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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms
  • C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms with aliphatic 1-olefins containing one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
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  • C08L23/142—Copolymers of propene at least partially crystalline copolymers of propene with other olefins
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
  • C08L23/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
  • C08L23/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
  • C08L23/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber; Homopolymers or copolymers of other iso-olefins
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
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  • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
  • C08L2207/02—Heterophasic composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a cross-linked thermoplastic and elastomeric polyolefm composition having low hardness and reduced compression set and to the process for its preparation.
• said composition is especially useful for applications wherein softness and capability to be easily formed even into articles of reduced thickness is desired, like for the production of wire and cable sheaths, auto interior skins, synthetic leather and extruded profiles.
• compositions are obtained by cross-linking, in the presence of free radical initiators like organic peroxides, compositions containing a propylene homopolymer or copolymer, an elastomeric olefin copolymer and a crystalline, highly isotactic polymer of butene-1.
• paraffin oil is used to improve the rheological properties of the compositions.
• One problem presented by such known technical solution is that the so obtained compositions are somewhat tacky, due to surface migration of the paraffin oil, and said tackiness reveals itself in time.
• the present invention provides a cross-linked composition obtained by cross-linking a polyolefm composition (I) comprising, all percentages being by weight:
• butene-1 derived units of 75% or more, preferably of 80%> or more, more preferably of 84% or more, even more preferably of 90% or more;
• flexural modulus 100 MPa or less, preferably 60 MPa or less, more preferably 30 MPa or less; and optionally,
• composition (I) the amounts of A), B), C) and D) are referred to the total weight of A) + B) + C) and optionally D), and when D) is present, the total weight of C) + D) is of 50%> or less, referred to the total weight of A) + B) + C) + D).
• compositions Due to their highly favorable rheological properties, such compositions can be easily processed in the molten state, without requiring any processing aid.
• copolymer refers to both polymers with two different recurring units and polymers with more than two different recurring units in the chain, such as terpolymers.
• such component (A) is typically crystalline.
• crystalline is meant herein a polymer having high cristallinity, and consequently having a solubility in xylene at room temperature of lower than 20% by weight.
• the homopolymer (Al) has a preferred solubility in xylene at room temperature lower than 10% by weight, more preferably lower than 5%, and even more preferably lower than 3%.
• room temperature is meant herein a temperature of about 25°C.
• the copolymer of propylene (A2) has a preferred solubility in xylene at room temperature lower than 15% by weight, more preferably lower than 10%, and even more preferably lower than 8%.
• Said ⁇ -olefm is preferably ethylene, butene-1, pentene-1, 4-methylpentene, hexene- 1, octene-1 or any combinations thereof, and even more preferably the copolymer of propylene (A2) is a copolymer of propylene and ethylene.
• the polypropylene component (A) has a MFR (Melt Flow Rate) value from 5 to 70 g/10 min.
• the copolymer (B) preferably has a value of intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the fraction soluble in xylene at room temperature from 3.5 to 7 dl/g.
• the polypropylene component (A) and the copolymer (B) of the polyolefin composition (I) can be prepared by separate polymerization processes or by sequential polymerisation in at least two stages.
• a sequential polymerisation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a trialkylaluminum compound, optionally an electron donor, and a solid catalyst component comprising a halide or halogen-alcoholate of Ti and an electron-donor compound supported on anhydrous magnesium chloride, as described for example in WO2007042375.
• the component (C) is a butene-1 (co) polymer typically exhibiting from elastomeric to plastomeric behaviour and can be a homopolymer or a copolymer of butene-1 with one or more ⁇ -olefms (different from butene-1).
• Particularly preferred as comonomers are propylene and ethylene.
• the Component (C) is preferably selected from the group consisting of:
• isotactic pentads from 25 to 55%, preferably from 35 to 55%;
• (C2) a butene-1 polymer, in particular a butene-1 /ethylene copolymer or a butene- 1 /ethylene/propylene terpolymer having the following properties: distribution of molecular weights (Mw/Mn) measured by GPC lower than 3.5, preferably lower than 3;
• Tmll melting point
• component (C) has a low crystallinity (less than 40% measured via X-ray, preferably less than 30%>).
• component (C) has a density of 0.899 g/cm 3 or less, more preferably of 0.895 g/cm 3 or less.
• the butene-1 (co)polymer (C2) can have a measurable melting enthalpy after aging. Particularly, measured after 10 days of aging at room temperature, the melting enthalpy of (C2) can be of less than 25 J/g, preferably of from 4 to 20 J/g.
• the butene-1 (co)polymer (CI) can be prepared by polymerization of the monomers in the presence of a low stereospecificity Ziegler-Natta catalyst comprising (i) a solid component comprising a Ti compound and an internal electron-donor compound supported on MgCl 2 ; (ii) an alkylaluminum compound and, optionally, (iii) an external electron-donor compound.
• the external electron donor compound is not used in order not to increase the stereoregulating capability of the catalyst. In cases in which the external donor is used, its amount and modalities of use should be such as not to generate a too high amount of highly stereoregular polymer, such as described in the International application WO2006/042815 Al .
• the butene-1 (co)polymer (C2) can be obtained by polymerizing the monomer(s) in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by contacting:
• the polymerization process for the preparation of the butene-1 (co)polymer (C) can be carried out according to known techniques, for example slurry polymerization using as diluent a liquid inert hydrocarbon, or solution polymerization using for example the liquid butene-1 as a reaction medium.
• the polymerization carried out in the liquid butene-1 as a reaction medium is preferred.
• the polymerization temperature is generally comprised between -100°C and +200°C, preferably from 20 to 120°C, more preferably from 40 to 90°C, most preferably from 50°C to 80°C.
• the polymerization pressure is generally comprised between 0.5 and 100 bar.
• the polymerization can be carried out in one or more reactors that can work under same or different reaction conditions such as concentration of molecular weight regulator, comonomer concentration, external electron donor concentration, temperature, pressure etc.
• Component (D) is typically elastomeric or plastomeric.
• Component (D) is generally selected from olefin polymers, in particular copolymers containing more than 50% by weight of ethylene and at least one a-olefin comonomer (different from ethylene) and copolymers containing more than 50% by weight of propylene and at least one a-olefin comonomer (different from propylene).
• ⁇ -olefin comonomers examples are those already given for components (A) and (C).
• preferred comonomers are butene-1 and octene-1
• preferred comonomers are ethylene and butene-1
• component (D) is selected from the following copolymers, or their combinations: i) ethylene copolymers containing up to 45% by weight, in particular from 10 to 42% by weight, of at least one ⁇ -olefin comonomer (different from ethylene), preferably a C 4 - Cio ⁇ -olefin or a combination thereof;
• propylene copolymers containing up to 40% by weight, preferably from 20 to 40% by weight, of at least one ⁇ -olefin comonomer (different from propylene), preferably ethylene or a C 4 -Cio a-olefin, or a combination thereof.
• R is a C 2 _8 linear or branched alkyl.
• Specific examples are butene-1 , pentene-1 , hexene-1 , 4-methylpentene and octene-1. Buene-1 and octene-1 are preferred for copolymer i), while ethylene and butene-1 are preferred for copolymer ii).
• the said copolymers i) and ii) have typically a density from 0.850 to 0.890 g/cm 3 , in particular from 0.855 to 0.885 g/cm 3 .
• the said copolymers i) and ii) have typically Shore A hardness values equal to or lower than 80 points, preferably equal to or lower than 70 points.
• copolymers i) is Tafmer A-1050S®, made available on the market by Mitsui Chemicals.
• copolymers i) are the plastomers Exxact ® and Engage ®, made available on the market by ExxonMobil Chemical and Dow Chemical.
• copolymers ii) is Tafmer S4030®, made available on the market by Mitsui Chemicals.
• copolymers ii) are the plastomers Vistamaxx ® and Versify ®, made available on the market by ExxonMobil Chemical and Dow Chemical. Preferred amounts of the said copolymers are from 20 to 80%, in particular from 30 to 70%, most preferably from 40 to 60% by weight of i) and from 20 to 80%, in particular from 30 to 70%), most preferably from 40 to 60%> by weight of ii), said amounts being referred to the total weight of i) and ii).
• the polyolefin composition (I) can be prepared according to conventional methods in known apparatuses, for example blending components A), B), C) and optionally D) or concentrates thereof in a Henschel or a Banbury mixer or in an extruder, in particular a twin-screw extruder, to uniformly disperse the said components, at a temperature equal to or higher than the polymer melt or softening temperature, followed by pelletizing.
• An example of concentrate is the product of the previously explained sequential polymerization, comprising components A) and B).
• additives such as nucleating agents, extension oils, mineral fillers, and organic and inorganic pigments.
• the cross-linked composition of the present invention is obtainable by blending the polyolefin composition (I) with a cross-linking additive and heating the thus obtained blend at a temperature above the melting temperature of component A), preferably at a temperature from 160 to 250°C.
• the polyolefin composition (I) can also be prepared in the same apparatus used to carry out the cross-linking step, without going through pelletizing before cross-linking.
• the cross-linked polyolefin composition of the present invention is typically prepared by dynamic cross-linking.
• Said dynamic cross-linking consists of subjecting the above described polyolefin composition (I) to a blending process at a temperature higher than or equal to the polymer softening or melting point, in the presence of a cross-linking additive, which can be added before, during or after the first blending step, continuing said blending during the cross-linking step.
• a cross-linking additive which can be added before, during or after the first blending step, continuing said blending during the cross-linking step.
• component (A) is typically operated at a temperature above the melting temperature of component (A), preferably at a temperature from 160 to 250°C.
• any cross-linking additive known in the art can be used for the preparation of the cross-linked polyolefin composition of the present invention.
• cross- linking additives comprising organic peroxides, preferably having a half-life in the ethylene- propylene-diene rubbers (EPDM) ranging from 3.3 to 20 minutes, more preferably from 7 to 18 minutes at 160 °C.
• peroxides are: l,l'-bis(tert-butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene; dicumyl peroxide; n-butyl-4,4'-bis(tert-butylperoxy)valerate; 2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)2,5- dimethylhexane, 2,5-dimetyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)fiexane.
• the peroxides are generally used in quantities ranging from 0.5 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin composition (I).
• cross-linking co-agents are generally used.
• Preferred examples of cross-linking co-agents are divinylbenzene, ethylvinylbenzene, triallyl cyanurate, tryallyl isocyanurate, 1,2- polybutadiene, acrylates, methacrylates and furan derivatives.
• furan derivatives are l,5-difurfuryl-l,4-pentadiene-3-one; beta ( alpha - furyl)acrolein; 5-( alpha -furyl)pentadienal; alpha -furylacrylamide; alpha -furylacrylonitrile; beta -( alpha - fury l)acry lie acid and its esters; furfurylidene esters.
• the cross- linking additive can contain further cross-linking co-agents, such as phenylene-bis-maleimide and/or sulfur donors, such as mercaptobenzothiazole, benzothiazyl disulfide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram hexasulfide, ⁇ , ⁇ '-diethylthiourea, amylphenol disulfide, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate.
• the cross-linking co-agents are added in quantities generally ranging from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin composition (I).
• Strand surface quality the surface quality is considered visually as existence of melt fracture on strand surface. Strand surface quality "good” and “excellent” indicate that no melt fracture is evident and the strand surface is smooth or very smooth.
• Comonomer contents determined by IR spectroscopy or by NMR (when specified). Particularly for the butene-1 copolymers component (C) the amount of comonomers was calculated from 13 C-NMR spectra of the copolymers of the examples. Measurements were performed on a polymer solution (8-12 wt%) in dideuterated 1 ,1,2,2-tetrachloro-ethane at 120 °C. The 13 C NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker AV-600 spectrometer operating at 150.91 MHz in the Fourier transform mode at 120 °C using a 90° pulse, 15 seconds of delay between pulses and CPD (WALTZ 16) to remove 1H- 13 C coupling. About 1500 transients were stored in 32K data points using a spectral window of 60 ppm (0-60 ppm).
• PE 100 (I 5 + I 6 )/ ⁇
• the molar content is obtained from diads using the following relations:
• Ii, I 2 , I 3 , I 5 , I 6 , I9, , Iio, Ii4, lis, Ii9 are integrals of the peaks in the 13 C NMR spectrum (peak of EEE sequence at 29.9 ppm as reference).
• the assignments of these peaks are made according to J.C. Randal, Macromol. Chem Phys., C29, 201 (1989), M. Kakugo, Y. Naito, K. Mizunuma and T. Miyatake, Macromolecules, 15, 1150, (1982), and H.N. Cheng, Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Physics Edition, 21, 57 (1983). They are collected in Table A (nomenclature according to C.J. Carman, R.A. Harrington and C.E. Wilkes, Macromolecules, 10, 536 (1977)). Table A.
• the percent by weight of polymer insoluble in xylene at ambient temperature is considered the isotactic index of the polymer. This value corresponds substantially to the isotactic index determined by extraction with boiling n-heptane, which by definition constitutes the isotactic index of polypropylene.
• the filtrate temperature is balanced at 25°C, dipping the volumetric flask in a water-flowing bath for about 30 minutes and then, divided in two 50 ml aliquots.
• the solution aliquots are evaporated in nitrogen flow, and the residue dried under vacuum at 80° C until constant weight is reached. The weight difference in between the two residues must be lower than 3%; otherwise the test has to be repeated.
• Tmll (measured in second heating run): A weighted sample (5-10 mg) obtained from the polymerization was sealed into aluminum pans and heated at 200°C with a scanning speed corresponding to 20°C/minute. The sample was kept at 200°C for 5 minutes to allow a complete melting of all the crystallites. Successively, after cooling to-20°C with a scanning speed corresponding to 10°C/minute, the peak temperature was taken as crystallization temperature (Tc). After standing 5 minutes at -20°C, the sample was heated for the second time at 200°C with a scanning speed corresponding to 10°C/min. In this second heating run, the peak temperature was taken as the melting temperature of the PB-1 crystalline form II (Tmll) and the area as global melting enthalpy ( ⁇ ).
• the melting enthalpy after 10 days was measured as follows by using the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (D.S.C.) on an Perkin Elmer DSC-7 instrument: A weighted sample (5-10 mg) obtained from the polymerization was sealed into aluminum pans and heated at 200°C with a scanning speed corresponding to 20°C/minute. The sample was kept at 200°C for 5 minutes to allow a complete melting of all the crystallites. The sample was then stored for 10 days at room temperature. After 10 days the sample was subjected to DSC, it was cooled to -20°C, and then it was heated at 200°C with a scanning speed corresponding to 10°C/min. In this heating run, the first peak temperature coming from the lower temperature side in the thermogram was taken as the melting temperature (Tm), and the area as global melting enthalpy after 10 days ( ⁇ ), when this was the only peak observed.
• Tm melting temperature
• ⁇ global melting enthalpy after 10 days
• the melting temperature of crystalline form I (Tml) can also be measured in this condition when present either as a shoulder peak in the (Tm) peak or as a distinct peak at higher temperatures.
• the 13 C NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker DPX-400 (100.61 Mhz, 90° pulse, 12s delay between pulses). About 3000 transients were stored for each spectrum; mmmm pentad peak (27.73 ppm) was used as reference.
• microstructure analysis was carried out as described in literature (Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2334-2340, by Asakura T. et Al. . and Polymer, 1994, 35, 339, by Chujo R. et AL).
• the percentage value of pentad tacticity is the percentage of stereoregular pentads (isotactic pentad) as calculated from the relevant pentad signals (peak areas) in the NMR region of branched methylene carbons (around 27.73 ppm assigned to the BBBBB isotactic sequence), with due consideration of the superposition between stereoirregular pentads and of those signals, falling in the same region, due to the alfa-olefin comonomer (e.g propylene derived units when present).
• the filtrate (concentration 0.08-1.2g/l injection volume 300 ⁇ ) is subjected to GPC. Monodisperse fractions of polystyrene (provided by Polymer Laboratories) were used as standard.
• composition (A+B) prepared by analogy with the examples of WO2007042375, is used to prepare a cross-linked polyolefm composition according to the present invention.
• composition (A+B) has a MFR of 0.6 g/ 10 min. and is made of (percentages by weight):
• the content of xylene-soluble fraction of composition (A+B) is of 56% by weight, and the intrinsic viscosity of such fraction is of 4 dl/g.
• the content of xylene-soluble fraction of component B) is of 78%> by weight, with an intrinsic viscosity of 4.1 dl/g.
• Butene-1 /ethylene copolymer containing 8.5% by weight of ethylene having the following properties:
• Such copolymer was prepared using a catalyst and a polymerization process as described in WO2009/000637.
• Ethylene copolymer containing 30% by weight of butene-1 sold by Mitsui Chemicals with the trademark Tafmer A-1050S.
• Such copolymer has the following properties:
• Peroxide Perhexa 25B®, consisting of 2,5-dimetyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane (CAS No. 78-63-7) sold by NOF CORPORATION
• DVB-570® consisting of 61-65% of divinylbenzene (CAS No. 1321-74-0), 35- 39% of ethylvinylbenzene (CAS No. 28106-30-1) sold by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., ltd Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative 1 and 2
• Cross-linking is carried out dynamically operating in a twin-screw extruder with a screw length/diameter ratio of 30.
• the polymer components and the cross-linking additive indicated in Table 1 are fed in the first blending zone. Connected to this blending zone is an area where the gas deriving from the decomposition of the peroxide are measured.
• Cross-linking is carried out through two consecutive blending zones.
• the blending times and temperatures used in the cross-linking process of the examples range respectively from 45 to 120 seconds and from 140 °C to 220 °C.
• a conventional stabilizing package is added in the mixer to prevent thermal degradation and oxidation of the polyolefin composition.

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