical reaction(s), or a combination thereof.
• the prodrug is typically acted upon by an enzyme (such as esterases, amidases, phosphatases, and the like), simple biological chemistry, or other process in vivo to liberate or regenerate the more pharmacologically active drug. This activation may occur through the action of an endogenous host enzyme or a non-endogenous enzyme that is administered to the host preceding, following, or during administration of the prodrug.
• the number of dosages administered per day for each compound may be the same or different.
• the compounds or compositions may be administered via the same or different routes of administration.
• the compounds or compositions may be administered according to simultaneous or alternating regimens, at the same or different times during the course of the therapy, concurrently in divided or single forms.
• AVP neurons and nerve fibers also are found throughout the limbic system of the brain. AVP exerts its physiological and behavioral effects by binding to specific G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in the central nervous system and certain peripheral tissues/sites.
• GPCRs G-Protein Coupled Receptors
• Vlb Three distinct AVP receptor subtypes have been identified— Via, Vlb, and V2.
• Via is the predominant AVP receptor found in the limbic system and cortex, Vlb receptor is located in limbic system and pituitary gland, although it is less widespread than Via.
• the V2 receptor is localized in kidney, where it mediates the antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. It is generally believed that V2 is not expressed in the nervous systems of adult animals or humans.
• compounds, compositions, medicaments, and methods are described herein for treating a patient in need of relief from PTSD co-morbid with one or more depression disorders, including major depression and treatment-resistant depression, such as DSM-IV: 296.33, and the like.
• compounds, compositions, medicaments, and methods are described herein for treating a patient in need of relief from PTSD co-morbid with one or more impulse control/anger disorders, such as DSM-IV: 301.7, 301.83, 312.82, and the like.
• compounds, resume are described herein for treating a patient in need of relief from PTSD co-morbid with one or more depression disorders, including major depression and treatment-resistant depression, such as DSM-IV: 296.33, and the like.
• compounds, compositions, medicaments, and methods are described herein for treating a patient in need of relief from PTSD co-morbid with one or more impulse control/anger disorders, such as DSM-IV: 301.7, 301.83, 312.82, and the like.
• compounds, resume are described herein for treating a
• compositions, medicaments, and methods are described herein for treating a patient in need of relief from combinations of such co-morbidities.
• compounds described herein are active at the Via AVP receptor. In another embodiment, compounds described herein are selectively active at the Via AVP receptor, and are less active, substantially less active, and/or inactive at other AVP receptor, such as the Vlb and/or V2 subtypes of AVP receptors. In another
• compounds described herein cross the blood-brain- barrier (BBB) and show high CNS permeability.
• compounds described herein show efficacious dose levels in the brain for treating PTSD.
• compounds described herein show efficacious dose levels in the brain for treating intermittent explosive disorder.
• compounds described herein show efficacious dose levels in the brain for treating PTSD co-morbid with intermittent explosive disorders.
• compounds described herein exhibit plasma levels at or in excess of those necessary for clinical efficacy in treating PTSD and PTSD co- morbid with other disorders, including but not limited to one or more of intermittent explosive disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and/or other stress-related mood disorders.
• compounds described herein exhibit cardiovascular safety profiles both in vivo and in vitro consistent with the treatment of PTSD, and PTSD co-morbid with other disorders, including but not limited to one or more of intermittent explosive disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, impulse control and anger disorders, and/or other stress-related mood disorders.
• compounds described herein exhibit respiratory safety in vivo.
• compounds described herein, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing them exhibit high plasma levels and high brain levels, including with oral administration.
• compounds described herein, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing them capable of crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB), including with oral administration.
• BBB blood brain barrier
• compounds described herein, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing them are inactive or substantially inactive at 100 nM against a standard panel of 64 receptors including 35 GPCRs (Novascreen panel), including neurotransmitter related receptors, steroidal receptors, ion channels, second messenger receptors, prostaglandin receptors, growth factor receptors, hormonal receptors, brain/gut peptides (not including vasopressin 1), and enzymes.
• compounds described herein, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing them have specific behavioral effects that are context dependent (see, for example, Ferris & Potegal (1988)).
• compounds described herein, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing them have specific behavioral effects that are context dependent (see, for example, Ferris & Potegal (1988)).
• compounds described herein, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing them have specific behavioral effects that are context dependent (see, for example, Ferris & Potegal (1988)).
• V la and Vn competitivity experiments.
• V la competitivity of test agents consisted of concentration-response curves for AVP in the absence and presence of two or more concentrations of test agent.
• competition by test agents consist of concentration-response curves for AVP in the absence and presence of at least five concentrations of test agent.
• Data were fit to a competitive logistic equation M x ⁇ A / [E + (D / K)] ⁇ Q
• Y is dpm of inositol phosphates
• B concentration of basal inositol phosphates
• M is the maximal increase in concentration of inositol phosphates
• A is the concentration of agonist (A VP)
• E is the EC 50 for agonist
• D is the concentration of antagonist (test agent)
• K is the Kj for antagonist
• Q is the cooperativity (Hill coefficient).
• EXAMPLE The use of the compounds and compositions described herein for treating PTSD and stress-related affective illness is established using a model of predatory fear conditioning.
• the model uses fMRI data of rats exposed to a ferret, a natural predator, as the unconditioned stimulus while experiencing the taste of sucrose, which is highly rewarding, as the conditioned stimulus.
• the taste of sucrose becomes associated with the traumatic memory of the ferret.
• the rats exhibit a hyperarousal pattern of brain activity in the limbic cortex and hippocampus in response to the taste of sucrose alone weeks later. This hyperarousal pattern of brain activty in response to a stimulus associated with a traumatic memory is characteristic of PTSD.
• AVN576 (Example 266) was effective in blocking retrieval of predatory fear memory. Without being bound by theory, it is believed herein that vasopressin is involved in the memory of fear but not the fear response itself. Compounds described herein attenuate the hyperarousal brain activity pattern associated with the retrieval of aversive memories. A pattern of hyperarousal in fear circuits has been reported in patients having PTSD (see, for example, Shin et al., Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Arch Gen Psychiatry Feb;61(2): 168-76 (2004); Shin and Liberzon, 2010).
• the total volume of brain activation for resident males confronted with their mate alone, mate plus intruder, and mate plus intruder in the presence of AVN251-HC1 can be viewed as 3D models. While there appears to be a general decrease in BOLD signal in major regions with AVN251-HC1 treatment, sexual motivation, as assessed by the presentation of a novel receptive female, was unaffected by Via receptor blockade. Imaging shows robust activation of the different brain regions when the novel female is presented as a stimulus. Further, male residents treated with AVN251-HC1 show normal sexual behavior toward receptive females (estrogen/progesterone treated ovariectomized novel females) in their home cage environment.
• EXAMPLE Neuroimaging shows Blockade of Stress in Important Brain Regions. Awake rats were imaged when presented with their mate + an intruder, a highly stressful stimulus. Pretreatment with AVN251 (5mg/kg) 90 minutes before the test session blocked the stress/arousal response. Sexual motivation and behavior remained intact.
• EXAMPLE Resident- Intruder Model in Hamster. Placing an unfamiliar male hamster into the home cage of another male hamster elicits a well-defined sequence of agonistic behaviors from the resident that includes offensive aggression.
• the resident is scored for stress, e.g., latency to bite the intruder, total contact time with the intruder, the total number of bites, and flank marking, over a 10 minute test period (Ferris, C.F., Potegal, M. Physiology and Behavior, 44, 235-239 (1988)).
• Flank marking is a form of olfactory communication in which a hamster arches its back and rubs pheromone producing flank glands against objects in the environment (Johnston, R.E.
• the compounds described herein are tested using five groups of five animals each over a range of doses (100 ng/kg, 10 ⁇ g/kg, 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and saline vehicle as control).
• doses 100 ng/kg, 10 ⁇ g/kg, 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and saline vehicle as control.
• an intruder is placed into the home cage and the resident scored for offensive aggression.
• animals are screened for motor activity in an open field paradigm and sexual motivation.
• the latency to bite is increased and the number of bites decreased by the administration of compounds described herein, indicating a lower stress level in treated animals.
• Contact time may also be increased.
• Chronic social subjugation is a standard method for producing animals that exhibit depression-like physiological and behavioral profiles.
• a rapid subjugation paradigm in mice lead to diminished social interaction behavior, where the dependent measures are distance traveled and time in the Interaction Zone.
• CDP chlordiazepoxide
• C57B1/6J males were defeated daily for 10 days by resident, highly aggressive CF-1 males. After 5 minutes of direct exposure, a perforated plastic partition was inserted into the cage that allowed olfactory and visual contact without physical defeat for the remaining 23 hr 55 min each day. The C57 males were exposed to a different resident male in a different cage each day to increase the stress of the procedure (it was observed that all CF-1 males attacked the intruder each day). At the end of the 10 day defeat procedure, the C57 males were tested in an open field apparatus during the dark phase. A dominant male was caged in an area of the open field apparatus termed the "social interaction zone.” Time and distance traveled in the zone were recorded.
• the C57 males were then divided randomly among the following treatments: AVN246-HC1 (2 mg/kg), saline vehicle (0.45%), or chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg). Treatments were given daily (i.p.) for 28 days and the animals were retested. Behavioral changes were determined by calculating difference scores (Post- Pretest) and these scores were analyzed.
• EXAMPLE Anxiolytic Effect in the Light:Dark Shuttle Box.
• the light:dark shuttle box is a standard and well characterized assay for anxiolytic effects of a test compound. Rats naturally avoid the light side of the box because it is stressful. Increased time on the light side by the treatment group compared to control reflects an anxiolytic effect (Bourin and Hascoet, 2003).
• Adult male Long Evans rats were administered AVN251 (0.1-2 mg/kg) by oral gavage 90 min prior to testing in a light: dark shuttle box.
• a dose dependent decrease in anxiety was observed in response to AVN251 vs. vehicle.
• test animals spent significantly more time in the light (FIG. 2A), less time in the dark (FIG. 2B), and made more light-dark entries (FIG. 2C) following treatment with 1 or 2 mg/kg AVN251.
• EXAMPLE General Synthetic Routes. Proximal amide approach which permits synthetic variation at the distal amide site; proximal amide is set first, followed by distal amide diversit by arallel synthesis.
• Example 1C Methyl 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)propanoate.
• a solution of methyl (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)acetate (1 g, 4.25 mmol) in 10 mL of anhydrous THF at -78 °C was treated with 4.68 mL (4.68 mmol) of a 1 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. at about -70 °C before adding Mel (1.59 mL, 25.51 mmol).
• reaction Upon complete conversion of the azetidinone, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH 4 C1 and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite, and saturated aqueous NaCl.
• Example IE 2-(4(S)-Phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)propanoyl chloride.
• a solution of 1 equivalent of Example ID and 1.3 equivalent of oxalyl chloride in 200 mL CH 2 CI 2 (150 mL / g of propanoic acid derivative) was treated with a catalytic amount of anhydrous DMF (85 ⁇ L I mmole of propanoic acid derivative) resulting in vigorous gas evolution. After 45 min., all gas evolution had ceased and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as an off-white solid after drying for 2 h. under vacuum.
• Examples 2A-2C and 3-5 were prepared according to the procedure of Example 2, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester a-N- hydroxysuccinimide ester was replaced by the appropriate amino acid derivative, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine.
• Example 2B N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid ⁇ -t-butyl ester a-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide.
• N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester a-N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (4.83 g, 11.1 mmol, Advanced ChemTech) and 3- (trifluoromethyl)benzylamine) 1.63 mL (11.4 mmol) gave 5.41 g (98%) of the title compound as an off-white solid;
• 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.88-1.99 (m, 1H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.47 (m,lH), 4.19-4.25 (s, 1H), 4.46-4.48 (m, 2H), 5.05-5.08 (m, 2H), 5.67-5.72 (m,
• Example 2C N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid ⁇ -t-butyl ester oc-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide.
• Example 5B 0-(Benzyl)-D-serine i-Butyl ester.
• Example 6 General procedure for amide formation from a carboxylic acid. N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester -(3-trifluoromethyl)benzylamide. A solution of 1 g (2.93 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate (Novabiochem) in 3-4 mL of dichloromethane was treated by sequential addition of 0.46 mL (3.21 mmol) of 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine, 0.44 g (3.23 mmol) of l-hydroxy-7-benzotriazole, and 0.62 g (3.23 mmol) of l-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
• Examples 7-7H were prepared according to the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced by the appropriate amino acid derivative, and 3-(trifhioromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine.
• Example 7 N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester (1.14 g, 3.37 mmol) and 0.53 mL (3.70 mmol, Novabiochem) of 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine gave 1.67 g (quantitative yield) of Example 7 as an off-white solid. Example 7 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 7A N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid cc-i-butyl ester ⁇ -(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid cc-i-butyl ester (1.36 g, 4.03 mmol) and 0.746g (4.43 mmol) of 1-cyclohexylpiperazine gave 1.93 g (98%) of
• Example 7A as an off-white solid; 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.02-1.12 (m, 5H); 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.60- 1.64 (m, 1H); 1.80-1.93 (m, 5H); 2.18-2.52 (m, 8H); 3.38-3.60 (m,4H); 4.20-4.24 (m, 1H); 5.03-5.13 (m, 2H); 5.53-5.57 (m, 1H); 7.28-7.34 (m, 5H).
• Example 7B N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester oc-(2- fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl)benzylamide.
• Example 7C N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester oc-[(S)-OC- methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 7D N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[(R)-CC- methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 7E N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[N- methyl-N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)]amide.
• N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester (0.303 g, 0.89 mmol, Novabiochem) and 0.168 g (0.89 mmol,) of N-methyl-N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amine gave 0.287 g (65%) of Example 7E as an off-white solid;
• Example 7F N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[(S)- l- (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl] amide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate (Novabiochem) (84 mg, 0.25 mmol) and 47 mg of (S)-l-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl)ethylamine gave 122 mg (quantitative yield) of Example 7F as an off- white solid.
• Example 7F exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 7H N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-glutamic acid cc-methyl ester ⁇ -(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-glutamic acid cc-methyl ester (508 mg, 1.72 mmol) and 317 mg (1.81 mmol) of 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine gave 662 mg (85%) of Example 7H as an off-white solid. Example 7H exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 8 General procedure for hydrogenation of a benzyloxycarbonyl amine. L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester -(3-trifluoromethyl)benzylamide. A suspension of 2.23 g (4.64 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide and palladium (5% wt. on activated carbon, 0.642 g) in 30 mL of methanol was held under an atmosphere of hydrogen until complete conversion as determined by thin layer chromatography (95:5 dichloromethane/methanol eluent).
• Examples 9-13P were prepared according to the procedure of Example 8, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide was replaced by the appropriate amino acid derivative.
• Example 12 L-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide (5.86 g, 11.50 mmol) gave 4.28 g (99%) of Example 12 as an off-white oil; 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.39 (s, 9H); 2.00-2.08 (m, IH); 2.38-2.46 (m, IH); 2.55- 2.90 (m, 9H); 3.61-3.82 (m, 4H); 4.48-4.56 (m, IH); 7.17-7.26 (m, 5H).
• Example 13D D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester -[(R)- -methylbenzyl]amide.
• Example 13F L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide (5.89 g, 11.9 mmol) gave 4.24 g (98%) of Example 13F as an off-white oil; 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.42 (s, 9H); 2.61-2.95 (m, 10H); 3.60-3.90 (m, 4H); 4.35-
• Example 13K L-glutamic acid cc-i-butyl ester ⁇ -(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide. N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester ⁇ -(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide (1.93 g, 3.96 mmol) gave 1.30 g (93%) of Example 13K as an off-white oil; 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.02-1.25 (m, 5H); 1.41 (s, 9H); 1.45-1.50 (m, IH); 1.56-
• Example 13M D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[(S)-l-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl] amide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester oc- [(S)-l-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl]amide (120 mg, 0.24 mmol) gave 91 mg (91%) of Example 13M as an off-white oil, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 13N D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[(R)-l-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl] amide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc- [(R)-l-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl] amide (217 mg, 0.44 mmol) gave 158 mg (quantitative yield) of Example 13N as an off-white oil, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 130 D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[N-methyl-N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl)] amide. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-[N- methyl-N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)]amide (0.282 g, 0.57 mmol) gave 0.195 g (95%) of Example 130 as an off-white oil, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 13P D-glutamic acid cc-methyl ester ⁇ -(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide. N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-glutamic acid a-methyl ester ⁇ -(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide (764 mg, 1.69 mmol) gave g (516mg, 96%) of Example 13P as an off-white oil, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Step 1 General procedure for formation of an imine from an amino acid derivative.
• a solution of 1 equivalent of an cc-amino acid ester or amide in dichloromethane is treated sequentially with 1 equivalent of an appropriate aldehyde, and a dessicating agent, such as magnesium sulfate or silica gel, in the amount of about 2 grams of dessicating agent per gram of starting cc-amino acid ester or amide.
• a dessicating agent such as magnesium sulfate or silica gel
• the organic phase is washed sequentially with IN hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and saturated aqueous sodium chloride.
• the resulting organic layer is dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated.
• the residue is purified by silica gel chromatography with an appropriate eluent, such as 3:2 hexane/ethyl acetate.
• Example 17 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl 2(RS)-(i ⁇ ?/t-butoxycarbonyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetate.
• 9.0 g (20 mmol) of Example 15 was acylated with 4.2 g (20 mmol) of trichloroethylchloroformate to give 7.0 g (56%) of Example 17; mp 176-178 °C.
• Example 18 2(RS)-(iert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2- on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl] acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 18A was prepared according to the procedure of Example 18, using 2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine instead of (3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amine.
• Example 18A was obtained as a white solid (140 mg, 41%), and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Examples 19-25AF were prepared according to the procedure of Example 14, where the appropriate amino acid derivative and aldehyde were used in Step 1, and the appropriate acetyl chloride was used in Step 2.
• Example 19A 2(S)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(R)-(4(R)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(S)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 19A was prepared according to the method of Example 19 except that 2-(4(R)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1A) was used instead of 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride.
• Example 20 2(S)-(i ⁇ ?/t-Butoxycarbonylethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 21 2(S)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide.
• Example 22 2(S)-(i ⁇ ?/t-Butoxycarbonylethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-[4-(2- phenylethyl)]piperazinamide.
• Example 1 The imine prepared from 2.54 g (6.75 mmol) of L-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester -[4-(2-phenylethyl)]piperazinamide and cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 3.55 g (76%) of Example 22 after flash column chromatography purification (50:50 hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (CDCI3) ⁇ 1.32 (s, 9H); 1.96-2.07 (m, IH); 2.15-2.44 (m, 6H); 2.54-2.62 (m, 2H); 2.69- 2.81 (m, 3H); 3.28-3.34 (m, IH); 3.59-3.68 (m, IH); 4.08-4.13 (m, IH); 4.33-4.44 (m, 2H); 4.48-4.60 (m, 2H
• Example 23 2(R)-(iert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 23A 2(R)-(iert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(R)-(4(R)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(S)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 23A was prepared according to the method of Example 23 except that 2-(4(R)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1A) was used instead of 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride.
• Example 25 2(S)-(i ⁇ ?/t-Butoxycarbonylethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide.
• Example 1 The imine prepared from 2.58 g (5.94 mmol) of L-glutamic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-(4-cyclohexyl)piperazinamide and cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2- (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 3.27 g (94%) of Example 25 after flash column chromatography purification (95:5
• Example 25A ie/t-Butyl 2(S)-(2-(4-cyclohexylpiperazinylcarbonyl)ethyl)-2- [3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetate.
• Example 1 The imine prepared from 1.282 g (3.63 mmol) of L-glutamic acid cc-i-butyl ester ⁇ -(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide and cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 1.946 g (80%) of Example 25A after flash column chromatography purification (50:50 hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.15-1.26 (m, 6H); 1.39 (s, 9H); 1.55-1.64 (m, 2H); 1.77-1.83 (m, 3H); 2.22-2.35 (m, 2H); 2.40-2.50 (m, 6H); 2.75-2.79 (m, IH); 3.43-3.48 (m, IH); 3.56-3.60 (m, 2H); 3.75- 3.
• Example 25B 2(R)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-(2-fluoro-3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 25C 2(R)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-[(S)-CC- methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 25D 2(R)-(iert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-[(R)-CC- methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 25E 2(R)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-methyl-N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 25F 2(S)-(i ⁇ ?/t-Butoxycarbonylethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-chlorostyr-2-yl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 25J iert-Butyl 3(R)-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-3- methyl-4(R)-(styr-2-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]-3-[(3- trifluoromethyl)phenylmethylaminocarbonyl]propanoate.
• Example 25P Methyl 2(S)-(fert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetate.
• the imine prepared from 424 mg (2.09 mmol) of L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-methyl ester and
• Example 1 cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 923 mg (85%) of Example 25P after after recrystallization from
• Example 25L 2(R)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(R)-l-(3- trifluoromethylpheny)ethyl]amide.
• the imine prepared from 160 mg (0.44 mmol) of D- aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester -[(R)-l-(3-trifluoromethylpheny)ethyl]amide and
• Example 1 cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 166 mg (55%) of Example 25L after flash column chromatography purification (70:30 hexanes/ EtOAc).
• Example 25L exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 25N 2(R)-(iert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(S)-l-(3- trifluoromethylpheny)ethyl]amide.
• the imine prepared from 120 mg (0.22 mmol) of D- aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester -[(S)-l-(3-trifluoromethylpheny)ethyl]amide and
• Example 1 cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 75 mg (50%) of Example 25N after flash column chromatography purification (70:30 hexanes/EtOAc).
• Example 25N exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 25Q Methyl 2(R)-(2-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl)aminocarbonyl)ethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)- (2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetate.
• Example 1 The imine prepared from 517 mg (1.62 mmol) of D- glutamic acid cc-methyl ester y-(3-trifluoromethyl)benzylamide and cinnamaldehyde was combined with 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 527 mg (51%) of Example 25Q after flash column chromatography purification (50:50 hexanes/ EtOAc).
• Example 25Q exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 25 AF. t-Butyl 2(S)-(2-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl)aminocarbonyl)ethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)- (2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- 1 -yl] acetate.
• Example 26 General procedure for hydrolysis of a ie/t-butyl ester.
• Examples 27-34AE were prepared from the appropriate iert-butyl ester according to the procedure used in Example 26.
• Example 27 2(R,S)-(Carboxy)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)- 4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 18 (0.30 g, 0.46 mmol) was hydrolyzed to give 0.27 g (quantitative yield) of Example 27 as an off-white solid; 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 4.17-5.28 (m, 9H); 6.21-6.29 (m, IH), 6.68-6.82 (m, IH); 7.05-7.75 (m, 13H); 9.12-9.18 (m, IH).
• Example 28 2(S)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 28A 2(S)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(R)-(4(R)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on- 3-yl)-4(S)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 29 2(S)-(Carboxyethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)- 4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 30 2(S)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-[4-(2-phenylethyl)]piperazinamide.
• Example 24 (0.604 g, 0.89 mmol) was hydrolyzed to give 0.554 g (quantitative yield) of Example 33 as an off-white solid.
• Example 34 2(S)-(Carboxyethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)- 4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(4-cyclohexyl)piperazinamide.
• Example 25A (0.787 g, 1.28 mmol) was hydrolyzed to give 0.665 g (92%) of Example 34A as an off- white solid; 1H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.05-1.13 (m, IH); 1.20-1.40 (m, 5H); 1.60-1.64 (m, IH); 1.79-1.83 (m, 2H); 2.00-2.05 (m, 2H); 2.22-2.44 (m, 3H); 2.67-2.71 (m, IH); 2.93-3.01 (m, 4H); 3.14-3.18 (m, IH); 3.38-3.42 (m, IH); 3.48-3.52 (m, IH); 3.64-3.69 (m, IH); 4.06-4.14 (m, 2H); 4.34-4.43 (m, 2H
• Example 34B 2(R)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(2-fluoro-3- trifluoromethylbenzyl)carboxamide.
• Example 34C 2(R)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(S)- -methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 34D 2(R)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(R)- -methylbenzyl]amide.
• Example 34E 2(R)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-methyl-N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 34F 2(S)-(Carboxyethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2-chlorostyr-2-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 34G 2(R)-(Carboxymethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3- yl)-4(R)-(2'-methoxystyr-2-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 34J 3(R)-[3(S)-(4(S)-Phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-3-methyl-4(R)- (styr-2-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]-3-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenylmethylaminocarbonyl]propanoic acid.
• Example 34L 2(R)-(Carboxylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on- 3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(R)-l-(3- trifluoromethylpheny)ethyl] amide.
• Example 25L (166 mg, 0.24 mmol) was hydrolyzed to give 152 mg (quantitative yield) of Example 34L as an off-white solid; and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 25M (875 mg, 1.64 mmol) was hydrolyzed to give 757 mg (97%) of Example 34M as an off-white solid, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 25N (38.5 mg, 0.057 mmol) was hydrolyzed to give 35 mg (quantitative yield) of Example 34N as an off-white solid, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 340 2(S)-(i ⁇ ?/t-Butoxycarbonylethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid.
• Example 250 (97 mg, 0.18 mmol) was dissolved in methanol/tetrahydrofuran (2.5 mL/2 mL) and reacted with lithium hydroxide (0.85 mL of a 0.85M solution in water; 0.72 mmol) for 6 hours at room temperature. The reaction was diluted with 15 mL dichloromethane and aqueous
• Example 340 was prepared as an off-white solid, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 25Q (150 mg, 0.24 mmol) was hydrolyzed according to the method used for
• Example 340 to give 143 mg (97%) of Example 34Q as an off-white solid, and exhibited an
• Examples 43-86A shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 28, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Examples 132A-132B shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 341, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 132C 2(S)-(ieri-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl] acetic acid N-(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide.
• Example 132C was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34P, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 1-cyclohexyl- ⁇ piperazine.
• Example 132C exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Examples 133-134G shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 32, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned s
• Example 134H Example 134H was prepared using the procedure of Example 86B, except that Example 133 was replaced with Example 110.
• Example 1341 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 32A, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4-
• Example 222 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34B, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with
• Example 223. 2(R)-[[4-(Piperidinyl)piperidinyl]carbonylmethyl]-2-[3(S)- (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(S)-CC- methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 223 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34C, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with
• Example 223 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 224 2(R)-[[4-(Piperidinyl)piperidinyl]carbonylmethyl]-2-[3(S)- (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(R)-CC- methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 224 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34D, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with
• Example 223 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 225 2(R)-[[4-(Piperidinyl)piperidinyl]carbonylmethyl]-2-[3(S)- (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-methyl-N- (3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 225 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34E, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with
• Example 223 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure; Calc'd for C 43 H 48 F 3 N 5 O 5 : C, 66.91; H, 6.27; N, 9.07; found. C, 66.68; H, 6.25; N, 9.01.
• Example 225 Hydrochloride salt.
• Example 225 (212.5 mg) was dissolved in 30 mL dry Et 2 0. Dry HC1 gas was bubbled through this solution resulting in the rapid formation of an off-white precipitate. HC1 addition was discontinued when no more precipitate was observed forming (ca. 5 minutes). The solid was isolated by suction filtration, washed twice with 15 mL of dry Et 2 0 and dried to 213.5 mg (96% yield) of an off-white solid; Calc'd for C 43 H 49 CIF 3 N 5 O 5 : C, 63.89; H, 6.11; N, 8.66; CI, 4.39; found. C, 63.41; H, 5.85; N, 8.60; CI, 4.86.
• Example 225A 2(R)-[[4-[2-(piperidinyl)ethyl]piperidinyl]carbonylmethyl]-2- [3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(S)- cc-methylbenzyl] amide.
• Example 225 A was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34C, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4- [2- (piperidinyl)ethyl]piperidine.
• Example 225A exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 225B was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34D, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4-[2- (piperidinyl)ethyl]piperidine.
• Example 225B exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 225C was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34L, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4-(piperidinyl)piperidine.
• Example 225C exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 225D 2(R)-[[4-(Piperidinyl)piperidinyl]carbonylmethyl]-2-[3(S)- (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(S)-l-(3- trifluoromethylpheny)ethyl] amide.
• Example 225D was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34N, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with
• Examples 87-120E shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 29, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 120F Example 120F was prepared using the procedure of Example 86B, except that Example 63 was replaced with Example 110 to give an off-white solid (54.5 mg, 98%).
• Example 120F exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 120G 2(S)-(Methoxycarbonylethyl)-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 120G was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34M, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Examples 172-221R shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34A, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure
• Examples 135-140 shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 33, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 140A 2(R)-( 2-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amino-l-ylcarbonyl)ethyl)- 2-[3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(4- cyclohexyl)piperazinamide.
• Example 140A was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34Q, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine was replaced with 1-cyclohexyl- piperazine, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Examples 226-230C shown in the following table, were prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34F, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with the appropriate amine; all listed Examples exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 86C 2(S)-[[4-(Piperidinyl)piperidinyl]carbonymethyl]-2-[3(S)- (4(R)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-styryl)azetidin-2-on- l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 86C was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 28A, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4- (piperidinyl)piperidine, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 231 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34G, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4-(piperidinyl)piperidine, and exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 234A 4-(Piperidinyl)-piperidinyl 3(R)-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-3-methyl-4(R)-(styr-2-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]-3-[(3- trifluoromethyl)phenylmethylaminocarbonyl]propanoic acid.
• Example 6 Using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D- aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with the carboxylic acid of Example 34J and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4-(piperidinyl)piperidine, the title compound was prepared in quantitative yield; MS (m+H) + 772.
• Example 235 2(S)-[[(l-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]carbonylmethyl]-2- [3(S)-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-phenyleth-l-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amide.
• Example 235 was prepared using the procedure of Example 8, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester oc-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide was replaced with Example 63 (50 mg, 0.064 mmol) to give 40 mg (80%) of Example 235 as an off-white solid; Example 235 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 236 was prepared using the procedure of Example 8, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide was replaced with Example 110 (50 mg, 0.065 mmol) to give 42 mg (84%) of Example 236 as an off-white solid; Example 236 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 236A (2S)-[(4-cyclohexylpiperazinyl)carbonylethyl]-2-[3(S)-(4(S)- phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(2-phenyleth-l-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-[(R)- l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-l-yl]amide.
• Example 236A was prepared using the procedure of Example 8, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester cc-(3- trifluoromethyl)benzylamide was replaced with Example 215 (76 mg, 0.10 mmol) to give 69 mg (90%) of Example 236A as an off white solid.
• Example 236A exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 237 2(R)-[[4-(Piperidinyl)piperidinyl]carbonylmethyl]-2-[3(S)- (4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl)-4(R)-(propen-l-yl)azetidin-2-on-l-yl]acetic acid N-(3- trifluoromethylbenzyl) amide.
• Example 237 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with Example 34K, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4- (piperidinyl)piperidine.
• Example 237 exhibited an 1H NMR spectrum consistent with the assigned structure.
• Example 6 was prepared using the procedure of Example 6, except that N- benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartic acid ⁇ - ⁇ -butyl ester monohydrate was replaced with the coresponding benzyl protected cycteine analog, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl amine was replaced with 4-[2-(piperid-l-yl)ethyl]piperidine.
• Step 1 N-iButyloxycarbonyl-(S)-(benzyl)-D-cysteine-[4-(2-(l- piperidyl)ethyl)]piperidinenamide.
• Step 3 Using the general procedures described herein, the imine prepared from (S)-(benzyl)-D-cysteine-[4-(2-(l-piperidyl)ethyl)]piperidinenamide, dihydrochloride (0.417 g, 0.90 mmole) and cinnamaldehyde, in the presence on triethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.87 mmole), was combined with 2-(4(S)-phenyloxazolidin-2-on-3-yl) acetyl chloride (Example 1) to give 0.484 g (76%) of Example 238 as an off-white solid after recrytallization from dichloromethane/hexanes.

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