WO2012000389A1 - 自动自发气调保鲜系统及其保鲜果蔬的方法 - Google Patents
自动自发气调保鲜系统及其保鲜果蔬的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012000389A1 WO2012000389A1 PCT/CN2011/075864 CN2011075864W WO2012000389A1 WO 2012000389 A1 WO2012000389 A1 WO 2012000389A1 CN 2011075864 W CN2011075864 W CN 2011075864W WO 2012000389 A1 WO2012000389 A1 WO 2012000389A1
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- gas
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping system and a fresh-keeping method.
- the loss rate is as high as 25% - 30%.
- the loss rate of fruits and vegetables in developed countries is below 5%.
- the traditional combined air-conditioning library although it can keep fresh fruits and vegetables for a long time, can only be preserved in a single variety, and can not be mixed with high- and low-carbon fruits and vegetables.
- the equipment of the air-conditioning warehouse is complex, costly and energy-intensive. The cost of fresh-keeping vegetables is high, and there is no market. farmers will change the air-conditioning warehouse into a cold storage.
- the container should be converted into a listed container for listing.
- the oxygen in the library is small, personnel should be equipped with oxygen equipment.
- the present invention provides an automatic spontaneous atmosphere fresh-keeping system and a method for preserving fresh fruits and vegetables, and the technical problem of large loss of fruit and vegetable to post-harvest storage and transportation, high cost of a gas storage, single function, and inconvenient storage of fruits and vegetables is solved.
- This automatic spontaneous atmosphere preservation system includes a fruit and vegetable processing workshop and a modified atmosphere storage library.
- the modified atmosphere storage warehouse is divided into three parts according to the temperature, respectively: 0 ° C ⁇ - 20 ° C cold storage, 2 ° C ⁇ 7 ° C cold storage, 10 ° C low temperature storage, on the ground inside the modified atmosphere storage
- the tray is placed, and the air conditioning box is placed on the tray; the system also includes an air conditioning working room set outside the modified atmosphere storage room, an air conditioning working table in the air conditioning working room, and a gas conditioning instrument on the air conditioning working table.
- One end of the gas meter is connected to the gas cylinder, and the other end is connected with the gas-filled main pipe.
- the gas-filled main pipe is connected with a total gas-reducing diameter reducing piece, and the gas-filled main pipe is connected with each gas-filling pipe branch by the pipe joint, and the gas-filled branch pipe and the gas-filled tank cover are attached. Vent connection, a gas-filled valve on the gas-filled branch pipe and Check valve
- the bottom of the box, the wall of the box and the cover of the air-conditioning box are provided with air holes, and an automatic air-conditioning plug is inserted into the air hole; the automatic air-conditioning plug is adjusted by the first long gas, the second long gas, and the bottom gas Plug composition
- the first long gas plug is a T-shaped hollow cylinder, and a top cover is connected to the top surface thereof, and 3-7 air-conditioning holes are arranged in the center of the top cover, and a vent hole is opened in the center of the bottom surface, and a side is opened at the center of the bottom side. a hole, a cotton ball is disposed between the side hole and the vent hole inside the cylinder;
- the second long gas plug is a T-shaped hollow cylinder, and a top cover is connected to the top surface thereof, and 3-7 air-conditioning holes are arranged in the center of the top cover, and the bottom surface thereof is sealed, and a side hole is opened in a middle portion thereof. a cotton ball is disposed between the side hole inside the cylinder and the top cover;
- the bottom of the tank is a T-shaped hollow cylinder, and a top cover is connected to the top surface thereof, and 3-7 air-conditioning holes are arranged in the center of the top cover, and a vent hole is arranged in the center of the bottom surface, and a cotton ball is arranged inside the cylinder. .
- a sealing buckle is connected between the box of the air conditioning box and the cover.
- the bottom surface of the first long gas regulating plug is concave; the bottom surface of the bottom gas regulating plug is also concave, and a slit is formed on the side wall of the cylinder extending downward on both sides of the venting hole, the above air conditioning
- the number of holes is five.
- the top cover structure of the bottom gas regulating plug, the first long gas plug and the second long gas plug is the same, the center of the top cover has an inner groove, and the bottom surface of the inner groove is raised outward, gas
- the tuning holes are distributed on the bottom surface of the groove of the inner groove.
- top cover of the bottom gas regulating plug, and the colors of the first long gas plug and the second long gas plug top cover are different.
- Step 1 Prepare the automatic air-conditioning plug. Firstly, the first long gas plug, the second long gas plug, and the bottom gas plug are immersed in the liquid until the cotton ball in the gas plug absorbs the liquid and blocks the vent hole. And air-conditioning holes;
- Step 2 Packing fruits and vegetables, and installing a gas plug in the air hole of the gas box containing the fruit, completely inserting the bottom gas plug into the air hole at the bottom of the air conditioning box; adjusting the first long gas and the second a long gas plug is inserted into a wall of the air conditioning box or a part of the cover to expose the side hole;
- Step 3 After the fruits and vegetables are packed, they are transported to the air-conditioning workbench, and the gas is filled into the air-conditioning box by the gas cylinder, and the air in the air-conditioning box is replaced;
- Step 4 Put the gas box according to different fruit and vegetable varieties into the cold storage of different temperature of the fresh-keeping fresh-keeping warehouse, and place the air-conditioning box on the tray on the ground of the modified atmosphere storage tank, and perform spontaneous gas-conditioning in the modified atmosphere storage warehouse; After the moisture of the cotton ball inside the three gas regulating plugs evaporates, the gas venting plug at the bottom of the tank and the venting hole on the first long gas plug are opened by themselves, and the gas regulating hole on the second long gas regulating plug is opened by itself, and the gas is automatically opened. The excess carbon dioxide produced by the respiration of the fruit in the box is discharged, so that the fruit in the gas box continues to be kept fresh;
- Step 5 When the air conditioning box is transferred from the modified atmosphere storage warehouse to the listed logistics, the automatic air-conditioning on the box is changed into a large displacement, according to different Fruit and temperature conditions, manually plug the first long gas or the second long gas or simultaneously insert the first long gas plug and the second long gas plug into the air hole of the air conditioning box wall or the cover , exhaust more carbon dioxide gas in the gas box, so that the fruit in the gas box continues to be fresh;
- Step 6 After the fruit is put on the market, open the top cover of the air conditioning box for small package sale. After the cover is covered, the air conditioning box will automatically replenish water under the temperature difference;
- the liquid that is immersed in the gas plug is purified water or ozone water.
- the bottom of the box of the gas regulating box has one air hole
- the wall of the box has two air holes
- the box cover has two air holes
- two air holes of the air conditioning box cover are used for the air conditioner to the box.
- Inflatable the other is used to run the gas, first install the air-conditioning plug at the bottom of the air-conditioning box and the air-hole of the box wall, so that a carbon dioxide-rich and oxygen-free environment is formed in the air-conditioning box, and then the air-conditioning plug of the air-conditioning box cover is installed.
- step 6 the gas regulating plug is recycled and reused after the fruit is sold.
- the invention combines the spontaneous gas atmosphere box and the cold environment on the basis of the spontaneous gas-conditioning and fresh-keeping technology of fruits and vegetables, and proposes an automatic spontaneous gas-conditioning fresh-keeping technology, which can replace the traditional air-conditioning library fresh-keeping function.
- the air conditioner plug is installed on the air conditioning box, and the 0 2 and C 0 2 gases in the box can be automatically adjusted according to the breathing amount and physiological requirements of the fruits and vegetables.
- Fruits and vegetables are enclosed in a gas-regulating box.
- the gas content of 0 2 gas and C0 2 in the tank is adjusted at a certain temperature to meet the technical requirements for gas storage and logistics. .
- the air-conditioning effect of the air-conditioning box is the basis of its fresh-keeping.
- the atmosphere is adjusted to effectively control the aging of fruits and vegetables to achieve fresh-keeping purposes.
- the air conditioning box can keep the evaporated water in the box, and the bottom of the box can also store some water. Under the temperature difference, the fruits and vegetables can automatically replenish water, creating a high humidity environment (about 95% humidity) for fruits and vegetables. In the transport test, leaf water loss rate is less than 1%-5%.
- the invention adopts a gas regulating box to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables, and can automatically spontaneously adjust the atmosphere.
- the gas in the gas regulating box can be adjusted to low oxygen, so that the preserved fruits and vegetables are in a low temperature and low oxygen dormant state. Slow growth, so as to achieve the purpose of preservation of fruits and vegetables.
- the air conditioning box can store high and low carbon varieties of fruits and vegetables, stored in a cold storage, and can be placed in the library 1000- 2000 air-conditioning boxes, the automatic air-conditioning on the box is inserted under the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the box, and the gas is exchanged to realize the fresh-keeping technical parameters.
- the fruits and vegetables have different fresh days.
- the cherries can be stored in the 0 degree warehouse for more than 60 days to maintain the original taste.
- the storage capacity can reach 5 tons to 10 tons.
- the innovative method of modified atmosphere preservation firstly according to the fresh-keeping process, the fruits and vegetables are packed, placed in a cold storage, and spontaneously adjusted. After packing high and low-carbon fruits and vegetables, in order to achieve the preservation technology parameters as soon as possible, the gas meter is used to charge the co 2 gas. Make it achieve ⁇ C0 2 , low 0 2 preservation purposes.
- the air-conditioning box is transferred from the cold storage to the listed logistics, the automatic air-conditioning plug on the box should become a large displacement, so that it can adapt to the temperature change and cause the increase of the breathing capacity of fruits and vegetables. Prevent the lack of o 2 breathing and achieve safe listing.
- shelf life management After the air conditioning box is listed, as long as the upper cover is opened and the small package is sold, the cover can be automatically replenished after the cover is closed, thereby extending the shelf life.
- the fresh-keeping processing station can process up to 1,000 boxes per day, and the gas-conditioning box trays are listed on the market.
- the air conditioning box is placed in the cold storage, and the fresh-controlled fresh-keeping fruits and vegetables (so named "automatic spontaneous air conditioning library”) can replace the traditional air conditioning library, saving cost and energy consumption. At the same time, it can also prevent gas hazards.
- the invention organically combines a gas box to keep fresh, vacuum preservation, salt preservation, sliced food preservation, various preservation techniques, adapts to the structure of China's agricultural industry, and fully utilizes equipment to achieve high efficiency, energy saving and reduction. List the purpose.
- the invention can improve the automation degree of the domestic traditional agriculture, realize the organic combination of pre- and post-production post-processing, promote the development of modern agriculture, and transfer the agricultural population to the fresh-keeping processing industry.
- the automatic self-preserving fresh-fruit and vegetable technology and equipment can adapt to the current situation of agricultural development in China, and can replace the functions of air-conditioning and plastic wrap.
- the cost of the gas box is low and can be recycled for 2 years to achieve energy saving and emission reduction.
- the atmosphere box can be developed to standardization and serialization.
- the technical indicators for the modern agricultural fruit and vegetable market loss rate will be reduced from 25-30% to less than 10%.
- the invention can be widely used in the fields of preservation of fruits, vegetables, flowers and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a factory building using an automatic spontaneous atmosphere fresh-keeping system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gas adjustment workbench.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the placement form of the air conditioning box in the air conditioning warehouse.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the air conditioning box after the air conditioning plug is installed.
- FIG. 5 is a side view and a cross-sectional structural view of a tank bottom plug.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a top cover.
- FIG. 7 is a side view and a cross-sectional structural view of the first long gas regulating plug.
- FIG 8 is a side view and a cross-sectional structural view of a second long gas plug.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing changes in gas in a gas atmosphere box when S. chinensis and Kale are spontaneously adjusted.
- FIG. 10 is a table showing changes in gas in a gas conditioning box of a strawberry during a storage test.
- the fruit and vegetable processing workshop may include a modified atmosphere working room 28, a box cleaning room 31, a clean storage box 32, a divided vegetable working room 29, fruits and vegetables.
- the processing workshop 30, the bathroom 33, the changing lounge 34, the well and water treatment room 35, the distribution room 36, the guard room 37, and the passage 38 are disposed in the middle.
- the modified atmosphere storage is divided into three parts according to the temperature, respectively: 0°C ⁇ -20°C cold storage 25, 2°C ⁇ 7°C cold storage 26, 10° C low temperature library 27, the tray 39 is placed on the ground inside the modified atmosphere storage, the gas box 13 ⁇ placed on the tray.
- an air-conditioning workbench 24 is disposed in the air-conditioning workroom 28, and a gas-control instrument 16 is disposed on the air-conditioning workbench.
- One end of the air-conditioner is connected to the gas cylinder 17, and one end is connected to the gas-filled manifold 18.
- the gas-filled manifold 18 is connected to the total gas-regulating reducer 23, and the gas-filled manifold 18 is connected to each of the gas-filled branch pipes 20 by a pipe joint 19, and the gas-filled branch pipe 20 is connected with the gas hole of the gas-box 13 lid, and the gas-filled branch pipe 20 is provided.
- the bottom of the box, the wall of the box and the cover of the air conditioning box 13 are provided with air holes, and the air hole is inserted with an automatic air conditioning plug; the air conditioning plug of the group is adjusted by the first long gas, Two long gas plugs 2, and a bottom gas plug 3 are composed.
- a sealing buckle 15 is connected between the casing of the air conditioning box 13 and the cover.
- the bottom gas adjusting plug 3 is a T-shaped hollow cylinder, and a top cover 8 is connected to the top surface thereof, and 3-7 air adjusting holes 4 are arranged in the center of the top cover, and the bottom surface of the bottom gas adjusting plug 3 is arranged.
- a vent hole 5 is opened in the center of the bottom surface, and a slit is formed in the side wall of the cylinder extending downward on both sides of the vent hole 5, and a cotton ball 7 is placed inside the cylinder.
- the top cover 8 of the bottom gas damper, the first long gas damper and the second long gas damper have the same structure
- the inner center of the top cover has an inner groove 9, and the groove of the inner groove
- the bottom surface is bulged outward, and five air-conditioning holes are distributed on the bottom surface of the groove of the inner groove.
- the top cover of the bottom gas plug, and the first long gas plug and the second long gas plug top cover are different in color.
- the first long gas plug 1 is a T-shaped hollow cylinder, the top surface of which is connected with a top cover 8, and the center of the top cover is distributed with 3-7 air-conditioning holes 4, the first long gas
- the bottom surface of the plug 1 is concave, and the center of the bottom surface is provided with a venting hole 5, and a side hole 6 is formed in a central portion thereof, and a cotton ball 7 is disposed between the side hole 6 and the vent hole 5 inside the cylinder.
- the second long gas plug 2 is a T-shaped hollow cylinder, and the top surface is connected with a top cover 8 and the center of the top cover is distributed with 3-7 air-conditioning holes 4, and the bottom surface thereof is sealed.
- a side hole 6 is opened in the middle of the side surface, and a cotton ball 7 is disposed between the side hole 6 inside the cylinder and the top cover 8.
- Step one prepare the automatic air-conditioning plug, firstly immerse the first long gas plug 1, the second long gas plug 2, the bottom gas plug 3 in the clean water or the ozone water until the cotton ball in the air conditioner is full. Liquid, blocking the venting hole 5 and the venting hole 4;
- Step 2 Packing fruits and vegetables, and installing a gas regulating plug in the air hole of the air conditioning box containing the fruit, completely inserting the bottom gas adjusting plug 3 into the air hole at the bottom of the air conditioning box;
- the second long gas plug 2 is inserted into a part of the air conditioning box wall or the cover to expose the side hole 6;
- the bottom of the air conditioning box has a air hole, the box wall has two air holes, the box cover has two air holes, the air conditioning box One of the two air holes of the cover is used for the air conditioner to inflate the inside of the box, and the other is used for running the air.
- Step 3 After the fruits and vegetables are packed, they are transported to the air conditioning worktable 24, and the gas adjusting device 16 is filled with the C0 2 gas into the air conditioning box 13, or Directly fill with nitrogen and replace the air in the air conditioning box.
- Step 4 Put the gas box according to different fruit and vegetable varieties into the cold storage of different temperature of the fresh-keeping fresh-keeping warehouse, and place the gas-boxing box on the tray 39 of the atmosphere of the fresh-keeping fresh-keeping warehouse, and perform spontaneous gas-conditioning in the modified atmosphere storage warehouse.
- the bottom gas regulating plug 3 and the venting opening 5 on the first long gas regulating plug 1 are opened by themselves, and the air regulating hole 4 on the second long gas regulating plug is opened. Open it by itself, automatically discharge the excess carbon dioxide generated by the respiration of the fruit in the air conditioning box, so that the fruit in the air conditioning box continues to be in a fresh state;
- Step 5 When the air conditioning box is transferred from the modified atmosphere storage warehouse to the listed logistics, the automatic air-conditioning on the box is changed into a large displacement. According to different fruit and temperature conditions, the first long gas is manually adjusted to 1 or 2 Long gas plug 2 or at the same time, the first long gas plug 1 and the second long gas plug 2 are completely inserted into the air hole of the air conditioning box wall or the cover, and more carbon dioxide gas is exhausted from the air conditioning box. The fruit in the atmosphere box continues to be in a fresh state;
- Step 6 After the fruit is released, open the top cover of the air conditioning box for small package sale. After the cover is covered, the air conditioning box will automatically replenish water under the temperature difference.
- the air conditioning library should pay attention to ventilation, so that the oxygen content in the air in the reservoir is maintained at about 21%. Ensure gas exchange in the gas box. There is enough oxygen to prevent the lack of oxygen in the box. When the temperature is increased, the amount of breathing of fruits and vegetables will increase, and the amount of intake and exhaust should be increased in the tank.
- the 4-6 automatic air-conditioning strain gauges installed on the box are large displacements to prevent gas hazards.
- the air conditioning box should be arranged in the automatic spontaneous air conditioning warehouse processing room, which is beneficial to the fresh-keeping effect of the air conditioning box.
- the gas box should be placed in the cold storage before entering the market. After opening the shelf on the air conditioning box, the fruits and vegetables can be replenished. If there is water shortage, it can be replenished at the bottom of the box.
- the cabinet is closed at night, and the fruits and vegetables in the box can be replenished automatically. After the fruit is sold, the gas plug is recycled for repeated use.
- the gas regulating box is placed in vegetables (such as sassafras, sage, kale, and color pepper) according to the process requirements of fresh vegetables.
- vegetables such as sassafras, sage, kale, and color pepper
- 4 long gas plugs are installed on the box, and 4 long air conditioners are adjusted.
- the plug is sealed with a cotton ball soaked in liquid, and a bottom gas plug is installed at the bottom.
- Use a gas cylinder to exhaust the C0 2 gas in the gas box.
- the four liquid sealed air conditioning plugs under the action of air heat, automatically open the venting hole for the inlet and exhaust exchange, and automatically adjust the 0 in the air conditioning box under the temperature difference.
- 2 gas and C0 2 gas excess C0 2 gas runs out from the bottom of the tank to achieve the goal of low carbon preservation.
- the Artemisia argyi and the kale are placed in a 35 liter air conditioner, and spontaneous gas modulation is performed at a temperature of 3 to 7 ° C.
- the test results show that the carbon dioxide content in the gas box at the start of the atmosphere adjustment is Zero, vegetable storage 0 ⁇ 5 days, the venting hole is gradually opened, the amount of carbon dioxide in the box gradually rises, and then remains stable.
- the regulation of the carbon dioxide content of the gas box is very significant.
- Vegetables can be fresh-keeping for 15 days, fresh-keeping for 10 days, and the carton can only be kept fresh for 5 days.
- Example 2 a pilot test of strawberry gas box storage, as shown in Figure 10,
- a new method of fresh-keeping strawberries using a gas-filled box was used to test the strawberry varieties.
- the strawberries were picked and placed in a plastic box lined with absorbent paper (6 kg, 12 small boxes), and loaded into an atmosphere box with no components at 0 °C.
- Pre-cooling install the gas plug on the next day, seal and charge C0 2 gas.
- the C0 2 gas in the tank is basically maintained at 15%-18%, and the 0 2 is basically maintained at 3% or more.
- the test results maintained the original color and taste, and the food was safe.
- the gas box is filled with 13% ⁇ 14% of C0 2 gas, stored for 10 days, the fruit rate is 93.9%, and the 24-hour shelf life rate is 90.8%, which basically maintains the original color and taste. It is safer to eat without using a preservative.
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Description
自动自发气调保鲜系统及其保鲜果蔬的方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种果蔬保鲜系统及保鲜方法。
背景技术
[0002] 当前， 我国果蔬产后保鲜， 每年果蔬的损失浪费率十分惊人。 损失率高达 25%— 30%。 而发达国家的果蔬损失率在 5%以下。
[0003] 传统的冷藏库保鲜果蔬， 不能混装高、 低碳果蔬， 保鲜天数短， 单一果蔬保鲜均放 置于货架上， 占用空间较大， 果蔬要进行二次分装， 果蔬损失大， 成本高。
[0004] 传统的组合式气调库， 虽然能长时间保鲜果蔬， 但只能单一品种保鲜， 不能高、 低 碳果蔬混装保鲜。 气调库的设备较为复杂， 成本高、 耗能大。 保鲜蔬菜成本高、 没市场， 农 户将气调库改成冷库使用。
[0005] 传统的气调库还存在以下缺点：
1、 需要货架和存放容器。
[0006] 2、 容器要改装成上市货箱上市。
[0007] 3、 库外需装有制氮、 补水机等设备。
[0008] 4、 库内氧气少， 人员进库要备有补氧器材。
[0009] 5、 库门开放后， 要开机 24时才能实现气调参数。
[0010] 6、 单一品种贮存， 定期上市用户不方便、 成本高。
[0011] 本发明提出的一种新的果蔬保鲜系统及保鲜方法， 用以替代传统的气调库保鲜。 发明内容
[0012] 本发明提供一种自动自发气调保鲜系统及其保鲜果蔬的方法， 要解决果蔬产后到贮 运上市损失大、 气调库成本高、 功能单一、 果蔬存储不方便的技术问题。
[0013] 本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
这种自动自发气调保鲜系统， 包括果蔬加工车间和气调保鲜库，
所述气调保鲜库按照温度不同分为三部分， 分别为： 0°C〜- 20°C冷库， 2°C〜7°C冷库、 10°C 低温库， 气调保鲜库内的地面上放置有托盘， 气调箱垛放于托盘上； 该系统还包括在气调保 鲜库外设置的气调工作间， 气调工作间内有气调工作台， 气调工作台上有气调仪， 气调仪一 端与气瓶连接， 另一端与充气总管连接， 充气总管上连接有总气调变径件， 充气总管再由管 接头与各个充气支管连接， 充气支管与气调箱箱盖上的气孔连接， 充气支管上设有气调阀和
单向阀；
所述气调箱的箱底、 箱壁和箱盖上开有气孔， 气孔内插有自动气调塞； 自动气调塞由第一长 气调塞、 第二长气调塞， 以及箱底气调塞组成；
所述第一长气调塞为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖， 顶盖中心分布有 3-7个气调孔， 其底面中心开有放气孔， 其侧面中部开有侧孔， 在圆柱体内部的侧孔与放气孔之间置有棉 球；
所述第二长气调塞为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖， 顶盖中心分布有 3-7个气调孔， 其底面封死， 其侧面中部开有侧孔， 在圆柱体内部的侧孔与顶盖之间置有棉球；
所述箱底气调塞为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖， 顶盖中心分布有 3-7个气调孔， 其 底面中心开有放气孔， 在圆柱体内部置有棉球。
[0014] 所述气调箱的箱体和箱盖之间连接有密封卡扣。
[0015] 所述第一长气调塞的底面为内凹形； 箱底气调塞底面也为内凹形， 并在放气孔两侧 向下延伸的圆柱侧壁上开有豁口， 上述气调孔的数量为 5个。
[0016] 所述箱底气调塞、 第一长气调塞和第二长气调塞的顶盖结构相同， 顶盖中心带有内 凹槽， 且内凹槽的槽底面向外隆起， 气调孔分布于内凹槽的槽底面。
[0017] 所述箱底气调塞的顶盖， 以及第一长气调塞和第二长气调塞顶盖的颜色各不相同。
[0018] 这种自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法，
步骤一， 准备自动气调塞， 先将第一长气调塞、 第二长气调塞、 箱底气调塞在液体中浸泡， 直至气调塞内的棉球吸饱液体， 堵住放气孔和气调孔；
步骤二， 果蔬装箱， 并在装有果品的气调箱的气孔中安装气调塞， 将箱底气调塞完全塞入气 调箱箱底的气孔内； 将第一长气调塞和第二长气调塞插入气调箱箱壁或箱盖的一部分， 露出 侧孔；
步骤三， 果蔬装箱后， 运至气调工作台， 用气瓶向气调箱内充入气体， 将气调箱内的空气置 换出来；
步骤四， 将气调箱根据不同的果蔬品种放入气调保鲜库不同温度的冷库内， 气调箱垛放在气 调保鲜库地面的托盘上， 在气调保鲜库中进行自发气调； 待三种气调塞内部的棉球的水分蒸 发后， 箱底气调塞和第一长气调塞上的放气孔自行打开， 第二长气调塞上的气调孔自行打 开， 自动将气调箱内果品呼吸作用产生的多余二氧化碳排出， 使气调箱内的果品继续处于保 鲜状态；
步骤五， 气调箱由气调保鲜库转入上市物流时， 将箱上自动气调塞变为大排气量， 根据不同
果品及温度条件， 手动将第一长气调塞或第二长气调塞或同时将第一长气调塞和第二长气调 塞完全塞入气调箱箱壁或箱盖的气孔内， 排出气调箱内更多的二氧化碳气体， 使气调箱内的 果品继续处于保鲜状态；
步骤六， 果品上市后， 打开气调箱上盖进行小包装出售， 盖箱盖后， 气调箱在温差作用下进 行自动补水；
所述步骤一中， 浸泡气调塞的液体为净水或臭氧水。
[0019] 所述步骤二中， 气调箱的箱底有一个气孔， 箱壁有两个气孔， 箱盖有两个气孔， 气 调箱箱盖的两个气孔一个用于气调仪向箱内充气， 另一个用于跑气， 先安装气调箱箱底气孔 和箱壁气孔的气调塞， 使气调箱内形成富二氧化碳、 少氧的环境， 之后安装气调箱箱盖的气 调塞。
[0020] 所述步骤三中， 用气瓶向气调箱内充入二氧化碳气体或氮气， 将气调箱内的空气置 换出来。
[0021] 所述步骤六中， 气调塞在果品售出后回收重复利用。
[0022] 本发明的有益效果如下：
由于果蔬保鲜需要两个基本条件： 一是， 自动气调； 二是， 冷环境。 根据上述原理， 本发明 在果蔬自发气调保鲜技术的基础上， 将自发气调箱和冷环境相结合， 提出自动自发气调保鲜 技术， 可以替代传统气调库保鲜功能。
[0023] 本发明按照航天空气热力学原理， 将气调塞安装在气调箱上， 可以按照果蔬的呼吸 量和生理要求进行自动调节箱内的 02、 C02气体。 果蔬封存在气调箱内， 利用果蔬自身呼 吸作用和气调塞的功能， 在一定温度下， 自行调节箱内的 02气、 C02气体含量， 使之符合 气调贮藏和物流上市的技术要求。 从而达到延长果蔬贮藏期和上市货架期， 保持果蔬品质的 目的。
[0024] 气调箱所具有的气调效果是其保鲜的基础， 利用果蔬呼吸及箱上自动调节元件调节 进排气量， 使箱内建立起高二氧化碳气体 （15-18% ) 和低氧气 （5%左右） 气调环境从而有 效的控制果蔬的衰老， 达到保鲜目的。 此外， 气调箱可以使蒸发的水分保持在箱内， 箱底还 可蓄一些水， 在温差作用下， 果蔬可以自动补充水分， 为果蔬创造了一个高湿度的环境 （湿 度 95%左右）。 在运输试验中， 叶菜失水率不到 1%-5%。
[0025] 本发明采用气调箱保鲜果蔬， 能够自动自发气调， 同时借助冷库这个技术载体， 气 调箱内气体可以调节到低氧， 使保鲜的果蔬处在低温、 低氧休眠状态下， 缓慢生长， 从而达 到果蔬保鲜的目的。 气调箱可以存放高、 低碳品种果蔬， 贮藏到冷库内， 库内可垛放 1000-
2000 个气调箱， 箱上自动气调塞在箱内外温差作用下， 进行交换气体， 实现保鲜技术参 数， 果蔬不同保鲜天数不同， 樱桃在 0度库内可贮存 60多天， 保持原品味。 库贮量可达到 5吨至 10吨的量。
[0026] 本发明创新的气调保鲜的方法： 先按照保鲜工艺果蔬装箱， 放在冷库内， 进行自发 气调。 高、 低碳果蔬装箱后， 为了尽快达到保鲜技术参数， 用气调仪进行充 co2气体。 使之 实现髙 C02、 低 02保鲜目的。 气调箱由冷库转入上市物流时， 箱上自动气调塞应变成大排 气量， 使之适应温度变化引起果蔬呼吸量加大的要求。 防止缺 o2呼吸， 达到安全上市目 的。 货架期管理： 气调箱上市后， 只要打开上盖， 进行小包装出售后， 盖箱盖后， 可以自动 补水，从而延长货架期。 保鲜加工站每天可加工装箱 1000箱， 气调箱托盘上市多快好省。 冷 库内放置气调箱， 自动气调保鲜果蔬 （故命名为 "自动自发气调库"）， 可代替传统的气调 库， 节省了成本及耗能。 同时， 也能防止气体危害。
[0027]
自动自发气调库与传统的气调库优缺点比较如下:
自动自发气调保鲜果蔬系统及其方法有如下创新效果
( 1 ) 自发气调保鲜箱与冷库结合， 替代传统的气调保鲜库， 可以多品种贮存， 随时出库上 市。 便于用户使用， 节省投资约 40%。
[0028] (2)本发明有机结合了气调箱保鲜、 真空保鲜、 盐渍保鲜、 切分菜保鲜、 多种保鲜 技术， 适应中国农业产业结构， 充分利用设备， 实现了高效益、 节能减排目的。
[0029] (3 )本发明可提升国内传统农业的自动化程度， 实现产前产后深加工有机结合， 促 进现代农业发展， 使农业人口向保鲜加工产业转移。
[0030] (4)适应我国提升农业的产业政策， 项目投资可大可小， 投资 500万元 -3000万
替换页 (细则第 26条)
元， 可以实现当年投资， 当年建成投产。
[0031] 自动自发保鲜果蔬技术和装备， 适应我国农业发展的现状， 可以替代气调库和保鲜 膜的功能。 气调箱成本低、 可以循环使用 2年， 实现节能减排的目的。 气调箱可向标准化、 系列化发展。 实现现代农业果蔬上市损失率由 25-30%下降到 10%以下的技术指标要求。 本 发明可广泛使用在果品， 蔬菜、 花卉等保鲜领域。
附图说明
[0032] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
[0033] 图 1是应用自动自发气调保鲜系统的厂房布局图。
[0034] 图 2是气调工作台的结构示意图。
[0035] 图 3是气调箱在气调库内的放置形式示意图。
[0036] 图 4是气调箱安装气调塞后的结构示意图。
[0037] 图 5是箱底气调塞的侧视及剖视结构示意图。
[0038] 图 6是顶盖的结构示意图。
[0039] 图 7是第一长气调塞的侧视及剖视结构示意图。
[0040] 图 8是第二长气调塞的侧视及剖视结构示意图。
[0041] 图 9是茼蒿、 芥兰进行自发气调时的气调箱内气体变化情况表。
[0042] 图 10是草莓在贮藏试验中气调箱内气体变化情况表。
[0043] 附图标记： 1一第一长气调塞、 2—第二长气调塞、 3—箱底气调塞、 4一气调孔、 5— 放气孔、 6—侧孔、 7—棉球、 8—顶盖、 9一内凹槽、 10—气调档位、 11-放气档位、 12-截止 档位、 13-气调箱、 14-气调箱盖、 15-密封卡扣、 16-气调仪、 17-气瓶、 18-充气总管、 19-管 接头、 20-充气支管、 21-单向阀、 22-气调阀、 23-总气调变径件、 24-气调工作台、 25-CTC〜- 20°C冷库、 26-2°C〜7°C冷库、 27-1CTC低温库、 28-气调工作间、 29-切分菜工作间、 30-果蔬 加工车间、 31-箱体清洗间、 32-干净箱体存放库、 33-卫生间、 34-更衣休息室、 35-水井及水 处理间、 36-配电间、 37-门卫房、 38-通道、 39-托盘。
具体实施方式
[0044] 参见图 1 所示， 包括果蔬加工车间和气调保鲜库， 果蔬加工车间可包括气调工作间 28、 箱体清洗间 31、 干净箱体存放库 32、 切分菜工作间 29、 果蔬加工车间 30、 卫生间 33、 更衣休息室 34、 水井及水处理间 35、 配电间 36、 门卫房 37， 通道 38设于中间。
[0045] 参见图 1、 图 3所示， 气调保鲜库按照温度不同分为三部分， 分别为： 0°C〜- 20°C冷 库 25， 2°C〜7°C冷库 26、 10°C低温库 27， 气调保鲜库内的地面上放置有托盘 39， 气调箱
13垛放于托盘上。
[0046] 参见图 2 所示， 气调工作间 28 内设置有气调工作台 24， 气调工作台上有气调仪 16， 气调仪一端与气瓶 17连接， 一端与充气总管 18连接， 充气总管 18上连接有总气调变 径件 23， 充气总管 18再由管接头 19与各个充气支管 20连接， 充气支管 20与气调箱 13箱 盖上的气孔连接， 充气支管 20上设有气调阀 22和单向阀 21。
[0047] 参见图 4 所示， 气调箱 13 的箱底、 箱壁和箱盖上开有气孔， 气孔内插有自动气调 塞； 该组气调塞由第一长气调塞 1、 第二长气调塞 2， 以及箱底气调塞 3组成。 气调箱 13的 箱体和箱盖之间连接有密封卡扣 15。
[0048] 参见图 5所示， 箱底气调塞 3为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖 8， 顶盖中心分 布有 3-7个气调孔 4， 箱底气调塞 3底面为内凹形， 底面中心开有放气孔 5， 并在放气孔 5 两侧向下延伸的圆柱侧壁上开有豁口， 在圆柱体内部置有棉球 7。
[0049] 参见图 6 所示， 箱底气调塞、 第一长气调塞和第二长气调塞的顶盖 8 结构相同， 顶 盖中心带有内凹槽 9， 且内凹槽的槽底面向外隆起， 5 个气调孔分布于内凹槽的槽底面。 箱 底气调塞的顶盖， 以及第一长气调塞和第二长气调塞顶盖的颜色各不相同。
[0050] 参见图 7所示， 第一长气调塞 1为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖 8， 顶盖中心 分布有 3-7个气调孔 4， 第一长气调塞 1 的底面为内凹形， 底面中心开有放气孔 5， 其侧面 中部开有侧孔 6, 在圆柱体内部的侧孔 6与放气孔 5之间置有棉球 7。
[0051] 参见图 8所示， 第二长气调塞 2为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖 8， 顶盖中心 分布有 3-7个气调孔 4， 其底面封死， 其侧面中部开有侧孔 6, 在圆柱体内部的侧孔 6与顶 盖 8之间置有棉球 7。
[0052] 这种自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法， 步骤如下：
步骤一， 准备自动气调塞， 先将第一长气调塞 1、 第二长气调塞 2、 箱底气调塞 3在净水或 臭氧水中浸泡， 直至气调塞内的棉球吸饱液体， 堵住放气孔 5和气调孔 4;
步骤二， 果蔬装箱， 并在装有果品的气调箱的气孔中安装气调塞， 将箱底气调塞 3完全塞入 气调箱箱底的气孔内； 将第一长气调塞 1 和第二长气调塞 2插入气调箱箱壁或箱盖的一部 分， 露出侧孔 6; 气调箱的箱底有一个气孔， 箱壁有两个气孔， 箱盖有两个气孔， 气调箱箱 盖的两个气孔一个用于气调仪向箱内充气， 另一个用于跑气， 先安装气调箱箱底气孔和箱壁 气孔的气调塞， 使气调箱内形成富二氧化碳、 少氧的环境， 之后安装气调箱箱盖的气调塞； 步骤三， 果蔬装箱后， 运至气调工作台 24， 用气调仪 16向气调箱 13 内充 C02气体， 也可 直接充氮气， 将气调箱内的空气置换出来，
步骤四， 将气调箱根据不同的果蔬品种放入气调保鲜库不同温度的冷库内， 气调箱垛放在气 调保鲜库地面的托盘 39上， 在气调保鲜库中进行自发气调； 待三种气调塞内部的棉球 7 的 水分蒸发后， 箱底气调塞 3和第一长气调塞 1上的放气孔 5自行打开， 第二长气调塞上的气 调孔 4自行打开， 自动将气调箱内果品呼吸作用产生的多余二氧化碳排出， 使气调箱内的果 品继续处于保鲜状态；
步骤五， 气调箱由气调保鲜库转入上市物流时， 将箱上自动气调塞变为大排气量， 根据不同 果品及温度条件， 手动将第一长气调塞 1或第二长气调塞 2或同时将第一长气调塞 1和第二 长气调塞 2完全塞入气调箱箱壁或箱盖的气孔内， 排出气调箱内更多的二氧化碳气体， 使气 调箱内的果品继续处于保鲜状态；
步骤六， 果品上市后， 打开气调箱上盖进行小包装出售， 盖箱盖后， 气调箱在温差作用下进 行自动补水。
[0053] 气调库应注意换气， 使库内空气中氧气含量保持在 21%左右。 保证气调箱气体交换 有足够的氧气， 防止箱内果蔬缺氧呼吸。 出库时温度增高， 果蔬呼吸量加大， 箱内应加大 进、 排气量。 箱上装有的 4-6个自动气调塞应变档为大排气量， 防止气体危害。
[0054] 气调箱应配置在自动自发气调库加工间内， 有利发挥气调箱的保鲜效果。 气调箱进 入市场前应放在冷库内。 气调箱上货架后打开箱盖果蔬可以补水， 如缺水时， 在箱底可补充
40 毫升水， 晚上封闭箱体， 箱内的果蔬可以自动补水。 果品售出后将气调塞回收重复利 用。
[0055]
实施例一， 气调箱按保鲜蔬菜的工艺要求， 放进蔬菜 （如韭黄、 茼蒿、 芥兰、 彩椒）， 封箱 后， 箱上安装 4个长气调塞， 将 4 个长气调塞用浸满液体的棉球封死， 底部安装一个箱底 气调塞。 用气瓶排出气调箱内的 C02气体。 气调箱放置 20-30个小时后， 4个液体封死的气 调塞在空气热力作用下， 自动打开放气孔进行进、 排气交换， 并在温差作用下自动调节气调 箱内的 02气体和 C02气体， 多余的 C02气体从箱底孔跑出， 实现低碳保鲜目标。
[0056] 参见图 9所示， 茼蒿、 芥兰装入 35升气调内， 在 3〜7°C温度下进行自发气调， 试验 结果表明， 气调开始时气调箱内的二氧化碳含量为零， 蔬菜贮存 0〜5 天内放气孔逐步开 放， 箱内的二氧化碳量逐步上升， 之后保持稳定。 气调箱对二氧化碳含量的调节作用十分显 著。
[0057] 蔬菜 3〜7°C库内贮藏 10天保鲜效果对比表：
同咼 250g 完好， 不失水， 硬度不变 失水， 失去商品价值
芥兰 250g 完好， 不失水， 硬度不变 失水， 失去商品价值
彩椒 250g 完好， 不失水， 硬度不变 有失水现象， 果实有些发软
蔬菜可气调保鲜 15天， 保鲜 10天效果最好， 而纸箱仅可保鲜 5天。
[0058]
实施例二， 草莓气调箱贮藏中试试验， 参见图 10所示，
利用气调箱保鲜草莓的新方法， 用红颜草莓品种进行试验， 草莓采摘后放入衬有吸水纸的塑 料盒 （6公斤 12个小盒）， 装入未装元件的气调箱 0°C预冷， 次日安装气调塞,进行密封、 充 C02气体。 充入约 15% C02气体， 放入 0°C冷库内储藏， 使箱体处于交换气体状态。 箱中 C02气体基本维持在 15%-18%， 02基本维持在 3%以上。 10天后检测效果保持了原有的色 泽和品味， 食用安全。
[0059] 气调箱充入 13%〜14%的 C02气体， 贮藏 10天， 好果率达到 93.9%， 24小时货架期 好果率达到 90.8%， 基本保持了原有的色泽和品味， 不使用保鲜剂， 食用更安全。
Claims
1. 一种自动自发气调保鲜系统， 包括果蔬加工车间和气调保鲜库， 其特征在于： 所述气调保鲜库按照温度不同分为三部分， 分别为： 0°C〜- 2CTC冷库 （25)， 2°C〜7°C冷库 (26)、 10°C低温库 （27)， 气调保鲜库内的地面上放置有托盘 （39), 气调箱 （13) 垛放于 托盘上； 该系统还包括在气调保鲜库外设置的气调工作间， 气调工作间 （28) 内有气调工作 台 （24)， 气调工作台上有气调仪 （16)， 气调仪一端与气瓶 （17) 连接， 另一端与充气总管
(18) 连接， 充气总管 （18) 上连接有总气调变径件 （23)， 充气总管 （18) 再由管接头
(19) 与各个充气支管 （20) 连接， 充气支管 （20) 与气调箱 （13) 箱盖上的气孔连接， 充 气支管 （20) 上设有气调阀 （22) 和单向阔 (21)；
所述气调箱 （13) 的箱底、 箱壁和箱盖上开有气孔， 气孔内插有自动气调塞； 自动气调塞由 第一长气调塞 （1)、 第二长气调塞 （2), 以及箱底气调塞 （3) 组成；
所述第一长气调塞 （1) 为 T 形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖 （8), 顶盖中心分布有 3-7 个气调孔 （4)， 其底面中心开有放气孔 （5), 其侧面中部开有侧孔 （6)， 在圆柱体内部的侧 孔 （6) 与放气孔 (5) 之间置有棉球 (7)；
所述第二长气调塞 （2) 为 T 形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖 （8)， 顶盖中心分布有 3-7 个气调孔 （4)， 其底面封死， 其侧面中部开有侧孔 （6)， 在圆柱体内部的侧孔 （6) 与顶盖
(8) 之间置有棉球 (7)；
所述箱底气调塞 （3) 为 T形空心圆柱体， 其顶面连接有顶盖 （8)， 顶盖中心分布有 3-7个 气调孔 （4)， 其底面中心开有放气孔 （5)， 在圆柱体内部置有棉球 （7)。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统， 其特征在于： 所述气调箱 （13) 的箱体 和箱盖之间连接有密封卡扣 （15)。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统， 其特征在于： 所述第一长气调塞 （1) 的 底面为内凹形； 箱底气调塞 （3) 底面也为内凹形， 并在放气孔 （5) 两侧向下延伸的圆柱侧 壁上开有豁口， 上述气调孔 （4) 的数量为 5个或 7个。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统， 其特征在于： 所述箱底气调塞、 第一长 气调塞和第二长气调塞的顶盖 （8) 结构相同， 顶盖中心带有内凹槽 （9)， 且内凹槽的槽底 面向外隆起， 气调孔分布于内凹槽的槽底面。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统， 其特征在于： 所述箱底气调塞的顶盖， 以及第一长气调塞和第二长气调塞顶盖的颜色各不相同。
6. 一种如权利要求 1-5 任意一项所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法， 其特征在 于： 步骤一， 准备自动气调塞， 先将第一长气调塞 （1 )、 第二长气调塞 （2)、 箱底气调塞 （3 ) 在液体中浸泡， 直至气调塞内的棉球吸饱液体， 堵住放气孔 （5) 和气调孔 （4);
步骤二， 果蔬装箱， 并在装有果品的气调箱的气孔中安装气调塞， 将箱底气调塞 （3 ) 完全 塞入气调箱箱底的气孔内； 将第一长气调塞 （1 ) 和第二长气调塞 （2) 插入气调箱箱壁或箱 盖的一部分， 露出侧孔 （6);
步骤三， 果蔬装箱后， 运至气调工作台 （24)， 用气瓶 （17 ) 向气调箱 （13) 内充入气体， 将气调箱内的空气置换出来；
步骤四， 将气调箱根据不同的果蔬品种放入气调保鲜库不同温度的冷库内， 气调箱垛放在气 调保鲜库地面的托盘 （39) 上， 在气调保鲜库中进行自发气调； 待三种气调塞内部的棉球 (7) 的水分蒸发后， 箱底气调塞 （3) 和第一长气调塞 （1 ) 上的放气孔 （5) 自行打开， 第 二长气调塞上的气调孔 （4) 自行打开， 自动将气调箱内果品呼吸作用产生的多余二氧化碳 排出， 使气调箱内的果品继续处于保鲜状态；
步骤五， 气调箱由气调保鲜库转入上市物流时， 将箱上自动气调塞变为大排气量， 根据不同 果品及温度条件， 手动将第一长气调塞 （1 ) 或第二长气调塞 （2) 或同时将第一长气调塞 ( 1 ) 和第二长气调塞 （2) 完全塞入气调箱箱壁或箱盖的气孔内， 排出气调箱内更多的二氧 化碳气体， 使气调箱内的果品继续处于保鲜状态；
步骤六， 果品上市后， 打开气调箱上盖进行小包装出售， 箱盖盖后， 气调箱在温差作用下进 行自动补水。
7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法， 其特征在于： 所述步骤 一中， 浸泡气调塞的液体为净水或臭氧水。
8. 根据权利要求 6 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法， 其特征在于： 所述步骤 二中， 气调箱的箱底有一个气孔， 箱壁有两个气孔， 箱盖有两个气孔， 气调箱箱盖的两个气 孔一个用于气调仪向箱内充气， 另一个用于跑气， 先安装气调箱箱底气孔和箱壁气孔的气调 塞， 使气调箱内形成富二氧化碳、 少氧的环境， 之后安装气调箱箱盖的气调塞。
9. 根据权利要求 6 所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法， 其特征在于： 所述步骤 三中， 用气瓶 （17) 向气调箱 （13) 内充入二氧化碳气体或氮气， 将气调箱内的空气置换出 来。
10. 根据权利要求 6所述的自动自发气调保鲜系统保鲜果蔬的方法， 其特征在于： 所述步骤 六中， 气调塞在果品售出后回收重复利用。
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| CN2713824Y (zh) * | 2004-06-25 | 2005-08-03 | 卢金言 | 气调保鲜箱 |
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